1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
32 #include <sys/resource.h>
33 #include <linux/sched.h>
34 #include <sys/types.h>
38 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
40 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
56 #include <sys/mount.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
62 #include <sys/xattr.h>
63 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
67 /* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
68 * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the XDG
69 * version which is really broken. */
73 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
85 #include "path-util.h"
86 #include "exit-status.h"
90 #include "device-nodes.h"
95 #include "sparse-endian.h"
97 /* Put this test here for a lack of better place */
98 assert_cc(EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK);
101 char **saved_argv = NULL;
103 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
104 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
106 size_t page_size(void) {
107 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
110 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
113 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
120 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
122 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
133 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
140 pl = strlen(postfix);
143 return (char*) s + sl;
148 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
151 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
154 char* endswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
161 pl = strlen(postfix);
164 return (char*) s + sl;
169 if (strcasecmp(s + sl - pl, postfix) != 0)
172 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
175 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
182 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
183 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
184 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
195 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
202 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
205 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
209 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
210 char * buf_old = buf;
256 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
257 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
258 * g_strescape() does the same */
259 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
261 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
262 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
263 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
269 return buf - buf_old;
272 int close_nointr(int fd) {
279 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
282 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
283 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
284 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
285 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
293 int safe_close(int fd) {
296 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
297 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
298 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
300 * fd = safe_close(fd);
306 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
307 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
308 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
309 * the fd was invalid at all... */
311 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
317 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
320 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
322 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
326 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
337 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
340 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
342 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
348 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
349 unsigned long ul = 0;
356 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
362 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
372 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
373 unsigned long ul = 0;
380 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
386 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
389 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
390 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
393 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
394 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
401 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
409 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
411 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
412 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
414 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
417 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
421 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
429 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
431 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
432 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
434 if ((long) (int) l != l)
441 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
449 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
451 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
452 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
454 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
461 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
469 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
471 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
472 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
474 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
481 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
489 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
491 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
492 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
494 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
501 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
503 unsigned long long l;
509 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
511 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
512 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
518 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
526 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
528 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
529 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
535 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
543 loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
544 if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
548 d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
550 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
552 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
560 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
561 bool escaped = false;
564 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
567 else if (s[n] == '\\')
569 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
573 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
577 /* Split a string into words. */
578 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
584 assert(**state == '\0');
588 current += strspn(current, separator);
594 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
595 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
597 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
598 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
599 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
600 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
604 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
605 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
607 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
608 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
609 /* unfinished escape */
613 *state = current + *l;
615 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
616 *state = current + *l;
622 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
624 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
636 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
637 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
641 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
642 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
643 * skip over it manually */
645 p = strrchr(line, ')');
657 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
660 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
665 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
670 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
676 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
679 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
683 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
687 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
691 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
692 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
696 p = strrchr(line, ')');
702 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
705 return (unsigned char) state;
708 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
715 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
717 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
724 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
725 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
733 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
739 if (max_length == 0) {
740 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
742 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
744 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
749 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
759 r = new(char, max_length);
765 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
787 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
794 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
796 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
804 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
808 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
817 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
829 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
834 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
838 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
841 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
846 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
852 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
854 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
857 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
863 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
865 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
870 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
877 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
878 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
882 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
889 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
890 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
900 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
905 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
910 if (startswith(l, field)) {
912 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
914 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
916 return parse_uid(l, uid);
923 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
924 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
927 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
928 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
929 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
932 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
937 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
939 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
942 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
947 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
949 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
952 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
953 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
954 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
957 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
962 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
968 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
969 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
973 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
975 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
985 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
993 return strndup(suffix, b);
1002 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
1005 r = new(char, a+b+1);
1010 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1016 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1017 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1020 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1035 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1042 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1053 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1054 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1057 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1058 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1062 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1066 value = basename(link);
1070 value = strdup(value);
1079 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1080 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1087 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1091 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1099 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1106 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1110 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1117 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1122 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1125 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1126 struct sigaction sa = {
1127 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1128 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1131 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1132 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1135 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1136 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1137 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1138 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1145 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1148 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1151 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1157 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1160 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1161 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1163 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1165 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1166 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1174 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1177 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1179 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1180 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1191 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1198 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1199 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1202 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1203 return strdup(filename);
1205 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1207 return strdup(filename);
1209 k = strlen(filename);
1210 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1214 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1218 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1227 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1228 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1234 /* Skip last component */
1235 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1238 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1239 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1245 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1248 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1257 if (errno != ENOENT)
1264 char hexchar(int x) {
1265 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1267 return table[x & 15];
1270 int unhexchar(char c) {
1272 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1275 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1276 return c - 'a' + 10;
1278 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1279 return c - 'A' + 10;
1284 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1288 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1292 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1293 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1294 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1301 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1307 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1311 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1314 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1316 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1320 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1327 char octchar(int x) {
1328 return '0' + (x & 7);
1331 int unoctchar(char c) {
1333 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1339 char decchar(int x) {
1340 return '0' + (x % 10);
1343 int undecchar(char c) {
1345 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1351 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1357 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1359 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1363 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1364 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1371 static int cunescape_one(const char *p, size_t length, char *ret) {
1378 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 1)
1415 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1420 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1423 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 3)
1426 a = unhexchar(p[1]);
1430 b = unhexchar(p[2]);
1434 /* don't allow NUL bytes */
1435 if (a == 0 && b == 0)
1438 *ret = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1451 /* octal encoding */
1454 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 4)
1457 a = unoctchar(p[0]);
1461 b = unoctchar(p[1]);
1465 c = unoctchar(p[2]);
1469 /* don't allow NUL bytes */
1470 if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)
1473 /* Don't allow bytes above 255 */
1474 m = (a << 6) | (b << 3) | c;
1490 int cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1498 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1500 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1502 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1507 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1509 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1513 remaining = s + length - f;
1514 assert(remaining > 0);
1517 /* A literal literal, copy verbatim */
1522 if (remaining == 1) {
1523 if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
1524 /* A trailing backslash, copy verbatim */
1532 k = cunescape_one(f + 1, remaining - 1, t);
1534 if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
1535 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1553 int cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1554 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL, flags, ret);
1557 int cunescape(const char *s, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1558 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s), flags, ret);
1561 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1565 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1566 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1569 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1573 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1575 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1576 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1579 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1580 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1590 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1595 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1596 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1597 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1602 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1606 filename[0] == '.' ||
1607 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1608 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1609 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1610 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1611 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1612 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1613 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1614 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1615 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1616 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
1617 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
1618 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
1619 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
1620 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1623 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1626 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1629 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1632 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1637 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1642 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1644 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1646 if (nflags == flags)
1649 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1655 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1660 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1665 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1667 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1669 if (nflags == flags)
1672 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1678 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1681 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1683 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1690 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1691 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1695 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1697 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1702 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1703 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1706 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1707 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1709 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1712 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1713 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1720 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1723 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1726 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1727 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1736 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1739 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1740 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1741 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1749 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1752 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1753 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1760 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1761 static const char table[] =
1776 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1780 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1784 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1786 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1792 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1796 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1799 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1802 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1808 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1809 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1810 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1815 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1816 new_termios = old_termios;
1818 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1819 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1820 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1822 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1825 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1826 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1827 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1832 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1834 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1840 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1847 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1848 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1853 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1854 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1858 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1868 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1878 bool need_nl = true;
1881 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1888 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1892 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1895 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1896 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1907 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1912 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1916 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1921 char line[LINE_MAX];
1925 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1932 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1937 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1938 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1940 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1959 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1960 struct termios termios;
1963 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1967 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1968 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1969 * interfere with that. */
1971 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1972 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1974 /* Switch to text mode */
1976 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1978 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1979 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1981 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1986 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1987 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1988 * else will do that for us */
1990 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1991 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1992 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1993 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1994 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1996 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1997 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1998 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1999 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2000 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2001 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2002 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2003 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2004 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2005 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2006 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2007 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2008 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2010 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2011 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2013 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2017 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2018 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2023 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2024 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2026 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2030 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2033 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2038 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2039 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2040 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2041 * retrying a couple of times.
2043 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2046 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
2049 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
2056 /* Max 1s in total */
2060 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2078 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2079 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2089 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2099 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2105 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2114 int acquire_terminal(
2118 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2121 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2126 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2127 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2128 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2130 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2131 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2132 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2133 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2134 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2135 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2136 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2137 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2139 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2140 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2142 if (!fail && !force) {
2143 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2149 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2157 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2158 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2159 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2163 r = flush_fd(notify);
2168 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2169 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2170 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2171 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2175 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2176 * if we already own the tty. */
2177 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2179 /* First, try to get the tty */
2180 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2183 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2185 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2186 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2187 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2188 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2191 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2200 assert(notify >= 0);
2203 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2204 struct inotify_event *e;
2207 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2210 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2211 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2216 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2226 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2228 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2235 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2236 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2245 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2246 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2247 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2248 * an endless loop. */
2249 fd = safe_close(fd);
2254 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2256 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2267 int release_terminal(void) {
2268 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2269 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2270 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2273 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2274 struct sigaction sa_old;
2277 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2281 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2282 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2283 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2285 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2288 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2293 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2298 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2299 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2306 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2307 struct sigaction sa = {
2308 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2309 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2314 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2318 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2319 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2326 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2327 struct sigaction sa = {
2328 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2329 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2334 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2338 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2339 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2346 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2350 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2352 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2356 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2357 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2360 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2367 while (nbytes > 0) {
2370 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2375 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2377 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2378 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2381 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2385 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2399 int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2402 n = loop_read(fd, buf, nbytes, do_poll);
2405 if ((size_t) n != nbytes)
2410 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2411 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2418 while (nbytes > 0) {
2421 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2426 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2427 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2428 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2431 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2438 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2448 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2450 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2451 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2452 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2453 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2454 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2455 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2456 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2458 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2459 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2460 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2461 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2466 unsigned long long factor;
2469 static const struct table iec[] = {
2470 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2471 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2472 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2473 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2474 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2480 static const struct table si[] = {
2481 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2482 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2483 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2484 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2485 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2491 const struct table *table;
2493 unsigned long long r = 0;
2494 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2497 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2502 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2505 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2511 unsigned long long l2;
2517 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2530 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2533 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2534 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2536 if (errno == ERANGE)
2539 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2546 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2548 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2549 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2550 unsigned long long tmp;
2551 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2553 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2554 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2558 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2561 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2577 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2582 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2583 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2584 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2589 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2592 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2593 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2594 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2595 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2596 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2601 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2604 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2608 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2611 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2613 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2614 * sysfs or in /dev */
2617 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2618 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2621 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2622 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2633 if (!de && errno != 0)
2639 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2644 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2645 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2662 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2663 static int have_syscall = -1;
2665 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2668 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2669 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2670 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2671 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2672 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2673 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2675 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2676 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2677 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2678 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2680 have_syscall = true;
2685 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2686 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2687 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2688 have_syscall = false;
2689 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2690 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2691 * remember to use the syscall the
2692 * next time, again, but also read
2693 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2694 * doesn't care about the current
2695 * amount of entropy. */
2696 have_syscall = true;
2700 /* too short read? */
2704 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2706 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2708 return loop_read_exact(fd, p, n, true);
2711 void initialize_srand(void) {
2712 static bool srand_called = false;
2714 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2723 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2724 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2725 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2726 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2728 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2730 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2733 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2734 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2737 srand_called = true;
2740 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2744 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2748 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2749 * get a PRNG instead. */
2753 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2757 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2760 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2761 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2762 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2763 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2764 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2765 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2768 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2770 if (program_invocation_name)
2771 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2773 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2777 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2779 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2783 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2788 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2795 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2796 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2800 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2805 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2808 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2809 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2812 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2818 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2821 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2823 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2824 return strdup(u.nodename);
2826 return strdup(u.sysname);
2829 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2832 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2834 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2837 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2840 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2841 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2843 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2845 return strdup("root");
2847 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2851 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2855 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2856 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2858 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2864 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2868 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2873 return lookup_uid(uid);
2876 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2883 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2886 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2896 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2901 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2902 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2919 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2923 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2927 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2929 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2936 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2938 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2940 unsigned long ttynr;
2944 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2945 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2949 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2959 "%*d " /* session */
2964 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2973 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2974 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2975 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2982 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2986 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2988 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2994 /* This is an ugly hack */
2995 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2996 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr)) < 0)
2999 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3000 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3001 * vaguely useful. */
3008 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3010 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3027 bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) {
3030 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3031 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3034 int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3037 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3040 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3043 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3046 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3047 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3048 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3050 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3051 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3054 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3055 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3061 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3064 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3065 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3066 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3068 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3069 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3072 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3073 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3079 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3083 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3086 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3089 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3090 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3100 if (errno != EINVAL)
3107 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3108 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3109 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3110 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3111 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3113 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3117 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3118 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3120 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3123 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3136 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3142 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3150 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3151 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3154 if (!isempty(status)) {
3155 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3156 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3157 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3159 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3162 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3164 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3166 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3172 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3178 va_start(ap, format);
3179 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3185 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3192 const char *e, *word = format;
3197 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3208 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3218 } else if (*e == '$') {
3219 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3236 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3238 k = strappend(r, t);
3252 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3264 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3266 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3268 l = strv_length(argv);
3270 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3274 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3276 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3277 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3279 char **w, **m = NULL;
3282 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3286 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
3298 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3308 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3316 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3317 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3329 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3330 struct winsize ws = {};
3332 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3341 unsigned columns(void) {
3345 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3346 return cached_columns;
3349 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3351 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3354 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3360 return cached_columns;
3363 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3364 struct winsize ws = {};
3366 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3375 unsigned lines(void) {
3379 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3380 return cached_lines;
3383 e = getenv("LINES");
3385 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3388 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3394 return cached_lines;
3397 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3398 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3404 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3406 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3407 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3409 return cached_on_tty;
3412 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3415 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3418 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3421 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3422 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3425 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3428 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3435 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3440 assert(percent <= 100);
3441 assert(new_length >= 3);
3443 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3444 return strndup(s, old_length);
3446 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3450 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3452 if (x > new_length - 3)
3460 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3461 new_length - x - 3);
3466 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3470 unsigned k, len, len2;
3473 assert(percent <= 100);
3474 assert(new_length >= 3);
3476 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3477 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3478 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3480 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3481 return strndup(s, old_length);
3483 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3485 if (x > new_length - 3)
3489 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3492 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3495 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3498 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3501 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3504 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3505 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3508 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3512 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3514 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3516 /* make space for ellipsis */
3517 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3520 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3521 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3526 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3527 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3531 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3535 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3540 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3541 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3544 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3545 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3551 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3553 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3558 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3563 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3564 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3569 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3570 struct timespec ts[2];
3572 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3574 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3576 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3583 int touch(const char *path) {
3584 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3587 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3591 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3592 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3593 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3600 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3601 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3606 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3607 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3611 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3621 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3626 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3627 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3629 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3633 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3636 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3647 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3661 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3662 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3663 * failed for an unknown reason.
3664 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3667 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3668 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3670 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3671 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3673 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3680 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3682 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3684 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3685 if (status.si_status != 0)
3686 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3687 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3689 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3691 return status.si_status;
3692 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3693 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3695 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3699 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3703 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3705 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3706 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3714 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3717 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3720 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3726 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3731 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3734 return null_or_empty(&st);
3737 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3742 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3745 return null_or_empty(&st);
3748 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3752 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3754 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3767 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3771 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3773 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3774 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3779 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3780 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3783 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3787 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3788 t = new(char, enc_len);
3792 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3795 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3798 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3801 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3802 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3804 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3805 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3807 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3808 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3810 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3811 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3816 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3819 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3822 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3825 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3828 return streq(tty, "console");
3831 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3836 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3839 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3842 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3845 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3849 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3855 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3858 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3859 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3861 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3864 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3867 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3868 * /dev/console points to */
3869 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3875 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3878 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3879 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3881 tty = *active = tmp;
3888 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3889 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3893 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3896 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3897 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3902 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3905 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3908 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt220";
3911 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3914 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
3917 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3918 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3919 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3925 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3928 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3929 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3930 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3933 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3936 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3939 static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3940 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3941 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
3944 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
3945 * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
3947 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3948 reset_signal_mask();
3950 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3952 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
3956 seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
3960 STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
3961 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
3964 d = opendir(*directory);
3966 if (errno == ENOENT)
3969 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
3972 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3973 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3977 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3980 if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
3981 log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
3985 r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
3989 path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3993 if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
3994 log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
4000 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4002 } else if (pid == 0) {
4005 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4015 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4018 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4020 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4027 /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
4028 * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
4029 * and turn on alarm(). */
4031 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4032 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4034 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4035 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4038 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4041 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4044 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4050 void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4054 char **dirs = (char**) directories;
4056 assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
4058 name = basename(dirs[0]);
4059 assert(!isempty(name));
4061 /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
4062 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
4063 * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
4064 * earliest one wins. */
4066 executor_pid = fork();
4067 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4068 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4071 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4072 r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
4073 _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
4076 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
4079 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4082 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4090 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4096 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4097 if (streq(i, needle))
4103 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4104 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4107 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4116 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4118 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4119 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4120 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4126 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4133 /* Doesn't accept empty hostnames, hostnames with trailing or
4134 * leading dots, and hostnames with multiple dots in a
4135 * sequence. Also ensures that the length stays below
4138 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4145 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4155 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4161 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4165 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4172 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4173 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4184 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4189 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4191 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4194 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4195 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4204 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4205 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4207 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4212 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4219 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4222 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4224 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4232 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4239 return pollfd.revents;
4242 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4251 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4255 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4261 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4274 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4277 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4283 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4284 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4286 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4290 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4293 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4297 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4298 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4299 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4301 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4304 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4305 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4306 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4308 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4313 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4314 "\033[H" /* move home */
4315 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4322 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4325 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4332 /* Try to deallocate */
4333 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4337 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4346 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4348 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4353 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4354 "\033[H" /* move home */
4355 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4362 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4363 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4369 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4373 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4376 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4384 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4385 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4390 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4394 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4397 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4405 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4406 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4411 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4415 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4418 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4426 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4430 display[0] == ':' &&
4431 display[1] >= '0' &&
4435 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4442 if (!display_is_local(display))
4445 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4447 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4451 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4452 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4461 const char **username,
4462 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4464 const char **shell) {
4472 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4473 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4475 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4493 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4497 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4498 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4499 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4500 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4501 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4503 *username = p->pw_name;
4506 p = getpwnam(*username);
4510 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4522 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4527 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4532 return strdup("root");
4536 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4538 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4544 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4549 return strdup("root");
4553 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4555 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4561 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4567 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4568 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4570 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4571 *groupname = "root";
4579 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4584 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4587 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4591 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4599 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4601 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4603 if (getgid() == gid)
4606 if (getegid() == gid)
4609 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4610 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4612 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4614 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4618 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4625 int in_group(const char *name) {
4629 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4636 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4637 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4643 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4645 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4647 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4650 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4652 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4655 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4656 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4661 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4663 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4665 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4667 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4668 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4670 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4671 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4679 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4685 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4688 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4692 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4693 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4694 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4695 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4696 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4697 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4698 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4704 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4705 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4706 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4707 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4711 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4712 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4724 if (!de && errno != 0)
4729 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4731 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4735 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4736 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4739 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4750 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4756 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4770 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4775 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4799 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4813 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4814 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4816 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4817 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4822 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4829 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4830 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4833 r = access(p, F_OK);
4841 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4842 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4845 r = access(p, F_OK);
4851 /* Get parent dev_t */
4852 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4855 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4861 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4867 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4868 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4871 r = access(p, F_OK);
4875 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4882 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4883 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4884 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4885 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4886 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4889 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4891 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4892 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4893 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4894 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4895 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4896 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4897 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4900 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4902 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4903 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4904 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4905 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4906 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4907 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4908 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4909 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4910 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4911 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4912 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4913 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4914 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4915 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4916 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4917 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4918 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4919 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4920 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4921 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4922 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4925 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4927 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4928 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4929 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4930 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4932 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4933 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4934 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4935 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4938 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4940 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4941 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4942 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4943 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4944 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4948 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4950 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4951 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4952 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4953 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4954 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4955 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4956 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4957 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4958 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4959 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4960 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4961 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4962 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4963 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4964 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4965 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4966 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4969 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4971 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4972 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4973 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4974 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4975 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4978 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4980 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4997 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5008 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5010 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5016 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5018 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5019 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5022 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5026 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5027 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5029 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5034 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5039 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5043 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5047 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5048 signo = (int) u + offset;
5049 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5055 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5056 bool loaded = false;
5059 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5067 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5069 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5078 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5085 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5088 static const struct {
5092 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5093 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5094 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5095 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5096 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5100 if (t == (off_t) -1)
5103 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5105 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5108 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5109 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5116 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5124 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5137 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5139 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5141 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5142 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5145 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5148 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5149 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5155 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5157 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5159 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5160 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5163 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5166 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5167 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5172 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5173 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5174 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5175 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5183 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5186 parent_pid = getpid();
5188 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5189 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5190 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5191 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5192 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5195 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5196 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5200 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5201 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5208 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5209 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5210 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5212 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5213 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5214 * SIGTERM or so... */
5215 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5216 reset_signal_mask();
5218 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5219 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5220 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5221 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5223 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5224 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5226 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5227 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5229 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5232 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5233 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5234 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5235 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5236 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5237 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5238 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5239 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5241 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5242 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5246 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5249 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5255 /* Count arguments */
5257 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5262 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5264 /* Fill in arguments */
5266 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5267 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5271 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5274 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5275 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5279 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5285 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5286 * to get as close as we can */
5287 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5289 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5290 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5292 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5298 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5299 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5310 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5312 f = fopen(path, "re");
5320 char line[LINE_MAX];
5323 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5327 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5337 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5338 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5352 bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
5356 if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
5359 if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
5365 bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5371 p = startswith(url, "http://");
5373 p = startswith(url, "https://");
5380 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5383 bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5389 if (http_url_is_valid(url))
5392 p = startswith(url, "file:/");
5394 p = startswith(url, "info:");
5396 p = startswith(url, "man:");
5401 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5404 bool in_initrd(void) {
5405 static int saved = -1;
5411 /* We make two checks here:
5413 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5414 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5416 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5417 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5418 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5421 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5422 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5423 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5428 void warn_melody(void) {
5429 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5431 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5435 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5437 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5438 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5440 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5441 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5443 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5444 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5446 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5449 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5452 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5454 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5456 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5460 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5465 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5473 /* Take the user specified one */
5474 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5475 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5484 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5487 h = strdup("/root");
5495 /* Check the database... */
5499 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5501 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5504 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5512 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5520 /* Take the user specified one */
5521 e = getenv("SHELL");
5531 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5534 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5542 /* Check the database... */
5546 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5548 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5551 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5559 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5573 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5579 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5585 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5586 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5589 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5597 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5598 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5600 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5605 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5606 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5609 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5619 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5624 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5627 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5630 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5631 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5634 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5640 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5641 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5642 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5651 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5652 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5655 else if (comparison > 0)
5663 void init_gettext(void) {
5664 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
5665 textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
5668 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5670 static int cached_answer = -1;
5672 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5675 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5676 cached_answer = true;
5680 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5682 cached_answer = true;
5686 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5687 cached_answer = true;
5691 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5692 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5693 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5695 cached_answer = true;
5699 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5703 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5704 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5708 return (bool) cached_answer;
5711 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5712 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5715 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5716 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5717 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5718 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5719 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5720 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5721 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5722 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5725 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5726 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5727 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5728 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5729 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5730 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5731 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5732 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5737 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5740 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5743 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5749 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5750 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5763 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5769 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5770 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5778 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5790 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5791 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5796 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5798 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5804 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5806 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5808 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5812 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5817 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5819 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5820 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5821 else if (*i == '\t')
5828 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5831 } else if (*i == '[') {
5832 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5837 state = STATE_OTHER;
5844 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5845 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5848 state = STATE_OTHER;
5850 } else if (*i == 'm')
5851 state = STATE_OTHER;
5873 int on_ac_power(void) {
5874 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5875 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5877 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5879 return errno == ENOENT ? true : -errno;
5883 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5889 if (!de && errno != 0)
5895 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
5898 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5900 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5906 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5908 if (errno == ENOENT)
5914 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5918 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5922 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5924 if (errno == ENOENT)
5930 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5934 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5937 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5938 found_online = true;
5940 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5941 found_offline = true;
5946 return found_online || !found_offline;
5949 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5956 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5959 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5960 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5964 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5966 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5976 if (errno != ENOENT)
5983 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5984 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5990 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5993 f = fopen(path, mode);
6002 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6006 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6009 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6010 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6012 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6015 f = fopen(path, mode);
6024 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6028 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6031 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6038 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6045 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6050 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6059 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6069 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6083 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6091 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6095 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6102 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6109 if (*allocated >= need)
6112 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6113 a = newalloc * size;
6115 /* check for overflows */
6116 if (a < size * need)
6124 *allocated = newalloc;
6128 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6137 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6141 if (*allocated > prev)
6142 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6147 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6153 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6155 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6158 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6159 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6160 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6164 } else if (l == 36) {
6166 /* Formatted UUID */
6168 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6171 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6175 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6176 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6177 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6188 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6203 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6207 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6219 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6220 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6223 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6229 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6232 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6235 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6236 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6238 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6241 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6242 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6248 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6254 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6257 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
6263 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6265 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6268 value = strchr(word, '=');
6272 r = parse_item(word, value);
6280 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6281 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6288 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6294 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6297 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
6303 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6305 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6309 e = startswith(word, key);
6313 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6319 if (streq(word, key))
6333 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6334 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6342 p = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6343 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6351 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6354 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6364 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6365 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6373 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6374 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6382 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6383 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6391 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6392 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6400 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6401 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6407 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6410 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6413 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6418 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6423 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6426 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6430 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6434 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6438 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6441 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6445 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6448 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6451 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6457 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6458 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6463 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6466 return errno != ESRCH;
6469 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6472 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6477 r = get_process_state(pid);
6478 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6484 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6485 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6492 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6496 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6499 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6500 * to namespacing issues */
6503 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6505 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6512 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6524 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6528 if (errno != ERANGE)
6535 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6551 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6552 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6553 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6560 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6567 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6574 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6575 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6580 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6581 p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6583 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6591 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6594 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6597 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6598 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6600 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6601 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6603 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6604 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6609 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6611 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6612 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6613 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6614 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6615 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6616 * used by libseccomp. */
6618 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6620 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6623 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6626 #elif defined(__i386__)
6628 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6632 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6633 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6634 * as error indicator. */
6635 return 0xffffffffUL;
6638 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6640 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6642 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6648 #elif defined(__i386__)
6657 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6660 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6661 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6663 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6666 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6669 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6670 const uint8_t *b = p;
6673 assert(s == 0 || b);
6678 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6680 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6685 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6693 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6698 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6712 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6717 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6719 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6720 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6722 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6727 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6731 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6732 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6733 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6736 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6741 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6742 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6746 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6749 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6750 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6751 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6752 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6753 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6754 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6755 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6756 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6757 "- " /* (8) separator */
6758 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6759 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6760 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6761 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6770 r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
6774 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6777 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6793 static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
6796 if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
6798 *flags = buf.f_flag;
6802 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6803 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6804 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6807 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6808 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6809 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6810 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6811 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6812 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6813 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6814 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6815 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6816 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6817 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6818 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6819 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6821 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6825 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6827 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6832 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6833 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6834 bool top_autofs = false;
6836 unsigned long orig_flags;
6838 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6842 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6843 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6847 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6850 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6851 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6852 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6853 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6854 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6855 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6856 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6857 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6858 "- " /* (8) separator */
6859 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6860 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6861 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6862 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6872 r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
6876 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6877 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6878 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6879 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6880 * already triggered, then we will find
6881 * another entry for this. */
6882 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6883 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6887 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6888 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6890 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6900 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6901 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6903 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6904 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6907 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6908 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6909 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6910 * mount, make it one. */
6911 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6915 (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
6916 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
6918 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6921 x = strdup(cleaned);
6925 r = set_consume(done, x);
6930 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6932 r = set_consume(done, x);
6938 /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
6939 * don't care for errors, in case of
6940 * obstructed mounts */
6942 (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
6943 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
6945 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6947 /* Deal with mount points that are
6948 * obstructed by a later mount */
6950 if (errno != ENOENT)
6958 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6965 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6970 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
6982 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
6986 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
6989 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
6993 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
6995 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
6999 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7013 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7017 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7020 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7024 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7027 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7028 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7034 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7038 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7049 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7052 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7056 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7059 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7060 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7066 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7070 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7071 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7074 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7075 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7077 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7078 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7079 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7080 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7081 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7082 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7083 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7084 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7087 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7089 struct flock flock = {
7091 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7099 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7100 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7101 * our own trivial version of this.
7103 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7104 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7105 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7106 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7107 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7110 path = strjoina(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7112 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7114 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7118 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7127 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7130 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7133 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7136 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7141 r = stat(path, &st);
7143 r = lstat(path, &st);
7147 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7150 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, UnquoteFlags flags) {
7151 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7152 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7160 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7162 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7170 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7171 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7172 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7173 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7183 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7193 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7195 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7197 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7198 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7201 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7211 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7216 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7219 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7220 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7234 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7237 } else if (c == '\'')
7240 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7242 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7250 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7252 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7257 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7260 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7261 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7269 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7278 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7280 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7288 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7290 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7295 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7298 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7299 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7307 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7313 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7335 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, UnquoteFlags flags, ...) {
7340 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7341 * quotes if necessary. */
7345 /* Count how many words are expected */
7346 va_start(ap, flags);
7348 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7357 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7358 l = newa0(char*, n);
7359 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7361 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], flags);
7365 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7375 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7377 va_start(ap, flags);
7378 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7381 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7391 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7396 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7397 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7412 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7414 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7418 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7425 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7432 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7445 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7449 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7459 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7460 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7461 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7463 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7464 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7466 struct msghdr mh = {
7467 .msg_control = &control,
7468 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7470 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7477 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7481 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7491 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7493 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7495 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7497 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7499 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7501 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7502 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7503 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7504 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7505 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7507 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7509 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7510 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7512 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7515 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7517 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7520 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7523 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7526 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7527 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7531 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7532 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7535 close_many(fds, n_fds);
7545 ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
7546 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7549 /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
7551 fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOATIME|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
7555 l = fgetxattr(fd, attribute, value, size);
7562 static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
7568 if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
7575 int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
7582 /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
7583 * let's fake one with xattrs */
7585 n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7588 if (n != sizeof(le))
7591 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7594 int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
7598 n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
7601 if (n != sizeof(le))
7604 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7607 int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
7614 n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7617 if (n != sizeof(le))
7620 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7623 int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
7629 usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
7631 le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
7632 if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
7638 int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7639 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7646 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7650 new_attr = old_attr | mask;
7652 new_attr = old_attr & ~mask;
7654 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7657 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7663 int chattr_path(const char *p, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7664 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7671 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7675 return chattr_fd(fd, b, mask);
7678 int change_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
7679 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7686 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7689 new_attr = (old_attr & ~mask) |(value & mask);
7691 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7694 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7700 int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
7703 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
7709 int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
7710 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7715 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7719 return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
7722 int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7723 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7724 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
7728 * We use UNPOSIX locks if they are available. They have nice
7729 * semantics, and are mostly compatible with NFS. However,
7730 * they are only available on new kernels. When we detect we
7731 * are running on an older kernel, then we fall back to good
7732 * old BSD locks. They also have nice semantics, but are
7733 * slightly problematic on NFS, where they are upgraded to
7734 * POSIX locks, even though locally they are orthogonal to
7744 .l_type = (operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK,
7745 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7749 fd = open(p, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0600);
7753 r = fcntl(fd, (operation & LOCK_NB) ? F_OFD_SETLK : F_OFD_SETLKW, &fl);
7756 /* If the kernel is too old, use good old BSD locks */
7757 if (errno == EINVAL)
7758 r = flock(fd, operation);
7761 return errno == EAGAIN ? -EBUSY : -errno;
7764 /* If we acquired the lock, let's check if the file
7765 * still exists in the file system. If not, then the
7766 * previous exclusive owner removed it and then closed
7767 * it. In such a case our acquired lock is worthless,
7768 * hence try again. */
7773 if (st.st_nlink > 0)
7776 fd = safe_close(fd);
7781 ret->operation = operation;
7789 int make_lock_file_for(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7797 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7800 t = newa(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 4 + 1);
7801 stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), ".lck");
7803 return make_lock_file(t, operation, ret);
7806 void release_lock_file(LockFile *f) {
7814 /* If we are the exclusive owner we can safely delete
7815 * the lock file itself. If we are not the exclusive
7816 * owner, we can try becoming it. */
7819 (f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_SH) {
7820 static const struct flock fl = {
7822 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7825 r = fcntl(f->fd, F_OFD_SETLK, &fl);
7826 if (r < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
7827 r = flock(f->fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
7830 f->operation = LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB;
7833 if ((f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX)
7834 unlink_noerrno(f->path);
7840 f->fd = safe_close(f->fd);
7844 static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
7859 ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
7860 const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
7868 n = nul_length(q, e - q);
7870 /* If there are more than the specified run length of
7871 * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
7872 * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
7873 if ((n > run_length) ||
7874 (n > 0 && q == p) ||
7875 (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
7877 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
7884 if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
7896 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
7903 return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
7906 void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid) {
7912 if (kill(*pid, SIGKILL) > 0)
7913 (void) wait_for_terminate(*pid, NULL);
7916 int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
7917 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
7927 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
7930 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
7931 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7933 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
7934 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7935 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
7937 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
7938 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7939 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
7940 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
7945 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
7946 (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
7950 *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
7952 *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
7958 ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
7964 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
7965 if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
7971 void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
7972 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7976 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(mh, cmsg))
7977 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
7978 close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
7981 int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
7985 ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
7989 /* Even though renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added
7990 * support for it later. If it is not implemented, fallback to another
7992 if (errno != EINVAL)
7995 /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
7996 * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
7997 * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
7999 ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
8000 if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
8001 ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
8002 return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
8005 /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
8006 ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
8010 ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
8012 /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
8014 (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);