1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
178 char * buf_old = buf;
224 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
225 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
226 * g_strescape() does the same */
227 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
229 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
230 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
231 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
237 return buf - buf_old;
240 int close_nointr(int fd) {
247 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
250 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
251 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
252 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
253 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
261 int safe_close(int fd) {
264 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
265 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
266 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
268 * fd = safe_close(fd);
274 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
275 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
276 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
277 * the fd was invalid at all... */
279 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
285 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
288 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
290 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
294 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
305 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
308 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
310 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
316 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
317 unsigned long ul = 0;
324 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
330 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
340 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
341 unsigned long ul = 0;
348 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
354 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
357 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
358 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
361 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
362 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
369 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
377 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
379 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
380 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
382 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
385 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
389 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
397 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
399 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
400 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
402 if ((long) (int) l != l)
409 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
417 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
419 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
420 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
422 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
429 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
437 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
439 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
440 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
442 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
449 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
457 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
459 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
460 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
462 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
469 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
471 unsigned long long l;
477 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
479 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
480 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
486 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
494 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
496 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
497 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
503 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
510 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
515 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
516 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
522 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
523 bool escaped = false;
526 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
529 else if (s[n] == '\\')
531 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
535 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
539 /* Split a string into words. */
540 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
546 assert(**state == '\0');
550 current += strspn(current, separator);
556 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
557 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
559 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
560 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
561 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
562 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
566 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
567 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
569 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
570 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
571 /* unfinished escape */
575 *state = current + *l;
577 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
578 *state = current + *l;
584 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
586 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
598 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
599 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
603 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
604 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
605 * skip over it manually */
607 p = strrchr(line, ')');
619 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
622 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
627 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
632 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
638 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
641 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
645 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
649 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
653 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
654 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
658 p = strrchr(line, ')');
664 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
667 return (unsigned char) state;
670 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
677 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
679 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
686 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
687 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
695 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
701 if (max_length == 0) {
702 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
704 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
706 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
711 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
721 r = new(char, max_length);
727 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
749 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
756 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
758 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
766 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
770 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
779 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
791 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
796 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
800 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
803 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
808 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
814 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
816 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
819 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
825 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
827 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
832 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
839 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
840 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
844 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
851 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
852 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
862 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
867 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
872 if (startswith(l, field)) {
874 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
876 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
878 return parse_uid(l, uid);
885 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
886 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
889 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
890 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
891 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
894 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
899 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
901 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
904 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
909 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
911 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
914 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
915 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
916 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
919 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
924 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
930 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
931 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
935 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
937 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
947 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
955 return strndup(suffix, b);
964 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
967 r = new(char, a+b+1);
972 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
978 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
979 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
982 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
997 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1004 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1015 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1016 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1019 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1020 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1024 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1028 value = basename(link);
1032 value = strdup(value);
1041 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1042 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1049 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1053 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1061 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1068 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1072 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1079 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1084 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1087 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1088 struct sigaction sa = {
1089 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1090 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1093 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1094 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1097 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1098 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1099 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1100 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1107 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1110 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1113 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1119 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1122 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1123 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1125 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1127 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1128 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1136 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1139 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1141 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1142 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1153 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1160 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1161 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1164 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1165 return strdup(filename);
1167 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1168 return strdup(filename);
1170 k = strlen(filename);
1171 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1174 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1175 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1180 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1189 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1190 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1196 /* Skip last component */
1197 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1200 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1201 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1207 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1210 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1219 if (errno != ENOENT)
1226 char hexchar(int x) {
1227 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1229 return table[x & 15];
1232 int unhexchar(char c) {
1234 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1237 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1238 return c - 'a' + 10;
1240 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1241 return c - 'A' + 10;
1246 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1250 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1254 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1255 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1256 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1263 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1269 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1273 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1276 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1278 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1282 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1289 char octchar(int x) {
1290 return '0' + (x & 7);
1293 int unoctchar(char c) {
1295 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1301 char decchar(int x) {
1302 return '0' + (x % 10);
1305 int undecchar(char c) {
1307 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1313 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1319 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1321 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1325 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1326 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1333 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1340 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1342 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1344 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1349 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1351 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1394 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1399 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1402 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1403 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1405 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1406 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1410 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1425 /* octal encoding */
1428 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1429 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1430 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1432 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1433 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1437 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1445 /* premature end of string. */
1450 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1462 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1463 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1466 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1469 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1472 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1476 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1477 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1480 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1484 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1486 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1487 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1490 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1491 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1501 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1506 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1507 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1508 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1513 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1517 filename[0] == '.' ||
1518 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1519 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1520 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1521 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1522 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1523 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1524 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1525 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1526 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1527 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1530 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1533 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1536 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1539 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1544 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1549 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1551 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1553 if (nflags == flags)
1556 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1562 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1567 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1572 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1574 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1576 if (nflags == flags)
1579 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1585 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1588 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1590 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1597 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1598 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1602 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1604 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1609 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1610 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1613 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1614 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1616 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1619 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1620 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1627 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1630 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1633 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1634 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1643 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1646 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1647 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1648 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1656 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1659 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1660 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1667 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1668 static const char table[] =
1682 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1686 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1690 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1692 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1698 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1702 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1705 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1708 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1714 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1715 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1716 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1721 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1722 new_termios = old_termios;
1724 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1725 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1726 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1728 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1731 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1732 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1733 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1738 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1740 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1746 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1753 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1754 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1759 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1760 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1764 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1774 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1784 bool need_nl = true;
1787 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1794 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1798 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1801 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1802 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1813 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1818 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1822 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1827 char line[LINE_MAX];
1831 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1838 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1843 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1844 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1846 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1865 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1866 struct termios termios;
1869 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1873 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1874 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1875 * interfere with that. */
1877 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1878 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1880 /* Switch to text mode */
1882 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1884 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1885 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1887 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1892 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1893 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1894 * else will do that for us */
1896 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1897 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1898 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1899 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1900 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1902 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1903 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1904 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1905 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1906 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1907 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1908 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1909 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1910 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1911 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1912 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1913 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1914 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1916 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1917 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1919 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1923 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1924 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1929 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1930 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1932 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1936 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1939 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1944 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1945 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1946 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1947 * retrying a couple of times.
1949 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1952 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1955 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1962 /* Max 1s in total */
1966 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1984 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1985 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1995 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2005 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2011 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2020 int acquire_terminal(
2024 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2027 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2032 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2033 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2034 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2036 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2037 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2038 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2039 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2040 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2041 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2042 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2043 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2045 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2046 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2048 if (!fail && !force) {
2049 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2055 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2063 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2064 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2065 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2069 r = flush_fd(notify);
2074 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2075 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2076 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2077 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2081 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2082 * if we already own the tty. */
2083 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2085 /* First, try to get the tty */
2086 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2089 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2091 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2092 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2093 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2094 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2097 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2106 assert(notify >= 0);
2109 uint8_t buffer[INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX] _alignas_(struct inotify_event);
2110 struct inotify_event *e;
2113 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2116 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2117 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2122 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2132 l = read(notify, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2134 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2141 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2142 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2151 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2152 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2153 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2154 * an endless loop. */
2155 fd = safe_close(fd);
2160 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2162 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2173 int release_terminal(void) {
2174 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2175 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2176 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2179 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2180 struct sigaction sa_old;
2183 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2187 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2188 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2189 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2191 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2194 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2199 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2204 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2205 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2212 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2213 struct sigaction sa = {
2214 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2215 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2220 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2224 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2225 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2232 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2233 struct sigaction sa = {
2234 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2235 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2240 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2244 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2245 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2252 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2256 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2258 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2262 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2263 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2266 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2273 while (nbytes > 0) {
2276 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2281 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2283 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2284 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2287 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2291 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2305 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2306 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2313 while (nbytes > 0) {
2316 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2321 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2322 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2323 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2326 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2333 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2343 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2345 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2346 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2347 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2348 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2349 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2350 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2351 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2353 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2354 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2355 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2356 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2361 unsigned long long factor;
2364 static const struct table iec[] = {
2365 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2366 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2367 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2368 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2369 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2375 static const struct table si[] = {
2376 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2377 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2378 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2379 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2380 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2386 const struct table *table;
2388 unsigned long long r = 0;
2389 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2392 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2397 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2400 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2406 unsigned long long l2;
2412 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2425 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2428 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2429 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2431 if (errno == ERANGE)
2434 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2441 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2443 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2444 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2445 unsigned long long tmp;
2446 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2448 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2449 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2453 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2456 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2472 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2477 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2478 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2479 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2484 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2487 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2488 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2489 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2490 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2491 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2496 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2499 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2503 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2506 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2508 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2509 * sysfs or in /dev */
2512 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2513 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2516 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2517 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2528 if (!de && errno != 0)
2534 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2539 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2540 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2557 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2558 static int have_syscall = -1;
2562 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2563 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2564 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2565 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2566 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2567 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2569 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2570 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2571 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2572 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2574 have_syscall = true;
2579 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2580 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2581 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2582 have_syscall = false;
2583 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2584 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2585 * remember to use the syscall the
2586 * next time, again, but also read
2587 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2588 * doesn't care about the current
2589 * amount of entropy. */
2590 have_syscall = true;
2594 /* too short read? */
2598 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2600 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2602 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2607 if ((size_t) k != n)
2613 void initialize_srand(void) {
2614 static bool srand_called = false;
2616 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2625 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2626 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2627 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2628 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2630 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2632 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2635 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2636 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2639 srand_called = true;
2642 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2646 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2650 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2651 * get a PRNG instead. */
2655 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2659 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2662 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2663 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2664 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2665 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2666 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2667 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2670 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2672 if (program_invocation_name)
2673 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2675 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2679 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2681 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2685 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2690 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2697 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2698 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2702 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2707 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2710 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2711 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2714 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2720 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2723 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2725 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2726 return strdup(u.nodename);
2728 return strdup(u.sysname);
2731 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2734 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2736 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2739 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2742 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2743 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2745 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2747 return strdup("root");
2749 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2753 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2757 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2758 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2760 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2766 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2770 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2775 return lookup_uid(uid);
2778 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2785 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2788 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2798 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2803 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2804 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2821 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2825 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2829 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2831 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2838 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2840 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2842 unsigned long ttynr;
2846 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2847 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2851 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2861 "%*d " /* session */
2866 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2875 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2876 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2877 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2884 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2888 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2890 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2896 /* This is an ugly hack */
2897 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2898 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2902 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2903 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2904 * vaguely useful. */
2910 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2912 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2930 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2931 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2936 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2937 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2943 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2948 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2955 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2960 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2963 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2965 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2966 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2967 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2972 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2975 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2976 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2978 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2979 keep_around = false;
2985 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2986 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2989 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2990 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2991 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2992 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2997 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2998 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3002 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3003 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3007 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3009 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3010 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3017 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3020 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3021 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3024 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3027 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3030 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3033 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3038 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3043 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3044 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3046 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3047 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3052 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3055 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3060 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3064 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3065 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3068 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3074 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3075 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3076 * seriously broken system. */
3077 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3078 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3082 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3085 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3089 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3092 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3093 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3098 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3099 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3106 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3111 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3112 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3118 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3121 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3124 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3133 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3134 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3137 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3138 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3141 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3144 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3145 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3146 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3148 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3149 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3152 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3153 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3159 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3162 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3163 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3164 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3166 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3167 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3170 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3171 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3177 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3181 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3184 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3187 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3188 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3198 if (errno != EINVAL)
3205 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3206 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3207 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3208 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3209 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3211 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3215 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3216 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3218 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3221 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3234 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3240 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3248 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3249 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3252 if (!isempty(status)) {
3253 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3254 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3255 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3257 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3260 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3262 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3264 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3270 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3276 va_start(ap, format);
3277 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3283 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3290 const char *e, *word = format;
3295 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3306 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3316 } else if (*e == '$') {
3317 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3334 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3336 k = strappend(r, t);
3350 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3362 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3364 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3366 l = strv_length(argv);
3368 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3372 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3374 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3375 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3380 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3384 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3396 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3406 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3414 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3415 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3427 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3428 struct winsize ws = {};
3430 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3439 unsigned columns(void) {
3443 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3444 return cached_columns;
3447 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3449 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3452 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3461 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3462 struct winsize ws = {};
3464 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3473 unsigned lines(void) {
3477 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3478 return cached_lines;
3481 e = getenv("LINES");
3483 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3486 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3492 return cached_lines;
3495 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3496 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3502 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3504 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3505 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3507 return cached_on_tty;
3510 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3513 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3516 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3519 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3520 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3523 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3526 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3533 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3538 assert(percent <= 100);
3539 assert(new_length >= 3);
3541 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3542 return strndup(s, old_length);
3544 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3548 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3550 if (x > new_length - 3)
3558 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3559 new_length - x - 3);
3564 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3568 unsigned k, len, len2;
3571 assert(percent <= 100);
3572 assert(new_length >= 3);
3574 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3575 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3576 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3578 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3579 return strndup(s, old_length);
3581 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3583 if (x > new_length - 3)
3587 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3590 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3593 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3596 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3599 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3602 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3603 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3606 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3610 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3612 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3614 /* make space for ellipsis */
3615 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3618 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3619 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3624 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3625 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3629 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3633 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3638 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3639 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3642 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3643 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3649 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3651 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3656 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3661 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3662 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3667 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3668 struct timespec ts[2];
3670 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3672 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3674 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3681 int touch(const char *path) {
3682 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3685 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3689 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3690 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3691 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3698 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3699 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3704 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3705 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3709 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3719 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3724 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3725 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3727 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3731 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3734 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3745 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3759 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3760 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3761 * failed for an unknown reason.
3762 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3765 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3766 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3768 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3769 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3771 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3778 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3780 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3782 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3783 if (status.si_status != 0)
3784 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3785 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3787 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3789 return status.si_status;
3790 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3791 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3793 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3797 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3801 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3803 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3804 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3812 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3815 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3818 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3824 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3829 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3832 return null_or_empty(&st);
3835 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3840 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3843 return null_or_empty(&st);
3846 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3850 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3852 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3865 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3869 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3871 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3872 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3877 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3878 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3881 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3885 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3886 t = new(char, enc_len);
3890 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3893 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3896 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3899 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3900 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3902 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3903 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3905 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3906 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3908 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3909 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3914 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3917 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3920 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3923 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3926 return streq(tty, "console");
3929 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3934 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3937 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3940 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3943 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3947 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3953 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3956 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3957 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3959 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3962 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3965 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3966 * /dev/console points to */
3967 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3973 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3976 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3977 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3979 tty = *active = tmp;
3986 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3987 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3991 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3994 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3995 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
4000 return tty_is_vc(tty);
4003 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4006 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4009 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4012 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
4015 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4016 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4017 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4023 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4026 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4027 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4028 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4031 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4034 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4037 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4043 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4044 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
4046 executor_pid = fork();
4047 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4048 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4051 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4052 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4053 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
4056 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
4057 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
4060 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4061 reset_signal_mask();
4063 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4066 d = _d = opendir(directory);
4068 if (errno == ENOENT)
4069 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4071 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4072 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4076 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4079 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4082 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4083 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4086 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4089 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4092 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4097 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4099 } else if (pid == 0) {
4102 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4112 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4113 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4116 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4118 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4121 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4127 /* Abort execution of this process after the
4128 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
4129 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
4131 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4132 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4134 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4135 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4138 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4141 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4144 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4147 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4150 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid, true);
4153 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4156 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4164 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4170 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4171 if (streq(i, needle))
4177 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4178 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4181 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4190 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4192 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4193 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4194 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4200 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4207 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4214 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4224 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4230 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4234 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4241 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4242 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4253 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4258 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4260 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4263 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4264 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4273 bool image_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4274 if (!filename_is_valid(s))
4277 if (string_has_cc(s, NULL))
4280 if (!utf8_is_valid(s))
4283 /* Temporary files for atomically creating new files */
4284 if (startswith(s, ".#"))
4290 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4291 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4293 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4298 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4305 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4308 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4310 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4318 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4325 return pollfd.revents;
4328 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4337 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4341 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4347 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4360 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4363 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4369 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4370 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4372 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4376 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4379 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4383 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4384 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4385 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4387 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4390 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4391 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4392 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4394 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4399 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4400 "\033[H" /* move home */
4401 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4408 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4411 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4418 /* Try to deallocate */
4419 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4423 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4432 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4434 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4439 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4440 "\033[H" /* move home */
4441 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4448 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4449 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4455 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4459 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4462 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4470 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4471 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4476 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4480 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4483 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4491 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4492 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4497 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4501 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4504 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4512 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4516 display[0] == ':' &&
4517 display[1] >= '0' &&
4521 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4528 if (!display_is_local(display))
4531 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4533 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4537 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4538 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4547 const char **username,
4548 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4550 const char **shell) {
4558 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4559 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4561 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4579 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4583 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4584 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4585 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4586 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4587 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4589 *username = p->pw_name;
4592 p = getpwnam(*username);
4596 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4608 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4613 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4618 return strdup("root");
4622 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4624 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4630 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4635 return strdup("root");
4639 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4641 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4647 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4653 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4654 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4656 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4657 *groupname = "root";
4665 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4670 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4673 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4677 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4685 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4687 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4689 if (getgid() == gid)
4692 if (getegid() == gid)
4695 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4696 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4698 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4700 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4704 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4711 int in_group(const char *name) {
4715 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4722 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4723 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4729 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4731 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4733 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4736 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4738 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4741 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4742 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4747 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4749 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4751 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4753 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4754 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4756 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4757 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4765 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4771 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4774 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4778 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4779 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4780 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4781 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4782 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4783 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4784 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4790 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4791 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4792 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4793 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4797 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4798 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4810 if (!de && errno != 0)
4815 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4817 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4821 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4822 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4825 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4836 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4842 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4856 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4861 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4885 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4899 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4900 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4902 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4903 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4908 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4915 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4916 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4919 r = access(p, F_OK);
4927 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4928 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4931 r = access(p, F_OK);
4937 /* Get parent dev_t */
4938 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4941 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4947 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4953 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4954 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4957 r = access(p, F_OK);
4961 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4968 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4969 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4970 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4971 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4972 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4975 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4977 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4978 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4979 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4980 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4981 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4982 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4983 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4986 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4988 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4989 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4990 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4991 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4992 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4993 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4994 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4995 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4996 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4997 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4998 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4999 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5000 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5001 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5002 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5003 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5004 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5005 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5006 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5007 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5008 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5011 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
5013 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5014 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5015 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5016 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5018 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5019 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5020 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5021 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5024 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
5026 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5027 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5028 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5029 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5030 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5034 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
5036 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
5037 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5038 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5039 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5040 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5041 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5042 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5043 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5044 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5045 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5046 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5047 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5048 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5049 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5050 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5051 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5052 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5055 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5057 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5058 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5059 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5060 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5061 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5064 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5066 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5083 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5094 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5096 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5102 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5104 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5105 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5108 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5112 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5113 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5115 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5120 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5125 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5129 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5133 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5134 signo = (int) u + offset;
5135 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5141 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5142 bool loaded = false;
5145 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5153 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5155 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5164 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5171 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5174 static const struct {
5178 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5179 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5180 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5181 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5182 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5186 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5188 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5191 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5192 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5199 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5207 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5220 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5222 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5224 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5225 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5228 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5231 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5232 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5238 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5240 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5242 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5243 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5246 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5249 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5250 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5255 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5256 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5257 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5258 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5266 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5269 parent_pid = getpid();
5271 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5272 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5273 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5274 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5275 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5278 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5279 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5283 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5284 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5291 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5292 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5293 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5295 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5296 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5297 * SIGTERM or so... */
5298 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5299 reset_signal_mask();
5301 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5302 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5303 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5304 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5306 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5307 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5309 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5310 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5312 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5315 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5316 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5317 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5318 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5319 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5320 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5321 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5322 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5324 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5325 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5329 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5332 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5338 /* Count arguments */
5340 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5345 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5347 /* Fill in arguments */
5349 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5350 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5354 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5357 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5358 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5362 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5368 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5369 * to get as close as we can */
5370 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5372 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5373 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5375 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5381 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5382 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5393 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5395 f = fopen(path, "re");
5403 char line[LINE_MAX];
5406 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5410 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5420 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5421 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5435 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5438 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5441 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5444 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5447 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5450 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5456 bool in_initrd(void) {
5457 static int saved = -1;
5463 /* We make two checks here:
5465 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5466 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5468 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5469 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5470 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5473 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5474 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5475 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5480 void warn_melody(void) {
5481 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5483 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5487 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5489 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5490 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5492 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5493 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5495 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5496 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5498 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5501 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5504 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5506 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5508 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5512 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5517 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5525 /* Take the user specified one */
5526 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5527 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5536 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5539 h = strdup("/root");
5547 /* Check the database... */
5551 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5553 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5556 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5564 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5572 /* Take the user specified one */
5573 e = getenv("SHELL");
5583 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5586 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5594 /* Check the database... */
5598 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5600 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5603 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5611 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5625 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5631 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5637 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5638 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5641 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5649 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5650 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5652 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5657 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5658 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5661 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5671 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5676 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5679 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5682 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5683 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5686 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5692 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5693 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5694 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5703 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5704 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5707 else if (comparison > 0)
5715 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5717 static int cached_answer = -1;
5719 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5722 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5723 cached_answer = true;
5727 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5729 cached_answer = true;
5733 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5734 cached_answer = true;
5738 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5739 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5740 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5742 cached_answer = true;
5746 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5750 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5751 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5755 return (bool) cached_answer;
5758 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5759 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5762 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5763 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5764 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5765 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5766 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5767 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5768 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5769 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5772 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5773 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5774 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5775 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5776 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5777 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5778 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5779 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5784 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5787 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5790 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5796 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5797 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5810 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5816 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5817 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5825 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5837 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5838 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5843 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5845 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5851 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5853 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5855 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5859 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5864 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5866 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5867 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5868 else if (*i == '\t')
5875 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5878 } else if (*i == '[') {
5879 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5884 state = STATE_OTHER;
5891 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5892 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5895 state = STATE_OTHER;
5897 } else if (*i == 'm')
5898 state = STATE_OTHER;
5920 int on_ac_power(void) {
5921 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5922 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5924 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5930 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5936 if (!de && errno != 0)
5942 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
5945 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5947 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5953 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5955 if (errno == ENOENT)
5961 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5965 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5969 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5971 if (errno == ENOENT)
5977 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5981 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5984 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5985 found_online = true;
5987 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5988 found_offline = true;
5993 return found_online || !found_offline;
5996 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
6003 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
6006 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
6007 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
6011 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
6013 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
6023 if (errno != ENOENT)
6030 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
6031 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
6037 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6040 f = fopen(path, mode);
6049 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6053 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6056 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6057 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6059 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6062 f = fopen(path, mode);
6071 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6075 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6078 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6085 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6092 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6097 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6106 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6116 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6130 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6138 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6142 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6149 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6156 if (*allocated >= need)
6159 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6160 a = newalloc * size;
6162 /* check for overflows */
6163 if (a < size * need)
6171 *allocated = newalloc;
6175 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6184 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6188 if (*allocated > prev)
6189 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6194 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6200 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6202 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6205 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6206 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6207 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6211 } else if (l == 36) {
6213 /* Formatted UUID */
6215 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6218 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6222 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6223 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6224 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6235 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6250 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6254 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6266 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6267 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6270 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6276 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6279 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6282 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6283 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6285 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6288 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6289 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6295 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6301 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6304 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6310 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6312 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6315 value = strchr(word, '=');
6319 r = parse_item(word, value);
6327 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6328 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6335 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6341 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6344 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6350 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6352 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6356 e = startswith(word, key);
6360 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6366 if (streq(word, key))
6380 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6381 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6389 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6390 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6398 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6401 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6411 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6412 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6420 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6421 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6429 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6430 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6438 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6439 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6447 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6448 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6454 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6457 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6460 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6465 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6470 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6473 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6477 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6481 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6485 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6488 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6492 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6495 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6498 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6504 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6505 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6510 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6513 return errno != ESRCH;
6516 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6519 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6524 r = get_process_state(pid);
6525 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6531 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6532 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6539 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6543 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6546 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6547 * to namespacing issues */
6550 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6552 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6559 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6571 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6575 if (errno != ERANGE)
6582 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6598 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6599 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6600 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6607 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6614 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6621 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6622 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6627 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6628 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6630 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6638 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6641 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6644 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6645 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6647 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6648 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6650 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6651 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6656 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6658 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6659 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6660 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6661 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6662 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6663 * used by libseccomp. */
6665 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6667 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6670 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6673 #elif defined(__i386__)
6675 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6679 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6680 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6681 * as error indicator. */
6682 return 0xffffffffUL;
6685 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6687 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6689 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6695 #elif defined(__i386__)
6704 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6707 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6708 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6710 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6713 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6716 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6718 struct mntent me = {
6719 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6724 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6730 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6733 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6734 const uint8_t *b = p;
6737 assert(s == 0 || b);
6742 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6744 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6749 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6757 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6762 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6776 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6781 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6783 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6784 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6786 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6791 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6795 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6796 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6797 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6800 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6805 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6806 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6810 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6813 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6814 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6815 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6816 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6817 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6818 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6819 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6820 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6821 "- " /* (8) separator */
6822 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6823 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6824 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6825 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6834 p = cunescape(path);
6838 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6841 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6857 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6858 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6859 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6862 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6863 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6864 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6865 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6866 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6867 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6868 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6869 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6870 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6871 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6872 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6873 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6874 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6876 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6880 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6882 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6887 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6888 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6889 bool top_autofs = false;
6892 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6896 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6897 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6901 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6904 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6905 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6906 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6907 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6908 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6909 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6910 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6911 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6912 "- " /* (8) separator */
6913 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6914 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6915 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6916 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6926 p = cunescape(path);
6930 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6931 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6932 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6933 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6934 * already triggered, then we will find
6935 * another entry for this. */
6936 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6937 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6941 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6942 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6944 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6954 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6955 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6957 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6958 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6961 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6962 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6963 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6964 * mount, make it one. */
6965 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6968 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6971 x = strdup(cleaned);
6975 r = set_consume(done, x);
6980 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6982 r = set_consume(done, x);
6988 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6990 /* Deal with mount points that are
6991 * obstructed by a later mount */
6993 if (errno != ENOENT)
7001 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
7008 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
7013 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
7025 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
7029 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7032 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
7036 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
7038 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7042 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7056 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7060 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7063 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7067 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7070 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7071 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7077 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7081 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7092 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7095 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7099 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7102 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7103 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7109 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7113 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7114 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7117 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7118 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7120 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7121 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7122 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7123 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7124 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7125 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7126 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7127 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7130 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7132 struct flock flock = {
7134 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7142 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7143 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7144 * our own trivial version of this.
7146 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7147 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7148 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7149 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7150 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7153 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7155 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7157 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7161 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7170 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7173 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7176 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7179 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7184 r = stat(path, &st);
7186 r = lstat(path, &st);
7190 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7193 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7194 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7195 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7202 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7204 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7212 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7213 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7214 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7215 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7225 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7235 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7237 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7239 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7240 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7243 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7258 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7271 } else if (c == '\'')
7274 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7276 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7284 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7291 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7295 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7304 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7306 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7314 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7321 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7325 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7331 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7353 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7358 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7359 * quotes if necessary. */
7363 /* Count how many words are expected */
7366 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7375 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7376 l = newa0(char*, n);
7377 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7379 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7383 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7393 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7396 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7399 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7409 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7414 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7415 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7430 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7432 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7436 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7443 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7450 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7463 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7467 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7477 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7478 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7479 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7481 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7482 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7484 struct msghdr mh = {
7485 .msg_control = &control,
7486 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7488 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7495 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7499 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7509 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7511 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7513 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7515 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7517 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7519 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7520 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7521 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7522 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7523 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7525 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7527 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7528 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7530 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7533 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7535 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7538 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7541 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7544 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7545 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7549 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7550 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7553 close_many(fds, n_fds);