3 ;;; Method combination protocol
5 ;;; (c) 2009 Straylight/Edgeware
8 ;;;----- Licensing notice ---------------------------------------------------
10 ;;; This file is part of the Sensible Object Design, an object system for C.
12 ;;; SOD is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
13 ;;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
14 ;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
15 ;;; (at your option) any later version.
17 ;;; SOD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
18 ;;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
19 ;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
20 ;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
22 ;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
23 ;;; along with SOD; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
24 ;;; Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
28 ;;;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
29 ;;; Effective methods and entries.
31 (export '(effective-method
32 effective-method-message effective-method-class
33 effective-method-keywords))
34 (defclass effective-method ()
35 ((message :initarg :message :type sod-message
36 :reader effective-method-message)
37 (%class :initarg :class :type sod-class :reader effective-method-class)
38 (keywords :type list :reader effective-method-keywords))
40 "The behaviour invoked by sending a message to an instance of a class.
42 This class describes the behaviour when an instance of CLASS is sent
45 This is not a useful class by itself. Message classes are expected to
46 define their own effective-method classes.
48 An effective method class may accept a `:direct-methods' initarg, which
49 will be a list of applicable methods sorted in most-to-least specific
52 (export 'sod-message-applicable-methods)
53 (defgeneric sod-message-applicable-methods (message class)
55 "Return a list of applicable methods for a MESSAGE.
57 The list contains all methods applicable for MESSAGE when sent to an
58 instance of CLASS, most specific first."))
60 (export 'sod-message-keyword-argument-lists)
61 (defgeneric sod-message-keyword-argument-lists
62 (message class direct-methods state)
64 "Returns a list of keyword argument lists to be merged.
66 This should return a list suitable for passing to `merge-keyword-lists',
67 i.e., each element should be a pair consisting of a function describing
68 the source of the argument list (returning location and description), and
69 a list of `argument' objects.
71 The MESSAGE is the message being processed; CLASS is a receiver class
72 under consideration; DIRECT-METHODS is the complete list of applicable
73 direct methods (most specific first); and STATE is an `inheritance-path-
74 reporter-state' object which can be used by the returned reporting
77 (export 'compute-effective-method-keyword-arguments)
78 (defun compute-effective-method-keyword-arguments
79 (message class direct-methods)
80 "Return a merged keyword argument list.
82 The returned list combines all of the applicable methods, provided as
83 DIRECT-METHODS, applicable to MESSAGE when received by an instance of
84 CLASS, possibly with other keywords as determined by `sod-keyword-
86 (let ((state (make-inheritance-path-reporter-state class)))
87 (merge-keyword-lists (lambda ()
90 "methods for message `~A' ~
91 applicable to class `~A'"
93 (sod-message-keyword-argument-lists message
98 (export 'sod-message-check-methods)
99 (defgeneric sod-message-check-methods (message class direct-methods)
101 "Check that the applicable methods for a MESSAGE are compatible.
103 Specifically, given the DIRECT-METHODS applicable for the message when
104 received by an instance of CLASS, signal errors if the methods don't
105 match the MESSAGE or each other."))
107 (export 'sod-message-effective-method-class)
108 (defgeneric sod-message-effective-method-class (message)
110 "Return the effective method class for the given MESSAGE.
112 This function is invoked by `compute-sod-effective-method'."))
114 (export 'primary-method-class)
115 (defgeneric primary-method-class (message)
117 "Return the name of the primary direct method class for MESSAGE.
119 This protocol is used by `simple-message' subclasses."))
121 (export 'compute-sod-effective-method)
122 (defgeneric compute-sod-effective-method (message class)
124 "Return the effective method when a CLASS instance receives MESSAGE.
126 The default method constructs an instance of the message's chosen
127 `sod-message-effective-method-class', passing the MESSAGE, the CLASS and
128 the list of applicable methods as initargs to `make-instance'."))
130 (export 'compute-effective-methods)
131 (defgeneric compute-effective-methods (class)
133 "Return a list of all of the effective methods needed for CLASS.
135 The list needn't be in any particular order."))
137 (export '(method-entry method-entry-effective-method
138 method-entry-chain-head method-entry-chain-tail
140 (defclass method-entry ()
141 ((%method :initarg :method :type effective-method
142 :reader method-entry-effective-method)
143 (chain-head :initarg :chain-head :type sod-class
144 :reader method-entry-chain-head)
145 (chain-tail :initarg :chain-tail :type sod-class
146 :reader method-entry-chain-tail)
147 (role :initarg :role :type (or keyword null) :reader method-entry-role))
149 "An entry point into an effective method.
151 Specifically, this is the entry point to the effective METHOD invoked via
152 the vtable for the chain headed by CHAIN-HEAD, and serving the given ROLE.
153 The CHAIN-TAIL is the most specific class on this chain; this is useful
154 because we can reuse the types of method entries from superclasses on
157 Each effective method may have several different method entries, because
158 an effective method can be called via vtables attached to different
159 chains, and such calls will pass instance pointers which point to
160 different `ichain' structures within the overall instance layout; it's the
161 job of the method entry to adjust the instance pointers correctly for the
162 rest of the effective method.
164 A vtable can contain more than one entry for the same message. Such
165 entries are distinguished by their roles. A message always has an entry
166 with the `nil role; in addition, a varargs message also has a `:valist'
167 role, which accepts a `va_list' argument in place of the variable argument
168 listNo other roles are currently defined, though they may be introduced by
171 The boundaries between a method entry and the effective method
172 is (intentionally) somewhat fuzzy. In extreme cases, the effective method
173 may not exist at all as a distinct entity in the output because its
174 content is duplicated in all of the method entry functions. This is left
175 up to the effective method protocol."))
177 (export 'make-method-entries)
178 (defgeneric make-method-entries (effective-method chain-head chain-tail)
180 "Return a list of `method-entry' objects for an EFFECTIVE-METHOD called
183 There is no default method for this function. (Maybe when the
184 effective-method/method-entry output protocol has settled down I'll know
185 what a sensible default action would be.)"))
187 ;;;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
188 ;;; Protocol for messages and direct-methods.
190 (export 'sod-message-argument-tail)
191 (defgeneric sod-message-argument-tail (message)
193 "Return the argument tail for the message, with invented argument names.
195 No `me' argument is prepended; any `:ellipsis' is left as it is."))
197 (export 'sod-method-description)
198 (defgeneric sod-method-description (method)
200 "Return an adjectival phrase describing METHOD.
202 The result will be placed into an error message reading something like
203 ``Conflicting definition of DESCRIPTION direct method `bogus'''. Two
204 direct methods which can coexist in the same class, defined on the same
205 message, should have differing descriptions."))
207 (export 'sod-method-function-type)
208 (defgeneric sod-method-function-type (method)
210 "Return the C function type for the direct method.
212 This is called during initialization of a direct method object, and the
215 A default method is provided (by `basic-direct-method') which simply
216 prepends an appropriate `me' argument to the user-provided argument list.
217 Fancy method classes may need to override this behaviour."))
219 (export 'sod-method-next-method-type)
220 (defgeneric sod-method-next-method-type (method)
222 "Return the C function type for the next-method trampoline.
224 This is called during initialization of a direct method object, and the
225 result is cached. It should return a function type, not a pointer type.
227 A default method is provided (by `delegating-direct-method') which should
228 do the right job. Very fancy subclasses might need to do something
231 (export 'sod-method-function-name)
232 (defgeneric sod-method-function-name (method)
234 "Return the C function name for the direct method."))
236 (export 'keyword-message-p)
237 (defun keyword-message-p (message)
238 "Answer whether the MESSAGE accepts a keyword arguments.
240 Dealing with keyword messages is rather fiddly, so this is useful to
242 (typep (sod-message-type message) 'c-keyword-function-type))
244 (export 'varargs-message-p)
245 (defun varargs-message-p (message)
246 "Answer whether the MESSAGE accepts a variable-length argument list.
248 We need to jump through some extra hoops in order to cope with varargs
249 messages, so this is useful to know."
250 (member :ellipsis (sod-message-argument-tail message)))
252 ;;;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
253 ;;; Protocol for effective methods and method entries.
255 (export 'method-entry-function-type)
256 (defgeneric method-entry-function-type (entry)
258 "Return the C function type for a method entry."))
260 (export 'method-entry-slot-name)
261 (defgeneric method-entry-slot-name (entry)
263 "Return the `vtmsgs' slot name for a method entry.
265 The default method indirects through `method-entry-slot-name-by-role'."))
267 (export 'method-entry-slot-name-by-role)
268 (defgeneric method-entry-slot-name-by-role (entry role name)
269 (:documentation "Easier implementation for `method-entry-slot-name'.")
270 (:method ((entry method-entry) (role (eql nil)) name) name)
271 (:method ((entry method-entry) (role (eql :valist)) name)
272 (format nil "~A__v" name)))
274 (export 'effective-method-basic-argument-names)
275 (defgeneric effective-method-basic-argument-names (method)
277 "Return a list of argument names to be passed to direct methods.
279 The argument names are constructed from the message's arguments returned
280 by `sod-message-argument-tail', with any ellipsis replaced by an explicit
281 `va_list' argument. The basic arguments are the ones immediately derived
282 from the programmer's explicitly stated arguments; the `me' argument is
283 not included, and neither are more exotic arguments added as part of the
284 method delegation protocol."))
286 (export 'effective-method-live-p)
287 (defgeneric effective-method-live-p (method)
289 "Returns true if the effective METHOD is live.
291 An effective method is `live' if it should actually have proper method entry
292 functions associated with it and stored in the class vtable. The other
293 possibility is that the method is `dead', in which case the function
294 pointers in the vtable are left null."))
296 ;;;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
299 ;;; Enhanced code-generator class.
301 (export '(method-codegen codegen-message codegen-class
302 codegen-method codegen-target))
303 (defclass method-codegen (codegen)
304 ((message :initarg :message :type sod-message :reader codegen-message)
305 (%class :initarg :class :type sod-class :reader codegen-class)
306 (%method :initarg :method :type effective-method :reader codegen-method)
307 (target :initarg :target :reader codegen-target))
309 "Augments CODEGEN with additional state regarding an effective method.
311 We store the effective method, and also its target class and owning
312 message, so that these values are readily available to the code-generating
317 (export 'compute-effective-method-body)
318 (defgeneric compute-effective-method-body (method codegen target)
320 "Generates the body of an effective method.
322 Writes the function body to the code generator. It can (obviously)
323 generate auxiliary functions if it needs to.
325 The arguments are as determined by agreement with the generic function
326 `compute-method-entry-functions'; usually this will be as specified by the
327 `sod-message-argument-tail', with any variable-argument tail reified to a
328 `va_list', and an additional argument `sod__obj' of type pointer-to-
329 ilayout. The code should deliver the result (if any) to the TARGET."))
331 (export 'simple-method-body)
332 (defgeneric simple-method-body (method codegen target)
334 "Generate the body of a simple effective method.
336 The function is invoked on an effective METHOD, with a CODEGEN to which it
337 should emit code delivering the method's value to TARGET."))
339 ;;; Additional instructions.
341 (definst convert-to-ilayout (stream :export t)
342 (%class chain-head %expr)
343 (format stream "SOD_ILAYOUT(~@<~A, ~_~A, ~_~A~:>)"
344 class (sod-class-nickname chain-head) expr))
348 (defvar-unbound *keyword-struct-disposition*
349 "The current state of the keyword structure.
351 This can be one of three values.
353 * `:local' -- the structure itself is in a local variable `sod__kw'.
354 This is used in the top-level effective method.
356 * `:pointer' -- the structure is pointed to by the local variable
357 `sod__kw'. This is used by delegation-chain trampolines.
359 * `:null' -- there is in fact no structure because none of the
360 applicable methods actually define any keywords.")
362 (defun keyword-access (name &optional suffix)
363 "Return an lvalue designating a named member of the keyword struct.
365 If a non-nil SUFFIX is provided, then the member is named NAMESUFFIX."
367 (format nil "~A~A~A~@[~A~]" *sod-keywords* op name suffix)))
368 (ecase *keyword-struct-disposition*
370 (:pointer (mem "->")))))
372 (let ((kw-addr (format nil "&~A" *sod-keywords*)))
373 (defun keyword-struct-pointer ()
374 "Return a pointer to the keyword structure."
375 (ecase *keyword-struct-disposition*
377 (:pointer *sod-keywords*)
378 (:null *null-pointer*))))
380 (export 'invoke-method)
381 (defun invoke-method (codegen target arguments-tail direct-method)
382 "Emit code to invoke DIRECT-METHOD, passing it ARGUMENTS-TAIL.
384 The code is generated in the context of CODEGEN, which can be any instance
385 of the `codegen' class -- it needn't be an instance of `method-codegen'.
386 The DIRECT-METHOD is called with the given ARGUMENTS-TAIL (a list of
387 argument expressions), preceded by a `me' argument of type pointer-to-
388 CLASS where CLASS is the class on which the method was defined.
390 If the message accepts a variable-length argument list then a copy of the
391 prevailing argument pointer is provided in place of the `:ellipsis'."
393 (let* ((message (sod-method-message direct-method))
394 (class (sod-method-class direct-method))
395 (function (sod-method-function-name direct-method))
396 (type (sod-method-type direct-method))
397 (keywordsp (keyword-message-p message))
398 (keywords (and keywordsp (c-function-keywords type)))
399 (arguments (append (list (format nil "&sod__obj->~A.~A"
401 (sod-class-chain-head class))
402 (sod-class-nickname class)))
404 (mapcar (lambda (arg)
405 (let ((name (argument-name arg))
406 (default (argument-default arg)))
411 (keyword-access name)
413 (keyword-access name))))
415 (cond ((varargs-message-p message)
416 (convert-stmts codegen target (c-type-subtype type)
418 (ensure-var codegen *sod-tmp-ap* c-type-va-list)
419 (deliver-call codegen :void "va_copy"
420 *sod-tmp-ap* *sod-ap*)
421 (apply #'deliver-call codegen var
423 (deliver-call codegen :void "va_end"
426 (let ((tag (direct-method-suppliedp-struct-tag direct-method)))
427 (with-temporary-var (codegen spvar (c-type (struct tag)))
428 (dolist (arg keywords)
429 (let ((name (argument-name arg)))
430 (deliver-expr codegen (format nil "~A.~A" spvar name)
431 (keyword-access name "__suppliedp"))))
432 (setf arguments (list* (car arguments) spvar
434 (apply #'deliver-call codegen target function arguments))))
436 (apply #'deliver-call codegen target function arguments)))))
438 (export 'ensure-ilayout-var)
439 (defun ensure-ilayout-var (codegen super)
440 "Define a variable `sod__obj' pointing to the class's ilayout structure.
442 CODEGEN is a `method-codegen'. The class in question is CODEGEN's class,
443 i.e., the target class for the effective method. SUPER is one of the
444 class's superclasses; it is assumed that `me' is a pointer to a SUPER
445 (i.e., to SUPER's ichain within the ilayout)."
447 (let* ((class (codegen-class codegen))
448 (super-head (sod-class-chain-head super)))
449 (ensure-var codegen "sod__obj"
450 (c-type (* (struct (ilayout-struct-tag class))))
451 (make-convert-to-ilayout-inst class super-head "me"))))
453 (export 'make-trampoline)
454 (defun make-trampoline (codegen super body)
455 "Construct a trampoline function and return its name.
457 CODEGEN is a `method-codegen'. SUPER is a superclass of the CODEGEN
458 class. We construct a new trampoline function (with an unimaginative
459 name) suitable for being passed to a direct method defined on SUPER as its
460 `next_method'. In particular, it will have a `me' argument whose type is
463 The code of the function is generated by BODY, which will be invoked with
464 a single argument which is the TARGET to which it should deliver its
467 The return value is the name of the generated function."
469 (let* ((message (codegen-message codegen))
470 (message-type (sod-message-type message))
471 (message-class (sod-message-class message))
472 (method (codegen-method codegen))
473 (return-type (c-type-subtype message-type))
474 (raw-args (sod-message-argument-tail message))
475 (arguments (cond ((varargs-message-p message)
476 (cons (make-argument *sod-ap* c-type-va-list)
478 ((keyword-message-p message)
479 (cons (make-argument *sod-key-pointer*
480 (c-type (* (void :const))))
483 (*keyword-struct-disposition* (if (effective-method-keywords method)
485 (codegen-push codegen)
486 (ensure-ilayout-var codegen super)
487 (when (keyword-message-p message)
488 (if (eq *keyword-struct-disposition* :null)
489 (deliver-call codegen :void "SOD__IGNORE" *sod-key-pointer*)
490 (let ((tag (effective-method-keyword-struct-tag method)))
491 (ensure-var codegen *sod-keywords*
492 (c-type (* (struct tag :const)))
493 *sod-key-pointer*))))
494 (funcall body (codegen-target codegen))
495 (codegen-pop-function codegen (temporary-function)
496 (c-type (fun (lisp return-type)
497 ("me" (* (class super)))
499 "Delegation-chain trampoline ~:_~
500 for `~A.~A' ~:_on `~A'."
501 (sod-class-nickname message-class)
502 (sod-message-name message)
503 (effective-method-class method))))
505 ;;;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
506 ;;; Method entry protocol.
508 (export 'effective-method-function-name)
509 (defgeneric effective-method-function-name (method)
511 "Returns the function name of an effective method."))
513 (export 'method-entry-function-name)
514 (defgeneric method-entry-function-name (method chain-head role)
516 "Returns the function name of a method entry.
518 The method entry is given as an effective method/chain-head/role triple,
519 rather than as a method entry object because we want the function name
520 before we've made the entry object."))
522 (export 'compute-method-entry-functions)
523 (defgeneric compute-method-entry-functions (method)
525 "Construct method entry functions.
527 Builds the effective method function (if there is one) and the necessary
528 method entries. Returns a list of functions (i.e., `function-inst'
529 objects) which need to be defined in the generated source code."))
531 ;;;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
532 ;;; Invoking direct methods.
534 (export 'invoke-delegation-chain)
535 (defun invoke-delegation-chain (codegen target basic-tail chain kernel)
536 "Invoke a chain of delegating methods.
538 CODEGEN is a `method-codegen'. BASIC-TAIL is a list of argument
539 expressions to provide to the methods. The result of the delegation chain
540 will be delivered to TARGET.
542 The CHAIN is a list of method objects (it's intended to be used with
543 `delegating-direct-method' objects). The behaviour is as follows. The
544 first method in the chain is invoked with the necessary arguments (see
545 below) including a `next_method' pointer. If KERNEL is nil and there are
546 no more methods in the chain then the `next_method' pointer will be null;
547 otherwise it will point to a `trampoline' function, whose behaviour is to
548 call the remaining methods on the chain as a delegation chain. The method
549 may choose to call this function with its arguments. It will finally
550 return a value, which will be delivered to the TARGET.
552 If the chain is empty, then the code generated by KERNEL (given a TARGET
553 argument) will be invoked. It is an error if both CHAIN and KERNEL are
556 (let* ((message (codegen-message codegen))
557 (argument-tail (if (varargs-message-p message)
558 (cons *sod-tmp-ap* basic-tail)
560 (labels ((next-trampoline (method chain)
561 (if (or kernel chain)
562 (make-trampoline codegen (sod-method-class method)
564 (invoke chain target)))
566 (invoke (chain target)
568 (funcall kernel target)
569 (let ((trampoline (next-trampoline (car chain)
571 (tail (if (keyword-message-p message)
572 (cons (keyword-struct-pointer)
575 (invoke-method codegen target
576 (cons trampoline tail)
578 (invoke chain target))))
580 ;;;----- That's all, folks --------------------------------------------------