1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
158 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
162 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
165 int close_nointr(int fd) {
172 else if (errno == EINTR)
174 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
175 * thing to do on Linux.
177 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
178 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
179 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
180 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
187 int safe_close(int fd) {
190 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
191 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
192 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
194 * fd = safe_close(fd);
200 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
201 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
202 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
203 * the fd was invalid at all... */
205 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
211 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
214 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
216 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
220 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
231 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
234 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
236 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
242 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
243 unsigned long ul = 0;
250 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
256 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
266 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
267 unsigned long ul = 0;
274 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
280 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
287 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
295 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
297 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
298 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
300 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
303 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
307 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
315 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
317 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
318 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
320 if ((long) (int) l != l)
327 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
329 unsigned long long l;
335 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
337 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
338 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
344 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
352 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
354 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
355 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
361 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
368 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
373 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
374 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
380 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
381 bool escaped = false;
384 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
387 else if (s[n] == '\\')
389 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
395 /* Split a string into words. */
396 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted, char **state) {
399 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
401 if (!*current || *c == 0)
404 current += strspn(current, separator);
408 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
409 char quotechar = *(current++);
410 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, (char[]){quotechar, '\0'});
411 *state = current+*l+1;
413 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
416 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
420 return (char*) current;
423 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
425 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
437 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
438 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
442 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
443 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
444 * skip over it manually */
446 p = strrchr(line, ')');
458 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
461 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
466 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
468 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
474 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
475 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
479 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
480 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
481 * skip over it manually */
483 p = strrchr(line, ')');
505 "%*d " /* priority */
507 "%*d " /* num_threads */
508 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
509 "%llu " /* starttime */,
516 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
521 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
527 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
530 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
534 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
538 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
542 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
543 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
547 p = strrchr(line, ')');
553 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
556 return (unsigned char) state;
559 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
566 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
568 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
575 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
576 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
584 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
590 if (max_length == 0) {
591 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
593 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
595 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
600 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
610 r = new(char, max_length);
616 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
638 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
645 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
646 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
647 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
655 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
659 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
668 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
680 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
685 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
689 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
692 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
697 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
703 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
705 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
708 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
716 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
718 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
720 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
722 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
729 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
730 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
740 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
745 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
750 if (startswith(l, field)) {
752 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
754 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
756 return parse_uid(l, uid);
763 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
764 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
767 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
768 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
769 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
772 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
780 return strndup(suffix, b);
789 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
792 r = new(char, a+b+1);
797 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
803 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
804 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
807 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
822 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
829 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
840 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
841 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
844 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
845 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
852 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
856 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
864 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
871 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
875 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
882 path_kill_slashes(*r);
887 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
890 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
891 struct sigaction sa = {
892 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
893 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
896 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
899 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
900 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
901 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
909 char *strstrip(char *s) {
912 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
913 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
915 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
917 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
918 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
926 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
929 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
931 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
943 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
950 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
951 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
954 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
955 return strdup(filename);
957 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
958 return strdup(filename);
960 k = strlen(filename);
961 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
964 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
965 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
970 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
979 /* Skip trailing slashes */
980 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
986 /* Skip last component */
987 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
990 /* Skip trailing slashes */
991 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
997 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1000 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1009 if (errno != ENOENT)
1016 char hexchar(int x) {
1017 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1019 return table[x & 15];
1022 int unhexchar(char c) {
1024 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1027 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1028 return c - 'a' + 10;
1030 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1031 return c - 'A' + 10;
1036 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1040 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1044 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1045 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1046 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1053 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1059 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1063 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1066 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1068 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1072 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1079 char octchar(int x) {
1080 return '0' + (x & 7);
1083 int unoctchar(char c) {
1085 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1091 char decchar(int x) {
1092 return '0' + (x % 10);
1095 int undecchar(char c) {
1097 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1103 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1109 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1111 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1115 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1161 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1162 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1163 * g_strescape() does the same */
1164 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1166 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1167 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1168 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1179 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1186 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1188 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1190 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1195 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1197 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1240 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1245 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1248 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1249 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1251 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1252 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1256 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1271 /* octal encoding */
1274 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1275 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1276 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1278 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1279 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1283 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1291 /* premature end of string.*/
1296 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1308 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1309 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1312 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1315 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1318 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1322 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1323 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1326 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1330 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1332 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1333 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1336 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1337 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1347 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1352 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1353 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1354 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1359 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1363 filename[0] == '.' ||
1364 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1365 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1366 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1367 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1368 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1369 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1370 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1371 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1372 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1375 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1378 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1381 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1384 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1389 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1394 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1396 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1398 if (nflags == flags)
1401 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1407 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1412 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1417 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1419 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1421 if (nflags == flags)
1424 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1430 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1433 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1435 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1442 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1447 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1449 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1454 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1455 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1458 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1459 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1461 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1464 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1465 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1472 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1475 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1478 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1479 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1488 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1491 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1492 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1493 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1502 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1505 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1506 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1513 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1514 static const char table[] =
1527 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1531 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1535 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1537 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1543 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1547 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1550 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1553 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1559 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1560 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1562 char line[LINE_MAX];
1567 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1568 new_termios = old_termios;
1570 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1571 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1572 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1574 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1577 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1578 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1579 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1584 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1586 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1592 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1599 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1600 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1603 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1608 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1618 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1628 bool need_nl = true;
1631 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1638 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1642 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1645 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1646 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1657 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1662 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1666 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1667 struct termios termios;
1670 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1674 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1675 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1676 * interfere with that. */
1678 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1679 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1681 /* Switch to text mode */
1683 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1685 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1686 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1688 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1693 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1694 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1695 * else will do that for us */
1697 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1698 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1699 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1700 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1701 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1703 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1704 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1705 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1706 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1707 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1708 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1709 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1710 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1711 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1712 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1713 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1714 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1715 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1717 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1718 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1720 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1724 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1725 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1730 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1731 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1733 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1737 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1740 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1745 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1746 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1747 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1748 * retrying a couple of times.
1750 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1753 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1756 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1763 /* Max 1s in total */
1767 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1788 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1789 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1799 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1809 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1815 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1824 int acquire_terminal(
1828 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1831 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1836 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1837 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1838 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1840 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1841 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1842 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1843 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1844 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1845 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1846 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1847 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1849 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1850 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1852 if (!fail && !force) {
1853 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1859 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1867 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1868 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1869 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1873 r = flush_fd(notify);
1878 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1879 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1880 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1881 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1885 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1886 * if we already own the tty. */
1887 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1889 /* First, try to get the tty */
1890 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1893 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1895 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1896 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1897 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1898 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1901 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1910 assert(notify >= 0);
1913 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1915 struct inotify_event *e;
1917 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1920 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1921 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1926 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
1936 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
1939 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
1946 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
1951 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
1956 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
1957 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
1959 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
1966 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
1967 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
1968 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
1969 * an endless loop. */
1975 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1977 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
1988 int release_terminal(void) {
1990 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1991 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1992 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1994 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1996 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2000 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2001 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2002 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2004 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2007 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2012 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2017 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2018 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2025 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2026 struct sigaction sa = {
2027 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2028 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2033 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2037 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2038 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2045 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2046 struct sigaction sa = {
2047 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2048 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2053 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2057 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2058 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2065 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2069 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2071 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2075 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2076 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2079 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2086 while (nbytes > 0) {
2089 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2090 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2093 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2095 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2096 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2099 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, (usec_t) -1);
2104 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2114 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2115 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2121 while (nbytes > 0) {
2124 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2125 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2128 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2130 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2131 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2134 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, (usec_t) -1);
2139 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2149 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2151 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2152 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2153 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2154 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2155 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2156 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2157 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2159 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2160 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2161 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2162 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2167 unsigned long long factor;
2170 static const struct table iec[] = {
2171 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2172 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2173 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2174 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2175 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2181 static const struct table si[] = {
2182 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2183 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2184 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2185 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2186 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2192 const struct table *table;
2194 unsigned long long r = 0;
2195 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2198 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2203 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2206 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2212 unsigned long long l2;
2218 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2231 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2234 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2235 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2237 if (errno == ERANGE)
2240 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2247 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2249 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2250 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2251 unsigned long long tmp;
2252 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2254 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2255 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2259 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2262 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2278 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2283 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2284 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2285 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2290 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2293 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2298 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2301 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2305 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2308 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2310 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2311 * sysfs or in /dev */
2314 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2315 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2318 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2319 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2330 if (!de && errno != 0)
2336 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2341 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2342 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2359 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2360 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2363 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2365 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2367 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2370 if ((size_t) k != n)
2376 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2377 static bool srand_called = false;
2381 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2385 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2386 * get a PRNG instead. */
2388 if (!srand_called) {
2391 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2392 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2393 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2394 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2399 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2401 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2404 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2405 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2408 srand_called = true;
2411 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2415 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2418 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2419 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2420 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2421 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2422 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2423 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2426 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2428 if (program_invocation_name)
2429 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2431 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2435 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2437 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2441 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2446 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2453 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2454 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2458 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2463 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2466 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2467 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2470 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2476 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2479 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2481 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2482 return strdup(u.nodename);
2484 return strdup(u.sysname);
2487 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2490 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2492 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2495 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2498 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2499 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2501 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2503 return strdup("root");
2505 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2509 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2513 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2514 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2516 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2522 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2526 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2531 return lookup_uid(uid);
2534 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2541 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2544 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2545 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2550 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2556 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2564 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2568 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2572 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2574 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2581 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2583 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2585 unsigned long ttynr;
2589 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2590 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2594 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2604 "%*d " /* session */
2609 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2618 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2619 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2620 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2627 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2631 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2633 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2639 /* This is an ugly hack */
2640 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2641 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2645 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2646 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2647 * vaguely useful. */
2653 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2655 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2673 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2679 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2680 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2686 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2691 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2697 if (!de && errno != 0) {
2706 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2709 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2711 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2712 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2713 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2718 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2721 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2722 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2724 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2725 keep_around = false;
2731 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2732 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2735 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2736 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2737 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2738 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2743 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2744 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2748 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2749 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2753 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2755 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2756 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2767 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2770 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2771 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2774 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2779 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2784 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2785 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2787 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2788 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2793 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2796 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2802 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2803 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2804 * seriously broken system. */
2805 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2806 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2810 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2813 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2817 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2820 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2821 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2826 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2827 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2834 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2839 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2840 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2846 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2849 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2852 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2861 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2862 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2865 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2866 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2869 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2872 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2873 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2874 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2876 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2877 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2880 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2881 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2887 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2890 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2891 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2892 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2894 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2895 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2898 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2899 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2905 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2909 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2912 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2915 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2916 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2926 if (errno != EINVAL)
2933 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2934 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2935 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2936 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2937 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2939 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2943 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2944 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2946 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2949 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2962 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2968 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2976 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2977 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2980 if (!isempty(status)) {
2981 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2982 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2983 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2985 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2988 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2990 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2992 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
2998 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3004 va_start(ap, format);
3005 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3011 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3018 const char *e, *word = format;
3023 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3034 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3043 } else if (*e == '$') {
3044 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3060 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3062 k = strappend(r, t);
3076 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3087 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3089 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3091 l = strv_length(argv);
3093 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3096 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3098 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3099 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3104 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3107 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3118 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3127 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3135 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3136 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3146 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3147 struct winsize ws = {};
3149 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3158 unsigned columns(void) {
3162 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3163 return cached_columns;
3166 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3171 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3180 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3181 struct winsize ws = {};
3183 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3192 unsigned lines(void) {
3196 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3197 return cached_lines;
3200 e = getenv("LINES");
3205 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3211 return cached_lines;
3214 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3215 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3221 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3223 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3224 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3226 return cached_on_tty;
3229 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3232 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3235 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3238 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3239 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3242 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3245 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3252 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3257 assert(percent <= 100);
3258 assert(new_length >= 3);
3260 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3261 return strndup(s, old_length);
3263 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3267 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3269 if (x > new_length - 3)
3277 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3278 new_length - x - 3);
3283 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3287 unsigned k, len, len2;
3290 assert(percent <= 100);
3291 assert(new_length >= 3);
3293 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3294 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3295 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3297 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3298 return strndup(s, old_length);
3300 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3302 if (x > new_length - 3)
3306 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3309 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3312 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3315 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3318 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3321 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3322 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3325 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3329 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3331 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3333 /* make space for ellipsis */
3334 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3337 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3338 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3343 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3344 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3348 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3352 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3357 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3358 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3361 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3362 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3368 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3370 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3375 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3380 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3381 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3386 if (stamp != (usec_t) -1) {
3387 struct timespec ts[2];
3389 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3391 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3393 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3400 int touch(const char *path) {
3401 return touch_file(path, false, (usec_t) -1, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3404 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3408 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3409 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3410 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3417 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3418 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3423 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3424 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3427 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3439 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3443 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3451 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3455 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3461 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3472 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3484 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3491 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3493 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3497 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3498 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3499 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3500 return status.si_status;
3503 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3506 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3507 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3509 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3513 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3517 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3519 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3520 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3528 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3531 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3534 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3540 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3545 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3548 return null_or_empty(&st);
3551 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3555 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3557 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3570 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3574 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3576 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3577 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3582 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3583 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3586 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3590 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3591 t = new(char, enc_len);
3595 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3598 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3601 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3604 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3605 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3607 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3608 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3610 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3611 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3613 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3614 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3619 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3622 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3625 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3628 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3631 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3634 return streq(tty, "console");
3637 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3642 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3645 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3648 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3651 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3655 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3661 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3664 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3665 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3667 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3670 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3673 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3674 * /dev/console points to */
3675 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3681 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3684 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3685 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3687 tty = *active = tmp;
3694 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3695 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3699 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3702 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3703 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3708 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3711 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3714 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3717 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3720 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3723 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3724 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3725 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3731 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3734 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3735 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3736 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3739 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3742 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3745 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3751 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3752 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3754 executor_pid = fork();
3755 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3756 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3759 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3760 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3761 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3765 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3766 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3769 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3771 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3772 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3774 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3777 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3779 if (errno == ENOENT)
3780 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3782 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3783 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3787 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3790 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3793 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3794 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3797 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3800 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3802 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3807 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3809 } else if (pid == 0) {
3812 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3822 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3823 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3827 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3829 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3832 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3838 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3839 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3840 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3842 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
3843 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3845 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3846 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3849 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3852 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3855 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3858 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3861 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3864 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3867 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3875 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3881 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3882 if (streq(i, needle))
3888 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3889 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3892 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3901 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3903 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3904 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3905 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3911 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3918 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3925 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3935 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3941 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3945 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3952 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3953 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3964 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3969 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3970 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3972 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3977 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3984 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3987 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3989 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3997 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4004 return pollfd.revents;
4007 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4018 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4022 fn = basename(path);
4026 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4028 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4034 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4047 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4050 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4056 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4057 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4059 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4063 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4066 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4070 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4071 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4072 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4074 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4077 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4078 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4079 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4081 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4086 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4087 "\033[H" /* move home */
4088 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4095 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4098 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4105 /* Try to deallocate */
4106 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4110 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4119 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4121 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4126 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4127 "\033[H" /* move home */
4128 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4135 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4137 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4147 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4155 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4158 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4159 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
4165 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4168 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4177 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4181 display[0] == ':' &&
4182 display[1] >= '0' &&
4186 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4193 if (!display_is_local(display))
4196 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4198 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4202 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4203 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4212 const char **username,
4213 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4215 const char **shell) {
4223 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4224 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4226 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4244 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4248 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4249 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4250 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4251 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4252 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4254 *username = p->pw_name;
4257 p = getpwnam(*username);
4261 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4273 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4278 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4283 return strdup("root");
4287 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4289 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4295 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4300 return strdup("root");
4304 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4306 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4312 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4318 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4319 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4321 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4322 *groupname = "root";
4330 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4335 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4338 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4342 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4350 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4352 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4354 if (getgid() == gid)
4357 if (getegid() == gid)
4360 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4361 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4363 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4365 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4369 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4376 int in_group(const char *name) {
4380 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4387 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4388 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4394 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4396 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4398 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4401 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4403 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4406 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4407 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4412 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4414 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4416 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4418 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4419 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4421 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4422 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4430 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4436 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4439 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4443 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4444 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4445 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4446 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4447 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4448 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4449 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4455 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4457 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4460 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4464 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4465 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4471 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4472 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4473 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4474 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4478 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4479 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4491 if (!de && errno != 0)
4496 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4498 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4502 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4503 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4506 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4517 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4523 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4537 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4542 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4566 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4580 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4581 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4583 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4584 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4589 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4596 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4597 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4600 r = access(p, F_OK);
4608 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4609 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4612 r = access(p, F_OK);
4618 /* Get parent dev_t */
4619 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4622 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4628 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4634 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4635 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4638 r = access(p, F_OK);
4642 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4649 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4654 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4658 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4659 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4662 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4663 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4664 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4665 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4666 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4669 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4671 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4672 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4673 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4674 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4675 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4676 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4677 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4680 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4682 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4683 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4684 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4685 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4686 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4687 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4688 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4689 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4691 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4692 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4693 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4694 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4695 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4696 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4697 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4698 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4699 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4700 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4701 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4702 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4705 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4707 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4708 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4709 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4710 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4712 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4713 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4714 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4715 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4718 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4720 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4721 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4722 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4723 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4724 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4728 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4730 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4731 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4732 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4733 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4734 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4735 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4736 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4737 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4738 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4739 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4740 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4741 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4742 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4743 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4744 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4745 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4746 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4749 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4751 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4752 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4753 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4754 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4755 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4758 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4760 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4777 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4788 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4790 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4796 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4798 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4799 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4802 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4806 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4807 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4809 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4814 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4819 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4823 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4827 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4828 signo = (int) u + offset;
4829 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4835 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4836 bool loaded = false;
4839 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4847 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4865 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4867 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4876 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4883 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4886 static const struct {
4890 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4891 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4892 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4893 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4894 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4898 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4900 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4903 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4904 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4911 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4919 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4932 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4934 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4936 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4937 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4940 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4943 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4944 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4950 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4952 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4954 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4955 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
4958 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
4961 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4962 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
4967 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4968 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4970 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4978 parent_pid = getpid();
4980 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4987 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4994 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4995 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4996 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4998 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4999 * to set the death signal */
5000 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5001 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5003 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5004 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5006 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5007 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5009 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5010 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5011 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5012 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5013 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5014 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5015 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5016 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5017 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5019 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5020 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5024 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5027 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5033 /* Count arguments */
5035 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5040 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5042 /* Fill in arguments */
5044 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5045 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5049 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5052 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5053 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5057 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5063 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5064 * to get as close as we can */
5065 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5067 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5068 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5070 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5076 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5077 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5088 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5090 f = fopen(path, "re");
5098 char line[LINE_MAX];
5101 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5105 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5115 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5116 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5130 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5133 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5136 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5139 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5142 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5145 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5151 bool in_initrd(void) {
5152 static int saved = -1;
5158 /* We make two checks here:
5160 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5161 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5163 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5164 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5165 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5168 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5169 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5170 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5175 void warn_melody(void) {
5176 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5178 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5182 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5184 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5185 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5187 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5188 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5190 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5191 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5193 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5196 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5199 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5201 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5203 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5209 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5216 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5224 /* Take the user specified one */
5235 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5238 h = strdup("/root");
5246 /* Check the database... */
5250 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5252 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5255 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5263 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5271 /* Take the user specified one */
5272 e = getenv("SHELL");
5282 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5285 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5293 /* Check the database... */
5297 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5299 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5302 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5310 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5324 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5330 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5335 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5336 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5339 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5347 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5348 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5350 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5355 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5356 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5362 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5367 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5370 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5373 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5374 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5377 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5383 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5384 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5385 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5394 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5395 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5398 else if (comparison > 0)
5406 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5408 static int cached_answer = -1;
5410 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5413 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5414 cached_answer = true;
5418 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5420 cached_answer = true;
5424 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5425 cached_answer = true;
5429 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5430 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5431 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5433 cached_answer = true;
5437 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5441 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5442 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5446 return (bool) cached_answer;
5449 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5450 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5453 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5454 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5455 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5456 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5457 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5458 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5459 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5460 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5463 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5464 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5465 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5466 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5467 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5468 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5469 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5470 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5475 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5478 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5481 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5487 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5488 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5501 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5507 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5508 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5516 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5528 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5529 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5534 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5536 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5542 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5544 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5546 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5550 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5555 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5557 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5558 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5559 else if (*i == '\t')
5566 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5569 } else if (*i == '[') {
5570 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5575 state = STATE_OTHER;
5582 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5583 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5586 state = STATE_OTHER;
5588 } else if (*i == 'm')
5589 state = STATE_OTHER;
5611 int on_ac_power(void) {
5612 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5613 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5615 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5621 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5627 if (!de && errno != 0)
5633 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5636 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5638 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5644 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5646 if (errno == ENOENT)
5652 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5656 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5660 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5662 if (errno == ENOENT)
5668 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5672 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5675 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5676 found_online = true;
5678 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5679 found_offline = true;
5684 return found_online || !found_offline;
5687 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5694 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_absolute_uniq(search, root))
5697 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5698 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5701 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5711 if (errno != ENOENT)
5718 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5719 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5725 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5728 f = fopen(path, mode);
5737 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5741 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5744 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5745 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5747 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5750 f = fopen(path, mode);
5759 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5763 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5766 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5773 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5780 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5785 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5794 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5804 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5818 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5826 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5830 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5837 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5844 if (*allocated >= need)
5847 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5848 a = newalloc * size;
5850 /* check for overflows */
5851 if (a < size * need)
5859 *allocated = newalloc;
5863 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5872 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
5876 if (*allocated > prev)
5877 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
5882 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5888 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5890 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5893 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5894 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5895 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5899 } else if (l == 36) {
5901 /* Formatted UUID */
5903 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5906 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5910 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5911 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5912 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5923 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5938 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5942 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5954 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5955 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
5960 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
5963 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
5968 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
5976 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
5980 k = parse_boolean(e);
5988 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
5991 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
5992 char *buf = NULL, *p;
5995 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
5999 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6008 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6015 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6016 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6023 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6025 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6029 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6030 char word[l+1], *value;
6035 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6037 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6040 value = strchr(word, '=');
6044 r = parse_item(word, value);
6052 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6053 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6061 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6062 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6070 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6073 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6083 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6084 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6092 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6093 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6101 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6102 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6110 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6111 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6119 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6120 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6126 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6129 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6132 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6137 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6142 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6145 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6149 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6153 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6157 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6160 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6164 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6167 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6170 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6176 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6177 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6182 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6185 return errno != ESRCH;
6188 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6191 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6196 r = get_process_state(pid);
6197 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6203 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6204 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6211 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6215 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6218 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6219 * to namespacing issues */
6227 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6239 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6243 if (errno != ERANGE)
6250 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6266 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6267 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6268 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6275 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6282 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6289 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6290 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6295 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6296 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6298 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6306 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6309 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6312 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6313 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6315 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6316 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6318 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6319 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6324 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6326 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6327 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6328 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6329 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6330 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6331 * used by libseccomp. */
6333 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6335 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6338 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6341 #elif defined(__i386__)
6343 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6347 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6348 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6349 * as error indicator. */
6350 return 0xffffffffUL;
6353 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6355 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6357 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6363 #elif defined(__i386__)
6372 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6375 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6376 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6378 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6381 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6384 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6386 struct mntent me = {
6387 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6392 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6398 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6401 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6402 const uint8_t *b = p;
6405 assert(s == 0 || b);
6410 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6412 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6417 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6425 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6430 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6444 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6449 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6451 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6452 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6454 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6459 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6463 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6464 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6465 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6468 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6473 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6474 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6478 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6481 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6482 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6483 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6484 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6485 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6486 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6487 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6488 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6489 "- " /* (8) separator */
6490 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6491 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6492 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6493 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6502 p = cunescape(path);
6506 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6509 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6525 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6526 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6527 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6530 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6531 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6532 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6533 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6534 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6535 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6536 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6537 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6538 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6539 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6540 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6541 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6542 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6544 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6548 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6550 done = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6555 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6556 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6557 bool top_autofs = false;
6560 todo = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6564 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6565 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6569 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6572 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6573 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6574 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6575 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6576 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6577 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6578 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6579 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6580 "- " /* (8) separator */
6581 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6582 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6583 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6584 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6594 p = cunescape(path);
6598 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6599 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6600 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6601 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6602 * already triggered, then we will find
6603 * another entry for this. */
6604 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6605 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6609 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6610 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6612 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6622 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6623 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6625 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6626 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6629 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6630 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6631 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6632 * mount, make it one. */
6633 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6636 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6639 x = strdup(cleaned);
6643 r = set_consume(done, x);
6648 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6650 r = set_consume(done, x);
6656 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6658 /* Deal with mount points that are
6659 * obstructed by a later mount */
6661 if (errno != ENOENT)