src/systemctl.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  23 #include <stdio.h>
  24 #include <getopt.h>
  25 #include <stdbool.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  29 #include <termios.h>
  30 #include <unistd.h>
  31 #include <fcntl.h>
  32 #include <sys/socket.h>
  33
  34 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
  35
  36 #include "log.h"
  37 #include "util.h"
  38 #include "macro.h"
  39 #include "set.h"
  40 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
  41 #include "special.h"
  42 #include "initreq.h"
  43 #include "strv.h"
  44 #include "dbus-common.h"
  45 #include "cgroup-show.h"
  46 #include "cgroup-util.h"
  47 #include "list.h"
  48
  49 static const char *arg_type = NULL;
  50 static char **arg_property = NULL;
  51 static bool arg_all = false;
  52 static bool arg_fail = false;
  53 static bool arg_session = false;
  54 static bool arg_no_block = false;
  55 static bool arg_immediate = false;
  56 static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
  57 static bool arg_no_sync = false;
  58 static bool arg_no_wall = false;
  59 static bool arg_dry = false;
  60 static bool arg_quiet = false;
  61 static char arg_full = false;
  62 static char **arg_wall = NULL;
  63 static enum action {
  64         ACTION_INVALID,
  65         ACTION_SYSTEMCTL,
  66         ACTION_HALT,
  67         ACTION_POWEROFF,
  68         ACTION_REBOOT,
  69         ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
  70         ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
  71         ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
  72         ACTION_RUNLEVEL5,
  73         ACTION_RESCUE,
  74         ACTION_EMERGENCY,
  75         ACTION_DEFAULT,
  76         ACTION_RELOAD,
  77         ACTION_REEXEC,
  78         ACTION_RUNLEVEL,
  79         _ACTION_MAX
  80 } arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
  81 static enum dot {
  82         DOT_ALL,
  83         DOT_ORDER,
  84         DOT_REQUIRE
  85 } arg_dot = DOT_ALL;
  86
  87 static bool private_bus = false;
  88
  89 static const char *ansi_highlight(bool b) {
  90         static int t = -1;
  91
  92         if (_unlikely_(t < 0))
  93                 t = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
  94
  95         if (!t)
  96                 return "";
  97
  98         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
  99 }
 100
 101 static bool error_is_no_service(DBusError *error) {
 102
 103         assert(error);
 104
 105         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
 106                 return false;
 107
 108         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_NAME_HAS_NO_OWNER))
 109                 return true;
 110
 111         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN))
 112                 return true;
 113
 114         return startswith(error->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.");
 115 }
 116
 117 static int bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(DBusMessageIter *iter, int type, void *data, bool next) {
 118
 119         assert(iter);
 120         assert(data);
 121
 122         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) != type)
 123                 return -EIO;
 124
 125         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, data);
 126
 127         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(iter) != !next)
 128                 return -EIO;
 129
 130         return 0;
 131 }
 132
 133 static void warn_wall(enum action action) {
 134         static const char *table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
 135                 [ACTION_HALT]      = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
 136                 [ACTION_REBOOT]    = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
 137                 [ACTION_POWEROFF]  = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
 138                 [ACTION_RESCUE]    = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
 139                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!"
 140         };
 141
 142         if (arg_no_wall)
 143                 return;
 144
 145         if (arg_wall) {
 146                 char *p;
 147
 148                 if (!(p = strv_join(arg_wall, " "))) {
 149                         log_error("Failed to join strings.");
 150                         return;
 151                 }
 152
 153                 if (*p) {
 154                         utmp_wall(p);
 155                         free(p);
 156                         return;
 157                 }
 158
 159                 free(p);
 160         }
 161
 162         if (!table[action])
 163                 return;
 164
 165         utmp_wall(table[action]);
 166 }
 167
 168 static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 169         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 170         DBusError error;
 171         int r;
 172         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 173         unsigned k = 0;
 174
 175         dbus_error_init(&error);
 176
 177         assert(bus);
 178
 179         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 180                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 181                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 182                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 183                               "ListUnits"))) {
 184                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 185                 return -ENOMEM;
 186         }
 187
 188         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 189                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 190                 r = -EIO;
 191                 goto finish;
 192         }
 193
 194         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 195             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 196             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 197                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 198                 r = -EIO;
 199                 goto finish;
 200         }
 201
 202         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 203
 204         if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
 205                 printf("%-45s %-6s %-12s %-12s %-15s %s\n", "UNIT", "LOAD", "ACTIVE", "SUB", "JOB", "DESCRIPTION");
 206
 207         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 208                 const char *id, *description, *load_state, *active_state, *sub_state, *following, *unit_path, *job_type, *job_path, *dot;
 209                 uint32_t job_id;
 210
 211                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 212                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 213                         r = -EIO;
 214                         goto finish;
 215                 }
 216
 217                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 218
 219                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id, true) < 0 ||
 220                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &description, true) < 0 ||
 221                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &load_state, true) < 0 ||
 222                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &active_state, true) < 0 ||
 223                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 224                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &following, true) < 0 ||
 225                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, true) < 0 ||
 226                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &job_id, true) < 0 ||
 227                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &job_type, true) < 0 ||
 228                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, false) < 0) {
 229                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 230                         r = -EIO;
 231                         goto finish;
 232                 }
 233
 234                 if ((!arg_type || ((dot = strrchr(id, '.')) &&
 235                                    streq(dot+1, arg_type))) &&
 236                     (arg_all || !(streq(active_state, "inactive") || following[0]) || job_id > 0)) {
 237                         char *e;
 238                         int a = 0, b = 0;
 239
 240                         if (streq(active_state, "maintenance"))
 241                                 fputs(ansi_highlight(true), stdout);
 242
 243                         e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(id, 45, 33);
 244                         printf("%-45s %-6s %-12s %-12s%n", e ? e : id, load_state, active_state, sub_state, &a);
 245                         free(e);
 246
 247                         if (job_id != 0)
 248                                 printf(" => %-12s%n", job_type, &b);
 249                         else
 250                                 b = 1 + 15;
 251
 252                         if (a + b + 2 < columns()) {
 253                                 if (job_id == 0)
 254                                         printf("                ");
 255
 256                                 printf(" %.*s", columns() - a - b - 2, description);
 257                         }
 258
 259                         if (streq(active_state, "maintenance"))
 260                                 fputs(ansi_highlight(false), stdout);
 261
 262                         fputs("\n", stdout);
 263                         k++;
 264                 }
 265
 266                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 267         }
 268
 269         if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO)) {
 270
 271                 printf("\nLOAD   = Load State, reflects whether the unit configuration was properly loaded.\n"
 272                        "ACTIVE = Active State, the high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of the substate.\n"
 273                        "SUB    = Substate, the low-level unit activation state, possible values depend on unit type.\n"
 274                        "JOB    = Job, shows pending jobs for the unit.\n");
 275
 276                 if (arg_all)
 277                         printf("\n%u units listed.\n", k);
 278                 else
 279                         printf("\n%u units listed. Pass --all to see inactive units, too.\n", k);
 280         }
 281
 282         r = 0;
 283
 284 finish:
 285         if (m)
 286                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 287
 288         if (reply)
 289                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 290
 291         dbus_error_free(&error);
 292
 293         return r;
 294 }
 295
 296 static int dot_one_property(const char *name, const char *prop, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
 297         static const char * const colors[] = {
 298                 "Requires",              "[color=\"black\"]",
 299                 "RequiresOverridable",   "[color=\"black\"]",
 300                 "Requisite",             "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 301                 "RequisiteOverridable",  "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 302                 "Wants",                 "[color=\"darkgrey\"]",
 303                 "Conflicts",             "[color=\"red\"]",
 304                 "After",                 "[color=\"green\"]"
 305         };
 306
 307         const char *c = NULL;
 308         unsigned i;
 309
 310         assert(name);
 311         assert(prop);
 312         assert(iter);
 313
 314         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(colors); i += 2)
 315                 if (streq(colors[i], prop)) {
 316                         c = colors[i+1];
 317                         break;
 318                 }
 319
 320         if (!c)
 321                 return 0;
 322
 323         if (arg_dot != DOT_ALL)
 324                 if ((arg_dot == DOT_ORDER) != streq(prop, "After"))
 325                         return 0;
 326
 327         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
 328
 329         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
 330
 331                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
 332                         DBusMessageIter sub;
 333
 334                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
 335
 336                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 337                                 const char *s;
 338
 339                                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
 340                                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
 341                                 printf("\t\"%s\"->\"%s\" %s;\n", name, s, c);
 342
 343                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 344                         }
 345
 346                         return 0;
 347                 }
 348         }
 349
 350         return 0;
 351 }
 352
 353 static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
 354         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 355         const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit";
 356         int r;
 357         DBusError error;
 358         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
 359
 360         assert(bus);
 361         assert(path);
 362
 363         dbus_error_init(&error);
 364
 365         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 366                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 367                               path,
 368                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
 369                               "GetAll"))) {
 370                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 371                 r = -ENOMEM;
 372                 goto finish;
 373         }
 374
 375         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 376                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
 377                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 378                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 379                 r = -ENOMEM;
 380                 goto finish;
 381         }
 382
 383         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 384                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 385                 r = -EIO;
 386                 goto finish;
 387         }
 388
 389         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 390             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 391             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
 392                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 393                 r = -EIO;
 394                 goto finish;
 395         }
 396
 397         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 398
 399         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 400                 const char *prop;
 401
 402                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
 403                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 404                         r = -EIO;
 405                         goto finish;
 406                 }
 407
 408                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 409
 410                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop, true) < 0) {
 411                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 412                         r = -EIO;
 413                         goto finish;
 414                 }
 415
 416                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
 417                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 418                         r = -EIO;
 419                         goto finish;
 420                 }
 421
 422                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
 423
 424                 if (dot_one_property(name, prop, &sub3)) {
 425                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 426                         r = -EIO;
 427                         goto finish;
 428                 }
 429
 430                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 431         }
 432
 433 finish:
 434         if (m)
 435                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 436
 437         if (reply)
 438                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 439
 440         dbus_error_free(&error);
 441
 442         return r;
 443 }
 444
 445 static int dot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 446         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 447         DBusError error;
 448         int r;
 449         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 450
 451         dbus_error_init(&error);
 452
 453         assert(bus);
 454
 455         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 456                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 457                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 458                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 459                               "ListUnits"))) {
 460                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 461                 return -ENOMEM;
 462         }
 463
 464         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 465                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 466                 r = -EIO;
 467                 goto finish;
 468         }
 469
 470         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 471             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 472             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 473                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 474                 r = -EIO;
 475                 goto finish;
 476         }
 477
 478         printf("digraph systemd {\n");
 479
 480         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 481         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 482                 const char *id, *description, *load_state, *active_state, *sub_state, *unit_path;
 483
 484                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 485                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 486                         r = -EIO;
 487                         goto finish;
 488                 }
 489
 490                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 491
 492                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id, true) < 0 ||
 493                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &description, true) < 0 ||
 494                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &load_state, true) < 0 ||
 495                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &active_state, true) < 0 ||
 496                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 497                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, true) < 0) {
 498                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 499                         r = -EIO;
 500                         goto finish;
 501                 }
 502
 503                 if ((r = dot_one(bus, id, unit_path)) < 0)
 504                         goto finish;
 505
 506                 /* printf("\t\"%s\";\n", id); */
 507                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 508         }
 509
 510         printf("}\n");
 511
 512         log_info("   Color legend: black     = Requires\n"
 513                  "                 dark blue = Requisite\n"
 514                  "                 dark grey = Wants\n"
 515                  "                 red       = Conflicts\n"
 516                  "                 green     = After\n");
 517
 518         if (isatty(fileno(stdout)))
 519                 log_notice("-- You probably want to process this output with graphviz' dot tool.\n"
 520                            "-- Try a shell pipeline like 'systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg'!\n");
 521
 522         r = 0;
 523
 524 finish:
 525         if (m)
 526                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 527
 528         if (reply)
 529                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 530
 531         dbus_error_free(&error);
 532
 533         return r;
 534 }
 535
 536 static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 537         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 538         DBusError error;
 539         int r;
 540         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 541         unsigned k = 0;
 542
 543         dbus_error_init(&error);
 544
 545         assert(bus);
 546
 547         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 548                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 549                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 550                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 551                               "ListJobs"))) {
 552                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 553                 return -ENOMEM;
 554         }
 555
 556         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 557                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 558                 r = -EIO;
 559                 goto finish;
 560         }
 561
 562         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 563             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 564             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 565                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 566                 r = -EIO;
 567                 goto finish;
 568         }
 569
 570         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 571
 572         printf("%4s %-45s %-17s %-7s\n", "JOB", "UNIT", "TYPE", "STATE");
 573
 574         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 575                 const char *name, *type, *state, *job_path, *unit_path;
 576                 uint32_t id;
 577                 char *e;
 578
 579                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 580                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 581                         r = -EIO;
 582                         goto finish;
 583                 }
 584
 585                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 586
 587                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id, true) < 0 ||
 588                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0 ||
 589                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) < 0 ||
 590                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state, true) < 0 ||
 591                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, true) < 0 ||
 592                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, false) < 0) {
 593                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 594                         r = -EIO;
 595                         goto finish;
 596                 }
 597
 598                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(name, 45, 33);
 599                 printf("%4u %-45s %-17s %-7s\n", id, e ? e : name, type, state);
 600                 free(e);
 601
 602                 k++;
 603
 604                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 605         }
 606
 607         printf("\n%u jobs listed.\n", k);
 608         r = 0;
 609
 610 finish:
 611         if (m)
 612                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 613
 614         if (reply)
 615                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 616
 617         dbus_error_free(&error);
 618
 619         return r;
 620 }
 621
 622 static int load_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 623         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 624         DBusError error;
 625         int r;
 626         unsigned i;
 627
 628         dbus_error_init(&error);
 629
 630         assert(bus);
 631         assert(args);
 632
 633         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 634
 635                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 636                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 637                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 638                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 639                                       "LoadUnit"))) {
 640                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 641                         r = -ENOMEM;
 642                         goto finish;
 643                 }
 644
 645                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 646                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
 647                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 648                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 649                         r = -ENOMEM;
 650                         goto finish;
 651                 }
 652
 653                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 654                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 655                         r = -EIO;
 656                         goto finish;
 657                 }
 658
 659                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 660                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 661
 662                 m = reply = NULL;
 663         }
 664
 665         r = 0;
 666
 667 finish:
 668         if (m)
 669                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 670
 671         if (reply)
 672                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 673
 674         dbus_error_free(&error);
 675
 676         return r;
 677 }
 678
 679 static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 680         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 681         DBusError error;
 682         int r;
 683         unsigned i;
 684
 685         dbus_error_init(&error);
 686
 687         assert(bus);
 688         assert(args);
 689
 690         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 691                 unsigned id;
 692                 const char *path;
 693
 694                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 695                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 696                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 697                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 698                                       "GetJob"))) {
 699                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 700                         r = -ENOMEM;
 701                         goto finish;
 702                 }
 703
 704                 if ((r = safe_atou(args[i], &id)) < 0) {
 705                         log_error("Failed to parse job id: %s", strerror(-r));
 706                         goto finish;
 707                 }
 708
 709                 assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(id));
 710                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 711                                               DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
 712                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 713                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 714                         r = -ENOMEM;
 715                         goto finish;
 716                 }
 717
 718                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 719                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 720                         r = -EIO;
 721                         goto finish;
 722                 }
 723
 724                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
 725                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 726                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 727                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
 728                         r = -EIO;
 729                         goto finish;
 730                 }
 731
 732                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 733                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 734                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 735                                       path,
 736                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
 737                                       "Cancel"))) {
 738                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 739                         r = -ENOMEM;
 740                         goto finish;
 741                 }
 742
 743                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 744                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 745                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 746                         r = -EIO;
 747                         goto finish;
 748                 }
 749
 750                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 751                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 752                 m = reply = NULL;
 753         }
 754
 755         r = 0;
 756
 757 finish:
 758         if (m)
 759                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 760
 761         if (reply)
 762                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 763
 764         dbus_error_free(&error);
 765
 766         return r;
 767 }
 768
 769 static bool unit_need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
 770         DBusMessage *m, *reply;
 771         dbus_bool_t b = FALSE;
 772         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
 773         const char
 774                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
 775                 *property = "NeedDaemonReload",
 776                 *path;
 777
 778         /* We ignore all errors here, since this is used to show a warning only */
 779
 780         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 781                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 782                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 783                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 784                               "GetUnit")))
 785                 goto finish;
 786
 787         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 788                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &unit,
 789                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
 790                 goto finish;
 791
 792         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
 793                 goto finish;
 794
 795         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
 796                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 797                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
 798                 goto finish;
 799
 800         dbus_message_unref(m);
 801         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 802                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 803                               path,
 804                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
 805                               "Get")))
 806                 goto finish;
 807
 808         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 809                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
 810                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
 811                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 812                 goto finish;
 813         }
 814
 815         dbus_message_unref(reply);
 816         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
 817                 goto finish;
 818
 819         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 820             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
 821                 goto finish;
 822
 823         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 824
 825         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN)
 826                 goto finish;
 827
 828         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &b);
 829
 830 finish:
 831         if (m)
 832                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 833
 834         if (reply)
 835                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 836
 837         return b;
 838 }
 839
 840 typedef struct WaitData {
 841         Set *set;
 842         bool failed;
 843 } WaitData;
 844
 845 static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
 846         DBusError error;
 847         WaitData *d = data;
 848
 849         assert(connection);
 850         assert(message);
 851         assert(d);
 852
 853         dbus_error_init(&error);
 854
 855         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
 856                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
 857                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
 858                   dbus_message_get_path(message));
 859
 860         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
 861                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
 862                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
 863
 864         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
 865                 uint32_t id;
 866                 const char *path;
 867                 dbus_bool_t success = true;
 868
 869                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
 870                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
 871                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 872                                            DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &success,
 873                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
 874                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", error.message);
 875                 else {
 876                         char *p;
 877
 878                         if ((p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path)))
 879                                 free(p);
 880
 881                         if (!success)
 882                                 d->failed = true;
 883                 }
 884         }
 885
 886         dbus_error_free(&error);
 887         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
 888 }
 889
 890 static int enable_wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus) {
 891         DBusError error;
 892
 893         assert(bus);
 894
 895         if (private_bus)
 896                 return 0;
 897
 898         dbus_error_init(&error);
 899         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
 900                            "type='signal',"
 901                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
 902                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
 903                            "member='JobRemoved',"
 904                            "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
 905                            &error);
 906
 907         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
 908                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
 909                 dbus_error_free(&error);
 910                 return -EIO;
 911         }
 912
 913         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the match registrations. */
 914         return 0;
 915 }
 916
 917 static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
 918         int r;
 919         WaitData d;
 920
 921         assert(bus);
 922         assert(s);
 923
 924         zero(d);
 925         d.set = s;
 926         d.failed = false;
 927
 928         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL)) {
 929                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
 930                 r = -ENOMEM;
 931                 goto finish;
 932         }
 933
 934         while (!set_isempty(s) &&
 935                dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
 936                 ;
 937
 938         if (!arg_quiet && d.failed)
 939                 log_error("Job failed, see logs for details.");
 940
 941         r = d.failed ? -EIO : 0;
 942
 943 finish:
 944         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter registration. */
 945
 946         return r;
 947 }
 948
 949 static int start_unit_one(
 950                 DBusConnection *bus,
 951                 const char *method,
 952                 const char *name,
 953                 const char *mode,
 954                 Set *s) {
 955
 956         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 957         DBusError error;
 958         const char *path;
 959         int r;
 960
 961         assert(bus);
 962         assert(method);
 963         assert(name);
 964         assert(mode);
 965         assert(arg_no_block || s);
 966
 967         dbus_error_init(&error);
 968
 969         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 970                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 971                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 972                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 973                               method))) {
 974                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 975                 r = -ENOMEM;
 976                 goto finish;
 977         }
 978
 979         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 980                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
 981                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
 982                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 983                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 984                 r = -ENOMEM;
 985                 goto finish;
 986         }
 987
 988         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 989
 990                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
 991                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
 992                          * legacy actions. */
 993                         r = 0;
 994                         goto finish;
 995                 }
 996
 997                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 998                 r = -EIO;
 999                 goto finish;
1000         }
1001
1002         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1003                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1004                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1005                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
1006                 r = -EIO;
1007                 goto finish;
1008         }
1009
1010         if (unit_need_daemon_reload(bus, name))
1011                 log_warning("Unit file of created job changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
1012                             arg_session ? "--session" : "--system");
1013
1014         if (!arg_no_block) {
1015                 char *p;
1016
1017                 if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
1018                         log_error("Failed to duplicate path.");
1019                         r = -ENOMEM;
1020                         goto finish;
1021                 }
1022
1023                 if ((r = set_put(s, p)) < 0) {
1024                         free(p);
1025                         log_error("Failed to add path to set.");
1026                         goto finish;
1027                 }
1028         }
1029
1030         r = 1;
1031
1032 finish:
1033         if (m)
1034                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1035
1036         if (reply)
1037                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1038
1039         dbus_error_free(&error);
1040
1041         return r;
1042 }
1043
1044 static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
1045         if (streq(verb, "halt"))
1046                 return ACTION_HALT;
1047         else if (streq(verb, "poweroff"))
1048                 return ACTION_POWEROFF;
1049         else if (streq(verb, "reboot"))
1050                 return ACTION_REBOOT;
1051         else if (streq(verb, "rescue"))
1052                 return ACTION_RESCUE;
1053         else if (streq(verb, "emergency"))
1054                 return ACTION_EMERGENCY;
1055         else if (streq(verb, "default"))
1056                 return ACTION_DEFAULT;
1057         else
1058                 return ACTION_INVALID;
1059 }
1060
1061 static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1062
1063         static const char * const table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
1064                 [ACTION_HALT] = SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET,
1065                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] = SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET,
1066                 [ACTION_REBOOT] = SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET,
1067                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
1068                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
1069                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
1070                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
1071                 [ACTION_RESCUE] = SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
1072                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
1073                 [ACTION_DEFAULT] = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET
1074         };
1075
1076         int r;
1077         unsigned i;
1078         const char *method, *mode, *one_name;
1079         Set *s = NULL;
1080
1081         assert(bus);
1082
1083         if (arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL) {
1084                 method =
1085                         streq(args[0], "stop")                  ? "StopUnit" :
1086                         streq(args[0], "reload")                ? "ReloadUnit" :
1087                         streq(args[0], "restart")               ? "RestartUnit" :
1088                         streq(args[0], "try-restart")           ? "TryRestartUnit" :
1089                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-restart")     ? "ReloadOrRestartUnit" :
1090                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-try-restart") ||
1091                         streq(args[0], "force-reload")          ||
1092                         streq(args[0], "condrestart")           ? "ReloadOrTryRestartUnit" :
1093                                                                   "StartUnit";
1094
1095                 mode =
1096                         (streq(args[0], "isolate") ||
1097                          streq(args[0], "rescue")  ||
1098                          streq(args[0], "emergency")) ? "isolate" :
1099                                              arg_fail ? "fail" :
1100                                                         "replace";
1101
1102                 one_name = table[verb_to_action(args[0])];
1103
1104         } else {
1105                 assert(arg_action < ELEMENTSOF(table));
1106                 assert(table[arg_action]);
1107
1108                 method = "StartUnit";
1109
1110                 mode = (arg_action == ACTION_EMERGENCY ||
1111                         arg_action == ACTION_RESCUE) ? "isolate" : "replace";
1112
1113                 one_name = table[arg_action];
1114         }
1115
1116         if (!arg_no_block) {
1117                 if ((r = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus)) < 0) {
1118                         log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-r));
1119                         goto finish;
1120                 }
1121
1122                 if (!(s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
1123                         log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
1124                         r = -ENOMEM;
1125                         goto finish;
1126                 }
1127         }
1128
1129         r = 0;
1130
1131         if (one_name) {
1132                 if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, s)) <= 0)
1133                         goto finish;
1134         } else {
1135                 for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
1136                         if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, args[i], mode, s)) < 0)
1137                                 goto finish;
1138         }
1139
1140         if (!arg_no_block)
1141                 r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s);
1142
1143 finish:
1144         if (s)
1145                 set_free_free(s);
1146
1147         return r;
1148 }
1149
1150 static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1151         int r;
1152
1153         assert(bus);
1154         assert(args);
1155
1156         r = start_unit(bus, args, n);
1157
1158         if (r >= 0)
1159                 warn_wall(verb_to_action(args[0]));
1160
1161         return r;
1162 }
1163
1164 static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1165         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1166         const char
1167                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1168                 *property = "ActiveState";
1169         int r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
1170         DBusError error;
1171         unsigned i;
1172
1173         assert(bus);
1174         assert(args);
1175
1176         dbus_error_init(&error);
1177
1178         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1179                 const char *path = NULL;
1180                 const char *state;
1181                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1182
1183                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1184                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1185                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1186                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1187                                       "GetUnit"))) {
1188                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1189                         r = -ENOMEM;
1190                         goto finish;
1191                 }
1192
1193                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1194                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1195                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1196                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1197                         r = -ENOMEM;
1198                         goto finish;
1199                 }
1200
1201                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1202
1203                         /* Hmm, cannot figure out anything about this unit... */
1204                         if (!arg_quiet)
1205                                 puts("unknown");
1206
1207                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1208                         continue;
1209                 }
1210
1211                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1212                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1213                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1214                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
1215                         r = -EIO;
1216                         goto finish;
1217                 }
1218
1219                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1220                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1221                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1222                                       path,
1223                                       "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1224                                       "Get"))) {
1225                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1226                         r = -ENOMEM;
1227                         goto finish;
1228                 }
1229
1230                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1231                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1232                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1233                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1234                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1235                         r = -ENOMEM;
1236                         goto finish;
1237                 }
1238
1239                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1240                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1241                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1242                         r = -EIO;
1243                         goto finish;
1244                 }
1245
1246                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1247                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1248                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1249                         r = -EIO;
1250                         goto finish;
1251                 }
1252
1253                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1254
1255                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1256                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1257                         r = -EIO;
1258                         goto finish;
1259                 }
1260
1261                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
1262
1263                 if (!arg_quiet)
1264                         puts(state);
1265
1266                 if (streq(state, "active") || startswith(state, "reloading"))
1267                         r = 0;
1268
1269                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1270                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1271                 m = reply = NULL;
1272         }
1273
1274 finish:
1275         if (m)
1276                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1277
1278         if (reply)
1279                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1280
1281         dbus_error_free(&error);
1282
1283         return r;
1284 }
1285
1286 typedef struct ExecStatusInfo {
1287         char *path;
1288         char **argv;
1289
1290         bool ignore;
1291
1292         usec_t start_timestamp;
1293         usec_t exit_timestamp;
1294         pid_t pid;
1295         int code;
1296         int status;
1297
1298         LIST_FIELDS(struct ExecStatusInfo, exec);
1299 } ExecStatusInfo;
1300
1301 static void exec_status_info_free(ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1302         assert(i);
1303
1304         free(i->path);
1305         strv_free(i->argv);
1306         free(i);
1307 }
1308
1309 static int exec_status_info_deserialize(DBusMessageIter *sub, ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1310         uint64_t start_timestamp, exit_timestamp;
1311         DBusMessageIter sub2, sub3;
1312         const char*path;
1313         unsigned n;
1314         uint32_t pid;
1315         int32_t code, status;
1316         dbus_bool_t ignore;
1317
1318         assert(i);
1319         assert(i);
1320
1321         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)
1322                 return -EIO;
1323
1324         dbus_message_iter_recurse(sub, &sub2);
1325
1326         if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, true) < 0)
1327                 return -EIO;
1328
1329         if (!(i->path = strdup(path)))
1330                 return -ENOMEM;
1331
1332         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
1333             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
1334                 return -EIO;
1335
1336         n = 0;
1337         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1338         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1339                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1340                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1341                 n++;
1342         }
1343
1344
1345         if (!(i->argv = new0(char*, n+1)))
1346                 return -ENOMEM;
1347
1348         n = 0;
1349         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1350         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1351                 const char *s;
1352
1353                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1354                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub3, &s);
1355                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1356
1357                 if (!(i->argv[n++] = strdup(s)))
1358                         return -ENOMEM;
1359         }
1360
1361         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2) ||
1362             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &ignore, true) < 0 ||
1363             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &start_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1364             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &exit_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1365             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid, true) < 0 ||
1366             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &code, true) < 0 ||
1367             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &status, false) < 0)
1368                 return -EIO;
1369
1370         i->ignore = ignore;
1371         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) start_timestamp;
1372         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) exit_timestamp;
1373         i->pid = (pid_t) pid;
1374         i->code = code;
1375         i->status = status;
1376
1377         return 0;
1378 }
1379
1380 typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
1381         const char *id;
1382         const char *load_state;
1383         const char *active_state;
1384         const char *sub_state;
1385
1386         const char *description;
1387
1388         const char *fragment_path;
1389         const char *default_control_group;
1390
1391         bool need_daemon_reload;
1392
1393         /* Service */
1394         pid_t main_pid;
1395         pid_t control_pid;
1396         const char *status_text;
1397         bool running;
1398
1399         usec_t start_timestamp;
1400         usec_t exit_timestamp;
1401
1402         int exit_code, exit_status;
1403
1404         /* Socket */
1405         unsigned n_accepted;
1406         unsigned n_connections;
1407         bool accept;
1408
1409         /* Device */
1410         const char *sysfs_path;
1411
1412         /* Mount, Automount */
1413         const char *where;
1414
1415         /* Swap */
1416         const char *what;
1417
1418         LIST_HEAD(ExecStatusInfo, exec);
1419 } UnitStatusInfo;
1420
1421 static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
1422         ExecStatusInfo *p;
1423
1424         assert(i);
1425
1426         /* This shows pretty information about a unit. See
1427          * print_property() for a low-level property printer */
1428
1429         printf("%s", strna(i->id));
1430
1431         if (i->description && !streq_ptr(i->id, i->description))
1432                 printf(" - %s", i->description);
1433
1434         printf("\n");
1435
1436         if (i->fragment_path)
1437                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s (%s)\n", strna(i->load_state), i->fragment_path);
1438         else if (streq_ptr(i->load_state, "failed"))
1439                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s\n",
1440                        ansi_highlight(true),
1441                        strna(i->load_state),
1442                        ansi_highlight(false));
1443         else
1444                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s\n", strna(i->load_state));
1445
1446         if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "maintenance")) {
1447                         if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, i->sub_state))
1448                                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s%s\n",
1449                                        ansi_highlight(true),
1450                                        strna(i->active_state),
1451                                        ansi_highlight(false));
1452                         else
1453                                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s (%s)%s\n",
1454                                        ansi_highlight(true),
1455                                        strna(i->active_state),
1456                                        strna(i->sub_state),
1457                                        ansi_highlight(false));
1458         } else {
1459                 if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, i->sub_state))
1460                         printf("\t  Active: %s\n",
1461                                strna(i->active_state));
1462                 else
1463                         printf("\t  Active: %s (%s)\n",
1464                                strna(i->active_state),
1465                                strna(i->sub_state));
1466         }
1467
1468         if (i->sysfs_path)
1469                 printf("\t  Device: %s\n", i->sysfs_path);
1470         else if (i->where)
1471                 printf("\t   Where: %s\n", i->where);
1472         else if (i->what)
1473                 printf("\t    What: %s\n", i->what);
1474
1475         if (i->accept)
1476                 printf("\tAccepted: %u; Connected: %u\n", i->n_accepted, i->n_connections);
1477
1478         LIST_FOREACH(exec, p, i->exec) {
1479                 char *t;
1480
1481                 /* Only show exited processes here */
1482                 if (p->code == 0)
1483                         continue;
1484
1485                 t = strv_join(p->argv, " ");
1486                 printf("\t  Exited: %u (%s, code=%s, ", p->pid, strna(t), sigchld_code_to_string(p->code));
1487                 free(t);
1488
1489                 if (p->code == CLD_EXITED)
1490                         printf("status=%i", p->status);
1491                 else
1492                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(p->status));
1493                 printf(")\n");
1494
1495                 if (i->main_pid == p->pid &&
1496                     i->start_timestamp == p->start_timestamp &&
1497                     i->exit_timestamp == p->start_timestamp)
1498                         /* Let's not show this twice */
1499                         i->main_pid = 0;
1500
1501                 if (p->pid == i->control_pid)
1502                         i->control_pid = 0;
1503         }
1504
1505         if (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0) {
1506                 printf("\t");
1507
1508                 if (i->main_pid > 0) {
1509                         printf("    Main: %u", (unsigned) i->main_pid);
1510
1511                         if (i->running) {
1512                                 char *t = NULL;
1513                                 get_process_name(i->main_pid, &t);
1514                                 if (t) {
1515                                         printf(" (%s)", t);
1516                                         free(t);
1517                                 }
1518                         } else {
1519                                 printf(" (code=%s, ", sigchld_code_to_string(i->exit_code));
1520
1521                                 if (i->exit_code == CLD_EXITED)
1522                                         printf("status=%i", i->exit_status);
1523                                 else
1524                                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(i->exit_status));
1525                                 printf(")");                        }
1526                 }
1527
1528                 if (i->main_pid > 0 && i->control_pid > 0)
1529                         printf(";");
1530
1531                 if (i->control_pid > 0) {
1532                         char *t = NULL;
1533
1534                         printf(" Control: %u", (unsigned) i->control_pid);
1535
1536                         get_process_name(i->control_pid, &t);
1537                         if (t) {
1538                                 printf(" (%s)", t);
1539                                 free(t);
1540                         }
1541                 }
1542
1543                 printf("\n");
1544         }
1545
1546         if (i->status_text)
1547                 printf("\t  Status: \"%s\"\n", i->status_text);
1548
1549         if (i->default_control_group) {
1550                 unsigned c;
1551
1552                 printf("\t  CGroup: %s\n", i->default_control_group);
1553
1554                 if ((c = columns()) > 18)
1555                         c -= 18;
1556                 else
1557                         c = 0;
1558
1559                 show_cgroup_by_path(i->default_control_group, "\t\t  ", c);
1560         }
1561
1562         if (i->need_daemon_reload)
1563                 printf("\n%sWarning:%s Unit file changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.\n",
1564                        ansi_highlight(true),
1565                        ansi_highlight(false),
1566                        arg_session ? "--session" : "--system");
1567 }
1568
1569 static int status_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter, UnitStatusInfo *i) {
1570
1571         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
1572
1573         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
1574                 const char *s;
1575
1576                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
1577
1578                 if (s[0]) {
1579                         if (streq(name, "Id"))
1580                                 i->id = s;
1581                         else if (streq(name, "LoadState"))
1582                                 i->load_state = s;
1583                         else if (streq(name, "ActiveState"))
1584                                 i->active_state = s;
1585                         else if (streq(name, "SubState"))
1586                                 i->sub_state = s;
1587                         else if (streq(name, "Description"))
1588                                 i->description = s;
1589                         else if (streq(name, "FragmentPath"))
1590                                 i->fragment_path = s;
1591                         else if (streq(name, "DefaultControlGroup"))
1592                                 i->default_control_group = s;
1593                         else if (streq(name, "StatusText"))
1594                                 i->status_text = s;
1595                         else if (streq(name, "SysFSPath"))
1596                                 i->sysfs_path = s;
1597                         else if (streq(name, "Where"))
1598                                 i->where = s;
1599                         else if (streq(name, "What"))
1600                                 i->what = s;
1601                 }
1602
1603                 break;
1604         }
1605
1606         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
1607                 dbus_bool_t b;
1608
1609                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
1610
1611                 if (streq(name, "Accept"))
1612                         i->accept = b;
1613                 else if (streq(name, "NeedDaemonReload"))
1614                         i->need_daemon_reload = b;
1615
1616                 break;
1617         }
1618
1619         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
1620                 uint32_t u;
1621
1622                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
1623
1624                 if (streq(name, "MainPID")) {
1625                         if (u > 0) {
1626                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
1627                                 i->running = true;
1628                         }
1629                 } else if (streq(name, "ControlPID"))
1630                         i->control_pid = (pid_t) u;
1631                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainPID")) {
1632                         if (u > 0)
1633                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
1634                 } else if (streq(name, "NAccepted"))
1635                         i->n_accepted = u;
1636                 else if (streq(name, "NConnections"))
1637                         i->n_connections = u;
1638
1639                 break;
1640         }
1641
1642         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
1643                 int32_t j;
1644
1645                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &j);
1646
1647                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainCode"))
1648                         i->exit_code = (int) j;
1649                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainStatus"))
1650                         i->exit_status = (int) j;
1651
1652                 break;
1653         }
1654
1655         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
1656                 uint64_t u;
1657
1658                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
1659
1660                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainStartTimestamp"))
1661                         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
1662                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainExitTimestamp"))
1663                         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
1664
1665                 break;
1666         }
1667
1668         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
1669
1670                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT &&
1671                     startswith(name, "Exec")) {
1672                         DBusMessageIter sub;
1673
1674                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1675                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
1676                                 ExecStatusInfo *info;
1677                                 int r;
1678
1679                                 if (!(info = new0(ExecStatusInfo, 1)))
1680                                         return -ENOMEM;
1681
1682                                 if ((r = exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, info)) < 0) {
1683                                         free(info);
1684                                         return r;
1685                                 }
1686
1687                                 LIST_PREPEND(ExecStatusInfo, exec, i->exec, info);
1688
1689                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1690                         }
1691                 }
1692
1693                 break;
1694         }
1695         }
1696
1697         return 0;
1698 }
1699
1700 static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
1701         assert(name);
1702         assert(iter);
1703
1704         /* This is a low-level property printer, see
1705          * print_status_info() for the nicer output */
1706
1707         if (arg_property && !strv_find(arg_property, name))
1708                 return 0;
1709
1710         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
1711
1712         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
1713                 const char *s;
1714                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
1715
1716                 if (arg_all || s[0])
1717                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
1718
1719                 return 0;
1720         }
1721
1722         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
1723                 dbus_bool_t b;
1724                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
1725                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, yes_no(b));
1726
1727                 return 0;
1728         }
1729
1730         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
1731                 uint64_t u;
1732                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
1733
1734                 /* Yes, heuristics! But we can change this check
1735                  * should it turn out to not be sufficient */
1736
1737                 if (strstr(name, "Timestamp")) {
1738                         char timestamp[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *t;
1739
1740                         if ((t = format_timestamp(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp), u)) || arg_all)
1741                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, strempty(t));
1742                 } else if (strstr(name, "USec")) {
1743                         char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1744
1745                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), u));
1746                 } else
1747                         printf("%s=%llu\n", name, (unsigned long long) u);
1748
1749                 return 0;
1750         }
1751
1752         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
1753                 uint32_t u;
1754                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
1755
1756                 if (strstr(name, "UMask") || strstr(name, "Mode"))
1757                         printf("%s=%04o\n", name, u);
1758                 else
1759                         printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
1760
1761                 return 0;
1762         }
1763
1764         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
1765                 int32_t i;
1766                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &i);
1767
1768                 printf("%s=%i\n", name, (int) i);
1769                 return 0;
1770         }
1771
1772         case DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT: {
1773                 DBusMessageIter sub;
1774                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1775
1776                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_UINT32 && streq(name, "Job")) {
1777                         uint32_t u;
1778
1779                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
1780
1781                         if (u)
1782                                 printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
1783                         else if (arg_all)
1784                                 printf("%s=\n", name);
1785
1786                         return 0;
1787                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "Unit")) {
1788                         const char *s;
1789
1790                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
1791
1792                         if (arg_all || s[0])
1793                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
1794
1795                         return 0;
1796                 }
1797
1798                 break;
1799         }
1800
1801         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
1802
1803                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
1804                         DBusMessageIter sub;
1805                         bool space = false;
1806
1807                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1808                         if (arg_all ||
1809                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1810                                 printf("%s=", name);
1811
1812                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1813                                         const char *s;
1814
1815                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1816                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
1817                                         printf("%s%s", space ? " " : "", s);
1818
1819                                         space = true;
1820                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1821                                 }
1822
1823                                 puts("");
1824                         }
1825
1826                         return 0;
1827
1828                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE) {
1829                         DBusMessageIter sub;
1830
1831                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1832                         if (arg_all ||
1833                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1834                                 printf("%s=", name);
1835
1836                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1837                                         uint8_t u;
1838
1839                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE);
1840                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
1841                                         printf("%02x", u);
1842
1843                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1844                                 }
1845
1846                                 puts("");
1847                         }
1848
1849                         return 0;
1850
1851                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Paths")) {
1852                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
1853
1854                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1855                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
1856                                 const char *type, *path;
1857
1858                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
1859
1860                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) >= 0 &&
1861                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, false) >= 0)
1862                                         printf("%s=%s\n", type, path);
1863
1864                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1865                         }
1866
1867                         return 0;
1868
1869                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Timers")) {
1870                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
1871
1872                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1873                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
1874                                 const char *base;
1875                                 uint64_t value, next_elapse;
1876
1877                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
1878
1879                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &base, true) >= 0 &&
1880                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &value, true) >= 0 &&
1881                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &next_elapse, false) >= 0) {
1882                                         char timespan1[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], timespan2[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1883
1884                                         printf("%s={ value=%s ; next_elapse=%s }\n",
1885                                                base,
1886                                                format_timespan(timespan1, sizeof(timespan1), value),
1887                                                format_timespan(timespan2, sizeof(timespan2), next_elapse));
1888                                 }
1889
1890                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1891                         }
1892
1893                         return 0;
1894
1895                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && startswith(name, "Exec")) {
1896                         DBusMessageIter sub;
1897
1898                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1899                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
1900                                 ExecStatusInfo info;
1901
1902                                 zero(info);
1903                                 if (exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, &info) >= 0) {
1904                                         char timestamp1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], timestamp2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
1905                                         char *t;
1906
1907                                         t = strv_join(info.argv, " ");
1908
1909                                         printf("%s={ path=%s ; argv[]=%s ; ignore=%s ; start_time=[%s] ; stop_time=[%s] ; pid=%u ; code=%s ; status=%i%s%s }\n",
1910                                                name,
1911                                                strna(info.path),
1912                                                strna(t),
1913                                                yes_no(info.ignore),
1914                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp1, sizeof(timestamp1), info.start_timestamp)),
1915                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp2, sizeof(timestamp2), info.exit_timestamp)),
1916                                                (unsigned) info. pid,
1917                                                sigchld_code_to_string(info.code),
1918                                                info.status,
1919                                                info.code == CLD_EXITED ? "" : "/",
1920                                                strempty(info.code == CLD_EXITED ? NULL : signal_to_string(info.status)));
1921
1922                                         free(t);
1923                                 }
1924
1925                                 free(info.path);
1926                                 strv_free(info.argv);
1927
1928                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1929                         }
1930
1931                         return 0;
1932                 }
1933
1934                 break;
1935         }
1936
1937         if (arg_all)
1938                 printf("%s=[unprintable]\n", name);
1939
1940         return 0;
1941 }
1942
1943 static int show_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, bool show_properties, bool *new_line) {
1944         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1945         const char *interface = "";
1946         int r;
1947         DBusError error;
1948         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
1949         UnitStatusInfo info;
1950         ExecStatusInfo *p;
1951
1952         assert(bus);
1953         assert(path);
1954         assert(new_line);
1955
1956         zero(info);
1957         dbus_error_init(&error);
1958
1959         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1960                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1961                               path,
1962                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1963                               "GetAll"))) {
1964                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1965                 r = -ENOMEM;
1966                 goto finish;
1967         }
1968
1969         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1970                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1971                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1972                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1973                 r = -ENOMEM;
1974                 goto finish;
1975         }
1976
1977         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1978                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1979                 r = -EIO;
1980                 goto finish;
1981         }
1982
1983         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1984             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
1985             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
1986                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1987                 r = -EIO;
1988                 goto finish;
1989         }
1990
1991         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1992
1993         if (*new_line)
1994                 printf("\n");
1995
1996         *new_line = true;
1997
1998         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1999                 const char *name;
2000
2001                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
2002                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2003                         r = -EIO;
2004                         goto finish;
2005                 }
2006
2007                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2008
2009                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0) {
2010                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2011                         r = -EIO;
2012                         goto finish;
2013                 }
2014
2015                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2016                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2017                         r = -EIO;
2018                         goto finish;
2019                 }
2020
2021                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
2022
2023                 if (show_properties)
2024                         r = print_property(name, &sub3);
2025                 else
2026                         r = status_property(name, &sub3, &info);
2027
2028                 if (r < 0) {
2029                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2030                         r = -EIO;
2031                         goto finish;
2032                 }
2033
2034                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2035         }
2036
2037         if (!show_properties)
2038                 print_status_info(&info);
2039
2040         while ((p = info.exec)) {
2041                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecStatusInfo, exec, info.exec, p);
2042                 exec_status_info_free(p);
2043         }
2044
2045         r = 0;
2046
2047 finish:
2048         if (m)
2049                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2050
2051         if (reply)
2052                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2053
2054         dbus_error_free(&error);
2055
2056         return r;
2057 }
2058
2059 static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2060         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2061         int r;
2062         DBusError error;
2063         unsigned i;
2064         bool show_properties, new_line = false;
2065
2066         assert(bus);
2067         assert(args);
2068
2069         dbus_error_init(&error);
2070
2071         show_properties = !streq(args[0], "status");
2072
2073         if (show_properties && n <= 1) {
2074                 /* If not argument is specified inspect the manager
2075                  * itself */
2076
2077                 r = show_one(bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", show_properties, &new_line);
2078                 goto finish;
2079         }
2080
2081         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2082                 const char *path = NULL;
2083                 uint32_t id;
2084
2085                 if (!show_properties || safe_atou32(args[i], &id) < 0) {
2086
2087                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2088                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2089                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2090                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2091                                               "LoadUnit"))) {
2092                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2093                                 r = -ENOMEM;
2094                                 goto finish;
2095                         }
2096
2097                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2098                                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
2099                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2100                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2101                                 r = -ENOMEM;
2102                                 goto finish;
2103                         }
2104
2105                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2106
2107                                 if (!dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)) {
2108                                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2109                                         r = -EIO;
2110                                         goto finish;
2111                                 }
2112
2113                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
2114
2115                                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2116                                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2117                                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2118                                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2119                                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2120                                                       "GetUnit"))) {
2121                                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2122                                         r = -ENOMEM;
2123                                         goto finish;
2124                                 }
2125
2126                                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2127                                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
2128                                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2129                                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2130                                         r = -ENOMEM;
2131                                         goto finish;
2132                                 }
2133
2134                                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2135                                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2136                                         r = -EIO;
2137                                         goto finish;
2138                                 }
2139                         }
2140
2141                 } else {
2142
2143                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2144                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2145                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2146                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2147                                               "GetJob"))) {
2148                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2149                                 r = -ENOMEM;
2150                                 goto finish;
2151                         }
2152
2153                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2154                                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2155                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2156                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2157                                 r = -ENOMEM;
2158                                 goto finish;
2159                         }
2160
2161                         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2162                                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2163                                 r = -EIO;
2164                                 goto finish;
2165                         }
2166                 }
2167
2168                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2169                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2170                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2171                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
2172                         r = -EIO;
2173                         goto finish;
2174                 }
2175
2176                 if ((r = show_one(bus, path, show_properties, &new_line)) < 0)
2177                         goto finish;
2178
2179                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2180                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2181                 m = reply = NULL;
2182         }
2183
2184         r = 0;
2185
2186 finish:
2187         if (m)
2188                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2189
2190         if (reply)
2191                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2192
2193         dbus_error_free(&error);
2194
2195         return r;
2196 }
2197
2198 static DBusHandlerResult monitor_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
2199         DBusError error;
2200         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2201
2202         assert(connection);
2203         assert(message);
2204
2205         dbus_error_init(&error);
2206
2207         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
2208                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
2209                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
2210                   dbus_message_get_path(message));
2211
2212         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
2213                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
2214                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
2215
2216         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitNew") ||
2217                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitRemoved")) {
2218                 const char *id, *path;
2219
2220                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2221                                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id,
2222                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2223                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
2224                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", error.message);
2225                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "UnitNew"))
2226                         printf("Unit %s added.\n", id);
2227                 else
2228                         printf("Unit %s removed.\n", id);
2229
2230         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobNew") ||
2231                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
2232                 uint32_t id;
2233                 const char *path;
2234
2235                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
2236                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
2237                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2238                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
2239                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", error.message);
2240                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "JobNew"))
2241                         printf("Job %u added.\n", id);
2242                 else
2243                         printf("Job %u removed.\n", id);
2244
2245
2246         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit", "Changed") ||
2247                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job", "Changed")) {
2248
2249                 const char *path, *interface, *property = "Id";
2250                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2251
2252                 path = dbus_message_get_path(message);
2253                 interface = dbus_message_get_interface(message);
2254
2255                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2256                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2257                               path,
2258                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2259                               "Get"))) {
2260                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2261                         goto oom;
2262                 }
2263
2264                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2265                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2266                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
2267                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2268                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2269                         goto finish;
2270                 }
2271
2272                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connection, m, -1, &error))) {
2273                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2274                         goto finish;
2275                 }
2276
2277                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2278                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2279                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2280                         goto finish;
2281                 }
2282
2283                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2284
2285                 if (streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit")) {
2286                         const char *id;
2287
2288                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
2289                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2290                                 goto finish;
2291                         }
2292
2293                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2294                         printf("Unit %s changed.\n", id);
2295                 } else {
2296                         uint32_t id;
2297
2298                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_UINT32)  {
2299                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2300                                 goto finish;
2301                         }
2302
2303                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2304                         printf("Job %u changed.\n", id);
2305                 }
2306         }
2307
2308 finish:
2309         if (m)
2310                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2311
2312         if (reply)
2313                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2314
2315         dbus_error_free(&error);
2316         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
2317
2318 oom:
2319         if (m)
2320                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2321
2322         if (reply)
2323                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2324
2325         dbus_error_free(&error);
2326         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
2327 }
2328
2329 static int monitor(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2330         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2331         DBusError error;
2332         int r;
2333
2334         dbus_error_init(&error);
2335
2336         if (!private_bus) {
2337                 dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
2338                                    "type='signal',"
2339                                    "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
2340                                    "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
2341                                    "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
2342                                    &error);
2343
2344                 if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
2345                         log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
2346                         r = -EIO;
2347                         goto finish;
2348                 }
2349
2350                 dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
2351                                    "type='signal',"
2352                                    "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
2353                                    "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit',"
2354                                    "member='Changed'",
2355                                    &error);
2356
2357                 if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
2358                         log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
2359                         r = -EIO;
2360                         goto finish;
2361                 }
2362
2363                 dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
2364                                    "type='signal',"
2365                                    "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
2366                                    "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job',"
2367                                    "member='Changed'",
2368                                    &error);
2369
2370                 if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
2371                         log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
2372                         r = -EIO;
2373                         goto finish;
2374                 }
2375         }
2376
2377         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, monitor_filter, NULL, NULL)) {
2378                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
2379                 r = -ENOMEM;
2380                 goto finish;
2381         }
2382
2383         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2384                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2385                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2386                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2387                               "Subscribe"))) {
2388                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2389                 r = -ENOMEM;
2390                 goto finish;
2391         }
2392
2393         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2394                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2395                 r = -EIO;
2396                 goto finish;
2397         }
2398
2399         while (dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
2400                 ;
2401
2402         r = 0;
2403
2404 finish:
2405
2406         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter or the matches. */
2407
2408         if (m)
2409                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2410
2411         if (reply)
2412                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2413
2414         dbus_error_free(&error);
2415
2416         return r;
2417 }
2418
2419 static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2420         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2421         DBusError error;
2422         int r;
2423         const char *text;
2424
2425         dbus_error_init(&error);
2426
2427         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2428                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2429                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2430                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2431                               "Dump"))) {
2432                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2433                 return -ENOMEM;
2434         }
2435
2436         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2437                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2438                 r = -EIO;
2439                 goto finish;
2440         }
2441
2442         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2443                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
2444                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2445                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
2446                 r = -EIO;
2447                 goto finish;
2448         }
2449
2450         fputs(text, stdout);
2451
2452         r = 0;
2453
2454 finish:
2455         if (m)
2456                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2457
2458         if (reply)
2459                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2460
2461         dbus_error_free(&error);
2462
2463         return r;
2464 }
2465
2466 static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2467         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2468         DBusError error;
2469         int r;
2470         const char *name = "", *path, *id;
2471         dbus_bool_t cleanup = FALSE;
2472         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2473         const char
2474                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
2475                 *property = "Id";
2476
2477         dbus_error_init(&error);
2478
2479         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2480                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2481                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2482                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2483                               "CreateSnapshot"))) {
2484                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2485                 return -ENOMEM;
2486         }
2487
2488         if (n > 1)
2489                 name = args[1];
2490
2491         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2492                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
2493                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
2494                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2495                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2496                 r = -ENOMEM;
2497                 goto finish;
2498         }
2499
2500         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2501                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2502                 r = -EIO;
2503                 goto finish;
2504         }
2505
2506         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2507                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2508                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2509                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
2510                 r = -EIO;
2511                 goto finish;
2512         }
2513
2514         dbus_message_unref(m);
2515         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2516                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2517                               path,
2518                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2519                               "Get"))) {
2520                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2521                 return -ENOMEM;
2522         }
2523
2524         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2525                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2526                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
2527                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2528                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2529                 r = -ENOMEM;
2530                 goto finish;
2531         }
2532
2533         dbus_message_unref(reply);
2534         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2535                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2536                 r = -EIO;
2537                 goto finish;
2538         }
2539
2540         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2541             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2542                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2543                 r = -EIO;
2544                 goto finish;
2545         }
2546
2547         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2548
2549         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
2550                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2551                 r = -EIO;
2552                 goto finish;
2553         }
2554
2555         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
2556
2557         if (!arg_quiet)
2558                 puts(id);
2559         r = 0;
2560
2561 finish:
2562         if (m)
2563                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2564
2565         if (reply)
2566                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2567
2568         dbus_error_free(&error);
2569
2570         return r;
2571 }
2572
2573 static int delete_snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2574         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2575         int r;
2576         DBusError error;
2577         unsigned i;
2578
2579         assert(bus);
2580         assert(args);
2581
2582         dbus_error_init(&error);
2583
2584         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2585                 const char *path = NULL;
2586
2587                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2588                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2589                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2590                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2591                                       "GetUnit"))) {
2592                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2593                         r = -ENOMEM;
2594                         goto finish;
2595                 }
2596
2597                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2598                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
2599                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2600                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2601                         r = -ENOMEM;
2602                         goto finish;
2603                 }
2604
2605                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2606                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2607                         r = -EIO;
2608                         goto finish;
2609                 }
2610
2611                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2612                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2613                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2614                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
2615                         r = -EIO;
2616                         goto finish;
2617                 }
2618
2619                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2620                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2621                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2622                                       path,
2623                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
2624                                       "Remove"))) {
2625                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2626                         r = -ENOMEM;
2627                         goto finish;
2628                 }
2629
2630                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2631                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2632                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2633                         r = -EIO;
2634                         goto finish;
2635                 }
2636
2637                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2638                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2639                 m = reply = NULL;
2640         }
2641
2642         r = 0;
2643
2644 finish:
2645         if (m)
2646                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2647
2648         if (reply)
2649                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2650
2651         dbus_error_free(&error);
2652
2653         return r;
2654 }
2655
2656 static int clear_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2657         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2658         DBusError error;
2659         int r;
2660         const char *method;
2661
2662         dbus_error_init(&error);
2663
2664         if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
2665                 method = "Reload";
2666         else if (arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC)
2667                 method = "Reexecute";
2668         else {
2669                 assert(arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL);
2670
2671                 method =
2672                         streq(args[0], "clear-jobs")        ? "ClearJobs" :
2673                         streq(args[0], "daemon-reload")     ? "Reload" :
2674                         streq(args[0], "daemon-reexec")     ? "Reexecute" :
2675                         streq(args[0], "reset-maintenance") ? "ResetMaintenance" :
2676                                                               "Exit";
2677         }
2678
2679         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2680                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2681                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2682                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2683                               method))) {
2684                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2685                 return -ENOMEM;
2686         }
2687
2688         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2689
2690                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
2691                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
2692                          * legacy actions. */
2693                         r = 0;
2694                         goto finish;
2695                 }
2696
2697                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2698                 r = -EIO;
2699                 goto finish;
2700         }
2701
2702         r = 1;
2703
2704 finish:
2705         if (m)
2706                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2707
2708         if (reply)
2709                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2710
2711         dbus_error_free(&error);
2712
2713         return r;
2714 }
2715
2716 static int reset_maintenance(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2717         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2718         unsigned i;
2719         int r;
2720         DBusError error;
2721
2722         assert(bus);
2723         dbus_error_init(&error);
2724
2725         if (n <= 1)
2726                 return clear_jobs(bus, args, n);
2727
2728         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
2729
2730                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2731                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2732                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2733                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2734                                       "ResetMaintenanceUnit"))) {
2735                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2736                         r = -ENOMEM;
2737                         goto finish;
2738                 }
2739
2740                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2741                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, args + i,
2742                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2743                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2744                         r = -ENOMEM;
2745                         goto finish;
2746                 }
2747
2748                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2749                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2750                         r = -EIO;
2751                         goto finish;
2752                 }
2753
2754                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2755                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2756                 m = reply = NULL;
2757         }
2758
2759         r = 0;
2760
2761 finish:
2762         if (m)
2763                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2764
2765         if (reply)
2766                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2767
2768         dbus_error_free(&error);
2769
2770         return r;
2771 }
2772
2773 static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2774         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2775         DBusError error;
2776         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
2777         int r;
2778         const char
2779                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2780                 *property = "Environment";
2781
2782         dbus_error_init(&error);
2783
2784         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2785                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2786                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2787                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2788                               "Get"))) {
2789                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2790                 return -ENOMEM;
2791         }
2792
2793         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
2794                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2795                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
2796                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2797                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2798                 r = -ENOMEM;
2799                 goto finish;
2800         }
2801
2802         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2803                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2804                 r = -EIO;
2805                 goto finish;
2806         }
2807
2808         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2809             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2810                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2811                 r = -EIO;
2812                 goto finish;
2813         }
2814
2815         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2816
2817         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
2818             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
2819                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2820                 r = -EIO;
2821                 goto finish;
2822         }
2823
2824         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2825
2826         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2827                 const char *text;
2828
2829                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
2830                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2831                         r = -EIO;
2832                         goto finish;
2833                 }
2834
2835                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub2, &text);
2836                 printf("%s\n", text);
2837
2838                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2);
2839         }
2840
2841         r = 0;
2842
2843 finish:
2844         if (m)
2845                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2846
2847         if (reply)
2848                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2849
2850         dbus_error_free(&error);
2851
2852         return r;
2853 }
2854
2855 static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
2856         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2857         DBusError error;
2858         int r;
2859         const char *method;
2860         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2861         unsigned i;
2862
2863         dbus_error_init(&error);
2864
2865         method = streq(args[0], "set-environment")
2866                 ? "SetEnvironment"
2867                 : "UnsetEnvironment";
2868
2869         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2870                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2871                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2872                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2873                               method))) {
2874
2875                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2876                 return -ENOMEM;
2877         }
2878
2879         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
2880
2881         if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub)) {
2882                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2883                 r = -ENOMEM;
2884                 goto finish;
2885         }
2886
2887         for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
2888                 if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i])) {
2889                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2890                         r = -ENOMEM;
2891                         goto finish;
2892                 }
2893
2894         if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub)) {
2895                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2896                 r = -ENOMEM;
2897                 goto finish;
2898         }
2899
2900         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2901                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2902                 r = -EIO;
2903                 goto finish;
2904         }
2905
2906         r = 0;
2907
2908 finish:
2909         if (m)
2910                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2911
2912         if (reply)
2913                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2914
2915         dbus_error_free(&error);
2916
2917         return r;
2918 }
2919
2920 static int systemctl_help(void) {
2921
2922         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
2923                "Send control commands to or query the systemd manager.\n\n"
2924                "  -h --help          Show this help\n"
2925                "  -t --type=TYPE     List only units of a particular type\n"
2926                "  -p --property=NAME Show only properties by this name\n"
2927                "  -a --all           Show all units/properties, including dead/empty ones\n"
2928                "     --full          Don't ellipsize unit names.\n"
2929                "     --fail          When installing a new job, fail if conflicting jobs are\n"
2930                "                     pending\n"
2931                "     --system        Connect to system bus\n"
2932                "     --session       Connect to session bus\n"
2933                "     --order         When generating graph for dot, show only order\n"
2934                "     --require        When generating graph for dot, show only requirement\n"
2935                "  -q --quiet         Suppress output\n"
2936                "     --no-block      Do not wait until operation finished\n"
2937                "     --no-wall       Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
2938                "Commands:\n"
2939                "  list-units                      List units\n"
2940                "  start [NAME...]                 Start one or more units\n"
2941                "  stop [NAME...]                  Stop one or more units\n"
2942                "  reload [NAME...]                Reload one or more units\n"
2943                "  restart [NAME...]               Start or restart one or more units\n"
2944                "  try-restart [NAME...]           Restart one or more units if active\n"
2945                "  reload-or-restart [NAME...]     Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
2946                "                                  otherwise start or restart\n"
2947                "  reload-or-try-restart [NAME...] Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
2948                "                                  otherwise restart if active\n"
2949                "  isolate [NAME]                  Start one unit and stop all others\n"
2950                "  check [NAME...]                 Check whether units are active\n"
2951                "  status [NAME...]                Show status of one or more units\n"
2952                "  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show properties of one or more\n"
2953                "                                  units/jobs/manager\n"
2954                "  reset-maintenance [NAME...]     Reset maintenance state for all, one\n"
2955                "                                  or more units\n"
2956                "  load [NAME...]                  Load one or more units\n"
2957                "  list-jobs                       List jobs\n"
2958                "  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel one or more jobs\n"
2959                "  clear-jobs                      Cancel all jobs\n"
2960                "  monitor                         Monitor unit/job changes\n"
2961                "  dump                            Dump server status\n"
2962                "  dot                             Dump dependency graph for dot(1)\n"
2963                "  snapshot [NAME]                 Create a snapshot\n"
2964                "  delete [NAME...]                Remove one or more snapshots\n"
2965                "  daemon-reload                   Reload systemd manager configuration\n"
2966                "  daemon-reexec                   Reexecute systemd manager\n"
2967                "  daemon-exit                     Ask the systemd manager to quit\n"
2968                "  show-environment                Dump environment\n"
2969                "  set-environment [NAME=VALUE...] Set one or more environment variables\n"
2970                "  unset-environment [NAME...]     Unset one or more environment variables\n"
2971                "  halt                            Shut down and halt the system\n"
2972                "  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system\n"
2973                "  reboot                          Shut down and reboot the system\n"
2974                "  rescue                          Enter system rescue mode\n"
2975                "  emergency                       Enter system emergency mode\n"
2976                "  default                         Enter system default mode\n",
2977                program_invocation_short_name);
2978
2979         return 0;
2980 }
2981
2982 static int halt_help(void) {
2983
2984         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
2985                "%s the system.\n\n"
2986                "     --help      Show this help\n"
2987                "     --halt      Halt the machine\n"
2988                "  -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine\n"
2989                "     --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
2990                "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
2991                "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
2992                "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
2993                "  -n --no-sync   Don't sync before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
2994                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
2995                program_invocation_short_name,
2996                arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
2997                arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? "Power off" :
2998                                                "Halt");
2999
3000         return 0;
3001 }
3002
3003 static int shutdown_help(void) {
3004
3005         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [now] [WALL...]\n\n"
3006                "Shut down the system.\n\n"
3007                "     --help      Show this help\n"
3008                "  -H --halt      Halt the machine\n"
3009                "  -P --poweroff  Power-off the machine\n"
3010                "  -r --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
3011                "  -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overriden by --halt\n"
3012                "  -k             Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings\n"
3013                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
3014                program_invocation_short_name);
3015
3016         return 0;
3017 }
3018
3019 static int telinit_help(void) {
3020
3021         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}\n\n"
3022                "Send control commands to the init daemon.\n\n"
3023                "     --help      Show this help\n"
3024                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
3025                "Commands:\n"
3026                "  0              Power-off the machine\n"
3027                "  6              Reboot the machine\n"
3028                "  2, 3, 4, 5     Start runlevelX.target unit\n"
3029                "  1, s, S        Enter rescue mode\n"
3030                "  q, Q           Reload init daemon configuration\n"
3031                "  u, U           Reexecute init daemon\n",
3032                program_invocation_short_name);
3033
3034         return 0;
3035 }
3036
3037 static int runlevel_help(void) {
3038
3039         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
3040                "Prints the previous and current runlevel of the init system.\n\n"
3041                "     --help      Show this help\n",
3042                program_invocation_short_name);
3043
3044         return 0;
3045 }
3046
3047 static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
3048
3049         enum {
3050                 ARG_FAIL = 0x100,
3051                 ARG_SESSION,
3052                 ARG_SYSTEM,
3053                 ARG_NO_BLOCK,
3054                 ARG_NO_WALL,
3055                 ARG_ORDER,
3056                 ARG_REQUIRE,
3057                 ARG_FULL
3058         };
3059
3060         static const struct option options[] = {
3061                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, 'h'          },
3062                 { "type",      required_argument, NULL, 't'          },
3063                 { "property",  required_argument, NULL, 'p'          },
3064                 { "all",       no_argument,       NULL, 'a'          },
3065                 { "full",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FULL     },
3066                 { "fail",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAIL     },
3067                 { "session",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SESSION  },
3068                 { "system",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM   },
3069                 { "no-block",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_BLOCK },
3070                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL  },
3071                 { "quiet",     no_argument,       NULL, 'q'          },
3072                 { "order",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ORDER    },
3073                 { "require",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REQUIRE  },
3074                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0            }
3075         };
3076
3077         int c;
3078
3079         assert(argc >= 0);
3080         assert(argv);
3081
3082         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aq", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
3083
3084                 switch (c) {
3085
3086                 case 'h':
3087                         systemctl_help();
3088                         return 0;
3089
3090                 case 't':
3091                         arg_type = optarg;
3092                         break;
3093
3094                 case 'p': {
3095                         char **l;
3096
3097                         if (!(l = strv_append(arg_property, optarg)))
3098                                 return -ENOMEM;
3099
3100                         strv_free(arg_property);
3101                         arg_property = l;
3102
3103                         /* If the user asked for a particular
3104                          * property, show it to him, even if it is
3105                          * empty. */
3106                         arg_all = true;
3107                         break;
3108                 }
3109
3110                 case 'a':
3111                         arg_all = true;
3112                         break;
3113
3114                 case ARG_FAIL:
3115                         arg_fail = true;
3116                         break;
3117
3118                 case ARG_SESSION:
3119                         arg_session = true;
3120                         break;
3121
3122                 case ARG_SYSTEM:
3123                         arg_session = false;
3124                         break;
3125
3126                 case ARG_NO_BLOCK:
3127                         arg_no_block = true;
3128                         break;
3129
3130                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
3131                         arg_no_wall = true;
3132                         break;
3133
3134                 case ARG_ORDER:
3135                         arg_dot = DOT_ORDER;
3136                         break;
3137
3138                 case ARG_REQUIRE:
3139                         arg_dot = DOT_REQUIRE;
3140                         break;
3141
3142                 case ARG_FULL:
3143                         arg_full = true;
3144                         break;
3145
3146                 case 'q':
3147                         arg_quiet = true;
3148                         break;
3149
3150                 case '?':
3151                         return -EINVAL;
3152
3153                 default:
3154                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
3155                         return -EINVAL;
3156                 }
3157         }
3158
3159         return 1;
3160 }
3161
3162 static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
3163
3164         enum {
3165                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
3166                 ARG_HALT,
3167                 ARG_REBOOT,
3168                 ARG_NO_WALL
3169         };
3170
3171         static const struct option options[] = {
3172                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
3173                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HALT    },
3174                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'p'         },
3175                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REBOOT  },
3176                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
3177                 { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
3178                 { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
3179                 { "no-sync",   no_argument,       NULL, 'n'         },
3180                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
3181                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
3182         };
3183
3184         int c, runlevel;
3185
3186         assert(argc >= 0);
3187         assert(argv);
3188
3189         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, NULL) >= 0)
3190                 if (runlevel == '0' || runlevel == '6')
3191                         arg_immediate = true;
3192
3193         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "pfwdnih", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
3194                 switch (c) {
3195
3196                 case ARG_HELP:
3197                         halt_help();
3198                         return 0;
3199
3200                 case ARG_HALT:
3201                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
3202                         break;
3203
3204                 case 'p':
3205                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
3206                         break;
3207
3208                 case ARG_REBOOT:
3209                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
3210                         break;
3211
3212                 case 'f':
3213                         arg_immediate = true;
3214                         break;
3215
3216                 case 'w':
3217                         arg_dry = true;
3218                         break;
3219
3220                 case 'd':
3221                         arg_no_wtmp = true;
3222                         break;
3223
3224                 case 'n':
3225                         arg_no_sync = true;
3226                         break;
3227
3228                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
3229                         arg_no_wall = true;
3230                         break;
3231
3232                 case 'i':
3233                 case 'h':
3234                         /* Compatibility nops */
3235                         break;
3236
3237                 case '?':
3238                         return -EINVAL;
3239
3240                 default:
3241                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
3242                         return -EINVAL;
3243                 }
3244         }
3245
3246         if (optind < argc) {
3247                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
3248                 return -EINVAL;
3249         }
3250
3251         return 1;
3252 }
3253
3254 static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
3255
3256         enum {
3257                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
3258                 ARG_NO_WALL
3259         };
3260
3261         static const struct option options[] = {
3262                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
3263                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, 'H'         },
3264                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'P'         },
3265                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, 'r'         },
3266                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
3267                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
3268         };
3269
3270         int c;
3271
3272         assert(argc >= 0);
3273         assert(argv);
3274
3275         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "HPrhkt:a", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
3276                 switch (c) {
3277
3278                 case ARG_HELP:
3279                         shutdown_help();
3280                         return 0;
3281
3282                 case 'H':
3283                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
3284                         break;
3285
3286                 case 'P':
3287                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
3288                         break;
3289
3290                 case 'r':
3291                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
3292                         break;
3293
3294                 case 'h':
3295                         if (arg_action != ACTION_HALT)
3296                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
3297                         break;
3298
3299                 case 'k':
3300                         arg_dry = true;
3301                         break;
3302
3303                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
3304                         arg_no_wall = true;
3305                         break;
3306
3307                 case 't':
3308                 case 'a':
3309                         /* Compatibility nops */
3310                         break;
3311
3312                 case '?':
3313                         return -EINVAL;
3314
3315                 default:
3316                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
3317                         return -EINVAL;
3318                 }
3319         }
3320
3321         if (argc > optind && !streq(argv[optind], "now"))
3322                 log_warning("First argument '%s' isn't 'now'. Ignoring.", argv[optind]);
3323
3324         /* We ignore the time argument */
3325         if (argc > optind + 1)
3326                 arg_wall = argv + optind + 1;
3327
3328         optind = argc;
3329
3330         return 1;
3331 }
3332
3333 static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
3334
3335         enum {
3336                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
3337                 ARG_NO_WALL
3338         };
3339
3340         static const struct option options[] = {
3341                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
3342                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
3343                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
3344         };
3345
3346         static const struct {
3347                 char from;
3348                 enum action to;
3349         } table[] = {
3350                 { '0', ACTION_POWEROFF },
3351                 { '6', ACTION_REBOOT },
3352                 { '1', ACTION_RESCUE },
3353                 { '2', ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 },
3354                 { '3', ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 },
3355                 { '4', ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 },
3356                 { '5', ACTION_RUNLEVEL5 },
3357                 { 's', ACTION_RESCUE },
3358                 { 'S', ACTION_RESCUE },
3359                 { 'q', ACTION_RELOAD },
3360                 { 'Q', ACTION_RELOAD },
3361                 { 'u', ACTION_REEXEC },
3362                 { 'U', ACTION_REEXEC }
3363         };
3364
3365         unsigned i;
3366         int c;
3367
3368         assert(argc >= 0);
3369         assert(argv);
3370
3371         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
3372                 switch (c) {
3373
3374                 case ARG_HELP:
3375                         telinit_help();
3376                         return 0;
3377
3378                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
3379                         arg_no_wall = true;
3380                         break;
3381
3382                 case '?':
3383                         return -EINVAL;
3384
3385                 default:
3386                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
3387                         return -EINVAL;
3388                 }
3389         }
3390
3391         if (optind >= argc) {
3392                 telinit_help();
3393                 return -EINVAL;
3394         }
3395
3396         if (optind + 1 < argc) {
3397                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
3398                 return -EINVAL;
3399         }
3400
3401         if (strlen(argv[optind]) != 1) {
3402                 log_error("Expected single character argument.");
3403                 return -EINVAL;
3404         }
3405
3406         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
3407                 if (table[i].from == argv[optind][0])
3408                         break;
3409
3410         if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) {
3411                 log_error("Unknown command %s.", argv[optind]);
3412                 return -EINVAL;
3413         }
3414
3415         arg_action = table[i].to;
3416
3417         optind ++;
3418
3419         return 1;
3420 }
3421
3422 static int runlevel_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
3423
3424         enum {
3425                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
3426         };
3427
3428         static const struct option options[] = {
3429                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
3430                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
3431         };
3432
3433         int c;
3434
3435         assert(argc >= 0);
3436         assert(argv);
3437
3438         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
3439                 switch (c) {
3440
3441                 case ARG_HELP:
3442                         runlevel_help();
3443                         return 0;
3444
3445                 case '?':
3446                         return -EINVAL;
3447
3448                 default:
3449                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
3450                         return -EINVAL;
3451                 }
3452         }
3453
3454         if (optind < argc) {
3455                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
3456                 return -EINVAL;
3457         }
3458
3459         return 1;
3460 }
3461
3462 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
3463         assert(argc >= 0);
3464         assert(argv);
3465
3466         if (program_invocation_short_name) {
3467
3468                 if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "halt")) {
3469                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
3470                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
3471                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "poweroff")) {
3472                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
3473                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
3474                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "reboot")) {
3475                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
3476                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
3477                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "shutdown")) {
3478                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
3479                         return shutdown_parse_argv(argc, argv);
3480                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
3481                         arg_action = ACTION_INVALID;
3482                         return telinit_parse_argv(argc, argv);
3483                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "runlevel")) {
3484                         arg_action = ACTION_RUNLEVEL;
3485                         return runlevel_parse_argv(argc, argv);
3486                 }
3487         }
3488
3489         arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
3490         return systemctl_parse_argv(argc, argv);
3491 }
3492
3493 static int action_to_runlevel(void) {
3494
3495         static const char table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
3496                 [ACTION_HALT] =      '0',
3497                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] =  '0',
3498                 [ACTION_REBOOT] =    '6',
3499                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = '2',
3500                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = '3',
3501                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = '4',
3502                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = '5',
3503                 [ACTION_RESCUE] =    '1'
3504         };
3505
3506         assert(arg_action < _ACTION_MAX);
3507
3508         return table[arg_action];
3509 }
3510
3511 static int talk_upstart(void) {
3512         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3513         DBusError error;
3514         int previous, rl, r;
3515         char
3516                 env1_buf[] = "RUNLEVEL=X",
3517                 env2_buf[] = "PREVLEVEL=X";
3518         char *env1 = env1_buf, *env2 = env2_buf;
3519         const char *emit = "runlevel";
3520         dbus_bool_t b_false = FALSE;
3521         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
3522         DBusConnection *bus;
3523
3524         dbus_error_init(&error);
3525
3526         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
3527                 return 0;
3528
3529         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&previous, NULL) < 0)
3530                 previous = 'N';
3531
3532         if (!(bus = dbus_connection_open_private("unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart", &error))) {
3533                 if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_SERVER)) {
3534                         r = 0;
3535                         goto finish;
3536                 }
3537
3538                 log_error("Failed to connect to Upstart bus: %s", error.message);
3539                 r = -EIO;
3540                 goto finish;
3541         }
3542
3543         if ((r = bus_check_peercred(bus)) < 0) {
3544                 log_error("Failed to verify owner of bus.");
3545                 goto finish;
3546         }
3547
3548         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3549                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart",
3550                               "/com/ubuntu/Upstart",
3551                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6",
3552                               "EmitEvent"))) {
3553
3554                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
3555                 r = -ENOMEM;
3556                 goto finish;
3557         }
3558
3559         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
3560
3561         env1_buf[sizeof(env1_buf)-2] = rl;
3562         env2_buf[sizeof(env2_buf)-2] = previous;
3563
3564         if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &emit) ||
3565             !dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub) ||
3566             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env1) ||
3567             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env2) ||
3568             !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub) ||
3569             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &b_false)) {
3570                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
3571                 r = -ENOMEM;
3572                 goto finish;
3573         }
3574
3575         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
3576
3577                 if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
3578                         r = 0;
3579                         goto finish;
3580                 }
3581
3582                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
3583                 r = -EIO;
3584                 goto finish;
3585         }
3586
3587         r = 1;
3588
3589 finish:
3590         if (m)
3591                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3592
3593         if (reply)
3594                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3595
3596         if (bus) {
3597                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
3598                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
3599         }
3600
3601         dbus_error_free(&error);
3602
3603         return r;
3604 }
3605
3606 static int talk_initctl(void) {
3607         struct init_request request;
3608         int r, fd;
3609         char rl;
3610
3611         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
3612                 return 0;
3613
3614         zero(request);
3615         request.magic = INIT_MAGIC;
3616         request.sleeptime = 0;
3617         request.cmd = INIT_CMD_RUNLVL;
3618         request.runlevel = rl;
3619
3620         if ((fd = open(INIT_FIFO, O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) {
3621
3622                 if (errno == ENOENT)
3623                         return 0;
3624
3625                 log_error("Failed to open "INIT_FIFO": %m");
3626                 return -errno;
3627         }
3628
3629         errno = 0;
3630         r = loop_write(fd, &request, sizeof(request), false) != sizeof(request);
3631         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3632
3633         if (r < 0) {
3634                 log_error("Failed to write to "INIT_FIFO": %m");
3635                 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
3636         }
3637
3638         return 1;
3639 }
3640
3641 static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[]) {
3642
3643         static const struct {
3644                 const char* verb;
3645                 const enum {
3646                         MORE,
3647                         LESS,
3648                         EQUAL
3649                 } argc_cmp;
3650                 const int argc;
3651                 int (* const dispatch)(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n);
3652         } verbs[] = {
3653                 { "list-units",        LESS,  1, list_units      },
3654                 { "list-jobs",         EQUAL, 1, list_jobs       },
3655                 { "clear-jobs",        EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
3656                 { "load",              MORE,  2, load_unit       },
3657                 { "cancel",            MORE,  2, cancel_job      },
3658                 { "start",             MORE,  2, start_unit      },
3659                 { "stop",              MORE,  2, start_unit      },
3660                 { "reload",            MORE,  2, start_unit      },
3661                 { "restart",           MORE,  2, start_unit      },
3662                 { "try-restart",       MORE,  2, start_unit      },
3663                 { "reload-or-restart", MORE,  2, start_unit      },
3664                 { "reload-or-try-restart", MORE, 2, start_unit   },
3665                 { "force-reload",      MORE,  2, start_unit      }, /* For compatibility with SysV */
3666                 { "condrestart",       MORE,  2, start_unit      }, /* For compatibility with RH */
3667                 { "isolate",           EQUAL, 2, start_unit      },
3668                 { "check",             MORE,  2, check_unit      },
3669                 { "show",              MORE,  1, show            },
3670                 { "status",            MORE,  2, show            },
3671                 { "monitor",           EQUAL, 1, monitor         },
3672                 { "dump",              EQUAL, 1, dump            },
3673                 { "dot",               EQUAL, 1, dot             },
3674                 { "snapshot",          LESS,  2, snapshot        },
3675                 { "delete",            MORE,  2, delete_snapshot },
3676                 { "daemon-reload",     EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
3677                 { "daemon-reexec",     EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
3678                 { "daemon-exit",       EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
3679                 { "show-environment",  EQUAL, 1, show_enviroment },
3680                 { "set-environment",   MORE,  2, set_environment },
3681                 { "unset-environment", MORE,  2, set_environment },
3682                 { "halt",              EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
3683                 { "poweroff",          EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
3684                 { "reboot",            EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
3685                 { "default",           EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
3686                 { "rescue",            EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
3687                 { "emergency",         EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
3688                 { "reset-maintenance", MORE,  1, reset_maintenance },
3689         };
3690
3691         int left;
3692         unsigned i;
3693
3694         assert(bus);
3695         assert(argc >= 0);
3696         assert(argv);
3697
3698         left = argc - optind;
3699
3700         if (left <= 0)
3701                 /* Special rule: no arguments means "list-units" */
3702                 i = 0;
3703         else {
3704                 if (streq(argv[optind], "help")) {
3705                         systemctl_help();
3706                         return 0;
3707                 }
3708
3709                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(verbs); i++)
3710                         if (streq(argv[optind], verbs[i].verb))
3711                                 break;
3712
3713                 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(verbs)) {
3714                         log_error("Unknown operation %s", argv[optind]);
3715                         return -EINVAL;
3716                 }
3717         }
3718
3719         switch (verbs[i].argc_cmp) {
3720
3721         case EQUAL:
3722                 if (left != verbs[i].argc) {
3723                         log_error("Invalid number of arguments.");
3724                         return -EINVAL;
3725                 }
3726
3727                 break;
3728
3729         case MORE:
3730                 if (left < verbs[i].argc) {
3731                         log_error("Too few arguments.");
3732                         return -EINVAL;
3733                 }
3734
3735                 break;
3736
3737         case LESS:
3738                 if (left > verbs[i].argc) {
3739                         log_error("Too many arguments.");
3740                         return -EINVAL;
3741                 }
3742
3743                 break;
3744
3745         default:
3746                 assert_not_reached("Unknown comparison operator.");
3747         }
3748
3749         return verbs[i].dispatch(bus, argv + optind, left);
3750 }
3751
3752 static int reload_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
3753         int r;
3754
3755         if (bus) {
3756                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
3757                 if ((r = clear_jobs(bus, NULL, 0)) > 0)
3758                         return 0;
3759         }
3760
3761         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try signals */
3762         assert(arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD || arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC);
3763
3764         if (kill(1, arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD ? SIGHUP : SIGTERM) < 0) {
3765                 log_error("kill() failed: %m");
3766                 return -errno;
3767         }
3768
3769         return 0;
3770 }
3771
3772 static int start_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
3773         int r;
3774
3775
3776         if (bus) {
3777                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
3778                 if ((r = start_unit(bus, NULL, 0)) > 0)
3779                         goto done;
3780
3781                 /* Hmm, talking to systemd via D-Bus didn't work. Then
3782                  * let's try to talk to Upstart via D-Bus. */
3783                 if ((r = talk_upstart()) > 0)
3784                         goto done;
3785         }
3786
3787         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try
3788          * /dev/initctl */
3789         if ((r = talk_initctl()) != 0)
3790                 goto done;
3791
3792         log_error("Failed to talk to init daemon.");
3793         return -EIO;
3794
3795 done:
3796         warn_wall(arg_action);
3797         return 0;
3798 }
3799
3800 static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
3801         int r;
3802
3803         if (geteuid() != 0) {
3804                 log_error("Must to be root.");
3805                 return -EPERM;
3806         }
3807
3808         if (!arg_dry && !arg_immediate)
3809                 return start_with_fallback(bus);
3810
3811         if (!arg_no_wtmp)
3812                 if ((r = utmp_put_shutdown(0)) < 0)
3813                         log_warning("Failed to write utmp record: %s", strerror(-r));
3814
3815         if (!arg_no_sync)
3816                 sync();
3817
3818         if (arg_dry)
3819                 return 0;
3820
3821         /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
3822          * point on... */
3823         reboot(RB_ENABLE_CAD);
3824
3825         switch (arg_action) {
3826
3827         case ACTION_HALT:
3828                 log_info("Halting");
3829                 reboot(RB_HALT_SYSTEM);
3830                 break;
3831
3832         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
3833                 log_info("Powering off");
3834                 reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
3835                 break;
3836
3837         case ACTION_REBOOT:
3838                 log_info("Rebooting");
3839                 reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
3840                 break;
3841
3842         default:
3843                 assert_not_reached("Unknown halt action.");
3844         }
3845
3846         /* We should never reach this. */
3847         return -ENOSYS;
3848 }
3849
3850 static int runlevel_main(void) {
3851         int r, runlevel, previous;
3852
3853         if ((r = utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, &previous)) < 0) {
3854                 printf("unknown");
3855                 return r;
3856         }
3857
3858         printf("%c %c\n",
3859                previous <= 0 ? 'N' : previous,
3860                runlevel <= 0 ? 'N' : runlevel);
3861
3862         return 0;
3863 }
3864
3865 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
3866         int r, retval = 1;
3867         DBusConnection *bus = NULL;
3868         DBusError error;
3869
3870         dbus_error_init(&error);
3871
3872         log_parse_environment();
3873
3874         if ((r = parse_argv(argc, argv)) < 0)
3875                 goto finish;
3876         else if (r == 0) {
3877                 retval = 0;
3878                 goto finish;
3879         }
3880
3881         /* /sbin/runlevel doesn't need to communicate via D-Bus, so
3882          * let's shortcut this */
3883         if (arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL) {
3884                 retval = runlevel_main() < 0;
3885                 goto finish;
3886         }
3887
3888         bus_connect(arg_session ? DBUS_BUS_SESSION : DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM, &bus, &private_bus, &error);
3889
3890         switch (arg_action) {
3891
3892         case ACTION_SYSTEMCTL: {
3893
3894                 if (!bus) {
3895                         log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s", error.message);
3896                         goto finish;
3897                 }
3898
3899                 retval = systemctl_main(bus, argc, argv) < 0;
3900                 break;
3901         }
3902
3903         case ACTION_HALT:
3904         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
3905         case ACTION_REBOOT:
3906                 retval = halt_main(bus) < 0;
3907                 break;
3908
3909         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL2:
3910         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL3:
3911         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL4:
3912         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL5:
3913         case ACTION_RESCUE:
3914         case ACTION_EMERGENCY:
3915         case ACTION_DEFAULT:
3916                 retval = start_with_fallback(bus) < 0;
3917                 break;
3918
3919         case ACTION_RELOAD:
3920         case ACTION_REEXEC:
3921                 retval = reload_with_fallback(bus) < 0;
3922                 break;
3923
3924         case ACTION_INVALID:
3925         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL:
3926         default:
3927                 assert_not_reached("Unknown action");
3928         }
3929
3930 finish:
3931
3932         if (bus) {
3933                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
3934                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
3935         }
3936
3937         dbus_error_free(&error);
3938
3939         dbus_shutdown();
3940
3941         strv_free(arg_property);
3942
3943         return retval;
3944 }