1 .\" dpkg manual page - deb-version(5)
3 .\" Copyright © 1996-1998 Ian Jackson and Christian Schwarz
4 .\" for parts of the text reused from the Debian Policy
5 .\" Copyright © 2007 Frank Lichtenheld <djpig@debian.org>
6 .\" Copyright © 2011, 2013, 2015 Guillem Jover <guillem@debian.org>
8 .\" This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 .\" (at your option) any later version.
13 .\" This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 .\" GNU General Public License for more details.
18 .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 .\" along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
21 .TH deb\-version 5 "%RELEASE_DATE%" "%VERSION%" "dpkg suite"
24 deb\-version \- Debian package version number format
27 .RI "[" epoch "\fB:\fP]" upstream-version "[\fB\-\fP" debian-revision "]"
29 Version numbers as used for Debian binary and source packages
30 consist of three components. These are:
33 This is a single (generally small) unsigned integer. It
34 may be omitted, in which case zero is assumed. If it is
35 omitted then the \fIupstream-version\fP may not
38 It is provided to allow mistakes in the version numbers
39 of older versions of a package, and also a package's
40 previous version numbering schemes, to be left behind.
43 This is the main part of the version number. It is
44 usually the version number of the original (“upstream”)
45 package from which the \fI.deb\fP file has been made,
46 if this is applicable. Usually this will be in the same
47 format as that specified by the upstream author(s);
48 however, it may need to be reformatted to fit into the
49 package management system's format and comparison
52 The comparison behavior of the package management system
53 with respect to the \fIupstream-version\fP is
54 described below. The \fIupstream-version\fP
55 portion of the version number is mandatory.
57 The \fIupstream-version\fP may contain only
58 alphanumerics (“A-Za-z0-9”) and the characters
59 .BR . " " + " " \- " " : " " ~
60 (full stop, plus, hyphen, colon, tilde) and should
61 start with a digit. If there is no
62 \fIdebian-revision\fP then hyphens are not allowed;
63 if there is no \fIepoch\fP then colons are not
67 This part of the version number specifies the version of
68 the Debian package based on the upstream version. It
69 may contain only alphanumerics and the characters
71 (plus, full stop, tilde) and is
72 compared in the same way as the
73 \fIupstream-version\fP is.
75 It is optional; if it isn't present then the
76 \fIupstream-version\fP may not contain a hyphen.
77 This format represents the case where a piece of
78 software was written specifically to be turned into a
79 Debian package, and so there is only one “debianization”
80 of it and therefore no revision indication is required.
82 It is conventional to restart the
83 \fIdebian-revision\fP at ‘1’ each time the
84 \fIupstream-version\fP is increased.
86 Dpkg will break the version
87 number apart at the last hyphen in the string (if there
88 is one) to determine the \fIupstream-version\fP and
89 \fIdebian-revision\fP. The absence of a
90 \fIdebian-revision\fP compares earlier than the
91 presence of one (but note that the \fIdebian-revision\fP
92 is the least significant part of the version number).
94 The \fIupstream-version\fP and \fIdebian-revision\fP
95 parts are compared by the package management system using the
98 The strings are compared from left to right.
100 First the initial part of each string consisting entirely of
101 non-digit characters is determined. These two parts (one of
102 which may be empty) are compared lexically. If a difference
103 is found it is returned. The lexical comparison is a
104 comparison of ASCII values modified so that all the letters
105 sort earlier than all the non-letters and so that a tilde
106 sorts before anything, even the end of a part. For example,
107 the following parts are in sorted order: ‘~~’, ‘~~a’, ‘~’,
110 Then the initial part of the remainder of each string which
111 consists entirely of digit characters is determined. The
112 numerical values of these two parts are compared, and any
113 difference found is returned as the result of the comparison.
114 For these purposes an empty string (which can only occur at
115 the end of one or both version strings being compared) counts
118 These two steps (comparing and removing initial non-digit
119 strings and initial digit strings) are repeated until a
120 difference is found or both strings are exhausted.
122 Note that the purpose of epochs is to allow us to leave behind
123 mistakes in version numbering, and to cope with situations
124 where the version numbering scheme changes. It is
125 \fBnot\fP intended to cope with version numbers containing
126 strings of letters which the package management system cannot
127 interpret (such as ‘ALPHA’ or ‘pre\-’), or with
130 The tilde character and its special sorting properties were introduced
131 in dpkg 1.10 and some parts of the dpkg build scripts only gained
132 support for it later in the 1.10.x series.
134 .BR deb\-control (5),