3 ### Management of a secure password database
5 ### (c) 2005 Straylight/Edgeware
8 ###----- Licensing notice ---------------------------------------------------
10 ### This file is part of the Python interface to Catacomb.
12 ### Catacomb/Python is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
13 ### it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
14 ### the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
15 ### (at your option) any later version.
17 ### Catacomb/Python is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
18 ### but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
19 ### MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
20 ### GNU General Public License for more details.
22 ### You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
23 ### with Catacomb/Python; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
24 ### Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
26 ###--------------------------------------------------------------------------
29 from __future__ import with_statement
33 from cStringIO import StringIO as _StringIO
37 ###--------------------------------------------------------------------------
38 ### Text encoding utilities.
42 Answer whether S can be represented literally.
44 If True, then S can be stored literally, as a metadata item name or
45 value; if False, then S requires some kind of encoding.
47 return all(ch.isalnum() or ch in '-_:' for ch in s)
49 def _enc_metaname(name):
50 """Encode NAME as a metadata item name, returning the result."""
57 if _literalp(ch): sio.write(ch)
58 elif ch == ' ': sio.write('+')
59 else: sio.write('%%%02x' % ord(ch))
62 def _dec_metaname(name):
63 """Decode NAME as a metadata item name, returning the result."""
64 if not name.startswith('!'):
75 sio.write(chr(int(name[i:i + 2], 16)))
82 """Encode S as base64, without newlines, and trimming `=' padding."""
83 return s.encode('base64').replace('\n', '').rstrip('=')
85 """Decode S as base64 with trimmed `=' padding."""
86 return (s + '='*((4 - len(s))%4)).decode('base64')
88 def _enc_metaval(val):
89 """Encode VAL as a metadata item value, returning the result."""
90 if _literalp(val): return val
91 else: return '?' + _b64(val)
93 def _dec_metaval(val):
94 """Decode VAL as a metadata item value, returning the result."""
95 if not val.startswith('?'): return val
96 else: return _unb64(val[1:])
98 ###--------------------------------------------------------------------------
99 ### Underlying cryptography.
101 class DecryptError (Exception):
103 I represent a failure to decrypt a message.
105 Usually this means that someone used the wrong key, though it can also
106 mean that a ciphertext has been modified.
110 class Crypto (object):
112 I represent a symmetric crypto transform.
114 There's currently only one transform implemented, which is the obvious
115 generic-composition construction: given a message m, and keys K0 and K1, we
116 choose an IV v, and compute:
118 * y = v || E(K0, v; m)
121 The final ciphertext is t || y.
124 def __init__(me, c, h, m, ck, mk):
126 Initialize the Crypto object with a given algorithm selection and keys.
128 We need a GCipher subclass C, a GHash subclass H, a GMAC subclass M, and
129 keys CK and MK for C and M respectively.
137 Encrypt the message PT and return the resulting ciphertext.
139 blksz = me.c.__class__.blksz
142 iv = _C.rand.block(blksz)
145 b.put(me.c.encrypt(pt))
146 t = me.m().hash(b).done()
147 return t + str(buffer(b))
151 Decrypt the ciphertext CT, returning the plaintext.
153 Raises DecryptError if anything goes wrong.
155 blksz = me.c.__class__.blksz
156 tagsz = me.m.__class__.tagsz
157 b = _C.ReadBuffer(ct)
166 if t != h.done(): raise DecryptError
167 return me.c.decrypt(x)
171 I represent a crypto transform whose keys are derived from a passphrase.
173 The password is salted and hashed; the salt is available as the `salt'
177 def __init__(me, pp, c, h, m, salt = None):
179 Initialize the PPK object with a passphrase and algorithm selection.
181 We want a passphrase PP, a GCipher subclass C, a GHash subclass H, a GMAC
182 subclass M, and a SALT. The SALT may be None, if we're generating new
183 keys, indicating that a salt should be chosen randomly.
185 if not salt: salt = _C.rand.block(h.hashsz)
186 tag = '%s\0%s' % (pp, salt)
187 Crypto.__init__(me, c, h, m,
188 h().hash('cipher:' + tag).done(),
189 h().hash('mac:' + tag).done())
192 ###--------------------------------------------------------------------------
195 class StorageBackendRefusal (Exception):
197 I signify that a StorageBackend subclass has refused to open a file.
199 This is used by the StorageBackend.open class method.
203 class StorageBackendClass (type):
205 I am a metaclass for StorageBackend classes.
207 My main feature is that I register my concrete instances (with a `NAME'
208 which is not `None') with the StorageBackend class.
210 def __init__(me, name, supers, dict):
212 Register a new concrete StorageBackend subclass.
214 super(StorageBackendClass, me).__init__(name, supers, dict)
215 if me.NAME is not None: StorageBackend.register_concrete_subclass(me)
217 class StorageBackend (object):
219 I provide basic protocol for password storage backends.
221 I'm an abstract class: you want one of my subclasses if you actually want
222 to do something useful. But I maintain a list of my subclasses and can
223 choose an appropriate one to open a database file you've found lying about.
225 Backends are responsible for storing and retrieving stuff, but not for the
226 cryptographic details. Backends need to store two kinds of information:
228 * metadata, consisting of a number of property names and their values;
231 * password mappings, consisting of a number of binary labels and
234 Backends need to implement the following ordinary methods. See the calling
235 methods for details of the subclass responsibilities.
237 BE._create(FILE) Create a new database in FILE; used by `create'.
239 BE._open(FILE, WRITEP)
240 Open the existing database FILE; used by `open'.
242 BE._close(ABRUPTP) Close the database, freeing up any resources. If
243 ABRUPTP then don't try to commit changes.
245 BE._get_meta(NAME, DEFAULT)
246 Return the value of the metadata item with the given
247 NAME, or DEFAULT if it doesn't exist; used by
250 BE._put_meta(NAME, VALUE)
251 Set the VALUE of the metadata item with the given
252 NAME, creating one if necessary; used by `put_meta'.
254 BE._del_meta(NAME) Forget the metadata item with the given NAME; raise
255 `KeyError' if there is no such item; used by
258 BE._iter_meta() Return an iterator over the metadata (NAME, VALUE)
259 pairs; used by `iter_meta'.
261 BE._get_passwd(LABEL)
262 Return the password payload stored with the (binary)
263 LABEL; used by `get_passwd'.
265 BE._put_passwd(LABEL, PAYLOAD)
266 Associate the (binary) PAYLOAD with the LABEL,
267 forgetting any previous payload for that LABEL; used
270 BE._del_passwd(LABEL) Forget the password record with the given LABEL; used
273 BE._iter_passwds() Return an iterator over the password (LABEL, PAYLOAD)
274 pairs; used by `iter_passwds'.
276 Also, concrete subclasses should define the following class attributes.
278 NAME The name of the backend, so that the user can select
279 it when creating a new database.
281 PRIO An integer priority: backends are tried in decreasing
282 priority order when opening an existing database.
285 __metaclass__ = StorageBackendClass
289 ## The registry of subclasses.
295 def register_concrete_subclass(sub):
296 """Register a concrete subclass, so that `open' can try it."""
297 StorageBackend.CLASSES[sub.NAME] = sub
302 Return the concrete subclass with the given NAME.
304 Raise `KeyError' if the name isn't found.
306 return StorageBackend.CLASSES[name]
310 """Return an iterator over the concrete subclasses."""
311 return StorageBackend.CLASSES.itervalues()
314 def open(file, writep = False):
315 """Open a database FILE, using some appropriate backend."""
317 for cls in sorted(StorageBackend.CLASSES.values(), reverse = True,
318 key = lambda cls: cls.PRIO):
319 try: return cls(file, writep)
320 except StorageBackendRefusal: pass
321 raise StorageBackendRefusal
324 def create(cls, file):
326 Create a new database in the named FILE, using this backend.
328 Subclasses must implement the `_create' instance method.
330 return cls(writep = True, _magic = lambda me: me._create(file))
332 def __init__(me, file = None, writep = False, _magic = None, *args, **kw):
336 Subclasses are not, in general, expected to override this: there's a
337 somewhat hairy protocol between the constructor and some of the class
338 methods. Instead, the main hook for customization is the subclass's
339 `_open' method, which is invoked in the usual case.
341 super(StorageBackend, me).__init__(*args, **kw)
342 if me.NAME is None: raise ValueError, 'abstract class'
343 if _magic is not None: _magic(me)
344 elif file is None: raise ValueError, 'missing file parameter'
345 else: me._open(file, writep)
349 def close(me, abruptp = False):
353 It is harmless to attempt to close a database which has been closed
354 already. Calls the subclass's `_close' method.
363 """Raise an error if the receiver has been closed."""
364 if not me._livep: raise ValueError, 'database is closed'
366 def _check_write(me):
367 """Raise an error if the receiver is not open for writing."""
369 if not me._writep: raise ValueError, 'database is read-only'
371 def _check_meta_name(me, name):
373 Raise an error unless NAME is a valid name for a metadata item.
375 Metadata names may not start with `$': such names are reserved for
378 if name.startswith('$'):
379 raise ValueError, "invalid metadata key `%s'" % name
384 """Context protocol: make sure the database is closed on exit."""
386 def __exit__(me, exctype, excvalue, exctb):
387 """Context protocol: see `__enter__'."""
388 me.close(excvalue is not None)
392 def get_meta(me, name, default = FAIL):
394 Fetch the value for the metadata item NAME.
396 If no such item exists, then return DEFAULT if that was set; otherwise
399 This calls the subclass's `_get_meta' method, which should return the
400 requested item or return the given DEFAULT value. It may assume that the
401 name is valid and the database is open.
403 me._check_meta_name(name)
405 value = me._get_meta(name, default)
406 if value is StorageBackend.FAIL: raise KeyError, name
409 def put_meta(me, name, value):
411 Store VALUE in the metadata item called NAME.
413 This calls the subclass's `_put_meta' method, which may assume that the
414 name is valid and the database is open for writing.
416 me._check_meta_name(name)
418 me._put_meta(name, value)
420 def del_meta(me, name):
422 Forget about the metadata item with the given NAME.
424 This calls the subclass's `_del_meta' method, which may assume that the
425 name is valid and the database is open for writing.
427 me._check_meta_name(name)
433 Return an iterator over the name/value metadata items.
435 This calls the subclass's `_iter_meta' method, which may assume that the
439 return me._iter_meta()
441 def get_passwd(me, label):
443 Fetch and return the payload stored with the (opaque, binary) LABEL.
445 If there is no such payload then raise `KeyError'.
447 This calls the subclass's `_get_passwd' method, which may assume that the
451 return me._get_passwd(label)
453 def put_passwd(me, label, payload):
455 Associate the (opaque, binary) PAYLOAD with the (opaque, binary) LABEL.
457 Any previous payload for LABEL is forgotten.
459 This calls the subclass's `_put_passwd' method, which may assume that the
460 database is open for writing.
463 me._put_passwd(label, payload)
465 def del_passwd(me, label):
467 Forget any PAYLOAD associated with the (opaque, binary) LABEL.
469 If there is no such payload then raise `KeyError'.
471 This calls the subclass's `_del_passwd' method, which may assume that the
472 database is open for writing.
475 me._del_passwd(label, payload)
477 def iter_passwds(me):
479 Return an iterator over the stored password label/payload pairs.
481 This calls the subclass's `_iter_passwds' method, which may assume that
482 the database is open.
485 return me._iter_passwds()
487 try: import gdbm as _G
488 except ImportError: pass
490 class GDBMStorageBackend (StorageBackend):
492 My instances store password data in a GDBM database.
494 Metadata and password entries are mixed into the same database. The key
495 for a metadata item is simply its name; the key for a password entry is
496 the entry's label prefixed by `$', since we're guaranteed that no
497 metadata item name begins with `$'.
502 def _open(me, file, writep):
503 try: me._db = _G.open(file, writep and 'w' or 'r')
504 except _G.error, e: raise StorageBackendRefusal, e
506 def _create(me, file):
507 me._db = _G.open(file, 'n', 0600)
509 def _close(me, abruptp):
513 def _get_meta(me, name, default):
514 try: return me._db[name]
515 except KeyError: return default
517 def _put_meta(me, name, value):
520 def _del_meta(me, name):
524 k = me._db.firstkey()
526 if not k.startswith('$'): yield k, me._db[k]
527 k = me._db.nextkey(k)
529 def _get_passwd(me, label):
530 return me._db['$' + label]
532 def _put_passwd(me, label, payload):
533 me._db['$' + label] = payload
535 def _del_passwd(me, label):
536 del me._db['$' + label]
538 def _iter_passwds(me):
539 k = me._db.firstkey()
541 if k.startswith('$'): yield k[1:], me._db[k]
542 k = me._db.nextkey(k)
544 try: import sqlite3 as _Q
545 except ImportError: pass
547 class SQLiteStorageBackend (StorageBackend):
549 I represent a password database stored in SQLite.
551 Metadata and password items are stored in separate tables, so there's no
552 conflict. Some additional metadata is stored in the `meta' table, with
553 names beginning with `$' so as not to conflict with clients:
555 $version The schema version of the table.
561 def _open(me, file, writep):
563 me._db = _Q.connect(file)
564 ver = me._query_scalar(
565 "SELECT value FROM meta WHERE name = '$version'",
567 except (_Q.DatabaseError, _Q.OperationalError), e:
568 raise StorageBackendRefusal, e
569 if ver is None: raise ValueError, 'database broken (missing $version)'
570 elif ver < me.VERSION: me._upgrade(ver)
571 elif ver > me.VERSION:
572 raise ValueError, 'unknown database schema version (%d > %d)' % \
575 def _create(me, file):
576 fd = _OS.open(file, _OS.O_WRONLY | _OS.O_CREAT | _OS.O_EXCL, 0600)
579 me._db = _Q.connect(file)
583 name TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
584 value BLOB NOT NULL);
587 CREATE TABLE passwd (
588 label BLOB PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
589 payload BLOB NOT NULL);
592 INSERT INTO meta (name, value) VALUES ('$version', ?);
595 try: _OS.unlink(file)
599 def _upgrade(me, ver):
600 """Upgrade the database from schema version VER."""
601 assert False, 'how embarrassing'
603 def _close(me, abruptp):
604 if not abruptp: me._db.commit()
608 def _fetch_scalar(me, c, what, default = None):
610 except StopIteration: val = default
613 except StopIteration: pass
614 else: raise ValueError, 'multiple matching records for %s' % what
617 def _query_scalar(me, query, what, default = None, args = []):
619 c.execute(query, args)
620 return me._fetch_scalar(c, what, default)
622 def _get_meta(me, name, default):
623 v = me._query_scalar("SELECT value FROM meta WHERE name = ?",
624 "metadata item `%s'" % name,
625 default = default, args = [name])
626 if v is default: return v
629 def _put_meta(me, name, value):
631 c.execute("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO meta (name, value) VALUES (?, ?)",
632 [name, buffer(value)])
634 def _del_meta(me, name):
636 c.execute("DELETE FROM meta WHERE name = ?", [name])
637 if not c.rowcount: raise KeyError, name
641 c.execute("SELECT name, value FROM meta WHERE name NOT LIKE '$%'")
642 for k, v in c: yield k, str(v)
644 def _get_passwd(me, label):
645 pld = me._query_scalar("SELECT payload FROM passwd WHERE label = ?",
646 "password", default = None,
647 args = [buffer(label)])
648 if pld is None: raise KeyError, label
651 def _put_passwd(me, label, payload):
653 c.execute("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO passwd (label, payload) "
655 [buffer(label), buffer(payload)])
657 def _del_passwd(me, label):
659 c.execute("DELETE FROM passwd WHERE label = ?", [label])
660 if not c.rowcount: raise KeyError, label
662 def _iter_passwds(me):
664 c.execute("SELECT label, payload FROM passwd")
665 for k, v in c: yield str(k), str(v)
667 class PlainTextBackend (StorageBackend):
669 I'm a utility base class for storage backends which use plain text files.
671 I provide subclasses with the following capabilities.
673 * Creating files, with given modes, optionally ensuring that the file
674 doesn't exist already.
676 * Parsing flat text files, checking leading magic, skipping comments, and
677 providing standard encodings of troublesome characters and binary
678 strings in metadata and password records. See below.
680 * Maintenance of metadata and password records in in-memory dictionaries,
681 with ready implementations of the necessary StorageBackend subclass
682 responsibility methods. (Subclasses can override these if they want to
683 make different arrangements.)
685 Metadata records are written with an optional prefix string chosen by the
686 caller, followed by a `NAME=VALUE' pair. The NAME is form-urlencoded and
687 prefixed with `!' if it contains strange characters; the VALUE is base64-
688 encoded (without the pointless trailing `=' padding) and prefixed with `?'
691 Password records are written with an optional prefix string chosen by the
692 caller, followed by a LABEL=PAYLOAD pair, both of which are base64-encoded
695 The following attributes are available for subclasses:
697 _meta Dictionary mapping metadata item names to their values.
698 Populated by `_parse_meta' and managed by `_get_meta' and
701 _pw Dictionary mapping password labels to encrypted payloads.
702 Populated by `_parse_passwd' and managed by `_get_passwd' and
705 _dirtyp Boolean: set if either of the dictionaries has been modified.
708 def __init__(me, *args, **kw):
710 Hook for initialization.
712 Sets up the published instance attributes.
717 super(PlainTextBackend, me).__init__(*args, **kw)
719 def _create_file(me, file, mode = 0600, freshp = False):
721 Make sure FILE exists, creating it with the given MODE if necessary.
723 If FRESHP is true, then make sure the file did not exist previously.
724 Return a file object for the newly created file.
726 flags = _OS.O_CREAT | _OS.O_WRONLY
727 if freshp: flags |= _OS.O_EXCL
728 else: flags |= _OS.O_TRUNC
729 fd = _OS.open(file, flags, mode)
730 return _OS.fdopen(fd, 'w')
734 Set the `_dirtyp' flag.
736 Subclasses might find it useful to intercept this method.
740 def _eqsplit(me, line):
742 Extract the KEY, VALUE pair from a LINE of the form `KEY=VALUE'.
744 Raise `ValueError' if there is no `=' in the LINE.
747 return line[:eq], line[eq + 1:]
749 def _parse_file(me, file, magic = None):
755 * Raise `StorageBackendRefusal' if that the first line doesn't match
756 MAGIC (if provided). MAGIC should not contain the terminating
759 * Ignore comments (beginning `#') and blank lines.
761 * Call `_parse_line' (provided by the subclass) for other lines.
763 with open(file, 'r') as f:
764 if magic is not None:
765 if f.readline().rstrip('\n') != magic: raise StorageBackendRefusal
767 line = line.rstrip('\n')
768 if not line or line.startswith('#'): continue
771 def _write_file(me, file, writebody, mode = 0600, magic = None):
773 Update FILE atomically.
775 The newly created file will have the given MODE. If MAGIC is given, then
776 write that as the first line. Calls WRITEBODY(F) to write the main body
777 of the file where F is a file object for the new file.
780 with me._create_file(new, mode) as f:
781 if magic is not None: f.write(magic + '\n')
783 _OS.rename(new, file)
785 def _parse_meta(me, line):
786 """Parse LINE as a metadata NAME=VALUE pair, and updates `_meta'."""
787 k, v = me._eqsplit(line)
788 me._meta[_dec_metaname(k)] = _dec_metaval(v)
790 def _write_meta(me, f, prefix = ''):
791 """Write the metadata records to F, each with the given PREFIX."""
792 f.write('\n## Metadata.\n')
793 for k, v in me._meta.iteritems():
794 f.write('%s%s=%s\n' % (prefix, _enc_metaname(k), _enc_metaval(v)))
796 def _get_meta(me, name, default):
797 return me._meta.get(name, default)
798 def _put_meta(me, name, value):
800 me._meta[name] = value
801 def _del_meta(me, name):
805 return me._meta.iteritems()
807 def _parse_passwd(me, line):
808 """Parse LINE as a password LABEL=PAYLOAD pair, and updates `_pw'."""
809 k, v = me._eqsplit(line)
810 me._pw[_unb64(k)] = _unb64(v)
812 def _write_passwd(me, f, prefix = ''):
813 """Write the password records to F, each with the given PREFIX."""
814 f.write('\n## Password data.\n')
815 for k, v in me._pw.iteritems():
816 f.write('%s%s=%s\n' % (prefix, _b64(k), _b64(v)))
818 def _get_passwd(me, label):
819 return me._pw[str(label)]
820 def _put_passwd(me, label, payload):
822 me._pw[str(label)] = payload
823 def _del_passwd(me, label):
825 del me._pw[str(label)]
826 def _iter_passwds(me):
827 return me._pw.iteritems()
829 class FlatFileStorageBackend (PlainTextBackend):
831 I maintain a password database in a plain text file.
833 The text file consists of lines, as follows.
835 * Empty lines, and lines beginning with `#' (in the leftmost column only)
838 * Lines of the form `$LABEL=PAYLOAD' store password data. Both LABEL and
839 PAYLOAD are base64-encoded, without `=' padding.
841 * Lines of the form `NAME=VALUE' store metadata. If the NAME contains
842 characters other than alphanumerics, hyphens, underscores, and colons,
843 then it is form-urlencoded, and prefixed wth `!'. If the VALUE
844 contains such characters, then it is base64-encoded, without `='
845 padding, and prefixed with `?'.
847 * Other lines are erroneous.
849 The file is rewritten from scratch when it's changed: any existing
850 commentary is lost, and items may be reordered. There is no file locking,
851 but the file is updated atomically, by renaming.
853 It is expected that the FlatFileStorageBackend is used mostly for
854 diagnostics and transfer, rather than for a live system.
859 MAGIC = '### pwsafe password database'
861 def _open(me, file, writep):
862 if not _OS.path.isfile(file): raise StorageBackendRefusal
863 me._parse_file(file, magic = me.MAGIC)
864 def _parse_line(me, line):
865 if line.startswith('$'): me._parse_passwd(line[1:])
866 else: me._parse_meta(line)
868 def _create(me, file):
869 with me._create_file(file, freshp = True) as f: pass
873 def _close(me, abruptp):
874 if not abruptp and me._dirtyp:
875 me._write_file(me._file, me._write_body, magic = me.MAGIC)
877 def _write_body(me, f):
879 me._write_passwd(f, '$')
881 class DirectoryStorageBackend (PlainTextBackend):
883 I maintain a password database in a directory, with one file per password.
885 This makes password databases easy to maintain in a revision-control system
888 The directory is structured as follows.
890 dir/meta Contains metadata, similar to the `FlatFileBackend'.
892 dir/pw/LABEL Contains the (raw binary) payload for the given password
893 LABEL (base64-encoded, without the useless `=' padding, and
894 with `/' replaced by `.').
896 dir/tmp/ Contains temporary files used by the implementation.
900 METAMAGIC = '### pwsafe password directory metadata'
902 def _open(me, file, writep):
903 if not _OS.path.isdir(file) or \
904 not _OS.path.isdir(_OS.path.join(file, 'pw')) or \
905 not _OS.path.isdir(_OS.path.join(file, 'tmp')) or \
906 not _OS.path.isfile(_OS.path.join(file, 'meta')):
907 raise StorageBackendRefusal
909 me._parse_file(_OS.path.join(file, 'meta'), magic = me.METAMAGIC)
910 def _parse_line(me, line):
913 def _create(me, file):
914 _OS.mkdir(file, 0700)
915 _OS.mkdir(_OS.path.join(file, 'pw'), 0700)
916 _OS.mkdir(_OS.path.join(file, 'tmp'), 0700)
920 def _close(me, abruptp):
921 if not abruptp and me._dirtyp:
922 me._write_file(_OS.path.join(me._dir, 'meta'),
923 me._write_meta, magic = me.METAMAGIC)
925 def _pwfile(me, label, dir = 'pw'):
926 return _OS.path.join(me._dir, dir, _b64(label).replace('/', '.'))
927 def _get_passwd(me, label):
929 f = open(me._pwfile(label), 'rb')
930 except (OSError, IOError), e:
931 if e.errno == _E.ENOENT: raise KeyError, label
933 with f: return f.read()
934 def _put_passwd(me, label, payload):
935 new = me._pwfile(label, 'tmp')
936 fd = _OS.open(new, _OS.O_WRONLY | _OS.O_CREAT | _OS.O_TRUNC, 0600)
938 with open(new, 'wb') as f: f.write(payload)
939 _OS.rename(new, me._pwfile(label))
940 def _del_passwd(me, label):
942 _OS.remove(me._pwfile(label))
943 except (OSError, IOError), e:
944 if e == _E.ENOENT: raise KeyError, label
946 def _iter_passwds(me):
947 pw = _OS.path.join(me._dir, 'pw')
948 for i in _OS.listdir(pw):
949 with open(_OS.path.join(pw, i), 'rb') as f: pld = f.read()
950 yield _unb64(i.replace('.', '/')), pld
952 ###--------------------------------------------------------------------------
953 ### Password storage.
957 I represent a secure (ish) password store.
959 I can store short secrets, associated with textual names, in a way which
960 doesn't leak too much information about them.
962 I implement (some of) the Python mapping protocol.
964 I keep track of everything using a StorageBackend object. This contains
965 password entries, identified by cryptographic labels, and a number of
968 cipher Names the Catacomb cipher selected.
970 hash Names the Catacomb hash function selected.
972 key Cipher and MAC keys, each prefixed by a 16-bit big-endian
973 length and concatenated, encrypted using the master
976 mac Names the Catacomb message authentication code selected.
978 magic A magic string for obscuring password tag names.
980 salt The salt for hashing the passphrase.
982 tag The master passphrase's tag, for the Pixie's benefit.
984 Password entries are assigned labels of the form `$' || H(MAGIC || TAG);
985 the corresponding value consists of a pair (TAG, PASSWD), prefixed with
986 16-bit lengths, concatenated, padded to a multiple of 256 octets, and
987 encrypted using the stored keys.
990 def __init__(me, file, writep = False):
992 Initialize a PW object from the database in FILE.
994 If WRITEP is false (the default) then the database is opened read-only;
995 if true then it may be written. Requests the database password from the
996 Pixie, which may cause interaction.
999 ## Open the database.
1000 me.db = StorageBackend.open(file, writep)
1002 ## Find out what crypto to use.
1003 c = _C.gcciphers[me.db.get_meta('cipher')]
1004 h = _C.gchashes[me.db.get_meta('hash')]
1005 m = _C.gcmacs[me.db.get_meta('mac')]
1007 ## Request the passphrase and extract the master keys.
1008 tag = me.db.get_meta('tag')
1009 ppk = PPK(_C.ppread(tag), c, h, m, me.db.get_meta('salt'))
1011 b = _C.ReadBuffer(ppk.decrypt(me.db.get_meta('key')))
1012 except DecryptError:
1015 me.ck = b.getblk16()
1016 me.mk = b.getblk16()
1017 if not b.endp: raise ValueError, 'trailing junk'
1019 ## Set the key, and stash it and the tag-hashing secret.
1020 me.k = Crypto(c, h, m, me.ck, me.mk)
1021 me.magic = me.k.decrypt(me.db.get_meta('magic'))
1024 def create(cls, dbcls, file, tag, c, h, m):
1026 Create and initialize a new database FILE using StorageBackend DBCLS.
1028 We want a GCipher subclass C, a GHash subclass H, and a GMAC subclass M;
1029 and a Pixie passphrase TAG.
1031 This doesn't return a working object: it just creates the database file
1032 and gets out of the way.
1035 ## Set up the cryptography.
1036 pp = _C.ppread(tag, _C.PMODE_VERIFY)
1037 ppk = PPK(pp, c, h, m)
1038 ck = _C.rand.block(c.keysz.default)
1039 mk = _C.rand.block(c.keysz.default)
1040 k = Crypto(c, h, m, ck, mk)
1042 ## Set up and initialize the database.
1043 kct = ppk.encrypt(_C.WriteBuffer().putblk16(ck).putblk16(mk))
1044 with dbcls.create(file) as db:
1045 db.put_meta('tag', tag)
1046 db.put_meta('salt', ppk.salt)
1047 db.put_meta('cipher', c.name)
1048 db.put_meta('hash', h.name)
1049 db.put_meta('mac', m.name)
1050 db.put_meta('key', kct)
1051 db.put_meta('magic', k.encrypt(_C.rand.block(h.hashsz)))
1053 def keyxform(me, key):
1054 """Transform the KEY (actually a password tag) into a password label."""
1055 return me.k.h().hash(me.magic).hash(key).done()
1059 Change the database password.
1061 Requests the new password from the Pixie, which will probably cause
1064 tag = me.db.get_meta('tag')
1066 ppk = PPK(_C.ppread(tag, _C.PMODE_VERIFY),
1067 me.k.c.__class__, me.k.h, me.k.m.__class__)
1068 kct = ppk.encrypt(_C.WriteBuffer().putblk16(me.ck).putblk16(me.mk))
1069 me.db.put_meta('key', kct)
1070 me.db.put_meta('salt', ppk.salt)
1072 def pack(me, key, value):
1073 """Pack the KEY and VALUE into a ciphertext, and return it."""
1074 b = _C.WriteBuffer()
1075 b.putblk16(key).putblk16(value)
1076 b.zero(((b.size + 255) & ~255) - b.size)
1077 return me.k.encrypt(b)
1081 Unpack a ciphertext CT and return a (KEY, VALUE) pair.
1083 Might raise DecryptError, of course.
1085 b = _C.ReadBuffer(me.k.decrypt(ct))
1087 value = b.getblk16()
1090 ## Mapping protocol.
1092 def __getitem__(me, key):
1093 """Return the password for the given KEY."""
1094 try: return me.unpack(me.db.get_passwd(me.keyxform(key)))[1]
1095 except KeyError: raise KeyError, key
1097 def __setitem__(me, key, value):
1098 """Associate the password VALUE with the KEY."""
1099 me.db.put_passwd(me.keyxform(key), me.pack(key, value))
1101 def __delitem__(me, key):
1102 """Forget all about the KEY."""
1103 try: me.db.del_passwd(me.keyxform(key))
1104 except KeyError: raise KeyError, key
1107 """Iterate over the known password tags."""
1108 for _, pld in me.db.iter_passwds():
1109 yield me.unpack(pld)[0]
1111 ## Context protocol.
1115 def __exit__(me, excty, excval, exctb):
1116 me.db.close(excval is not None)
1118 ###----- That's all, folks --------------------------------------------------