1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #include <sys/capability.h>
66 #include "path-util.h"
67 #include "exit-status.h"
71 char **saved_argv = NULL;
73 size_t page_size(void) {
74 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
77 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
80 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
87 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
89 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
100 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
103 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
105 return timespec_load(&ts);
108 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
111 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
112 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
117 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
126 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
128 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
130 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
131 ts->monotonic -= delta;
139 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
143 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
144 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
147 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
150 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
151 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
156 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
160 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
161 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
164 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
167 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
168 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
173 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
180 pl = strlen(postfix);
188 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
191 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
206 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
209 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
225 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
226 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
233 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
248 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
252 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
255 int close_nointr(int fd) {
270 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
271 int saved_errno = errno;
273 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
276 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
281 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
284 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
285 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
288 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
291 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
293 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
299 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
300 unsigned long ul = 0;
307 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
312 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
322 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
323 unsigned long ul = 0;
330 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
335 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
342 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
350 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
352 if (!x || *x || errno)
353 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
355 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
358 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
362 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
370 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
372 if (!x || *x || errno)
373 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
375 if ((long) (int) l != l)
382 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
384 unsigned long long l;
390 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
392 if (!x || *x || errno)
393 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
399 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
407 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
409 if (!x || *x || errno)
410 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
416 /* Split a string into words. */
417 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
420 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
422 if (!*current || *c == 0)
425 current += strspn(current, separator);
426 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
429 return (char*) current;
432 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
433 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
434 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
436 bool escaped = false;
438 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
440 if (!*current || *c == 0)
443 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
445 if (*current == '\'') {
448 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
458 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
459 } else if (*current == '\"') {
462 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
472 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
474 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
479 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
486 return (char*) current;
489 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
492 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
498 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
501 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
504 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
505 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
512 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
513 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
514 * skip over it manually */
516 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
527 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
530 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
535 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
538 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
543 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
546 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
549 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
550 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
557 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
558 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
559 * skip over it manually */
561 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
582 "%*d " /* priority */
584 "%*d " /* num_threads */
585 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
586 "%llu " /* starttime */,
593 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
600 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we")))
604 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
609 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
627 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
632 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
638 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
646 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
650 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
653 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
658 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
669 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
685 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
688 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
697 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
723 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
730 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
733 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
739 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) {
744 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
751 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
757 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
772 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
796 const char *separator, ...) {
799 char *contents = NULL, *p;
804 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
809 const char *key = NULL;
811 p += strspn(p, separator);
812 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
817 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
821 va_start(ap, separator);
822 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
826 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
829 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
834 n = strcspn(p, separator);
837 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
839 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
850 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
867 p += strcspn(p, separator);
886 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
890 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
893 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
906 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
909 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
910 log_error("Out of memory");
915 t = strv_append(m, u);
919 log_error("Out of memory");
942 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
947 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
951 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
967 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
982 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
985 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
989 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
995 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
998 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1001 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
1008 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
1015 assert(max_length > 0);
1019 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1022 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1032 r = new(char, max_length);
1040 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1062 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1063 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1070 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1080 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1084 r = join("[", t, "]", NULL);
1095 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1105 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1114 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1118 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1121 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1126 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1132 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1135 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1138 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1145 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1155 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1165 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1167 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1177 if (startswith(l, "Uid:")) {
1179 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1181 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1183 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1196 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1204 return strndup(suffix, b);
1214 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1218 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1224 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1225 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1228 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1238 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1241 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1247 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1258 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1265 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1268 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1278 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1285 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1289 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1296 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1301 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1304 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1305 struct sigaction sa;
1307 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1311 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1312 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1314 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1315 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1316 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1317 if (errno != EINVAL)
1324 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1327 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1328 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1330 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1332 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1333 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1341 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1344 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1346 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1347 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1358 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1364 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1365 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1371 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1378 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1379 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1382 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1383 return strdup(filename);
1385 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1386 return strdup(filename);
1388 k = strlen(filename);
1389 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1392 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1393 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1398 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1407 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1408 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1414 /* Skip last component */
1415 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1418 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1419 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1425 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1428 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1437 if (errno != ENOENT)
1445 char hexchar(int x) {
1446 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1448 return table[x & 15];
1451 int unhexchar(char c) {
1453 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1456 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1457 return c - 'a' + 10;
1459 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1460 return c - 'A' + 10;
1465 char octchar(int x) {
1466 return '0' + (x & 7);
1469 int unoctchar(char c) {
1471 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1477 char decchar(int x) {
1478 return '0' + (x % 10);
1481 int undecchar(char c) {
1483 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1489 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1495 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1497 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1501 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1547 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1548 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1549 * g_strescape() does the same */
1550 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1552 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1553 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1554 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1565 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1571 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1573 r = new(char, length+1);
1577 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1620 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1625 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1628 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1629 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1631 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1632 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1636 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1651 /* octal encoding */
1654 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1655 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1656 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1658 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1659 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1663 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1671 /* premature end of string.*/
1676 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1688 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1689 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1692 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1696 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1697 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1700 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1703 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1705 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1706 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1709 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1710 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1720 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1726 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1727 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1729 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1732 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1734 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1735 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1736 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1738 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1739 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1749 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1754 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1757 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1762 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1763 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1764 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1767 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1779 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1784 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1785 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1786 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1791 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1795 filename[0] == '.' ||
1796 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1797 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1798 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1799 endswith(filename, "~") ||
1800 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1801 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1802 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1803 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1804 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1805 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1808 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1813 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1817 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1819 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1821 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1827 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1832 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1836 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1838 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1840 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1846 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1849 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1851 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1858 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1863 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1865 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1870 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1871 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1874 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1875 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1877 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1880 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1881 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1888 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1891 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1894 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1895 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1904 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1907 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1908 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1909 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1918 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1921 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1922 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1929 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1939 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1941 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1947 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1950 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1952 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1957 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1958 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1959 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1960 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1961 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1962 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1963 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1964 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1965 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1966 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1967 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1968 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1969 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1970 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1971 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1972 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1973 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1974 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1975 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1976 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1977 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1978 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1979 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1980 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1981 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1982 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1983 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1984 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1985 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1986 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1987 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1988 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1989 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1990 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1991 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1992 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1993 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1995 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1996 (unsigned long long) d);
1998 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2004 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2005 static const struct {
2009 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2010 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2011 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2012 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2013 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2014 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2024 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2028 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2033 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2035 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2039 if (t < table[i].usec)
2045 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2046 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2059 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2060 static const char * const table[] = {
2072 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2073 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2082 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2087 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2091 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) {
2096 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2099 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2103 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2107 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2108 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2110 char line[LINE_MAX];
2115 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2116 new_termios = old_termios;
2118 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2119 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2120 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2122 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2125 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2126 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2127 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2132 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2134 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2140 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2147 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2148 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2151 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2156 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2166 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2173 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2179 bool need_nl = true;
2182 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2189 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2193 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2196 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2197 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2208 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2213 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2217 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2218 struct termios termios;
2221 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2225 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2226 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2227 * interfere with that. */
2229 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2230 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2232 /* Switch to text mode */
2234 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2236 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2237 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2239 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2244 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2245 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2246 * else will do that for us */
2248 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2249 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2250 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2251 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2252 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2254 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2255 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2256 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2257 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2258 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2259 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2260 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2261 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2262 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2263 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2264 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2265 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2266 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2268 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2269 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2271 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2275 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2276 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2281 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2284 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2288 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2289 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2294 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2299 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2300 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2301 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2302 * retrying a couple of times.
2304 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2308 if ((fd = open(name, mode)) >= 0)
2317 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2324 if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
2325 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2330 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2337 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2338 struct pollfd pollfd;
2342 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2349 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2360 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2365 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2376 int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) {
2377 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2381 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2382 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2383 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2385 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2386 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2387 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2388 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2389 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2390 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2391 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2392 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2394 if (!fail && !force) {
2395 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2400 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
2408 if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
2411 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2412 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2413 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2414 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2417 /* First, try to get the tty */
2418 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2420 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2421 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2422 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2423 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2426 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2436 assert(notify >= 0);
2439 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2441 struct inotify_event *e;
2443 if ((l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) {
2452 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2457 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2462 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2463 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2465 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2472 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2473 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2474 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2475 * an endless loop. */
2476 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2480 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2482 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2484 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2490 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2493 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2498 int release_terminal(void) {
2500 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2502 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2505 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2506 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2509 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2510 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2511 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2513 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2516 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2518 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2522 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2527 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2528 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2535 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2536 struct sigaction sa;
2541 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2542 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2544 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2548 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2549 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2556 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2557 struct sigaction sa;
2562 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2563 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2565 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2569 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2570 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2577 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2583 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2588 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2592 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2595 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2604 while (nbytes > 0) {
2607 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2609 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2612 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2613 struct pollfd pollfd;
2617 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2619 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2623 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2626 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2627 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2632 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2643 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2652 while (nbytes > 0) {
2655 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2658 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2661 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2662 struct pollfd pollfd;
2666 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2668 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2672 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2675 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2676 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2681 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2692 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2693 static const struct {
2697 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2698 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2699 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2700 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2701 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2702 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2703 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2704 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2705 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2706 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2709 { "", USEC_PER_SEC },
2725 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2736 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2738 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2739 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2740 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2741 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2745 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2755 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2756 static const struct {
2762 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2763 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2764 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2765 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2766 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2783 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2794 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2796 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2797 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2798 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2799 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2803 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2813 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2818 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2819 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2820 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2823 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2825 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2828 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2829 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2830 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2835 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2838 if ((null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2841 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2844 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2846 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2847 * sysfs or in /dev */
2850 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2851 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2854 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2857 struct dirent buf, *de;
2859 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
2863 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
2873 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
2883 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2888 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2891 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2892 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2894 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2900 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2903 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2906 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2907 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2908 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2909 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2910 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2911 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2914 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2916 if (program_invocation_name)
2917 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2919 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2923 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2925 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2929 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2934 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2941 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2942 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2946 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2949 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2952 return strdup(u.nodename);
2954 return strdup(u.sysname);
2957 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2961 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2964 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2969 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2971 return strdup("root");
2973 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
2976 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
2979 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
2980 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
2987 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2993 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2994 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2999 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3004 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3011 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3015 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3018 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3020 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3027 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3029 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3030 unsigned long ttynr;
3033 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3036 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3041 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3042 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3049 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3059 "%*d " /* session */
3068 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3070 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3075 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3079 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3082 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3087 /* This is an ugly hack */
3088 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3089 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3099 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3100 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3101 * vaguely useful. */
3103 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3113 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3115 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3133 static int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky) {
3139 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3144 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3146 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3150 struct dirent buf, *de;
3151 bool is_dir, keep_around = false;
3154 r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de);
3155 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
3163 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3166 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3169 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3170 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3177 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3178 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3180 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3183 if (honour_sticky) {
3186 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3187 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3193 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3194 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3197 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3203 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3204 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3205 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3210 r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky);
3211 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3215 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3216 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3220 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3222 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3223 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3234 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3240 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3243 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3246 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3247 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3253 r = rm_rf_children(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky);
3257 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3260 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3269 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3272 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3273 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3274 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3276 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3277 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3280 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3281 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3287 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3290 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3291 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3292 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3294 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3297 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3303 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3307 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3310 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3313 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3314 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3324 if (errno != EINVAL)
3331 void status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3333 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3335 struct iovec iovec[5];
3340 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3341 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3343 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3346 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3359 sl = status ? strlen(status_indent) : 0;
3365 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3375 if (!isempty(status)) {
3376 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3377 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3378 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3380 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3383 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3384 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3386 writev(fd, iovec, n);
3392 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3395 void status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3400 va_start(ap, format);
3401 status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3405 void status_welcome(void) {
3406 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3407 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3410 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3411 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3412 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3416 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3419 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3420 const_pretty = "Linux";
3422 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3427 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3428 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3429 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3435 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3442 const char *e, *word = format;
3447 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3458 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3467 } else if (*e == '$') {
3468 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3484 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3487 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3500 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3511 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3513 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3515 l = strv_length(argv);
3517 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3520 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3522 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3523 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3528 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3530 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3541 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3550 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3558 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3559 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3569 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3573 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3582 unsigned columns(void) {
3583 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3586 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0))
3587 return parsed_columns;
3589 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3591 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3593 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3594 parsed_columns = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3596 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3597 parsed_columns = 80;
3599 return parsed_columns;
3602 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3606 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3615 unsigned lines(void) {
3616 static __thread int parsed_lines = 0;
3619 if (_likely_(parsed_lines > 0))
3620 return parsed_lines;
3622 e = getenv("LINES");
3624 parsed_lines = atoi(e);
3626 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3627 parsed_lines = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3629 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3632 return parsed_lines;
3635 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3641 /* Only works as root */
3643 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3646 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3650 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3651 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3654 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3659 assert(percent <= 100);
3660 assert(new_length >= 3);
3662 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3663 return strndup(s, old_length);
3665 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3669 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3671 if (x > new_length - 3)
3679 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3680 new_length - x - 3);
3685 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3686 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3689 int touch(const char *path) {
3694 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
3697 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3701 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3709 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3710 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3715 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3716 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3721 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3727 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3730 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3735 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3743 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
3752 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3763 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3775 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3782 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
3783 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3787 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3788 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3789 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3790 return status.si_status;
3793 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3796 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3797 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3799 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3803 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3808 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3810 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3811 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3819 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3822 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3825 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3831 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3836 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3839 return null_or_empty(&st);
3842 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3846 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
3849 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
3850 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3857 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3861 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
3862 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3863 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3868 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
3874 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
3877 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
3879 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
3880 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
3883 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
3884 unsigned long long a, b;
3889 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
3890 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
3897 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3901 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3902 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3904 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
3906 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
3909 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3915 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
3924 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
3926 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
3929 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3935 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
3947 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3950 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3953 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3956 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3959 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3962 return streq(tty, "console");
3965 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3970 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3973 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3976 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3979 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3983 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3989 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3990 char *active = NULL;
3995 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3998 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
3999 * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
4000 * for container setups) */
4001 if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
4002 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4003 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4004 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4005 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4018 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4021 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4024 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4027 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4030 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4031 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4032 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4038 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4041 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4044 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4047 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4050 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4054 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4055 * until all they all finished. */
4058 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4060 if (errno == ENOENT)
4063 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4070 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4071 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4075 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4080 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4083 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4084 log_error("Out of memory");
4088 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4089 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4107 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4108 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4111 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4113 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4114 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4119 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4120 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4125 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4130 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4134 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4135 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4136 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4137 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4139 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4141 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4152 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4155 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4158 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4166 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4172 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4173 if (streq(i, needle))
4179 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4180 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4183 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p, int *priority) {
4184 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
4194 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
4197 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
4198 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4200 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
4201 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4202 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4204 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
4205 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4206 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4207 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
4212 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0)
4215 *priority = a*100+b*10+c;
4219 void skip_syslog_pid(char **buf) {
4231 p += strspn(p, "0123456789");
4241 void skip_syslog_date(char **buf) {
4249 LETTER, LETTER, LETTER,
4251 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4253 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4255 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4257 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4269 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(sequence); i++, p++) {
4274 switch (sequence[i]) {
4281 case SPACE_OR_NUMBER:
4288 if (*p < '0' || *p > '9')
4294 if (!(*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') &&
4295 !(*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z'))
4311 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4320 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4322 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4323 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4324 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4330 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4336 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4337 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4340 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4346 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4349 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4350 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4351 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4352 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4360 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4364 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4365 struct pollfd pollfd;
4370 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4372 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4379 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4382 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4383 struct pollfd pollfd;
4388 pollfd.events = event;
4390 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4397 return pollfd.revents;
4400 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4411 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4415 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4419 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4421 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4427 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4440 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4443 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4449 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4452 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4456 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4457 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4462 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4466 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4467 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4468 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4470 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4473 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4474 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4475 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4477 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4482 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4483 "\033[H" /* move home */
4484 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4486 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4491 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4494 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4501 /* Try to deallocate */
4502 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4506 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4507 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4515 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4517 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4522 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4523 "\033[H" /* move home */
4524 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4526 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4531 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4537 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4541 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4543 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4551 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4555 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4566 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4568 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4570 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4578 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4579 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4589 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from, const char *to) {
4590 char *pf = NULL, *pt = NULL;
4597 if (path_get_parent(from, &pf) < 0 ||
4598 path_get_parent(to, &pt) < 0) {
4603 if (stat(pf, &a) < 0 ||
4609 if (a.st_dev != b.st_dev) {
4613 return copy_file(from, to);
4616 if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
4630 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4634 unsigned long long ull;
4641 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4645 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4649 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4652 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4653 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4659 r = symlink_or_copy(from, t);
4666 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4677 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4681 display[0] == ':' &&
4682 display[1] >= '0' &&
4686 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4693 if (!display_is_local(display))
4696 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4698 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4702 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4703 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4711 int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
4718 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4719 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4721 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4735 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4739 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4740 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4741 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4742 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4743 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4745 *username = p->pw_name;
4748 p = getpwnam(*username);
4752 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4766 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4772 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4773 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4775 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4776 *groupname = "root";
4784 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4789 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4792 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4796 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4804 int in_group(const char *name) {
4806 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4808 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4812 if (getgid() == gid)
4815 if (getegid() == gid)
4818 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4819 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4821 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4823 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4827 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4834 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4842 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4844 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4846 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4849 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4851 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4858 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4864 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4867 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4871 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4872 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4873 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4874 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4875 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4876 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4877 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4883 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4887 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4893 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4894 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4905 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4913 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4914 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4922 struct dirent buffer, *de;
4925 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
4934 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4936 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4940 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4944 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4953 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4955 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
4979 char *join(const char *x, ...) {
4992 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5015 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5029 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5030 static __thread int cached = 0;
5032 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5033 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5038 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5045 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5046 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5049 r = access(p, F_OK);
5057 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5058 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5061 r = access(p, F_OK);
5067 /* Get parent dev_t */
5068 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5071 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5077 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5083 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5084 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5087 r = access(p, F_OK);
5091 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5098 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5103 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5107 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5108 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5111 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5112 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5113 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5114 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5115 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5118 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5120 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5121 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5122 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5123 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5124 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5125 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5126 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5129 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5131 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5132 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5133 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5134 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5135 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5136 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5137 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5138 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5139 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5140 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5141 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5142 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5143 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5144 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5145 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5146 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5147 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5148 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5149 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5150 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5151 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5154 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5156 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5157 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5158 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5159 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5161 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5162 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5163 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5164 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5167 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5169 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5170 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5171 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5172 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5173 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5177 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5179 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5180 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5181 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5182 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5183 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5184 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5185 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5186 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5187 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5188 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5189 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5190 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5191 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5192 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5193 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5194 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5195 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5198 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5200 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5201 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5202 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5203 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5204 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5207 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5209 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5226 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5237 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5239 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5245 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5247 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5248 static __thread char buf[12];
5251 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5255 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5256 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5258 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5263 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5268 signo =__signal_from_string(s);
5272 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5276 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5277 signo = (int) u + offset;
5278 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5284 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5285 bool loaded = false;
5288 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5296 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5314 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5316 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5325 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5332 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5335 static const struct {
5339 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5340 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5341 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5342 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5343 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5347 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5349 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5352 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5353 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5360 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5368 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5381 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5383 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5385 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5387 l == sizeof(value) &&
5388 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5392 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5399 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5401 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5403 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5405 l == sizeof(value) &&
5406 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5410 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5417 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5418 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5420 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5428 parent_pid = getpid();
5430 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5437 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5444 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5445 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5446 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5448 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5449 * to set the death signal */
5450 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5451 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5453 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5454 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5456 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5457 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5459 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5460 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5461 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5462 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5463 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5464 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5465 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5466 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5467 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5469 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5470 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5474 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5477 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5483 /* Count arguments */
5485 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5490 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5492 /* Fill in arguments */
5494 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5495 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5499 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5502 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5503 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5507 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5513 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5514 * to get as close as we can */
5515 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5517 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5518 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5520 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5526 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5527 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5539 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5542 f = fopen(path, "re");
5550 char line[LINE_MAX];
5553 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5557 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5567 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5568 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5588 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5589 char *p, *w, *state;
5596 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5598 return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
5602 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) {
5603 if (l == k && strncmp(w, type, l) == 0) {