1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
33 #include <sys/resource.h>
34 #include <linux/sched.h>
35 #include <sys/types.h>
39 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
41 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <sys/mount.h>
59 #include <linux/magic.h>
63 #include <sys/personality.h>
64 #include <sys/xattr.h>
65 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
69 /* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
70 * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the XDG
71 * version which is really broken. */
75 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
88 #include "path-util.h"
89 #include "exit-status.h"
93 #include "device-nodes.h"
98 #include "sparse-endian.h"
101 char **saved_argv = NULL;
103 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
104 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
106 size_t page_size(void) {
107 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
110 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
113 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
120 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
122 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
133 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
140 pl = strlen(postfix);
143 return (char*) s + sl;
148 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
151 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
154 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
161 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
162 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
163 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
174 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
181 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
184 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
188 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
189 char * buf_old = buf;
235 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
236 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
237 * g_strescape() does the same */
238 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
240 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
241 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
242 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
248 return buf - buf_old;
251 int close_nointr(int fd) {
258 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
261 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
262 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
263 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
264 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
272 int safe_close(int fd) {
275 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
276 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
277 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
279 * fd = safe_close(fd);
285 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
286 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
287 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
288 * the fd was invalid at all... */
290 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
296 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
299 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
301 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
305 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
316 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
319 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
321 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
327 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
328 unsigned long ul = 0;
335 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
341 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
351 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
352 unsigned long ul = 0;
359 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
365 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
368 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
369 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
372 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
373 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
380 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
388 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
390 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
391 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
393 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
396 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
400 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
408 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
410 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
411 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
413 if ((long) (int) l != l)
420 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
428 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
430 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
431 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
433 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
440 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
448 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
450 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
451 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
453 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
460 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
468 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
470 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
471 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
473 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
480 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
482 unsigned long long l;
488 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
490 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
491 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
497 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
505 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
507 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
508 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
514 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
522 loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
523 if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
527 d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
529 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
531 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
539 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
540 bool escaped = false;
543 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
546 else if (s[n] == '\\')
548 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
552 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
556 /* Split a string into words. */
557 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
563 assert(**state == '\0');
567 current += strspn(current, separator);
573 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
574 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
576 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
577 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
578 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
579 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
583 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
584 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
586 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
587 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
588 /* unfinished escape */
592 *state = current + *l;
594 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
595 *state = current + *l;
601 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
603 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
615 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
616 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
620 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
621 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
622 * skip over it manually */
624 p = strrchr(line, ')');
636 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
639 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
644 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
649 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
655 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
658 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
662 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
666 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
670 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
671 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
675 p = strrchr(line, ')');
681 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
684 return (unsigned char) state;
687 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
694 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
696 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
703 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
704 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
712 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
718 if (max_length == 0) {
719 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
721 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
723 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
728 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
738 r = new(char, max_length);
744 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
766 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
773 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
775 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
783 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
787 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
796 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
808 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
813 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
817 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
820 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
825 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
831 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
833 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
836 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
842 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
844 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
849 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
856 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
857 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
861 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
868 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
869 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
879 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
884 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
889 if (startswith(l, field)) {
891 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
893 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
895 return parse_uid(l, uid);
902 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
903 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
906 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
907 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
908 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
911 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
916 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
918 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
921 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
926 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
928 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
931 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
932 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
933 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
936 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
941 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
947 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
948 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
952 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
954 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
964 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
972 return strndup(suffix, b);
981 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
984 r = new(char, a+b+1);
989 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
995 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
996 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
999 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1014 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1021 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1032 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1033 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1036 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1037 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1041 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1045 value = basename(link);
1049 value = strdup(value);
1058 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1059 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1066 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1070 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1078 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1085 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1089 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1096 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1101 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1104 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1105 struct sigaction sa = {
1106 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1107 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1110 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1111 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1114 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1115 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1116 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1117 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1124 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1127 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1130 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1136 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1139 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1140 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1142 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1144 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1145 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1153 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1156 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1158 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1159 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1170 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1177 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1178 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1181 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1182 return strdup(filename);
1184 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1186 return strdup(filename);
1188 k = strlen(filename);
1189 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1193 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1197 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1206 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1207 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1213 /* Skip last component */
1214 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1217 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1218 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1224 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1227 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1236 if (errno != ENOENT)
1243 char hexchar(int x) {
1244 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1246 return table[x & 15];
1249 int unhexchar(char c) {
1251 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1254 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1255 return c - 'a' + 10;
1257 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1258 return c - 'A' + 10;
1263 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1267 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1271 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1272 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1273 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1280 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1286 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1290 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1293 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1295 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1299 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1306 char octchar(int x) {
1307 return '0' + (x & 7);
1310 int unoctchar(char c) {
1312 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1318 char decchar(int x) {
1319 return '0' + (x % 10);
1322 int undecchar(char c) {
1324 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1330 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1336 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1338 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1342 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1343 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1350 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1357 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1359 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1361 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1366 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1368 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1369 size_t remaining = s + length - f;
1370 assert(remaining > 0);
1372 if (*f != '\\') { /* a literal literal */
1377 if (--remaining == 0) { /* copy trailing backslash verbatim */
1418 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1423 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1426 if (remaining >= 2) {
1427 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1428 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1431 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1432 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1436 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1451 /* octal encoding */
1452 int a = -1, b = -1, c = -1;
1454 if (remaining >= 3) {
1455 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1456 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1457 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1460 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1461 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1465 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1473 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1484 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1485 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1488 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1491 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1494 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1498 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1499 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1502 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1506 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1508 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1509 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1512 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1513 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1523 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1528 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1529 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1530 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1535 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1539 filename[0] == '.' ||
1540 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1541 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1542 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1543 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1544 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1545 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1546 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1547 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1548 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1549 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
1550 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
1551 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
1552 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
1553 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1556 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1559 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1562 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1565 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1570 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1575 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1577 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1579 if (nflags == flags)
1582 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1588 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1593 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1598 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1600 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1602 if (nflags == flags)
1605 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1611 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1614 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1616 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1623 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1624 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1628 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1630 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1635 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1636 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1639 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1640 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1642 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1645 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1646 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1653 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1656 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1659 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1660 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1669 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1672 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1673 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1674 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1682 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1685 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1686 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1693 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1694 static const char table[] =
1708 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1712 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1716 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1718 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1724 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1728 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1731 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1734 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1740 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1741 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1742 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1747 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1748 new_termios = old_termios;
1750 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1751 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1752 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1754 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1757 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1758 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1759 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1764 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1766 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1772 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1779 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1780 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1785 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1786 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1790 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1800 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1810 bool need_nl = true;
1813 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1820 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1824 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1827 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1828 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1839 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1844 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1848 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1853 char line[LINE_MAX];
1857 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1864 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1869 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1870 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1872 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1891 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1892 struct termios termios;
1895 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1899 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1900 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1901 * interfere with that. */
1903 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1904 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1906 /* Switch to text mode */
1908 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1910 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1911 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1913 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1918 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1919 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1920 * else will do that for us */
1922 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1923 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1924 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1925 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1926 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1928 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1929 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1930 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1931 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1932 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1933 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1934 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1935 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1936 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1937 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1938 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1939 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1940 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1942 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1943 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1945 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1949 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1950 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1955 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1956 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1958 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1962 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1965 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1970 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1971 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1972 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1973 * retrying a couple of times.
1975 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1978 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1981 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1988 /* Max 1s in total */
1992 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2010 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2011 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2021 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2031 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2037 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2046 int acquire_terminal(
2050 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2053 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2058 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2059 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2060 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2062 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2063 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2064 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2065 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2066 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2067 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2068 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2069 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2071 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2072 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2074 if (!fail && !force) {
2075 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2081 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2089 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2090 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2091 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2095 r = flush_fd(notify);
2100 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2101 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2102 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2103 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2107 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2108 * if we already own the tty. */
2109 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2111 /* First, try to get the tty */
2112 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2115 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2117 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2118 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2119 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2120 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2123 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2132 assert(notify >= 0);
2135 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2136 struct inotify_event *e;
2139 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2142 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2143 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2148 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2158 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2160 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2167 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2168 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2177 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2178 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2179 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2180 * an endless loop. */
2181 fd = safe_close(fd);
2186 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2188 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2199 int release_terminal(void) {
2200 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2201 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2202 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2205 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2206 struct sigaction sa_old;
2209 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2213 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2214 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2215 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2217 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2220 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2225 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2230 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2231 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2238 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2239 struct sigaction sa = {
2240 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2241 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2246 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2250 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2251 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2258 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2259 struct sigaction sa = {
2260 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2261 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2266 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2270 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2271 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2278 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2282 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2284 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2288 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2289 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2292 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2299 while (nbytes > 0) {
2302 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2307 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2309 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2310 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2313 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2317 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2331 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2332 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2339 while (nbytes > 0) {
2342 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2347 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2348 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2349 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2352 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2359 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2369 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2371 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2372 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2373 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2374 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2375 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2376 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2377 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2379 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2380 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2381 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2382 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2387 unsigned long long factor;
2390 static const struct table iec[] = {
2391 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2392 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2393 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2394 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2395 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2401 static const struct table si[] = {
2402 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2403 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2404 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2405 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2406 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2412 const struct table *table;
2414 unsigned long long r = 0;
2415 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2418 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2423 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2426 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2432 unsigned long long l2;
2438 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2451 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2454 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2455 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2457 if (errno == ERANGE)
2460 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2467 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2469 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2470 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2471 unsigned long long tmp;
2472 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2474 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2475 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2479 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2482 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2498 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2503 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2504 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2505 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2510 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2513 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2514 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2515 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2516 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2517 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2522 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2525 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2529 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2532 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2534 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2535 * sysfs or in /dev */
2538 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2539 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2542 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2543 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2554 if (!de && errno != 0)
2560 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2565 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2566 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2583 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2584 static int have_syscall = -1;
2588 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2589 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2590 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2591 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2592 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2593 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2595 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2596 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2597 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2598 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2600 have_syscall = true;
2605 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2606 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2607 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2608 have_syscall = false;
2609 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2610 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2611 * remember to use the syscall the
2612 * next time, again, but also read
2613 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2614 * doesn't care about the current
2615 * amount of entropy. */
2616 have_syscall = true;
2620 /* too short read? */
2624 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2626 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2628 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2633 if ((size_t) k != n)
2639 void initialize_srand(void) {
2640 static bool srand_called = false;
2642 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2651 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2652 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2653 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2654 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2656 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2658 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2661 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2662 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2665 srand_called = true;
2668 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2672 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2676 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2677 * get a PRNG instead. */
2681 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2685 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2688 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2689 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2690 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2691 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2692 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2693 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2696 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2698 if (program_invocation_name)
2699 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2701 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2705 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2707 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2711 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2716 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2723 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2724 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2728 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2733 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2736 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2737 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2740 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2746 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2749 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2751 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2752 return strdup(u.nodename);
2754 return strdup(u.sysname);
2757 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2760 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2762 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2765 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2768 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2769 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2771 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2773 return strdup("root");
2775 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2779 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2783 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2784 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2786 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2792 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2796 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2801 return lookup_uid(uid);
2804 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2811 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2814 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2824 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2829 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2830 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2847 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2851 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2855 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2857 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2864 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2866 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2868 unsigned long ttynr;
2872 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2873 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2877 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2887 "%*d " /* session */
2892 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2901 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2902 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2903 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2910 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2914 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2916 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2922 /* This is an ugly hack */
2923 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2924 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2928 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2929 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2930 * vaguely useful. */
2936 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2938 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2956 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2957 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2962 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2963 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2969 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2974 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2981 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2986 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2989 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2991 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2992 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2993 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2998 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3001 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3002 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3004 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3005 keep_around = false;
3011 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3012 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3015 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3016 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3017 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3018 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3023 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3024 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3028 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3029 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3033 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3035 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3036 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3043 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3046 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3047 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3050 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3053 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3056 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3059 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3064 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3069 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3070 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3072 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3073 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3078 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3081 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3086 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3090 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3091 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3094 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3100 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3101 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3102 * seriously broken system. */
3103 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3104 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3108 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3111 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3115 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3118 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3119 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3124 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3125 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3132 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3137 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3138 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3144 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3147 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3150 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3159 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3160 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3163 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3164 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3167 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3170 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3171 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3172 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3174 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3175 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3178 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3179 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3185 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3188 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3189 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3190 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3192 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3193 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3196 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3197 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3203 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3207 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3210 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3213 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3214 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3224 if (errno != EINVAL)
3231 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3232 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3233 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3234 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3235 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3237 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3241 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3242 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3244 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3247 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3260 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3266 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3274 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3275 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3278 if (!isempty(status)) {
3279 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3280 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3281 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3283 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3286 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3288 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3290 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3296 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3302 va_start(ap, format);
3303 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3309 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3316 const char *e, *word = format;
3321 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3332 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3342 } else if (*e == '$') {
3343 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3360 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3362 k = strappend(r, t);
3376 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3388 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3390 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3392 l = strv_length(argv);
3394 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3398 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3400 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3401 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3406 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3410 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3422 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3432 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3440 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3441 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3453 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3454 struct winsize ws = {};
3456 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3465 unsigned columns(void) {
3469 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3470 return cached_columns;
3473 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3475 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3478 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3484 return cached_columns;
3487 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3488 struct winsize ws = {};
3490 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3499 unsigned lines(void) {
3503 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3504 return cached_lines;
3507 e = getenv("LINES");
3509 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3512 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3518 return cached_lines;
3521 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3522 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3528 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3530 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3531 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3533 return cached_on_tty;
3536 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3539 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3542 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3545 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3546 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3549 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3552 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3559 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3564 assert(percent <= 100);
3565 assert(new_length >= 3);
3567 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3568 return strndup(s, old_length);
3570 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3574 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3576 if (x > new_length - 3)
3584 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3585 new_length - x - 3);
3590 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3594 unsigned k, len, len2;
3597 assert(percent <= 100);
3598 assert(new_length >= 3);
3600 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3601 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3602 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3604 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3605 return strndup(s, old_length);
3607 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3609 if (x > new_length - 3)
3613 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3616 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3619 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3622 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3625 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3628 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3629 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3632 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3636 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3638 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3640 /* make space for ellipsis */
3641 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3644 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3645 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3650 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3651 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3655 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3659 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3664 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3665 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3668 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3669 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3675 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3677 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3682 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3687 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3688 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3693 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3694 struct timespec ts[2];
3696 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3698 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3700 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3707 int touch(const char *path) {
3708 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3711 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3715 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3716 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3717 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3724 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3725 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3730 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3731 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3735 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3745 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3750 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3751 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3753 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3757 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3760 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3771 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3785 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3786 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3787 * failed for an unknown reason.
3788 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3791 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3792 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3794 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3795 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3797 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3804 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3806 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3808 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3809 if (status.si_status != 0)
3810 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3811 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3813 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3815 return status.si_status;
3816 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3817 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3819 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3823 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3827 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3829 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3830 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3838 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3841 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3844 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3850 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3855 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3858 return null_or_empty(&st);
3861 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3866 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3869 return null_or_empty(&st);
3872 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3876 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3878 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3891 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3895 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3897 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3898 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3903 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3904 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3907 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3911 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3912 t = new(char, enc_len);
3916 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3919 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3922 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3925 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3926 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3928 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3929 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3931 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3932 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3934 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3935 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3940 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3943 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3946 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3949 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3952 return streq(tty, "console");
3955 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3960 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3963 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3966 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3969 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3973 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3979 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3982 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3983 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3985 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3988 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3991 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3992 * /dev/console points to */
3993 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');