1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
65 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
76 #include "path-util.h"
77 #include "exit-status.h"
81 #include "device-nodes.h"
89 char **saved_argv = NULL;
91 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
94 size_t page_size(void) {
95 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
98 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
101 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
108 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
110 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
121 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
128 pl = strlen(postfix);
131 return (char*) s + sl;
136 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
139 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
142 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
157 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
161 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
164 int close_nointr(int fd) {
170 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
171 * thing to do on Linux.
173 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
174 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
175 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
176 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
178 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
186 int safe_close(int fd) {
189 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
190 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
191 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
193 * fd = safe_close(fd);
198 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
204 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
207 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
209 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
213 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
224 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
227 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
229 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
235 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
236 unsigned long ul = 0;
243 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
249 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
259 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
260 unsigned long ul = 0;
267 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
273 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
280 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
288 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
290 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
291 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
293 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
296 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
300 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
308 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
310 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
311 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
313 if ((long) (int) l != l)
320 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
322 unsigned long long l;
328 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
330 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
331 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
337 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
345 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
347 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
348 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
354 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
361 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
366 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
367 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
373 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
374 bool escaped = false;
377 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
380 else if (s[n] == '\\')
382 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
388 /* Split a string into words. */
389 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted, char **state) {
392 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
394 if (!*current || *c == 0)
397 current += strspn(current, separator);
401 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
402 char quotechar = *(current++);
403 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, (char[]){quotechar, '\0'});
404 *state = current+*l+1;
406 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
409 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
413 return (char*) current;
416 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
418 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
430 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
431 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
435 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
436 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
437 * skip over it manually */
439 p = strrchr(line, ')');
451 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
454 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
459 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
461 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
467 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
468 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
472 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
473 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
474 * skip over it manually */
476 p = strrchr(line, ')');
498 "%*d " /* priority */
500 "%*d " /* num_threads */
501 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
502 "%llu " /* starttime */,
509 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
514 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
520 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
523 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
527 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
531 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
535 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
536 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
540 p = strrchr(line, ')');
546 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
549 return (unsigned char) state;
552 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
559 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
561 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
568 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
569 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
577 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
583 if (max_length == 0) {
584 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
586 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
588 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
593 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
603 r = new(char, max_length);
609 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
631 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
638 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
639 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
640 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
648 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
652 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
661 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
673 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
678 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
682 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
685 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
690 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
696 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
698 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
701 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
709 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
711 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
713 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
715 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
722 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
723 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
733 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
738 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
743 if (startswith(l, field)) {
745 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
747 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
749 return parse_uid(l, uid);
756 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
757 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
760 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
761 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
762 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
765 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
773 return strndup(suffix, b);
782 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
785 r = new(char, a+b+1);
790 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
796 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
797 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
800 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
815 n = readlink(p, c, l-1);
822 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
833 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
834 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
841 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
845 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
853 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
860 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
864 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
871 path_kill_slashes(*r);
876 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
879 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
880 struct sigaction sa = {
881 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
882 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
885 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
888 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
889 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
890 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
898 char *strstrip(char *s) {
901 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
902 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
904 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
906 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
907 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
915 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
918 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
920 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
932 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
939 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
940 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
943 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
944 return strdup(filename);
946 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
947 return strdup(filename);
949 k = strlen(filename);
950 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
953 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
954 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
959 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
968 /* Skip trailing slashes */
969 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
975 /* Skip last component */
976 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
979 /* Skip trailing slashes */
980 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
986 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
989 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1005 char hexchar(int x) {
1006 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1008 return table[x & 15];
1011 int unhexchar(char c) {
1013 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1016 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1017 return c - 'a' + 10;
1019 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1020 return c - 'A' + 10;
1025 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1029 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1033 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1034 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1035 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1042 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1048 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1052 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1055 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1057 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1061 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1068 char octchar(int x) {
1069 return '0' + (x & 7);
1072 int unoctchar(char c) {
1074 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1080 char decchar(int x) {
1081 return '0' + (x % 10);
1084 int undecchar(char c) {
1086 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1092 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1098 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1100 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1104 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1150 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1151 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1152 * g_strescape() does the same */
1153 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1155 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1156 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1157 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1168 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1175 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1177 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1179 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1184 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1186 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1229 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1234 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1237 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1238 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1240 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1241 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1245 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1260 /* octal encoding */
1263 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1264 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1265 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1267 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1268 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1272 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1280 /* premature end of string.*/
1285 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1297 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1298 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1301 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1304 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1307 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1311 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1312 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1315 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1319 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1321 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1322 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1325 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1326 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1336 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1341 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1342 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1343 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1348 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1352 filename[0] == '.' ||
1353 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1354 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1355 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1356 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1357 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1358 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1359 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1360 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1361 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1364 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1367 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1370 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1373 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1378 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1382 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1384 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1386 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1392 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1397 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1401 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1403 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1405 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1411 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1414 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1416 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1423 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1428 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1430 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1435 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1436 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1439 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1440 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1442 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1445 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1446 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1453 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1456 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1459 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1460 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1469 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1472 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1473 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1474 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1483 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1486 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1487 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1494 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1495 static const char table[] =
1508 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1512 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1516 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1518 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1524 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1528 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1531 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1534 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1540 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1541 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1543 char line[LINE_MAX];
1548 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1549 new_termios = old_termios;
1551 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1552 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1553 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1555 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1558 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1559 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1560 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1565 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1567 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1573 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1580 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1581 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1584 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1589 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1599 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1609 bool need_nl = true;
1612 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1619 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1623 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1626 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1627 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1638 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1643 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1647 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1648 struct termios termios;
1651 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1655 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1656 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1657 * interfere with that. */
1659 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1660 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1662 /* Switch to text mode */
1664 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1666 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1667 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1669 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1674 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1675 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1676 * else will do that for us */
1678 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1679 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1680 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1681 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1682 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1684 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1685 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1686 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1687 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1688 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1689 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1690 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1691 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1692 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1693 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1694 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1695 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1696 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1698 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1699 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1701 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1705 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1706 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1711 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1712 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1714 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1718 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1721 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1726 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1727 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1728 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1729 * retrying a couple of times.
1731 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1734 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1737 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1744 /* Max 1s in total */
1748 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1769 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1770 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1780 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1790 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1796 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1805 int acquire_terminal(
1809 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1812 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1817 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1818 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1819 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1821 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1822 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1823 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1824 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1825 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1826 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1827 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1828 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1830 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1831 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1833 if (!fail && !force) {
1834 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1840 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1848 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1849 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1850 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1854 r = flush_fd(notify);
1859 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1860 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1861 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1862 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1866 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1867 * if we already own the tty. */
1868 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1870 /* First, try to get the tty */
1871 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1874 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1876 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1877 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1878 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1879 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1882 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1891 assert(notify >= 0);
1894 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1896 struct inotify_event *e;
1898 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1901 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1902 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1907 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1917 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1920 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1927 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1932 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1937 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1938 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1940 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1947 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1948 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1949 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1950 * an endless loop. */
1956 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1958 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1969 int release_terminal(void) {
1971 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1972 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1973 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1975 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1977 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
1981 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1982 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
1983 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1985 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
1988 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1993 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
1998 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
1999 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2006 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2007 struct sigaction sa = {
2008 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2009 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2015 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2019 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2020 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2027 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2028 struct sigaction sa = {
2029 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2030 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2035 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2039 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2040 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2047 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2051 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2053 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2057 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2058 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2061 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2068 while (nbytes > 0) {
2071 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2072 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2075 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2077 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2078 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2081 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, (usec_t) -1);
2086 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2096 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2097 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2103 while (nbytes > 0) {
2106 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2107 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2110 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2112 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2113 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2116 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, (usec_t) -1);
2121 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2131 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2133 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2134 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2135 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2136 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2137 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2138 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2139 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2141 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2142 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2143 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2144 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2149 unsigned long long factor;
2152 static const struct table iec[] = {
2153 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2154 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2155 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2156 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2157 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2163 static const struct table si[] = {
2164 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2165 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2166 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2167 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2168 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2174 const struct table *table;
2176 unsigned long long r = 0;
2177 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2180 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2185 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2188 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2194 unsigned long long l2;
2200 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2213 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2216 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2217 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2219 if (errno == ERANGE)
2222 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2229 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2231 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2232 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2233 unsigned long long tmp;
2234 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2236 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2237 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2241 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2244 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2260 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2265 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2266 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2267 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2272 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2275 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2280 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2283 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2287 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2290 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2292 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2293 * sysfs or in /dev */
2296 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2297 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2300 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2301 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2312 if (!de && errno != 0)
2318 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2323 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2324 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2341 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2342 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2345 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2347 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2349 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2352 if ((size_t) k != n)
2358 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2359 static bool srand_called = false;
2363 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2367 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2368 * get a PRNG instead. */
2370 if (!srand_called) {
2373 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2374 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2375 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2376 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2381 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2383 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2386 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2387 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2390 srand_called = true;
2393 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2397 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2400 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2401 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2402 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2403 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2404 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2405 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2408 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2410 if (program_invocation_name)
2411 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2413 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2417 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2419 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2423 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2428 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2435 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2436 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2440 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2443 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2445 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2446 return strdup(u.nodename);
2448 return strdup(u.sysname);
2451 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2454 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2456 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2459 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2462 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2463 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2465 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2467 return strdup("root");
2469 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2473 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2477 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2478 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2480 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2486 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2490 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2495 return lookup_uid(uid);
2498 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2505 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2508 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2509 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2514 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2520 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2528 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2532 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2536 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2538 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2545 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2547 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2549 unsigned long ttynr;
2553 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2554 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2558 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2568 "%*d " /* session */
2573 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2582 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2583 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2584 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2591 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2595 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2597 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2603 /* This is an ugly hack */
2604 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2605 asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr));
2609 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2610 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2611 * vaguely useful. */
2617 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2619 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2637 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2643 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2644 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2650 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2655 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2661 if (!de && errno != 0) {
2670 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2673 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2675 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2676 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2677 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2682 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2685 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2686 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2688 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2689 keep_around = false;
2695 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2696 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2699 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2700 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2701 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2702 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2707 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2708 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2712 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2713 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2717 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2719 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2720 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2731 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2734 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2735 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2738 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2743 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2748 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2749 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2751 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2752 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2757 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2760 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2766 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2767 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2768 * seriously broken system. */
2769 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2770 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2774 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2777 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2781 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2784 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2785 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2790 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2791 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2798 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2803 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2804 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2810 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2813 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2816 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2825 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2826 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2829 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2830 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2833 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2836 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2837 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2838 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2840 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2841 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2844 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2845 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2851 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2854 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2855 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2856 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2858 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2859 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2862 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2863 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2869 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2873 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2876 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2879 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2880 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2890 if (errno != EINVAL)
2897 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2898 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2899 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2900 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2901 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2903 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2907 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2908 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2910 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2913 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2926 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2932 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2940 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2941 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2944 if (!isempty(status)) {
2945 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2946 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2947 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2949 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2952 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2954 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2956 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2962 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
2968 va_start(ap, format);
2969 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
2975 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
2982 const char *e, *word = format;
2987 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
2998 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3007 } else if (*e == '$') {
3008 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3024 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3026 k = strappend(r, t);
3040 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3051 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3053 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3055 l = strv_length(argv);
3057 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3060 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3062 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3063 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3068 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3071 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3082 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3091 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3099 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3100 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3110 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3111 struct winsize ws = {};
3113 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3122 unsigned columns(void) {
3126 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3127 return cached_columns;
3130 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3135 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3144 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3145 struct winsize ws = {};
3147 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3156 unsigned lines(void) {
3160 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3161 return cached_lines;
3164 e = getenv("LINES");
3169 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3175 return cached_lines;
3178 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3179 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3185 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3187 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3188 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3190 return cached_on_tty;
3193 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3196 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3199 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3202 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3203 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3206 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3209 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3216 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3221 assert(percent <= 100);
3222 assert(new_length >= 3);
3224 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3225 return strndup(s, old_length);
3227 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3231 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3233 if (x > new_length - 3)
3241 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3242 new_length - x - 3);
3247 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3251 unsigned k, len, len2;
3254 assert(percent <= 100);
3255 assert(new_length >= 3);
3257 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3258 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3259 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3261 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3262 return strndup(s, old_length);
3264 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3266 if (x > new_length - 3)
3270 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3273 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3276 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3279 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3282 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3285 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3286 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3289 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3293 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3295 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3297 /* make space for ellipsis */
3298 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3301 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3302 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3307 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3308 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3312 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3316 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3321 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3322 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3325 int touch(const char *path) {
3326 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3330 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3331 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3334 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3341 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3345 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3346 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3347 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3354 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3355 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3360 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3361 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3364 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3376 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3380 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3388 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3392 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3398 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3409 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3421 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3428 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3430 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3434 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3435 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3436 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3437 return status.si_status;
3440 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3443 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3444 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3446 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3450 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3454 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3456 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3457 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3465 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3468 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3471 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3477 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3482 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3485 return null_or_empty(&st);
3488 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3492 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3494 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3507 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3511 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3513 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3514 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3519 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3520 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3523 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3527 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3528 t = new(char, enc_len);
3532 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3535 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3538 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3541 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3542 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3544 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3545 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3547 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3548 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3550 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3551 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3556 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3559 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3562 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3565 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3568 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3571 return streq(tty, "console");
3574 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3579 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3582 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3585 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3588 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3592 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3598 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3601 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3602 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3604 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3607 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3610 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3611 * /dev/console points to */
3612 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3618 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3621 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3622 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3624 tty = *active = tmp;
3631 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3632 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3636 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3639 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3640 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3645 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3648 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3651 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3654 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3657 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3660 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3661 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3662 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3668 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3671 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3672 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3673 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3676 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3679 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3682 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3688 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3689 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3691 executor_pid = fork();
3692 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3693 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3696 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3697 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3698 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3702 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3703 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3706 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3708 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3709 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3711 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3714 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3716 if (errno == ENOENT)
3717 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3719 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3720 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3724 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3727 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3730 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3731 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3734 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3737 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3739 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3744 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3746 } else if (pid == 0) {
3749 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3759 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3760 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3764 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3766 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3769 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3775 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3776 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3777 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3779 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
3780 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3782 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3783 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3786 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3789 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3792 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3795 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3798 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3801 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3804 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3812 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3818 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3819 if (streq(i, needle))
3825 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3826 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3829 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3838 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3840 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3841 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3842 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3848 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3855 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3862 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3872 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3878 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3882 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3889 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3890 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3901 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3906 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3907 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3909 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3914 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3921 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3924 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3926 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3934 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
3941 return pollfd.revents;
3944 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3955 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3959 fn = basename(path);
3963 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3965 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3971 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3984 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3987 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3993 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3994 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3996 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4000 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4003 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4007 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4008 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4009 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4011 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4014 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4015 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4016 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4018 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4023 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4024 "\033[H" /* move home */
4025 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4032 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4035 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4042 /* Try to deallocate */
4043 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4047 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4056 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4058 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4063 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4064 "\033[H" /* move home */
4065 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4072 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4073 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4079 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4083 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4091 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4105 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4107 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4116 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4126 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4128 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4138 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4146 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4149 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4150 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
4156 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4159 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4168 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4172 display[0] == ':' &&
4173 display[1] >= '0' &&
4177 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4184 if (!display_is_local(display))
4187 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4189 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4193 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4194 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4203 const char **username,
4204 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4206 const char **shell) {
4214 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4215 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4217 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4235 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4239 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4240 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4241 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4242 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4243 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4245 *username = p->pw_name;
4248 p = getpwnam(*username);
4252 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4264 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4269 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4274 return strdup("root");
4278 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4280 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4286 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4291 return strdup("root");
4295 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4297 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4303 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4309 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4310 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4312 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4313 *groupname = "root";
4321 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4326 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4329 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4333 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4341 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4343 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4345 if (getgid() == gid)
4348 if (getegid() == gid)
4351 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4352 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4354 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4356 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4360 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4367 int in_group(const char *name) {
4371 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4378 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4379 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4385 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4387 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4389 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4392 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4394 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4397 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4398 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4403 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4405 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4407 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4409 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4410 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4412 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4413 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4421 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4427 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4430 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4434 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4435 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4436 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4437 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4438 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4439 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4440 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4446 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4448 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4451 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4455 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4456 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4462 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4463 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4464 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4465 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4469 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4470 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4482 if (!de && errno != 0)
4487 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4489 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4493 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4494 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4497 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4508 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4514 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4528 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4533 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4557 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4571 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4572 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4574 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4575 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4580 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4587 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4588 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4591 r = access(p, F_OK);
4599 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4600 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4603 r = access(p, F_OK);
4609 /* Get parent dev_t */
4610 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4613 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4619 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4625 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4626 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4629 r = access(p, F_OK);
4633 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4640 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4645 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4649 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4650 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4653 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4654 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4655 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4656 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4657 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4660 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4662 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4663 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4664 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4665 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4666 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4667 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4668 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4671 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4673 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4674 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4675 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4676 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4677 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4678 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4679 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4680 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4681 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4682 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4683 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4684 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4685 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4686 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4687 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4688 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4691 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4692 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4693 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4696 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4698 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4699 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4700 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4701 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4703 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4704 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4705 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4706 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4709 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4711 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4712 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4713 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4714 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4715 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4719 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4721 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4722 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4723 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4724 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4725 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4726 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4727 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4728 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4729 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4730 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4731 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4732 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4733 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4734 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4735 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4736 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4737 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4740 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4742 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4743 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4744 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4745 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4746 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4749 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4751 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4768 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4779 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4781 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4787 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4789 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4790 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4793 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4797 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4798 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4800 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4805 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4810 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4814 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4818 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4819 signo = (int) u + offset;
4820 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4826 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4827 bool loaded = false;
4830 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4838 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4856 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4858 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4867 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4874 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4877 static const struct {
4881 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4882 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4883 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4884 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4885 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4889 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4891 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4894 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4895 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4902 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4910 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4923 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4925 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4927 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4928 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4931 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4934 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4935 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4941 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4943 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4945 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4946 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4949 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4952 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4953 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4958 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4959 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4961 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4969 parent_pid = getpid();
4971 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4978 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4985 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4986 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4987 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4989 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4990 * to set the death signal */
4991 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4992 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4994 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4995 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4997 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
4998 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5000 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5001 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5002 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5003 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5004 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5005 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5006 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5007 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5008 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5010 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5011 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5015 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5018 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5024 /* Count arguments */
5026 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5031 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5033 /* Fill in arguments */
5035 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5036 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5040 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5043 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5044 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5048 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5054 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5055 * to get as close as we can */
5056 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5058 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5059 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5061 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5067 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5068 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5079 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5081 f = fopen(path, "re");
5089 char line[LINE_MAX];
5092 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5096 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5106 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5107 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5121 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5124 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5127 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5130 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5133 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5136 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5142 bool in_initrd(void) {
5143 static int saved = -1;
5149 /* We make two checks here:
5151 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5152 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5154 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5155 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5156 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5159 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5160 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5161 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5166 void warn_melody(void) {
5167 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5169 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5173 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5175 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5176 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5178 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5179 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5181 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5182 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5184 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5187 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5190 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5192 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5194 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5200 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5207 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5215 /* Take the user specified one */
5226 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5229 h = strdup("/root");
5237 /* Check the database... */
5241 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5243 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5246 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5254 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5262 /* Take the user specified one */
5263 e = getenv("SHELL");
5273 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5276 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5284 /* Check the database... */
5288 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5290 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5293 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5301 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5315 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5321 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5326 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5327 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5330 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5338 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5339 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5341 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5346 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5347 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5353 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5358 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5361 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5364 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5365 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5368 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5374 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5375 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5376 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5385 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5386 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5389 else if (comparison > 0)
5397 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5399 static int cached_answer = -1;
5401 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5404 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5405 cached_answer = true;
5409 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5411 cached_answer = true;
5415 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5416 cached_answer = true;
5420 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5421 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5422 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5424 cached_answer = true;
5428 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5432 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5433 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5437 return (bool) cached_answer;
5440 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5441 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5443 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5444 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5445 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5446 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5447 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5448 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5450 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5451 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5452 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5453 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5454 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5455 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5456 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5460 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5463 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5466 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5472 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5473 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5486 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5492 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5493 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5501 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5513 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5514 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5519 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5521 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5527 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5529 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5531 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5535 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5540 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5542 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5543 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5544 else if (*i == '\t')
5551 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5554 } else if (*i == '[') {
5555 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5560 state = STATE_OTHER;
5567 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5568 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5571 state = STATE_OTHER;
5573 } else if (*i == 'm')
5574 state = STATE_OTHER;
5596 int on_ac_power(void) {
5597 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5598 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5600 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5606 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5612 if (!de && errno != 0)
5618 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5621 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5623 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5629 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5631 if (errno == ENOENT)
5637 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5641 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5645 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5647 if (errno == ENOENT)
5653 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5657 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5660 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5661 found_online = true;
5663 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5664 found_offline = true;
5669 return found_online || !found_offline;
5672 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5679 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_absolute_uniq(search, root))
5682 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5683 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5686 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5696 if (errno != ENOENT)
5703 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5704 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5710 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5713 f = fopen(path, mode);
5722 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5726 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5729 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5730 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5732 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5735 f = fopen(path, mode);
5744 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5748 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5751 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5758 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5765 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5770 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5779 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5789 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5803 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5811 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5815 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5822 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5829 if (*allocated >= need)
5832 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5834 /* check for overflows */
5847 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5856 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need);
5860 if (*allocated > prev)
5861 memzero(&q[prev], *allocated - prev);
5866 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5872 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5874 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5877 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5878 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5879 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5883 } else if (l == 36) {
5885 /* Formatted UUID */
5887 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5890 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5894 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5895 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5896 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5907 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5922 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5926 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5938 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5939 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
5944 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5947 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5952 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
5960 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
5964 k = parse_boolean(e);
5972 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5975 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5976 char *buf = NULL, *p;
5979 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
5983 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
5992 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
5999 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6000 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6007 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6009 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6013 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6014 char word[l+1], *value;
6019 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6021 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6024 value = strchr(word, '=');
6028 r = parse_item(word, value);
6036 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6037 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6045 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6046 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6054 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6057 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6067 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6068 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1;
6069 const char *pidns, *mntns, *root;
6077 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6078 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6082 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6083 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6087 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6088 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6092 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6093 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6101 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int root_fd) {
6102 assert(pidns_fd >= 0);
6103 assert(mntns_fd >= 0);
6104 assert(root_fd >= 0);
6106 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6109 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6112 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6115 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6118 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6121 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6127 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6128 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6133 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6136 return errno != ESRCH;
6139 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6142 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6147 r = get_process_state(pid);
6148 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6154 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6155 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6162 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6166 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6169 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6170 * to namespacing issues */
6178 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6190 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6194 if (errno != ERANGE)
6201 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6217 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6218 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6219 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6226 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6233 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6240 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6241 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6246 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6247 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6249 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6257 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6260 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6263 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6264 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6266 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6267 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6269 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6270 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6275 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6277 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6278 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6279 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6280 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6281 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6282 * used by libseccomp. */
6284 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6286 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6289 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6292 #elif defined(__i386__)
6294 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6298 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6299 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6300 * as error indicator. */
6301 return 0xffffffffUL;
6304 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6306 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6308 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6314 #elif defined(__i386__)
6323 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6326 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6327 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6329 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6332 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6335 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6337 struct mntent me = {
6338 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6343 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6349 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6352 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6353 const uint8_t *b = p;
6356 assert(s == 0 || b);
6361 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6363 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6368 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6376 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6381 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);