1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
70 #include "path-util.h"
71 #include "exit-status.h"
75 #include "device-nodes.h"
82 char **saved_argv = NULL;
84 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
85 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
87 size_t page_size(void) {
88 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
91 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
94 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
101 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
103 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
114 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
121 pl = strlen(postfix);
124 return (char*) s + sl;
129 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
132 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
135 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
154 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
157 int close_nointr(int fd) {
163 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
164 * thing to do on Linux.
166 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
167 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
168 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
169 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
171 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
179 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
182 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
185 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
188 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
191 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
193 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
194 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
197 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
208 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
211 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
213 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
219 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
220 unsigned long ul = 0;
227 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
233 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
243 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
244 unsigned long ul = 0;
251 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
257 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
264 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
272 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
274 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
275 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
277 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
280 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
284 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
292 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
294 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
295 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
297 if ((long) (int) l != l)
304 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
306 unsigned long long l;
312 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
314 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
315 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
321 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
329 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
331 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
332 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
338 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
345 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
350 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
351 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
357 /* Split a string into words. */
358 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
361 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
363 if (!*current || *c == 0)
366 current += strspn(current, separator);
367 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
370 return (char*) current;
373 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
374 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
375 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
377 bool escaped = false;
379 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
381 if (!*current || *c == 0)
384 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
386 if (*current == '\'') {
389 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
399 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
400 } else if (*current == '\"') {
403 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
413 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
415 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
420 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
427 return (char*) current;
430 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
432 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
445 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
450 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
451 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
455 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
456 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
457 * skip over it manually */
459 p = strrchr(line, ')');
471 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
474 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
479 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
480 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
488 p = "/proc/self/stat";
490 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
496 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
503 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
504 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
505 * skip over it manually */
507 p = strrchr(line, ')');
529 "%*d " /* priority */
531 "%*d " /* num_threads */
532 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
533 "%llu " /* starttime */,
540 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
545 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
551 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
554 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
558 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
565 p = "/proc/self/comm";
567 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
569 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
572 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
573 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
582 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
584 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
590 if (max_length == 0) {
591 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
593 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
595 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
600 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
610 r = new(char, max_length);
616 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
638 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
645 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
646 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
647 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
655 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
659 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
668 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
680 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
685 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
689 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
692 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
697 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
704 p = "/proc/self/status";
706 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
708 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
711 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
720 p = "/proc/self/exe";
722 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
724 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
728 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
735 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
736 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
746 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
751 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
756 if (startswith(l, field)) {
758 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
760 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
762 return parse_uid(l, uid);
769 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
770 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
773 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
774 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
775 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
778 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
786 return strndup(suffix, b);
795 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
798 r = new(char, a+b+1);
803 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
809 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
810 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
813 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
823 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
826 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
832 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
843 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
844 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
851 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
855 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
863 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
870 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
874 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
881 path_kill_slashes(*r);
886 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
889 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
890 struct sigaction sa = {
891 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
892 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
895 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
898 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
899 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
900 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
908 char *strstrip(char *s) {
911 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
912 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
914 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
916 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
917 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
925 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
928 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
930 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
942 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
949 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
955 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
962 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
963 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
966 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
967 return strdup(filename);
969 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
970 return strdup(filename);
972 k = strlen(filename);
973 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
976 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
977 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
982 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
991 /* Skip trailing slashes */
992 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
998 /* Skip last component */
999 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1002 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1003 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1009 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1012 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1021 if (errno != ENOENT)
1028 char hexchar(int x) {
1029 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1031 return table[x & 15];
1034 int unhexchar(char c) {
1036 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1039 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1040 return c - 'a' + 10;
1042 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1043 return c - 'A' + 10;
1048 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1052 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1056 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1057 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1058 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1065 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1071 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1075 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1078 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1080 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1084 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1091 char octchar(int x) {
1092 return '0' + (x & 7);
1095 int unoctchar(char c) {
1097 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1103 char decchar(int x) {
1104 return '0' + (x % 10);
1107 int undecchar(char c) {
1109 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1115 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1121 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1123 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1127 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1173 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1174 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1175 * g_strescape() does the same */
1176 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1178 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1179 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1180 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1191 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1198 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1200 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1202 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1207 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1209 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1252 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1257 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1260 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1261 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1263 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1264 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1268 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1283 /* octal encoding */
1286 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1287 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1288 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1290 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1291 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1295 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1303 /* premature end of string.*/
1308 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1320 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1321 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1324 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1327 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1330 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1334 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1335 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1338 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1342 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1344 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1345 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1348 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1349 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1359 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1364 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1365 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1366 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1371 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1375 filename[0] == '.' ||
1376 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1377 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1378 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1379 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1380 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1381 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1382 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1383 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1384 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1387 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1390 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1393 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1396 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1401 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1405 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1407 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1409 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1415 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1420 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1424 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1426 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1428 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1434 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1437 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1439 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1446 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1451 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1453 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1458 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1459 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1462 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1463 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1465 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1468 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1469 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1476 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1479 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1482 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1483 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1492 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1495 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1496 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1497 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1506 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1509 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1510 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1517 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1518 static const char table[] =
1528 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1532 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1534 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1540 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1544 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1547 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1550 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1556 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1557 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1559 char line[LINE_MAX];
1564 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1565 new_termios = old_termios;
1567 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1568 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1569 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1571 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1574 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1575 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1576 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1581 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1583 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1589 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1596 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1597 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1600 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1605 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1615 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1625 bool need_nl = true;
1628 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1635 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1639 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1642 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1643 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1654 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1659 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1663 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1664 struct termios termios;
1667 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1671 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1672 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1673 * interfere with that. */
1675 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1676 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1678 /* Switch to text mode */
1680 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1682 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1683 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1685 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1690 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1691 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1692 * else will do that for us */
1694 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1695 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1696 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1697 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1698 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1700 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1701 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1702 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1703 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1704 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1705 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1706 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1707 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1708 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1709 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1710 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1711 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1712 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1714 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1715 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1717 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1721 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1722 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1727 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1730 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1734 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1735 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1740 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1745 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1746 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1747 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1748 * retrying a couple of times.
1750 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1753 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1756 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1763 /* Max 1s in total */
1767 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1776 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1781 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1788 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1789 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1799 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1809 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1815 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1824 int acquire_terminal(
1828 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1831 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1836 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1837 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1838 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1840 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1841 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1842 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1843 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1844 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1845 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1846 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1847 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1849 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1850 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1852 if (!fail && !force) {
1853 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1859 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1867 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1868 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1869 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1873 r = flush_fd(notify);
1878 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1879 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1880 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1881 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1885 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1886 * if we already own the tty. */
1887 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1889 /* First, try to get the tty */
1890 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1893 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1895 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1896 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1897 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1898 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1901 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1910 assert(notify >= 0);
1913 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1915 struct inotify_event *e;
1917 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1920 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1921 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1926 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1936 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1939 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1946 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1951 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1956 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1957 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1959 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1966 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1967 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1968 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1969 * an endless loop. */
1970 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1974 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1976 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1978 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1984 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1987 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
1992 int release_terminal(void) {
1994 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1995 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1996 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1998 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2000 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2004 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2005 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2006 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2008 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2011 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2016 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2021 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2022 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2029 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2030 struct sigaction sa = {
2031 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2032 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2038 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2042 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2043 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2050 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2051 struct sigaction sa = {
2052 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2053 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2058 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2062 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2063 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2070 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2076 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2081 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2085 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2088 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2097 while (nbytes > 0) {
2100 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2102 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2105 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2106 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2111 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2115 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2118 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2119 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2120 * via read()/write()
2126 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2137 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2146 while (nbytes > 0) {
2149 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2152 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2155 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2156 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2161 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2165 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2168 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2169 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2170 * via read()/write()
2176 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2187 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2188 static const struct {
2190 unsigned long long factor;
2194 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2195 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2196 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2197 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2198 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2203 unsigned long long r = 0;
2215 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2226 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2228 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2229 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2230 unsigned long long tmp;
2231 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2233 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2234 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2238 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2241 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2245 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2255 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2260 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2261 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2262 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2265 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2267 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2270 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2275 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2278 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2282 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2285 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2287 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2288 * sysfs or in /dev */
2291 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2292 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2295 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2296 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2305 union dirent_storage buf;
2307 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2314 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2319 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2320 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2337 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2338 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2342 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2346 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2347 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2353 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2356 unsigned random_u(void) {
2357 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2361 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2365 r = loop_read(fd, &u, sizeof(u), true);
2372 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2375 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2378 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2379 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2380 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2381 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2382 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2383 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2386 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2388 if (program_invocation_name)
2389 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2391 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2395 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2397 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2401 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2406 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2413 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2414 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2418 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2421 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2423 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2424 return strdup(u.nodename);
2426 return strdup(u.sysname);
2429 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2432 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2434 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2437 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2440 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2441 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2443 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2445 return strdup("root");
2447 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2451 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2455 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2456 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2458 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2464 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2468 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2473 return lookup_uid(uid);
2476 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2483 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2486 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2487 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2492 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2498 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2506 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2510 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2514 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2516 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2523 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2524 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2525 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2526 unsigned long ttynr;
2534 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2536 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2538 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2542 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2543 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2547 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2557 "%*d " /* session */
2562 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2569 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2571 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2576 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2580 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2582 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2588 /* This is an ugly hack */
2589 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2590 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2600 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2601 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2602 * vaguely useful. */
2615 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2617 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2635 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2641 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2642 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2646 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2648 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2653 union dirent_storage buf;
2654 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2658 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2659 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2667 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2670 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2672 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2673 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2674 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2679 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2682 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2683 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2685 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2686 keep_around = false;
2692 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2693 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2696 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2697 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2698 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2699 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2704 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2705 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2709 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2710 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2714 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2716 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2717 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2728 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2731 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2732 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2735 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2740 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2741 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2745 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2746 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2748 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2749 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2750 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2754 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2757 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2763 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2764 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2765 * seriously broken system. */
2766 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2767 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2771 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2774 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2778 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2781 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2782 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2787 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2788 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2795 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2796 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2800 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2801 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2802 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2807 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2810 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2813 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2822 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2823 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2826 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2827 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2830 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2833 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2834 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2835 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2837 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2838 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2841 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2842 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2848 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2851 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2852 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2853 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2855 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2856 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2859 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2860 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2866 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2870 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2873 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2876 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2877 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2887 if (errno != EINVAL)
2894 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2895 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2896 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2897 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2898 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2900 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2904 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2905 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2907 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2910 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2923 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2929 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2937 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2938 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2941 if (!isempty(status)) {
2942 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2943 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2944 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2946 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2949 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2951 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2953 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2959 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
2965 va_start(ap, format);
2966 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
2972 int status_welcome(void) {
2973 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
2976 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
2977 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
2978 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
2981 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
2982 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
2984 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
2985 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
2986 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
2987 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
2990 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
2997 const char *e, *word = format;
3002 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3013 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3022 } else if (*e == '$') {
3023 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3039 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3041 k = strappend(r, t);
3055 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3066 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3068 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3070 l = strv_length(argv);
3072 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3075 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3077 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3078 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3083 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3086 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3097 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3106 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3114 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3115 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3125 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3126 struct winsize ws = {};
3128 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3137 unsigned columns(void) {
3141 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3142 return cached_columns;
3145 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3150 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3159 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3160 struct winsize ws = {};
3162 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3171 unsigned lines(void) {
3175 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3176 return cached_lines;
3179 e = getenv("LINES");
3184 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3190 return cached_lines;
3193 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3194 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3200 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3202 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3203 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3205 return cached_on_tty;
3208 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3209 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3211 /* Only works as root */
3212 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3215 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3219 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3220 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3223 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3228 assert(percent <= 100);
3229 assert(new_length >= 3);
3231 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3232 return strndup(s, old_length);
3234 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3238 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3240 if (x > new_length - 3)
3248 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3249 new_length - x - 3);
3254 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3258 unsigned k, len, len2;
3261 assert(percent <= 100);
3262 assert(new_length >= 3);
3264 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3265 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3266 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3268 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3269 return strndup(s, old_length);
3271 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3273 if (x > new_length - 3)
3277 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3280 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3283 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3286 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3289 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3292 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3293 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3296 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3300 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3302 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3304 /* make space for ellipsis */
3305 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3308 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3309 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3314 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3315 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3319 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3323 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3328 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3329 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3332 int touch(const char *path) {
3337 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3338 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3341 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3345 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3349 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3353 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3354 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3355 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3362 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3363 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3368 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3369 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3372 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3384 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3388 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3396 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3400 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3406 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3417 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3429 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3436 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3438 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3442 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3443 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3444 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3445 return status.si_status;
3448 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3451 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3452 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3454 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3458 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3462 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3464 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3465 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3473 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3476 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3479 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3485 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3490 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3493 return null_or_empty(&st);
3496 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3500 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3502 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3508 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3515 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3519 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3521 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3522 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3527 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3528 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3532 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3536 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3537 t = new(char, enc_len);
3541 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3544 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3550 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3553 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3554 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3556 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3557 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3559 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3560 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3562 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3563 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3568 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3571 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3574 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3577 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3580 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3583 return streq(tty, "console");
3586 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3591 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3594 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3597 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3600 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3604 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3610 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3613 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3614 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3616 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3619 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3622 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3623 * /dev/console points to */
3624 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3630 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3633 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3634 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3636 tty = *active = tmp;
3643 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3644 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3648 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3651 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3652 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3657 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3660 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3663 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3666 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3669 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3672 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3673 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3674 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3680 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3683 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3684 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3685 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3688 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3691 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3694 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3697 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3701 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3702 * waits for them to finish. */
3705 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3707 if (errno == ENOENT)
3710 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3717 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3718 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3722 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3727 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3730 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3735 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3736 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3754 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3755 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3758 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3760 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3761 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3766 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3767 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3771 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3776 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3780 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3781 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3782 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3783 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3785 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3787 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3798 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3801 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3804 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3812 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3818 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3819 if (streq(i, needle))
3825 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3826 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3829 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3838 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3840 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3841 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3842 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3848 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3855 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3862 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3872 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3878 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3882 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3889 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3890 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3901 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3906 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3908 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3910 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3913 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3920 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3923 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3925 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3930 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3937 return pollfd.revents;
3940 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3951 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3955 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3959 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3961 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3967 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3980 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3983 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3989 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3992 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3996 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3997 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4002 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4006 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4007 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4008 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4010 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4013 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4014 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4015 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4017 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4022 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4023 "\033[H" /* move home */
4024 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4026 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4031 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4034 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4041 /* Try to deallocate */
4042 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4046 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4047 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4055 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4057 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4062 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4063 "\033[H" /* move home */
4064 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4066 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4071 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4072 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4078 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4082 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4090 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4104 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4106 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4115 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4125 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4127 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4130 unsigned long long ull;
4137 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4141 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4145 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4148 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4149 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4155 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4158 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4167 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4171 display[0] == ':' &&
4172 display[1] >= '0' &&
4176 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4183 if (!display_is_local(display))
4186 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4188 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4192 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4193 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4202 const char **username,
4203 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4205 const char **shell) {
4213 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4214 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4216 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4234 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4238 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4239 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4240 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4241 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4242 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4244 *username = p->pw_name;
4247 p = getpwnam(*username);
4251 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4263 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4268 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4273 return strdup("root");
4277 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4279 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4285 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4290 return strdup("root");
4294 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4296 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4302 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4308 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4309 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4311 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4312 *groupname = "root";
4320 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4325 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4328 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4332 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4340 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4342 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4344 if (getgid() == gid)
4347 if (getegid() == gid)
4350 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4351 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4353 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4355 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4359 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4366 int in_group(const char *name) {
4370 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4377 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4378 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4384 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4386 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4388 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4391 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4393 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4396 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4397 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4402 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4404 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4406 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4408 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4409 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4411 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4412 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4420 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4426 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4429 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4433 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4434 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4435 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4436 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4437 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4438 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4439 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4445 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4447 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4450 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4454 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4455 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4461 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4462 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4463 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4464 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4468 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4469 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4478 union dirent_storage buf;
4481 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4488 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4490 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4494 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4495 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4498 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4509 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4515 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4529 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4534 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4558 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4572 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4573 static __thread int cached = 0;
4575 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4576 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4581 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4588 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4589 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4592 r = access(p, F_OK);
4600 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4601 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4604 r = access(p, F_OK);
4610 /* Get parent dev_t */
4611 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4614 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4620 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4626 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4627 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4630 r = access(p, F_OK);
4634 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4641 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4646 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4650 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4651 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4654 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4655 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4656 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4657 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4658 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4661 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4663 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4664 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4665 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4666 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4667 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4668 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4669 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4672 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4674 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4675 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4676 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4677 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4678 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4679 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4680 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4681 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4682 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4683 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4684 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4685 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4686 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4687 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4688 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4691 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4692 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4693 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4694 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4697 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4699 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4700 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4701 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4702 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4704 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4705 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4706 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4707 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4710 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4712 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4713 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4714 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4715 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4716 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4720 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4722 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4723 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4724 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4725 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4726 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4727 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4728 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4729 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4730 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4731 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4732 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4733 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4734 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4735 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4736 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4737 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4738 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4741 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4743 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4744 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4745 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4746 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4747 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4750 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4752 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4769 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4780 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4782 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4788 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4790 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4791 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4794 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4798 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4799 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4801 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4806 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4811 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4815 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4819 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4820 signo = (int) u + offset;
4821 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4827 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4828 bool loaded = false;
4831 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4839 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4857 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4859 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4868 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4875 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4878 static const struct {
4882 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4883 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4884 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4885 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4886 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4890 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4892 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4895 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4896 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4903 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4911 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4924 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4926 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4928 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4930 l == sizeof(value) &&
4931 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4935 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4942 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4944 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4946 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4948 l == sizeof(value) &&
4949 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4953 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4960 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4961 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4963 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4971 parent_pid = getpid();
4973 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4980 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4987 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4988 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4989 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4991 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4992 * to set the death signal */
4993 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4994 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4996 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4997 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4999 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5000 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5002 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5003 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5004 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5005 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5006 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5007 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5008 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5009 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5010 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5012 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5013 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5017 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5020 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5026 /* Count arguments */
5028 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5033 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5035 /* Fill in arguments */
5037 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5038 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5042 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5045 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5046 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5050 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5056 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5057 * to get as close as we can */
5058 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5060 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5061 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5063 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5069 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5070 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5082 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5084 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5086 f = fopen(path, "re");
5094 char line[LINE_MAX];
5097 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5101 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5111 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5112 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5126 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5129 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5132 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5135 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5138 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5141 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5147 bool in_initrd(void) {
5148 static __thread int saved = -1;
5154 /* We make two checks here:
5156 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5157 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5159 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5160 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5161 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5164 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5165 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5166 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5171 void warn_melody(void) {
5172 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5174 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5178 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5180 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5181 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5183 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5184 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5186 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5187 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5189 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5192 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5195 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5197 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5199 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5205 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5212 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5220 /* Take the user specified one */
5231 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5234 h = strdup("/root");
5242 /* Check the database... */
5246 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5248 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5251 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5259 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5273 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5279 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5284 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5285 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5288 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5296 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5297 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5299 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5304 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5305 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5311 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5316 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5319 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5322 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5323 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5326 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5332 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5333 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5334 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5343 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5344 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5347 else if (comparison > 0)
5355 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5357 static int cached_answer = -1;
5359 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5362 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5363 cached_answer = true;
5367 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5369 cached_answer = true;
5373 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5374 cached_answer = true;
5378 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5379 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5380 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5382 cached_answer = true;
5386 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5390 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5391 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5395 return (bool) cached_answer;
5398 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5399 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5401 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5402 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5403 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5404 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5405 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5406 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5408 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5409 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5410 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5411 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5412 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5413 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5414 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5418 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5421 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5424 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5430 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5431 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5444 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5450 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5451 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5459 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5471 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5472 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5477 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5479 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5485 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5487 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5489 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5493 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5498 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5500 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5501 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5502 else if (*i == '\t')
5509 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5512 } else if (*i == '[') {
5513 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5518 state = STATE_OTHER;
5525 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5526 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5529 state = STATE_OTHER;
5531 } else if (*i == 'm')
5532 state = STATE_OTHER;
5554 int on_ac_power(void) {
5555 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5556 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5558 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5564 union dirent_storage buf;
5565 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5570 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5577 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5580 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5582 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5588 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5590 if (errno == ENOENT)
5596 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5600 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5603 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5604 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5606 if (errno == ENOENT)
5612 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5616 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5619 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5620 found_online = true;
5622 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5623 found_offline = true;
5628 return found_online || !found_offline;
5631 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5638 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5641 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5642 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5645 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5655 if (errno != ENOENT)
5662 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5663 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5669 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5672 f = fopen(path, mode);
5681 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5685 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5688 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5689 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5691 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5694 f = fopen(path, mode);
5703 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5707 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5710 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5712 char *d = NULL, *dt;
5716 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5717 d = mkdtemp(template);
5720 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5724 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5730 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5731 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5734 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5738 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5740 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5742 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5746 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5760 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5767 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5774 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5779 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5788 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5798 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5812 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5820 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5824 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5831 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5835 if (*allocated >= need)
5838 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5848 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5854 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5856 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5859 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5860 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5861 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5865 } else if (l == 36) {
5867 /* Formatted UUID */
5869 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5872 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5876 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5877 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5878 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5889 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5894 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5903 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5918 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5922 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5934 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5935 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
5940 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5943 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5946 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
5947 if (l == 23 && memcmp(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
5953 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5956 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5961 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);