1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
6 This file is part of systemd.
8 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
10 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
11 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
12 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
13 (at your option) any later version.
15 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
16 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
18 Lesser General Public License for more details.
20 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
21 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
35 #include <sys/types.h>
36 #include <sys/socket.h>
43 #include <sys/inotify.h>
44 #include <sys/statfs.h>
48 #include "time-util.h"
49 #include "formats-util.h"
51 /* What is interpreted as whitespace? */
52 #define WHITESPACE " \t\n\r"
53 #define NEWLINE "\n\r"
56 #define GLOB_CHARS "*?["
58 /* What characters are special in the shell? */
59 /* must be escaped outside and inside double-quotes */
60 #define SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE "\"\\`$"
61 /* can be escaped or double-quoted */
62 #define SHELL_NEED_QUOTES SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE GLOB_CHARS "'()<>|&;"
64 #define FORMAT_BYTES_MAX 8
66 size_t page_size(void) _pure_;
67 #define PAGE_ALIGN(l) ALIGN_TO((l), page_size())
69 #define streq(a,b) (strcmp((a),(b)) == 0)
70 #define strneq(a, b, n) (strncmp((a), (b), (n)) == 0)
71 #define strcaseeq(a,b) (strcasecmp((a),(b)) == 0)
72 #define strncaseeq(a, b, n) (strncasecmp((a), (b), (n)) == 0)
74 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) _pure_;
76 #define new(t, n) ((t*) malloc_multiply(sizeof(t), (n)))
78 #define new0(t, n) ((t*) calloc((n), sizeof(t)))
80 #define newa(t, n) ((t*) alloca(sizeof(t)*(n)))
82 #define newa0(t, n) ((t*) alloca0(sizeof(t)*(n)))
84 #define newdup(t, p, n) ((t*) memdup_multiply(p, sizeof(t), (n)))
86 #define malloc0(n) (calloc((n), 1))
88 static inline const char* yes_no(bool b) {
89 return b ? "yes" : "no";
92 static inline const char* true_false(bool b) {
93 return b ? "true" : "false";
96 static inline const char* one_zero(bool b) {
100 static inline const char* strempty(const char *s) {
104 static inline const char* strnull(const char *s) {
105 return s ? s : "(null)";
108 static inline const char *strna(const char *s) {
109 return s ? s : "n/a";
112 static inline bool isempty(const char *p) {
116 static inline char *startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
120 if (strncmp(s, prefix, l) == 0)
121 return (char*) s + l;
126 static inline char *startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
130 if (strncasecmp(s, prefix, l) == 0)
131 return (char*) s + l;
136 char *endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) _pure_;
137 char *endswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *postfix) _pure_;
139 char *first_word(const char *s, const char *word) _pure_;
141 int close_nointr(int fd);
142 int safe_close(int fd);
143 void safe_close_pair(int p[]);
145 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd);
147 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size);
149 int parse_boolean(const char *v) _pure_;
150 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid);
151 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid);
152 #define parse_gid(s, ret_uid) parse_uid(s, ret_uid)
154 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u);
155 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i);
157 int safe_atollu(const char *s, unsigned long long *ret_u);
158 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_i);
160 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d);
162 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret);
164 #if LONG_MAX == INT_MAX
165 static inline int safe_atolu(const char *s, unsigned long *ret_u) {
166 assert_cc(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned));
167 return safe_atou(s, (unsigned*) ret_u);
169 static inline int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_u) {
170 assert_cc(sizeof(long int) == sizeof(int));
171 return safe_atoi(s, (int*) ret_u);
174 static inline int safe_atolu(const char *s, unsigned long *ret_u) {
175 assert_cc(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned long long));
176 return safe_atollu(s, (unsigned long long*) ret_u);
178 static inline int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_u) {
179 assert_cc(sizeof(long int) == sizeof(long long int));
180 return safe_atolli(s, (long long int*) ret_u);
184 static inline int safe_atou32(const char *s, uint32_t *ret_u) {
185 assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(unsigned));
186 return safe_atou(s, (unsigned*) ret_u);
189 static inline int safe_atoi32(const char *s, int32_t *ret_i) {
190 assert_cc(sizeof(int32_t) == sizeof(int));
191 return safe_atoi(s, (int*) ret_i);
194 static inline int safe_atou64(const char *s, uint64_t *ret_u) {
195 assert_cc(sizeof(uint64_t) == sizeof(unsigned long long));
196 return safe_atollu(s, (unsigned long long*) ret_u);
199 static inline int safe_atoi64(const char *s, int64_t *ret_i) {
200 assert_cc(sizeof(int64_t) == sizeof(long long int));
201 return safe_atolli(s, (long long int*) ret_i);
204 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret);
205 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret);
207 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted);
209 #define FOREACH_WORD(word, length, s, state) \
210 _FOREACH_WORD(word, length, s, WHITESPACE, false, state)
212 #define FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(word, length, s, separator, state) \
213 _FOREACH_WORD(word, length, s, separator, false, state)
215 #define FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, length, s, state) \
216 _FOREACH_WORD(word, length, s, WHITESPACE, true, state)
218 #define _FOREACH_WORD(word, length, s, separator, quoted, state) \
219 for ((state) = (s), (word) = split(&(state), &(length), (separator), (quoted)); (word); (word) = split(&(state), &(length), (separator), (quoted)))
221 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix);
222 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t length);
224 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret);
225 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r);
226 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret);
227 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r);
228 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r);
230 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void);
231 int reset_signal_mask(void);
233 char *strstrip(char *s);
234 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad);
235 char *truncate_nl(char *s);
237 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename);
239 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop);
241 char hexchar(int x) _const_;
242 int unhexchar(char c) _const_;
243 char octchar(int x) _const_;
244 int unoctchar(char c) _const_;
245 char decchar(int x) _const_;
246 int undecchar(char c) _const_;
248 char *cescape(const char *s);
249 size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf);
251 typedef enum UnescapeFlags {
255 int cunescape(const char *s, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret);
256 int cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret);
257 int cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret);
259 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad);
261 char *ascii_strlower(char *path);
263 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) _pure_;
264 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) _pure_;
266 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) _pure_;
268 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) _pure_;
270 /* For basic lookup tables with strictly enumerated entries */
271 #define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,scope) \
272 scope const char *name##_to_string(type i) { \
273 if (i < 0 || i >= (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table)) \
275 return name##_table[i]; \
278 ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key);
280 #define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,scope) \
281 scope inline type name##_from_string(const char *s) { \
282 return (type)string_table_lookup(name##_table, ELEMENTSOF(name##_table), s); \
285 #define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,scope) \
286 _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,scope) \
287 _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,scope) \
288 struct __useless_struct_to_allow_trailing_semicolon__
290 #define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,)
291 #define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,static)
292 #define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,static)
293 #define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,static)
295 /* For string conversions where numbers are also acceptable */
296 #define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(name,type,max) \
297 int name##_to_string_alloc(type i, char **str) { \
300 if (i < 0 || i > max) \
302 if (i < (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table)) { \
303 s = strdup(name##_table[i]); \
307 r = asprintf(&s, "%i", i); \
314 type name##_from_string(const char *s) { \
318 for (i = 0; i < (type)ELEMENTSOF(name##_table); i++) \
319 if (name##_table[i] && \
320 streq(name##_table[i], s)) \
322 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0 && u <= max) \
326 struct __useless_struct_to_allow_trailing_semicolon__
328 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock);
329 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec);
331 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except);
333 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype);
335 int flush_fd(int fd);
337 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...);
338 int default_signals(int sig, ...);
339 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...);
341 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path);
343 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll);
344 int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll);
345 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll);
347 bool is_device_path(const char *path);
349 int dir_is_empty(const char *path);
350 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path);
352 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...);
353 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...);
355 char* lookup_uid(uid_t uid);
356 char* getlogname_malloc(void);
357 char* getusername_malloc(void);
359 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
360 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
362 bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) _pure_;
363 int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd);
365 int pipe_eof(int fd);
367 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus);
369 #define xsprintf(buf, fmt, ...) assert_se((size_t) snprintf(buf, ELEMENTSOF(buf), fmt, __VA_ARGS__) < ELEMENTSOF(buf))
371 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb);
373 int running_in_chroot(void);
375 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent);
377 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent);
379 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode);
380 int touch(const char *path);
382 noreturn void freeze(void);
384 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) _pure_;
385 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn);
386 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd);
388 DIR *xopendirat(int dirfd, const char *name, int flags);
390 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p);
392 void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]);
394 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle);
396 bool plymouth_running(void);
398 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) _pure_;
400 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l);
402 int symlink_idempotent(const char *from, const char *to);
404 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to);
405 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev);
406 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode);
408 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t mode);
410 bool display_is_local(const char *display) _pure_;
411 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path);
413 int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home, const char **shell);
414 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid);
416 int in_gid(gid_t gid);
417 int in_group(const char *name);
419 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid);
420 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid);
422 int glob_exists(const char *path);
423 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path);
425 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de);
427 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list);
429 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) _sentinel_;
431 bool is_main_thread(void);
433 static inline bool _pure_ in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
436 return s[strspn(s, charset)] == '\0';
439 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret);
441 #define NULSTR_FOREACH(i, l) \
442 for ((i) = (l); (i) && *(i); (i) = strchr((i), 0)+1)
444 #define NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(i, j, l) \
445 for ((i) = (l), (j) = strchr((i), 0)+1; (i) && *(i); (i) = strchr((j), 0)+1, (j) = *(i) ? strchr((i), 0)+1 : (i))
447 int ioprio_class_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
448 int ioprio_class_from_string(const char *s);
450 const char *sigchld_code_to_string(int i) _const_;
451 int sigchld_code_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
453 int log_facility_unshifted_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
454 int log_facility_unshifted_from_string(const char *s);
456 int log_level_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
457 int log_level_from_string(const char *s);
459 int sched_policy_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
460 int sched_policy_from_string(const char *s);
462 const char *rlimit_to_string(int i) _const_;
463 int rlimit_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
465 int ip_tos_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
466 int ip_tos_from_string(const char *s);
468 const char *signal_to_string(int i) _const_;
469 int signal_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
471 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s);
473 extern int saved_argc;
474 extern char **saved_argv;
476 bool kexec_loaded(void);
478 int prot_from_flags(int flags) _const_;
480 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t);
482 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t timeout);
484 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) _alloc_(2);
486 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n);
487 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n);
489 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...);
491 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim);
493 bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) _pure_;
494 bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) _pure_;
496 bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag);
498 bool in_initrd(void);
500 int get_home_dir(char **ret);
501 int get_shell(char **_ret);
503 static inline void freep(void *p) {
507 static inline void closep(int *fd) {
511 static inline void umaskp(mode_t *u) {
515 static inline void close_pairp(int (*p)[2]) {
519 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(FILE*, fclose);
520 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(FILE*, pclose);
521 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(DIR*, closedir);
522 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(FILE*, endmntent);
524 #define _cleanup_free_ _cleanup_(freep)
525 #define _cleanup_close_ _cleanup_(closep)
526 #define _cleanup_umask_ _cleanup_(umaskp)
527 #define _cleanup_globfree_ _cleanup_(globfree)
528 #define _cleanup_fclose_ _cleanup_(fclosep)
529 #define _cleanup_pclose_ _cleanup_(pclosep)
530 #define _cleanup_closedir_ _cleanup_(closedirp)
531 #define _cleanup_endmntent_ _cleanup_(endmntentp)
532 #define _cleanup_close_pair_ _cleanup_(close_pairp)
534 _malloc_ _alloc_(1, 2) static inline void *malloc_multiply(size_t a, size_t b) {
535 if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
538 return malloc(a * b);
541 _alloc_(2, 3) static inline void *realloc_multiply(void *p, size_t a, size_t b) {
542 if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
545 return realloc(p, a * b);
548 _alloc_(2, 3) static inline void *memdup_multiply(const void *p, size_t a, size_t b) {
549 if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
552 return memdup(p, a * b);
555 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) _pure_;
556 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) _pure_;
557 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) _pure_;
558 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) _pure_;
561 * Check if a string contains any glob patterns.
563 _pure_ static inline bool string_is_glob(const char *p) {
564 return !!strpbrk(p, GLOB_CHARS);
567 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
568 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *),
571 #define _(String) gettext (String)
572 void init_gettext(void);
573 bool is_locale_utf8(void);
575 typedef enum DrawSpecialChar {
580 DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET,
584 _DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX
587 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch);
589 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string);
591 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **p, size_t *l);
593 int on_ac_power(void);
595 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f);
596 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f);
598 #define FOREACH_LINE(line, f, on_error) \
600 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) { \
607 #define FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, on_error) \
608 for (errno = 0, de = readdir(d);; errno = 0, de = readdir(d)) \
614 } else if (hidden_file((de)->d_name)) \
618 #define FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, on_error) \
619 for (errno = 0, de = readdir(d);; errno = 0, de = readdir(d)) \
627 static inline void *mempset(void *s, int c, size_t n) {
629 return (uint8_t*)s + n;
632 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l);
633 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l);
635 char *strextend(char **x, ...) _sentinel_;
636 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n);
638 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size);
639 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size);
640 #define GREEDY_REALLOC(array, allocated, need) \
641 greedy_realloc((void**) &(array), &(allocated), (need), sizeof((array)[0]))
643 #define GREEDY_REALLOC0(array, allocated, need) \
644 greedy_realloc0((void**) &(array), &(allocated), (need), sizeof((array)[0]))
646 static inline void _reset_errno_(int *saved_errno) {
647 errno = *saved_errno;
650 #define PROTECT_ERRNO _cleanup_(_reset_errno_) __attribute__((unused)) int _saved_errno_ = errno
652 static inline int negative_errno(void) {
653 /* This helper should be used to shut up gcc if you know 'errno' is
654 * negative. Instead of "return -errno;", use "return negative_errno();"
655 * It will suppress bogus gcc warnings in case it assumes 'errno' might
656 * be 0 and thus the caller's error-handling might not be triggered. */
657 assert_return(errno > 0, -EINVAL);
661 struct _umask_struct_ {
666 static inline void _reset_umask_(struct _umask_struct_ *s) {
670 #define RUN_WITH_UMASK(mask) \
671 for (_cleanup_(_reset_umask_) struct _umask_struct_ _saved_umask_ = { umask(mask), false }; \
672 !_saved_umask_.quit ; \
673 _saved_umask_.quit = true)
675 static inline unsigned u64log2(uint64_t n) {
676 #if __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ == 8
677 return (n > 1) ? (unsigned) __builtin_clzll(n) ^ 63U : 0;
683 static inline unsigned u32ctz(uint32_t n) {
684 #if __SIZEOF_INT__ == 4
685 return __builtin_ctz(n);
691 static inline unsigned log2i(int x) {
694 return __SIZEOF_INT__ * 8 - __builtin_clz(x) - 1;
697 static inline unsigned log2u(unsigned x) {
700 return sizeof(unsigned) * 8 - __builtin_clz(x) - 1;
703 static inline unsigned log2u_round_up(unsigned x) {
709 return log2u(x - 1) + 1;
712 static inline bool logind_running(void) {
713 return access("/run/systemd/seats/", F_OK) >= 0;
716 #define DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(x) \
718 typeof(x) _x_ = (x); \
725 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path);
731 _new_ = alloca(_len_); \
732 (void *) memset(_new_, 0, _len_); \
735 /* It's not clear what alignment glibc/gcc alloca() guarantee, hence provide a guaranteed safe version */
736 #define alloca_align(size, align) \
739 size_t _mask_ = (align) - 1; \
740 _ptr_ = alloca((size) + _mask_); \
741 (void*)(((uintptr_t)_ptr_ + _mask_) & ~_mask_); \
744 #define alloca0_align(size, align) \
747 size_t _size_ = (size); \
748 _new_ = alloca_align(_size_, (align)); \
749 (void*)memset(_new_, 0, _size_); \
752 #define strjoina(a, ...) \
754 const char *_appendees_[] = { a, __VA_ARGS__ }; \
758 for (_i_ = 0; _i_ < ELEMENTSOF(_appendees_) && _appendees_[_i_]; _i_++) \
759 _len_ += strlen(_appendees_[_i_]); \
760 _p_ = _d_ = alloca(_len_ + 1); \
761 for (_i_ = 0; _i_ < ELEMENTSOF(_appendees_) && _appendees_[_i_]; _i_++) \
762 _p_ = stpcpy(_p_, _appendees_[_i_]); \
767 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) _pure_;
769 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r);
771 int shall_restore_state(void);
774 * Normal qsort requires base to be nonnull. Here were require
775 * that only if nmemb > 0.
777 static inline void qsort_safe(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, comparison_fn_t compar) {
782 qsort(base, nmemb, size, compar);
785 /* Normal memmem() requires haystack to be nonnull, which is annoying for zero-length buffers */
786 static inline void *memmem_safe(const void *haystack, size_t haystacklen, const void *needle, size_t needlelen) {
789 return (void*) haystack;
791 if (haystacklen < needlelen)
797 return memmem(haystack, haystacklen, needle, needlelen);
800 int proc_cmdline(char **ret);
801 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_word)(const char *key, const char *value));
802 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *parameter, char **value);
804 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid);
806 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd);
807 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd);
809 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred);
810 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret);
812 int writev_safe(int fd, const struct iovec *w, int j);
814 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags);
815 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags);
817 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd);
819 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p);
820 const char *personality_to_string(unsigned long);
822 uint64_t physical_memory(void);
824 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s);
826 union file_handle_union {
827 struct file_handle handle;
828 char padding[sizeof(struct file_handle) + MAX_HANDLE_SZ];
830 #define FILE_HANDLE_INIT { .handle.handle_bytes = MAX_HANDLE_SZ }
832 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param);
834 int umount_recursive(const char *target, int flags);
836 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro);
838 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f);
840 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret);
841 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret);
842 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret);
844 int take_password_lock(const char *root);
846 int is_symlink(const char *path);
847 int is_dir(const char *path, bool follow);
848 int is_device_node(const char *path);
850 typedef enum UnquoteFlags {
852 UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE = 2,
855 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, UnquoteFlags flags);
856 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, UnquoteFlags flags, ...) _sentinel_;
858 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s);
860 #define INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX (sizeof(struct inotify_event) + NAME_MAX + 1)
862 #define FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, sz) \
863 for ((e) = &buffer.ev; \
864 (uint8_t*) (e) < (uint8_t*) (buffer.raw) + (sz); \
865 (e) = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) (e) + sizeof(struct inotify_event) + (e)->len))
867 union inotify_event_buffer {
868 struct inotify_event ev;
869 uint8_t raw[INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX];
872 #define laccess(path, mode) faccessat(AT_FDCWD, (path), (mode), AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)
874 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret);
876 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags);
878 ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags);
880 int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec);
881 int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec);
882 int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec);
883 int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags);
885 int chattr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask);
886 int chattr_path(const char *p, unsigned value, unsigned mask);
888 int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret);
889 int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret);
891 #define RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(lim) ((struct rlimit) { lim, lim })
893 ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length);
895 void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid);
896 #define _cleanup_sigkill_wait_ _cleanup_(sigkill_wait)
898 int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility);
900 void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh);
902 int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath);
904 char *shell_maybe_quote(const char *s);
906 int parse_mode(const char *s, mode_t *ret);