1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
178 char * buf_old = buf;
224 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
225 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
226 * g_strescape() does the same */
227 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
229 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
230 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
231 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
237 return buf - buf_old;
240 int close_nointr(int fd) {
247 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
250 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
251 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
252 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
253 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
261 int safe_close(int fd) {
264 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
265 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
266 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
268 * fd = safe_close(fd);
274 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
275 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
276 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
277 * the fd was invalid at all... */
279 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
285 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
288 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
290 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
294 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
305 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
308 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
310 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
316 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
317 unsigned long ul = 0;
324 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
330 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
340 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
341 unsigned long ul = 0;
348 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
354 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
357 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
358 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
361 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
362 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
369 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
377 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
379 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
380 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
382 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
385 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
389 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
397 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
399 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
400 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
402 if ((long) (int) l != l)
409 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
417 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
419 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
420 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
422 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
429 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
437 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
439 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
440 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
442 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
449 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
457 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
459 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
460 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
462 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
469 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
471 unsigned long long l;
477 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
479 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
480 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
486 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
494 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
496 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
497 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
503 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
510 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
515 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
516 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
522 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
523 bool escaped = false;
526 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
529 else if (s[n] == '\\')
531 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
534 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
538 /* Split a string into words. */
539 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
545 assert(**state == '\0');
549 current += strspn(current, separator);
555 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
556 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
558 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
559 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
560 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
561 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
565 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
566 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
568 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
569 *state = current + *l;
571 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
572 *state = current + *l;
578 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
580 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
592 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
593 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
597 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
598 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
599 * skip over it manually */
601 p = strrchr(line, ')');
613 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
616 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
621 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
626 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
632 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
635 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
639 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
643 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
647 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
648 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
652 p = strrchr(line, ')');
658 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
661 return (unsigned char) state;
664 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
671 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
673 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
680 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
681 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
689 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
695 if (max_length == 0) {
696 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
698 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
700 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
705 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
715 r = new(char, max_length);
721 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
743 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
750 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
752 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
760 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
764 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
773 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
785 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
790 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
794 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
797 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
802 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
808 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
810 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
813 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
819 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
821 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
826 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
833 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
834 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
838 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
845 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
846 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
856 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
861 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
866 if (startswith(l, field)) {
868 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
870 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
872 return parse_uid(l, uid);
879 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
880 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
883 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
884 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
885 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
888 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
893 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
895 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
898 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
903 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
905 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
908 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
909 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
910 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
913 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
918 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
924 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
925 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
929 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
931 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
941 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
949 return strndup(suffix, b);
958 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
961 r = new(char, a+b+1);
966 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
972 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
973 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
976 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
991 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
998 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1009 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1010 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1013 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1014 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1018 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1022 value = basename(link);
1026 value = strdup(value);
1035 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1036 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1043 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1047 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1055 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1062 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1066 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1073 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1078 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1081 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1082 struct sigaction sa = {
1083 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1084 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1087 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1088 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1091 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1092 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1093 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1094 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1101 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1104 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1107 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1113 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1116 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1117 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1119 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1121 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1122 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1130 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1133 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1135 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1136 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1147 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1154 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1155 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1158 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1159 return strdup(filename);
1161 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1162 return strdup(filename);
1164 k = strlen(filename);
1165 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1168 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1169 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1174 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1183 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1184 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1190 /* Skip last component */
1191 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1194 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1195 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1201 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1204 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1213 if (errno != ENOENT)
1220 char hexchar(int x) {
1221 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1223 return table[x & 15];
1226 int unhexchar(char c) {
1228 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1231 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1232 return c - 'a' + 10;
1234 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1235 return c - 'A' + 10;
1240 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1244 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1248 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1249 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1250 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1257 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1263 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1267 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1270 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1272 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1276 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1283 char octchar(int x) {
1284 return '0' + (x & 7);
1287 int unoctchar(char c) {
1289 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1295 char decchar(int x) {
1296 return '0' + (x % 10);
1299 int undecchar(char c) {
1301 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1307 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1313 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1315 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1319 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1320 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1327 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1334 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1336 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1338 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1343 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1345 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1388 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1393 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1396 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1397 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1399 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1400 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1404 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1419 /* octal encoding */
1422 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1423 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1424 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1426 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1427 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1431 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1439 /* premature end of string.*/
1444 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1456 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1457 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1460 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1463 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1466 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1470 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1471 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1474 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1478 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1480 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1481 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1484 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1485 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1495 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1500 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1501 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1502 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1507 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1511 filename[0] == '.' ||
1512 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1513 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1514 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1515 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1516 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1517 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1518 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1519 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1520 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1521 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1524 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1527 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1530 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1533 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1538 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1543 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1545 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1547 if (nflags == flags)
1550 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1556 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1561 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1566 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1568 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1570 if (nflags == flags)
1573 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1579 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1582 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1584 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1591 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1592 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1596 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1598 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1603 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1604 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1607 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1608 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1610 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1613 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1614 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1621 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1624 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1627 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1628 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1637 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1640 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1641 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1642 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1650 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1653 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1654 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1661 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1662 static const char table[] =
1676 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1680 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1684 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1686 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1692 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1696 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1699 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1702 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1708 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1709 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1710 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1715 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1716 new_termios = old_termios;
1718 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1719 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1720 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1722 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1725 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1726 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1727 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1732 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1734 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1740 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1747 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1748 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1753 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1754 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1758 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1768 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1778 bool need_nl = true;
1781 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1788 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1792 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1795 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1796 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1807 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1812 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1816 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1821 char line[LINE_MAX];
1825 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1832 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1837 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1838 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1840 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1859 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1860 struct termios termios;
1863 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1867 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1868 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1869 * interfere with that. */
1871 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1872 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1874 /* Switch to text mode */
1876 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1878 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1879 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1881 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1886 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1887 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1888 * else will do that for us */
1890 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1891 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1892 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1893 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1894 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1896 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1897 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1898 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1899 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1900 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1901 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1902 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1903 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1904 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1905 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1906 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1907 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1908 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1910 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1911 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1913 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1917 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1918 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1923 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1924 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1926 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1930 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1933 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1938 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1939 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1940 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1941 * retrying a couple of times.
1943 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1946 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1949 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1956 /* Max 1s in total */
1960 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1978 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1979 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1989 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1999 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2005 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2014 int acquire_terminal(
2018 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2021 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2026 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2027 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2028 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2030 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2031 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2032 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2033 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2034 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2035 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2036 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2037 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2039 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2040 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2042 if (!fail && !force) {
2043 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2049 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2057 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2058 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2059 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2063 r = flush_fd(notify);
2068 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2069 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2070 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2071 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2075 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2076 * if we already own the tty. */
2077 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2079 /* First, try to get the tty */
2080 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2083 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2085 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2086 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2087 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2088 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2091 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2100 assert(notify >= 0);
2103 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2105 struct inotify_event *e;
2107 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2110 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2111 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2116 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2126 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2129 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2136 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2141 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2146 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2147 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2149 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2156 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2157 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2158 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2159 * an endless loop. */
2160 fd = safe_close(fd);
2165 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2167 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2178 int release_terminal(void) {
2179 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2180 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2181 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2184 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2185 struct sigaction sa_old;
2188 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2192 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2193 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2194 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2196 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2199 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2204 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2209 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2210 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2217 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2218 struct sigaction sa = {
2219 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2220 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2225 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2229 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2230 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2237 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2238 struct sigaction sa = {
2239 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2240 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2245 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2249 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2250 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2257 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2261 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2263 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2267 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2268 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2271 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2278 while (nbytes > 0) {
2281 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2282 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2285 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2287 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2288 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2291 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2296 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2306 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2307 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2313 while (nbytes > 0) {
2316 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2317 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2320 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2322 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2323 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2326 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2331 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2341 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2343 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2344 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2345 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2346 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2347 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2348 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2349 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2351 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2352 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2353 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2354 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2359 unsigned long long factor;
2362 static const struct table iec[] = {
2363 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2364 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2365 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2366 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2367 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2373 static const struct table si[] = {
2374 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2375 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2376 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2377 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2378 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2384 const struct table *table;
2386 unsigned long long r = 0;
2387 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2390 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2395 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2398 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2404 unsigned long long l2;
2410 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2423 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2426 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2427 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2429 if (errno == ERANGE)
2432 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2439 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2441 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2442 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2443 unsigned long long tmp;
2444 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2446 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2447 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2451 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2454 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2470 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2475 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2476 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2477 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2482 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2485 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2490 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2493 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2497 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2500 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2502 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2503 * sysfs or in /dev */
2506 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2507 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2510 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2511 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2522 if (!de && errno != 0)
2528 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2533 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2534 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2551 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2552 static int have_syscall = -1;
2556 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2557 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2558 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2559 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2560 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2561 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2563 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2564 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2565 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2566 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2568 have_syscall = true;
2573 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2574 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2575 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2576 have_syscall = false;
2577 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2578 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2579 * remember to use the syscall the
2580 * next time, again, but also read
2581 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2582 * doesn't care about the current
2583 * amount of entropy. */
2584 have_syscall = true;
2588 /* too short read? */
2592 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2594 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2596 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2601 if ((size_t) k != n)
2607 void initialize_srand(void) {
2608 static bool srand_called = false;
2610 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2619 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2620 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2621 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2622 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2624 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2626 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2629 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2630 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2633 srand_called = true;
2636 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2640 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2644 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2645 * get a PRNG instead. */
2649 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2653 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2656 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2657 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2658 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2659 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2660 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2661 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2664 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2666 if (program_invocation_name)
2667 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2669 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2673 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2675 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2679 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2684 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2691 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2692 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2696 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2701 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2704 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2705 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2708 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2714 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2717 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2719 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2720 return strdup(u.nodename);
2722 return strdup(u.sysname);
2725 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2728 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2730 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2733 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2736 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2737 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2739 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2741 return strdup("root");
2743 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2747 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2751 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2752 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2754 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2760 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2764 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2769 return lookup_uid(uid);
2772 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2779 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2782 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2783 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2788 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2794 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2802 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2806 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2810 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2812 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2819 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2821 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2823 unsigned long ttynr;
2827 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2828 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2832 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2842 "%*d " /* session */
2847 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2856 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2857 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2858 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2865 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2869 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2871 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2877 /* This is an ugly hack */
2878 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2879 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2883 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2884 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2885 * vaguely useful. */
2891 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2893 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2911 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2912 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2917 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2918 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2924 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2929 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2936 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2941 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2944 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2946 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2947 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2948 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2953 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2956 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2957 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2959 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2960 keep_around = false;
2966 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2967 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2970 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2971 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2972 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2973 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2978 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2979 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2983 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2984 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2988 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2990 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2991 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2998 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3001 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3002 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3005 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3008 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3011 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3014 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3019 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3024 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3025 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3027 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3028 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3033 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3036 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3041 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3045 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3046 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3049 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3055 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3056 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3057 * seriously broken system. */
3058 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3059 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3063 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3066 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3070 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3073 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3074 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3079 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3080 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3087 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3092 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3093 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3099 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3102 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3105 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3114 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3115 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3118 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3119 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3122 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3125 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3126 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3127 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3129 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3130 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3133 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3134 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3140 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3143 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3144 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3145 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3147 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3148 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3151 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3152 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3158 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3162 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3165 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3168 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3169 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3179 if (errno != EINVAL)
3186 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3187 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3188 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3189 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3190 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3192 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3196 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3197 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3199 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3202 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3215 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3221 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3229 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3230 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3233 if (!isempty(status)) {
3234 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3235 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3236 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3238 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3241 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3243 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3245 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3251 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3257 va_start(ap, format);
3258 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3264 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3271 const char *e, *word = format;
3276 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3287 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3297 } else if (*e == '$') {
3298 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3315 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3317 k = strappend(r, t);
3331 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3343 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3345 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3347 l = strv_length(argv);
3349 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3353 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3355 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3356 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3361 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3365 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3377 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3387 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3395 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3396 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3408 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3409 struct winsize ws = {};
3411 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3420 unsigned columns(void) {
3424 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3425 return cached_columns;
3428 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3430 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3433 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3442 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3443 struct winsize ws = {};
3445 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3454 unsigned lines(void) {
3458 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3459 return cached_lines;
3462 e = getenv("LINES");
3464 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3467 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3473 return cached_lines;
3476 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3477 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3483 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3485 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3486 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3488 return cached_on_tty;
3491 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3494 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3497 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3500 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3501 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3504 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3507 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3514 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3519 assert(percent <= 100);
3520 assert(new_length >= 3);
3522 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3523 return strndup(s, old_length);
3525 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3529 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3531 if (x > new_length - 3)
3539 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3540 new_length - x - 3);
3545 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3549 unsigned k, len, len2;
3552 assert(percent <= 100);
3553 assert(new_length >= 3);
3555 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3556 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3557 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3559 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3560 return strndup(s, old_length);
3562 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3564 if (x > new_length - 3)
3568 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3571 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3574 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3577 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3580 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3583 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3584 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3587 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3591 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3593 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3595 /* make space for ellipsis */
3596 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3599 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3600 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3605 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3606 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3610 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3614 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3619 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3620 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3623 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3624 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3630 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3632 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3637 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3642 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3643 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3648 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3649 struct timespec ts[2];
3651 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3653 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3655 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3662 int touch(const char *path) {
3663 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3666 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3670 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3671 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3672 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3679 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3680 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3685 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3686 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3690 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3700 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3705 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3706 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3708 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3712 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3715 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3726 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3740 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3741 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3742 * failed for an unknown reason.
3743 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3746 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3747 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3749 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3750 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3752 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3759 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3761 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3763 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3764 if (status.si_status != 0)
3765 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3766 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3768 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3770 return status.si_status;
3771 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3772 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3774 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3778 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3782 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3784 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3785 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3793 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3796 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3799 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3805 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3810 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3813 return null_or_empty(&st);
3816 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3821 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3824 return null_or_empty(&st);
3827 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3831 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3833 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3846 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3850 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3852 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3853 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3858 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3859 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3862 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3866 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3867 t = new(char, enc_len);
3871 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3874 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3877 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3880 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3881 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3883 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3884 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3886 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3887 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3889 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3890 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3895 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3898 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3901 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3904 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3907 return streq(tty, "console");
3910 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3915 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3918 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3921 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3924 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3928 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3934 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3937 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3938 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3940 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3943 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3946 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3947 * /dev/console points to */
3948 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3954 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3957 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3958 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3960 tty = *active = tmp;
3967 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3968 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3972 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3975 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3976 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3981 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3984 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3987 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3990 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3993 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3996 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3997 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3998 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4004 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4007 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4008 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4009 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4012 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4015 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4018 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4024 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4025 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
4027 executor_pid = fork();
4028 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4029 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4032 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4033 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4034 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
4037 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
4038 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
4041 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4042 reset_signal_mask();
4044 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4047 d = _d = opendir(directory);
4049 if (errno == ENOENT)
4050 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4052 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4053 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4057 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4060 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4063 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4064 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4067 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4070 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4073 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4078 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4080 } else if (pid == 0) {
4083 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4093 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4094 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4097 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4099 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4102 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4108 /* Abort execution of this process after the
4109 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
4110 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
4112 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4113 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4115 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4116 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4119 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4122 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4125 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4128 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4131 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid, true);
4134 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4137 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4145 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4151 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4152 if (streq(i, needle))
4158 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4159 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4162 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4171 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4173 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4174 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4175 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4181 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4188 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4195 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4205 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4211 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4215 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4222 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4223 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4234 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4239 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4241 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4244 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4245 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4254 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4255 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4257 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4262 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4269 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4272 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4274 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4282 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4289 return pollfd.revents;
4292 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4301 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4305 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4311 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4324 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4327 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4333 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4334 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4336 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4340 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4343 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4347 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4348 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4349 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4351 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4354 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4355 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4356 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4358 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4363 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4364 "\033[H" /* move home */
4365 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4372 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4375 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4382 /* Try to deallocate */
4383 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4387 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4396 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4398 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4403 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4404 "\033[H" /* move home */
4405 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4412 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4413 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4418 t = tempfn_random(to);
4422 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4425 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4433 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4434 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4438 t = tempfn_random(path);
4442 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4445 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4453 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4454 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4458 t = tempfn_random(path);
4462 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4465 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4473 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4477 display[0] == ':' &&
4478 display[1] >= '0' &&
4482 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4489 if (!display_is_local(display))
4492 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4494 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4498 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4499 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4508 const char **username,
4509 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4511 const char **shell) {
4519 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4520 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4522 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4540 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4544 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4545 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4546 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4547 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4548 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4550 *username = p->pw_name;
4553 p = getpwnam(*username);
4557 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4569 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4574 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4579 return strdup("root");
4583 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4585 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4591 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4596 return strdup("root");
4600 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4602 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4608 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4614 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4615 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4617 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4618 *groupname = "root";
4626 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4631 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4634 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4638 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4646 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4648 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4650 if (getgid() == gid)
4653 if (getegid() == gid)
4656 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4657 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4659 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4661 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4665 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4672 int in_group(const char *name) {
4676 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4683 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4684 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4690 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4692 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4694 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4697 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4699 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4702 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4703 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4708 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4710 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4712 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4714 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4715 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4717 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4718 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4726 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4732 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4735 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4739 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4740 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4741 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4742 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4743 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4744 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4745 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4751 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4752 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4753 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4754 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4758 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4759 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4771 if (!de && errno != 0)
4776 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4778 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4782 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4783 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4786 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4797 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4803 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4817 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4822 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4846 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4860 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4861 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4863 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4864 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4869 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4876 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4877 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4880 r = access(p, F_OK);
4888 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4889 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4892 r = access(p, F_OK);
4898 /* Get parent dev_t */
4899 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4902 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4908 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4914 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4915 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4918 r = access(p, F_OK);
4922 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4929 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4930 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4931 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4932 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4933 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4936 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4938 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4939 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4940 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4941 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4942 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4943 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4944 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4947 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4949 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4950 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4951 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4952 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4953 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4954 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4955 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4956 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4957 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4958 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4959 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4960 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4961 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4962 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4963 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4964 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4965 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4966 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4967 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4968 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4969 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4972 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4974 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4975 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4976 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4977 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4979 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4980 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4981 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4982 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4985 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4987 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4988 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4989 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4990 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4991 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4995 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4997 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4998 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4999 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5000 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5001 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5002 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5003 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5004 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5005 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5006 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5007 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5008 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5009 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5010 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5011 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5012 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5013 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5016 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5018 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5019 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5020 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5021 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5022 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5025 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5027 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5044 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5055 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5057 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5063 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5065 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5066 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5069 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5073 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5074 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5076 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5081 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5086 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5090 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5094 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5095 signo = (int) u + offset;
5096 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5102 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5103 bool loaded = false;
5106 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5114 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5116 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5125 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5132 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5135 static const struct {
5139 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5140 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5141 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5142 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5143 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5147 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5149 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5152 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5153 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5160 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5168 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5181 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5183 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5185 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5186 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5189 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5192 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5193 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5199 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5201 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5203 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5204 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5207 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5210 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5211 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5216 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5217 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5218 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5219 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5227 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5230 parent_pid = getpid();
5232 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5233 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5234 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5235 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5236 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5239 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5240 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5244 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5245 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5252 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5253 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5254 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5256 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5257 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5258 * SIGTERM or so... */
5259 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5260 reset_signal_mask();
5262 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5263 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5264 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5265 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5267 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5268 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5270 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5271 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5273 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5276 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5277 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5278 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5279 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5280 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5281 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5282 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5283 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5285 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5286 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5290 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5293 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5299 /* Count arguments */
5301 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5306 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5308 /* Fill in arguments */
5310 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5311 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5315 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5318 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5319 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5323 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5329 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5330 * to get as close as we can */
5331 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5333 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5334 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5336 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5342 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5343 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5354 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5356 f = fopen(path, "re");
5364 char line[LINE_MAX];
5367 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5371 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5381 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5382 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5396 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5399 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5402 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5405 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5408 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5411 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5417 bool in_initrd(void) {
5418 static int saved = -1;
5424 /* We make two checks here:
5426 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5427 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5429 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5430 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5431 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5434 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5435 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5436 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5441 void warn_melody(void) {
5442 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5444 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5448 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5450 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5451 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5453 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5454 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5456 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5457 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5459 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5462 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5465 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5467 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5469 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5473 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5478 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5486 /* Take the user specified one */
5487 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5488 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5497 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5500 h = strdup("/root");
5508 /* Check the database... */
5512 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5514 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5517 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5525 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5533 /* Take the user specified one */
5534 e = getenv("SHELL");
5544 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5547 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5555 /* Check the database... */
5559 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5561 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5564 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5572 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5586 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5592 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5598 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5599 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5602 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5610 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5611 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5613 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5618 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5619 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5622 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5632 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5637 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5640 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5643 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5644 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5647 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5653 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5654 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5655 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5664 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5665 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5668 else if (comparison > 0)
5676 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5678 static int cached_answer = -1;
5680 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5683 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5684 cached_answer = true;
5688 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5690 cached_answer = true;
5694 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5695 cached_answer = true;
5699 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5700 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5701 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5703 cached_answer = true;
5707 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5711 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5712 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5716 return (bool) cached_answer;
5719 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5720 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5723 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5724 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5725 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5726 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5727 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5728 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5729 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5730 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5733 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5734 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5735 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5736 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5737 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5738 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5739 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5740 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5745 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5748 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5751 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5757 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5758 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5771 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5777 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5778 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5786 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5798 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5799 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5804 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5806 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5812 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5814 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5816 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5820 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5825 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5827 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5828 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5829 else if (*i == '\t')
5836 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5839 } else if (*i == '[') {
5840 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5845 state = STATE_OTHER;
5852 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5853 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5856 state = STATE_OTHER;
5858 } else if (*i == 'm')
5859 state = STATE_OTHER;
5881 int on_ac_power(void) {
5882 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5883 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5885 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5891 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5897 if (!de && errno != 0)
5903 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5906 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5908 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5914 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5916 if (errno == ENOENT)
5922 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5926 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5930 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5932 if (errno == ENOENT)
5938 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5942 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5945 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5946 found_online = true;
5948 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5949 found_offline = true;
5954 return found_online || !found_offline;
5957 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5964 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5967 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5968 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5972 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5974 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5984 if (errno != ENOENT)
5991 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5992 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5998 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6001 f = fopen(path, mode);
6010 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6014 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6017 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6018 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6020 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6023 f = fopen(path, mode);
6032 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6036 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6039 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6046 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6053 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6058 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6067 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6077 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6091 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6099 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6103 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6110 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6117 if (*allocated >= need)
6120 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6121 a = newalloc * size;
6123 /* check for overflows */
6124 if (a < size * need)
6132 *allocated = newalloc;
6136 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6145 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6149 if (*allocated > prev)
6150 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6155 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6161 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6163 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6166 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6167 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6168 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6172 } else if (l == 36) {
6174 /* Formatted UUID */
6176 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6179 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6183 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6184 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6185 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6196 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6211 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6215 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6227 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6228 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6231 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6237 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6240 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6243 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6244 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6246 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6249 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6250 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6256 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6262 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6265 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6271 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6273 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6276 value = strchr(word, '=');
6280 r = parse_item(word, value);
6288 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6289 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6296 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6302 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6305 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6311 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6313 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6317 e = startswith(word, key);
6321 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6327 if (streq(word, key))
6341 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6342 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6350 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6351 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6359 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6362 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6372 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6373 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6381 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6382 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6390 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6391 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6399 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6400 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6408 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6409 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6415 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6418 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6421 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6426 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6431 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6434 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6438 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6442 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6446 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6449 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6453 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6456 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6459 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6465 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6466 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6471 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6474 return errno != ESRCH;
6477 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6480 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6485 r = get_process_state(pid);
6486 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6492 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6493 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6500 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6504 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6507 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6508 * to namespacing issues */
6511 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6513 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6520 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6532 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6536 if (errno != ERANGE)
6543 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6559 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6560 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6561 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6568 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6575 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6582 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6583 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6588 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6589 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6591 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6599 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6602 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6605 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6606 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6608 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6609 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6611 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6612 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6617 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6619 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6620 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6621 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6622 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6623 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6624 * used by libseccomp. */
6626 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6628 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6631 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6634 #elif defined(__i386__)
6636 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6640 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6641 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6642 * as error indicator. */
6643 return 0xffffffffUL;
6646 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6648 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6650 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6656 #elif defined(__i386__)
6665 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6668 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6669 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6671 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6674 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6677 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6679 struct mntent me = {
6680 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6685 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6691 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6694 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6695 const uint8_t *b = p;
6698 assert(s == 0 || b);
6703 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6705 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6710 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6718 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6723 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6737 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6742 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6744 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6745 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6747 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6752 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6756 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6757 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6758 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6761 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6766 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6767 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6771 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6774 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6775 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6776 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6777 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6778 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6779 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6780 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6781 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6782 "- " /* (8) separator */
6783 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6784 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6785 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6786 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6795 p = cunescape(path);
6799 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6802 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6818 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6819 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6820 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6823 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6824 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6825 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6826 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6827 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6828 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6829 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6830 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6831 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6832 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6833 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6834 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6835 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6837 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6841 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6843 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6848 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6849 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6850 bool top_autofs = false;
6853 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6857 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6858 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6862 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6865 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6866 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6867 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6868 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6869 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6870 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6871 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6872 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6873 "- " /* (8) separator */
6874 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6875 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6876 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6877 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6887 p = cunescape(path);
6891 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6892 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6893 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6894 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6895 * already triggered, then we will find
6896 * another entry for this. */
6897 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6898 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6902 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6903 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6905 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6915 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6916 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6918 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6919 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6922 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6923 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6924 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6925 * mount, make it one. */
6926 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6929 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6932 x = strdup(cleaned);
6936 r = set_consume(done, x);
6941 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6943 r = set_consume(done, x);
6949 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6951 /* Deal with mount points that are
6952 * obstructed by a later mount */
6954 if (errno != ENOENT)
6962 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6969 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6974 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6981 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6988 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6993 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
7002 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
7009 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
7012 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7013 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7022 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7023 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7026 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7027 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7029 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7030 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7031 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7032 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7033 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7034 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7035 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7036 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7039 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7041 struct flock flock = {
7043 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7051 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7052 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7053 * our own trivial version of this.
7055 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7056 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7057 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7058 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7059 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7062 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7064 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7066 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7070 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7079 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7082 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7085 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7088 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7093 r = stat(path, &st);
7095 r = lstat(path, &st);
7099 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7102 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7103 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7104 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7111 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7113 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7121 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7122 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7123 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7124 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7134 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7144 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7146 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7148 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7149 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7152 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7167 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7180 } else if (c == '\'')
7183 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7185 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7193 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7200 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7204 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7213 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7215 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7223 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7230 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7234 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7240 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7262 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7267 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7268 * quotes if necessary. */
7272 /* Count how many words are expected */
7275 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7284 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7285 l = newa0(char*, n);
7286 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7288 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7292 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7302 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7305 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7308 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7318 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7323 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7324 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7339 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7341 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7345 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7352 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));