1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #include <sys/capability.h>
55 #include <linux/rtc.h>
67 #include "exit-status.h"
71 char **saved_argv = NULL;
73 size_t page_size(void) {
74 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
77 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
80 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
87 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
89 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
100 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
103 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
105 return timespec_load(&ts);
108 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
111 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
112 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
117 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
126 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
128 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
130 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
131 ts->monotonic -= delta;
139 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
143 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
144 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
147 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
150 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
151 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
156 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
160 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
161 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
164 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
167 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
168 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
173 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
180 pl = strlen(postfix);
188 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
191 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
206 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
209 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
225 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
226 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
233 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
248 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
252 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
255 int close_nointr(int fd) {
270 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
271 int saved_errno = errno;
273 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
276 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
281 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
284 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
285 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
288 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
291 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
293 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
299 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
300 unsigned long ul = 0;
307 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
312 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
322 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
323 unsigned long ul = 0;
330 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
335 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
342 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
350 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
352 if (!x || *x || errno)
353 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
355 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
358 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
362 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
370 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
372 if (!x || *x || errno)
373 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
375 if ((long) (int) l != l)
382 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
384 unsigned long long l;
390 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
392 if (!x || *x || errno)
393 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
399 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
407 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
409 if (!x || *x || errno)
410 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
416 /* Split a string into words. */
417 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
420 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
422 if (!*current || *c == 0)
425 current += strspn(current, separator);
426 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
429 return (char*) current;
432 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
433 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
434 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
436 bool escaped = false;
438 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
440 if (!*current || *c == 0)
443 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
445 if (*current == '\'') {
448 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
458 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
459 } else if (*current == '\"') {
462 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
472 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
474 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
479 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
486 return (char*) current;
489 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p) {
493 if (!(l = strv_split(p, ":")))
496 if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l)) {
504 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
507 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
513 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
516 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
519 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
520 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
527 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
528 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
529 * skip over it manually */
531 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
542 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
545 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
550 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
553 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
558 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
561 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
564 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
565 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
572 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
573 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
574 * skip over it manually */
576 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
597 "%*d " /* priority */
599 "%*d " /* num_threads */
600 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
601 "%llu " /* starttime */,
608 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
615 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we")))
619 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
624 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
642 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
647 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
653 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
661 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
665 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
668 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
673 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
684 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
700 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
703 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
712 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
738 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
745 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
748 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
754 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) {
759 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
766 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
772 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
787 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
811 const char *separator, ...) {
814 char *contents = NULL, *p;
819 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
824 const char *key = NULL;
826 p += strspn(p, separator);
827 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
832 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
836 va_start(ap, separator);
837 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
841 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
844 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
849 n = strcspn(p, separator);
852 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
854 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
865 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
882 p += strcspn(p, separator);
901 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
905 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
908 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
921 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
924 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
925 log_error("Out of memory");
930 t = strv_append(m, u);
934 log_error("Out of memory");
957 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
962 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
966 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
982 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
997 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
1000 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
1004 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1010 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
1013 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1016 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
1023 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
1030 assert(max_length > 0);
1034 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1037 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1047 r = new(char, max_length);
1055 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1077 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1078 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1085 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1095 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1099 r = join("[", t, "]", NULL);
1110 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1120 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1129 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1133 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1136 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1141 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1147 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1150 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1153 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1160 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1170 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1180 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1182 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1192 if (startswith(l, "Uid:")) {
1194 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1196 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1198 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1211 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1219 return strndup(suffix, b);
1229 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1233 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1239 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1240 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1243 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1253 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1256 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1262 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1273 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1280 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1283 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1293 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1300 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1304 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1311 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1316 int parent_of_path(const char *path, char **_r) {
1317 const char *e, *a = NULL, *b = NULL, *p;
1327 for (e = path; *e; e++) {
1329 if (!slash && *e == '/') {
1333 } else if (slash && *e != '/')
1348 r = strndup(path, p-path);
1358 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p) {
1363 if ((r = strrchr(p, '/')))
1369 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) {
1375 bool is_path(const char *p) {
1377 return !!strchr(p, '/');
1380 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) {
1383 /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
1384 * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
1386 if (path_is_absolute(p) || !prefix)
1389 return join(prefix, "/", p, NULL);
1392 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p) {
1397 /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
1398 * current working directory. */
1400 if (path_is_absolute(p))
1403 if (!(cwd = get_current_dir_name()))
1406 r = path_make_absolute(p, cwd);
1412 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) {
1415 /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
1416 * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
1417 * changes on failure. */
1419 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1422 if (!(t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s)))
1432 char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l) {
1435 bool enomem = false;
1437 if (strv_isempty(l))
1440 /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
1441 * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
1442 * changes on failure. */
1444 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1447 t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s);
1456 u = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1460 if (errno == ENOMEM || !errno)
1477 char **strv_path_remove_empty(char **l) {
1483 for (f = t = l; *f; f++) {
1485 if (dir_is_empty(*f) > 0) {
1497 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1500 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1501 struct sigaction sa;
1503 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1507 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1508 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1510 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1511 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1512 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1513 if (errno != EINVAL)
1520 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1523 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1524 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1526 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1528 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1529 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1537 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1540 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1542 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1543 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1554 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1560 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1561 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1567 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1574 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1575 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1578 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1579 return strdup(filename);
1581 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1582 return strdup(filename);
1584 k = strlen(filename);
1585 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1588 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1589 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1594 int safe_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
1597 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) >= 0)
1598 if (chmod_and_chown(path, mode, uid, gid) < 0)
1601 if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
1604 if ((st.st_mode & 0777) != mode ||
1607 !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1616 int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1621 /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
1624 p = path + strspn(path, "/");
1629 e = p + strcspn(p, "/");
1630 p = e + strspn(e, "/");
1632 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
1637 if (!(t = strndup(path, e - path)))
1640 r = label_mkdir(t, mode);
1643 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1648 int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1653 if ((r = mkdir_parents(path, mode)) < 0)
1656 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1662 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1671 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1672 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1678 /* Skip last component */
1679 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1682 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1683 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1689 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1692 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1701 if (errno != ENOENT)
1709 char hexchar(int x) {
1710 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1712 return table[x & 15];
1715 int unhexchar(char c) {
1717 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1720 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1721 return c - 'a' + 10;
1723 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1724 return c - 'A' + 10;
1729 char octchar(int x) {
1730 return '0' + (x & 7);
1733 int unoctchar(char c) {
1735 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1741 char decchar(int x) {
1742 return '0' + (x % 10);
1745 int undecchar(char c) {
1747 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1753 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1759 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1761 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1)))
1764 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1810 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1811 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1812 * g_strescape() does the same */
1813 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1815 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1816 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1817 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1828 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1834 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1836 r = new(char, length+1);
1840 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1883 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1888 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1891 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1892 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1894 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1895 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1899 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1914 /* octal encoding */
1917 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1918 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1919 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1921 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1922 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1926 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1934 /* premature end of string.*/
1939 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1951 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1952 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1955 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1959 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1960 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1963 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1966 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1968 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1969 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1972 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1973 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1983 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1989 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1990 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1992 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1995 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1997 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1998 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1999 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
2001 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
2002 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
2012 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
2017 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
2020 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
2025 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
2026 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
2027 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
2030 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
2042 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path) {
2046 /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
2047 * passed string in-place.
2049 * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
2052 for (f = path, t = path; *f; f++) {
2067 /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
2068 trailing slash is good */
2070 if (t == path && slash)
2077 bool path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) {
2081 if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/'))
2087 path += strspn(path, "/");
2088 prefix += strspn(prefix, "/");
2096 a = strcspn(path, "/");
2097 b = strcspn(prefix, "/");
2102 if (memcmp(path, prefix, a) != 0)
2110 bool path_equal(const char *a, const char *b) {
2114 if ((a[0] == '/') != (b[0] == '/'))
2120 a += strspn(a, "/");
2121 b += strspn(b, "/");
2123 if (*a == 0 && *b == 0)
2126 if (*a == 0 || *b == 0)
2129 j = strcspn(a, "/");
2130 k = strcspn(b, "/");
2135 if (memcmp(a, b, j) != 0)
2143 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
2148 for (p = t; *p; p++)
2149 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
2150 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
2155 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
2159 filename[0] == '.' ||
2160 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
2161 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
2162 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
2163 endswith(filename, "~") ||
2164 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
2165 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
2166 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
2167 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
2168 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
2169 endswith(filename, ".swp");
2172 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
2177 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
2181 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
2183 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
2185 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
2191 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
2196 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
2200 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
2202 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
2204 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
2210 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
2215 if (!(d = opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
2218 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
2221 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
2224 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
2225 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
2239 for (i = 0; i < n_except; i++)
2240 if (except[i] == fd) {
2249 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
2250 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
2251 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
2260 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
2263 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
2264 for (p = a; *p; p++)
2271 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2281 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
2283 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
2289 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2292 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2294 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
2299 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
2300 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
2301 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
2302 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
2303 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
2304 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
2305 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
2306 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
2307 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
2308 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
2309 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
2310 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
2311 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
2312 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
2313 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
2314 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
2315 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
2316 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
2317 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
2318 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
2319 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
2320 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
2321 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
2322 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2323 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2324 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
2325 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2326 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2327 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
2328 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
2329 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
2330 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
2331 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
2332 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
2333 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
2334 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
2335 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
2337 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
2338 (unsigned long long) d);
2340 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2346 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2347 static const struct {
2351 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2352 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2353 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2354 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2355 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2356 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2366 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2370 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2375 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2377 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2381 if (t < table[i].usec)
2387 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2388 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2401 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2402 static const char * const table[] = {
2414 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2415 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2424 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2429 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2433 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) {
2438 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2441 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2445 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2449 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2450 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2452 char line[LINE_MAX];
2457 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2458 new_termios = old_termios;
2460 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2461 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2462 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2464 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2467 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2468 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2469 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2474 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2476 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2482 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2489 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2490 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2493 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2498 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2508 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2515 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2521 bool need_nl = true;
2524 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2531 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2535 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2538 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2539 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2550 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2555 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2559 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2560 struct termios termios;
2563 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2567 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2568 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2569 * interfere with that. */
2571 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2572 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2574 /* Switch to text mode */
2576 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2578 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2579 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2581 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2586 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2587 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2588 * else will do that for us */
2590 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2591 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2592 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2593 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2594 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2596 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2597 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2598 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2599 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2600 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2601 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2602 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2603 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2604 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2605 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2606 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2607 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2608 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2610 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2611 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2613 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2617 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2618 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2623 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2626 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2630 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2631 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2636 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2641 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2642 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2643 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2644 * retrying a couple of times.
2646 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2650 if ((fd = open(name, mode)) >= 0)
2659 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2666 if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
2667 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2672 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2679 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2680 struct pollfd pollfd;
2684 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2691 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2702 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2707 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2718 int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) {
2719 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2723 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2724 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2725 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2727 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2728 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2729 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2730 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2731 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2732 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2733 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2734 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2736 if (!fail && !force) {
2737 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2742 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
2750 if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
2753 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2754 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2755 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2756 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2759 /* First, try to get the tty */
2760 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2762 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2763 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2764 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2765 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2768 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2778 assert(notify >= 0);
2781 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2783 struct inotify_event *e;
2785 if ((l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) {
2794 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2799 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2804 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2805 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2807 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2814 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2815 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2816 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2817 * an endless loop. */
2818 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2822 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2824 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2826 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2832 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2835 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2840 int release_terminal(void) {
2842 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2844 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2847 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2848 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2851 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2852 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2853 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2855 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2858 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2860 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2864 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2869 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2870 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2877 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2878 struct sigaction sa;
2883 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2884 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2886 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2890 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2891 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2898 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2899 struct sigaction sa;
2904 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2905 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2907 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2911 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2912 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2919 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2925 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2930 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2934 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2937 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2946 while (nbytes > 0) {
2949 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2951 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2954 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2955 struct pollfd pollfd;
2959 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2961 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2965 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2968 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2969 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2974 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2985 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2994 while (nbytes > 0) {
2997 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
3000 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
3003 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
3004 struct pollfd pollfd;
3008 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
3010 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
3014 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
3017 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
3018 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
3023 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
3034 int path_is_mount_point(const char *t, bool allow_symlink) {
3045 if (errno == ENOENT)
3051 r = parent_of_path(t, &parent);
3055 r = lstat(parent, &b);
3061 return a.st_dev != b.st_dev;
3064 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
3065 static const struct {
3069 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
3070 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
3071 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
3072 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
3073 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
3074 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
3075 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
3076 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
3077 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
3078 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
3081 { "", USEC_PER_SEC },
3097 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
3108 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
3110 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
3111 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
3112 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
3113 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
3117 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
3127 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
3128 static const struct {
3134 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
3135 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3136 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3137 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3138 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3155 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
3166 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
3168 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
3169 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
3170 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
3171 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
3175 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
3185 int make_stdio(int fd) {
3190 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
3191 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
3192 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
3195 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3197 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
3200 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
3201 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
3202 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
3207 int make_null_stdio(void) {
3210 if ((null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3213 return make_stdio(null_fd);
3216 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
3218 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
3219 * sysfs or in /dev */
3222 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
3223 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
3226 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
3229 struct dirent buf, *de;
3231 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
3235 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
3245 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
3255 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
3260 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3263 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
3264 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3266 if (r != sizeof(ull))
3272 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
3275 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
3278 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
3279 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
3280 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
3281 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
3282 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
3283 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
3286 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3288 if (program_invocation_name)
3289 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3291 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3295 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3297 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3301 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3306 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3313 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3314 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3318 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3321 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3324 return strdup(u.nodename);
3326 return strdup(u.sysname);
3329 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3333 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3336 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3341 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3343 return strdup("root");
3345 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
3348 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
3351 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
3352 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
3359 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3365 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3366 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3371 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3376 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3383 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3387 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3390 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3392 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3399 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3401 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3402 unsigned long ttynr;
3405 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3408 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3413 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3414 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3421 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3431 "%*d " /* session */
3440 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3442 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3447 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3451 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3454 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3459 /* This is an ugly hack */
3460 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3461 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3471 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3472 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3473 * vaguely useful. */
3475 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3485 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3487 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3505 static int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky) {
3511 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3514 if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
3515 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3517 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3521 struct dirent buf, *de;
3522 bool is_dir, keep_around = false;
3525 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) != 0) {
3534 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3537 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3540 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3541 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3548 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3549 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3551 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3554 if (honour_sticky) {
3557 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3558 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3564 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3565 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3568 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3574 if ((subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3575 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3580 if ((r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky)) < 0) {
3586 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3587 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3591 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3593 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3594 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3605 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3611 if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3613 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3616 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3617 if (unlink(path) < 0)
3623 r = rm_rf_children(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky);
3627 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3630 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3639 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3642 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3643 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3644 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3646 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3647 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3650 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3651 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3657 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3660 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3661 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3662 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3664 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3667 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3673 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3677 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3680 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3683 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3684 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3694 if (errno != EINVAL)
3701 void status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3702 char *s = NULL, *spaces = NULL, *e;
3704 size_t emax, sl, left;
3705 struct iovec iovec[5];
3710 /* This independent of logging, as status messages are
3711 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3713 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3716 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3726 sl = 2 + 6 + 1; /* " [" status "]" */
3727 emax = (size_t) c > sl ? c - sl - 1 : 0;
3731 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3739 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3743 left = emax > sl ? emax - sl : 0;
3745 spaces = malloc(left);
3747 memset(spaces, ' ', left);
3748 iovec[n].iov_base = spaces;
3749 iovec[n].iov_len = left;
3756 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], " [");
3757 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3758 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "]\n");
3760 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3762 writev(fd, iovec, n);
3769 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3772 void status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3777 va_start(ap, format);
3778 status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3782 void status_welcome(void) {
3783 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3784 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3787 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3788 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3789 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3793 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3796 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3797 const_pretty = "Linux";
3799 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3804 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3805 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3806 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3812 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3819 const char *e, *word = format;
3824 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3835 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3844 } else if (*e == '$') {
3845 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3861 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3864 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3877 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3888 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3890 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3892 l = strv_length(argv);
3894 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3897 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3899 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3900 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3905 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3907 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3918 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3927 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3935 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3936 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3946 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3950 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3959 unsigned columns(void) {
3960 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3963 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0))
3964 return parsed_columns;
3966 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3968 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3970 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3971 parsed_columns = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3973 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3974 parsed_columns = 80;
3976 return parsed_columns;
3979 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3983 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3992 unsigned lines(void) {
3993 static __thread int parsed_lines = 0;
3996 if (_likely_(parsed_lines > 0))
3997 return parsed_lines;
3999 e = getenv("LINES");
4001 parsed_lines = atoi(e);
4003 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
4004 parsed_lines = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
4006 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
4009 return parsed_lines;
4012 int running_in_chroot(void) {
4018 /* Only works as root */
4020 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
4023 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
4027 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
4028 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
4031 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
4036 assert(percent <= 100);
4037 assert(new_length >= 3);
4039 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
4040 return strndup(s, old_length);
4042 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
4046 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
4048 if (x > new_length - 3)
4056 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
4057 new_length - x - 3);
4062 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
4063 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
4066 int touch(const char *path) {
4071 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
4074 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4078 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
4086 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
4087 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
4092 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
4093 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
4098 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
4104 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
4107 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
4112 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
4120 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
4129 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
4140 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
4152 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
4159 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
4160 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
4164 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
4165 if (status.si_status != 0) {
4166 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
4167 return status.si_status;
4170 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
4173 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
4174 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
4176 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
4180 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
4185 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
4187 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
4188 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
4196 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
4199 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
4202 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
4208 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
4213 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
4216 return null_or_empty(&st);
4219 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4223 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
4226 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
4227 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4234 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4238 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
4239 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4240 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4245 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4251 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4254 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4256 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4257 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4260 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4261 unsigned long long a, b;
4266 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4267 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4274 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4278 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4279 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4281 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
4283 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
4286 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4292 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
4301 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
4303 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
4306 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4312 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
4324 void filter_environ(const char *prefix) {
4331 for (i = 0, j = 0; environ[i]; i++) {
4333 if (startswith(environ[i], prefix))
4336 environ[j++] = environ[i];
4342 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4345 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4348 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4351 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4356 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4359 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4362 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4365 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4369 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4375 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4376 char *active = NULL;
4381 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4384 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to */
4385 if (streq(tty, "console"))
4386 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4387 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4388 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4389 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4402 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4405 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt100";
4408 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4411 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4414 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4415 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4416 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4422 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4425 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4428 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4431 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4434 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4438 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4439 * until all they all finished. */
4442 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4444 if (errno == ENOENT)
4447 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4454 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4455 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4459 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4464 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4467 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4468 log_error("Out of memory");
4472 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4473 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4492 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4493 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4496 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4498 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4499 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4504 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4505 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4510 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4515 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4519 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4520 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4521 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4522 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4524 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4526 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4537 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4540 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4543 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4551 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4557 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4558 if (streq(i, needle))
4564 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4565 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4568 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p, int *priority) {
4569 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
4579 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
4582 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
4583 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4585 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
4586 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4587 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4589 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
4590 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4591 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4592 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
4597 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0)
4600 *priority = a*100+b*10+c;
4604 void skip_syslog_pid(char **buf) {
4616 p += strspn(p, "0123456789");
4626 void skip_syslog_date(char **buf) {
4634 LETTER, LETTER, LETTER,
4636 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4638 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4640 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4642 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4654 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(sequence); i++, p++) {
4659 switch (sequence[i]) {
4666 case SPACE_OR_NUMBER:
4673 if (*p < '0' || *p > '9')
4679 if (!(*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') &&
4680 !(*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z'))
4696 int have_effective_cap(int value) {
4698 cap_flag_value_t fv;
4701 if (!(cap = cap_get_proc()))
4704 if (cap_get_flag(cap, value, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &fv) < 0)
4713 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4722 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4724 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4725 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4726 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4732 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4738 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4739 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4742 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4748 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4751 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4752 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4753 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4754 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4762 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4766 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4767 struct pollfd pollfd;
4772 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4774 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4781 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4784 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4785 struct pollfd pollfd;
4790 pollfd.events = event;
4792 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4799 return pollfd.revents;
4802 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4813 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4817 fn = file_name_from_path(path);
4821 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4823 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4829 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4842 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4845 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4851 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4854 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4858 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4859 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4864 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4868 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4869 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4870 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4872 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4875 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4876 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4877 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4879 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4884 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4885 "\033[H" /* move home */
4886 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4888 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4893 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4896 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4903 /* Try to deallocate */
4904 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4908 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4909 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4917 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4919 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4924 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4925 "\033[H" /* move home */
4926 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4928 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4933 static int files_add(Hashmap *h, const char *path, const char *suffix) {
4935 struct dirent buffer, *de;
4938 dir = opendir(path);
4940 if (errno == ENOENT)
4949 k = readdir_r(dir, &buffer, &de);
4958 if (!dirent_is_file_with_suffix(de, suffix))
4961 if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", path, de->d_name) < 0) {
4966 f = canonicalize_file_name(p);
4968 log_error("Failed to canonicalize file name '%s': %m", p);
4974 log_debug("found: %s\n", f);
4975 if (hashmap_put(h, file_name_from_path(f), f) <= 0)
4984 static int base_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {
4985 const char *s1, *s2;
4987 s1 = *(char * const *)a;
4988 s2 = *(char * const *)b;
4989 return strcmp(file_name_from_path(s1), file_name_from_path(s2));
4992 int conf_files_list(char ***strv, const char *suffix, const char *dir, ...) {
4995 char **files = NULL;
5001 dirs = strv_new_ap(dir, ap);
5007 if (!strv_path_canonicalize(dirs)) {
5011 if (!strv_uniq(dirs)) {
5016 fh = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
5022 STRV_FOREACH(p, dirs) {
5023 if (files_add(fh, *p, suffix) < 0) {
5024 log_error("Failed to search for files.");
5030 files = hashmap_get_strv(fh);
5031 if (files == NULL) {
5032 log_error("Failed to compose list of files.");
5037 qsort(files, hashmap_size(fh), sizeof(char *), base_cmp);
5046 int hwclock_is_localtime(void) {
5051 * The third line of adjtime is "UTC" or "LOCAL" or nothing.
5057 f = fopen("/etc/adjtime", "re");
5059 char line[LINE_MAX];
5062 b = fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) &&
5063 fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) &&
5064 fgets(line, sizeof(line), f);
5073 local = streq(line, "LOCAL");
5075 } else if (errno != -ENOENT)
5081 int hwclock_apply_localtime_delta(int *min) {
5082 const struct timeval *tv_null = NULL;
5088 assert_se(clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts) == 0);
5089 assert_se(tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec));
5090 minuteswest = tm->tm_gmtoff / 60;
5092 tz.tz_minuteswest = -minuteswest;
5093 tz.tz_dsttime = 0; /* DST_NONE*/
5096 * If the hardware clock does not run in UTC, but in local time:
5097 * The very first time we set the kernel's timezone, it will warp
5098 * the clock so that it runs in UTC instead of local time.
5100 if (settimeofday(tv_null, &tz) < 0)
5107 int hwclock_reset_localtime_delta(void) {
5108 const struct timeval *tv_null = NULL;
5111 tz.tz_minuteswest = 0;
5112 tz.tz_dsttime = 0; /* DST_NONE*/
5114 if (settimeofday(tv_null, &tz) < 0)
5120 int rtc_open(int flags) {
5124 /* First, we try to make use of the /dev/rtc symlink. If that
5125 * doesn't exist, we open the first RTC which has hctosys=1
5126 * set. If we don't find any we just take the first RTC that
5129 fd = open("/dev/rtc", flags);
5133 d = opendir("/sys/class/rtc");
5139 struct dirent buf, *de;
5142 r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de);
5149 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5152 p = join("/sys/class/rtc/", de->d_name, "/hctosys", NULL);
5158 r = read_one_line_file(p, &v);
5164 r = parse_boolean(v);
5170 p = strappend("/dev/", de->d_name);
5171 fd = open(p, flags);
5184 fd = open("/dev/rtc0", flags);
5191 int hwclock_get_time(struct tm *tm) {
5197 fd = rtc_open(O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
5201 /* This leaves the timezone fields of struct tm
5203 if (ioctl(fd, RTC_RD_TIME, tm) < 0)
5206 /* We don't now daylight saving, so we reset this in order not
5207 * to confused mktime(). */
5210 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5215 int hwclock_set_time(const struct tm *tm) {
5221 fd = rtc_open(O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
5225 if (ioctl(fd, RTC_SET_TIME, tm) < 0)
5228 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5233 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
5239 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5243 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
5245 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5253 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
5257 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5268 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
5270 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
5272 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5280 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5281 r = close_nointr(fdt);
5291 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from, const char *to) {
5292 char *pf = NULL, *pt = NULL;
5299 if (parent_of_path(from, &pf) < 0 ||
5300 parent_of_path(to, &pt) < 0) {
5305 if (stat(pf, &a) < 0 ||
5311 if (a.st_dev != b.st_dev) {
5315 return copy_file(from, to);
5318 if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
5332 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
5336 unsigned long long ull;
5343 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
5347 fn = file_name_from_path(to);
5351 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
5354 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
5355 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
5361 r = symlink_or_copy(from, t);
5368 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
5379 int audit_session_from_pid(pid_t pid, uint32_t *id) {
5386 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) <= 0)
5390 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/sessionid", &s);
5394 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/sessionid", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
5397 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5404 r = safe_atou32(s, &u);
5410 if (u == (uint32_t) -1 || u <= 0)
5417 int audit_loginuid_from_pid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
5424 /* Only use audit login uid if we are executed with sufficient
5425 * capabilities so that pam_loginuid could do its job. If we
5426 * are lacking the CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabality we most likely
5427 * are being run in a container and /proc/self/loginuid is
5428 * useless since it probably contains a uid of the host
5431 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) <= 0)
5435 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &s);
5439 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/loginuid", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
5442 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5449 r = parse_uid(s, &u);
5455 if (u == (uid_t) -1)
5462 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
5466 display[0] == ':' &&
5467 display[1] >= '0' &&
5471 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
5478 if (!display_is_local(display))
5481 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
5483 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
5487 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
5488 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
5496 int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
5503 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
5504 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5506 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
5520 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
5524 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
5525 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
5526 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
5527 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
5528 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
5530 *username = p->pw_name;
5533 p = getpwnam(*username);
5537 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5551 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
5557 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
5558 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5560 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
5561 *groupname = "root";
5569 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
5574 *groupname = g->gr_name;
5577 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
5581 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5589 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
5597 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
5599 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
5601 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
5604 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
5606 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
5613 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
5619 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
5622 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
5626 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
5627 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
5628 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
5629 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
5630 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
5631 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
5632 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
5638 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
5642 r = parent_of_path(path, &parent);
5648 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5649 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
5660 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
5668 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
5669 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
5677 struct dirent buffer, *de;
5680 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
5689 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
5691 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
5695 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
5699 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
5708 assert((unsigned) r < n);
5710 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5734 char *join(const char *x, ...) {
5747 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5770 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5784 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5785 static __thread int cached = 0;
5787 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5788 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5793 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5800 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5801 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5804 r = access(p, F_OK);
5812 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5813 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5816 r = access(p, F_OK);
5822 /* Get parent dev_t */
5823 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5826 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5832 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5838 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5839 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5842 r = access(p, F_OK);
5846 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5853 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5858 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5862 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5863 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5866 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5867 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5868 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5869 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5870 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5873 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5875 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5876 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5877 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5878 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5879 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5880 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5881 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5884 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5886 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5887 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5888 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5889 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5890 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5891 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5892 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5893 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5894 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5895 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5896 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5897 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5898 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5899 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5900 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5901 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5902 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5903 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5904 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5905 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5906 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5909 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5911 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5912 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5913 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5914 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5916 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5917 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5918 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5919 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5922 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5924 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5925 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5926 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5927 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5928 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5932 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5934 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5935 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5936 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5937 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5938 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5939 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5940 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5941 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5942 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5943 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5944 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5945 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5946 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5947 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5948 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5949 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5950 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5953 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5955 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5956 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5957 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5958 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5959 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5962 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5964 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5981 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5992 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5994 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
6000 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
6002 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
6003 static __thread char buf[12];
6006 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
6010 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
6011 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
6013 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
6018 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
6023 signo =__signal_from_string(s);
6027 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
6031 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
6032 signo = (int) u + offset;
6033 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
6039 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
6040 bool loaded = false;
6043 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
6051 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
6069 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
6071 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
6080 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
6087 unsigned long cap_last_cap(void) {
6088 static __thread unsigned long saved;
6089 static __thread bool valid = false;
6095 p = (unsigned long) CAP_LAST_CAP;
6097 if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, p) < 0) {
6099 /* Hmm, look downwards, until we find one that
6101 for (p--; p > 0; p --)
6102 if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, p) >= 0)
6107 /* Hmm, look upwards, until we find one that doesn't
6110 if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, p+1) < 0)
6120 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
6123 static const struct {
6127 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
6128 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
6129 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
6130 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
6131 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
6135 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
6137 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
6140 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
6141 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
6148 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
6156 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
6169 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
6171 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
6173 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
6175 l == sizeof(value) &&
6176 (size_t) value >= n*2)
6180 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
6187 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
6189 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
6191 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
6193 l == sizeof(value) &&
6194 (size_t) value >= n*2)
6198 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));