1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
44 #include <sys/prctl.h>
45 #include <sys/utsname.h>
47 #include <netinet/ip.h>
56 #include <sys/mount.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
62 #include <sys/xattr.h>
64 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
69 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
81 #include "path-util.h"
82 #include "exit-status.h"
86 #include "device-nodes.h"
91 #include "sparse-endian.h"
94 char **saved_argv = NULL;
96 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
97 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
99 size_t page_size(void) {
100 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
103 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
106 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
113 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
115 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
126 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
133 pl = strlen(postfix);
136 return (char*) s + sl;
141 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
144 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
147 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
154 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
155 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
156 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
167 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
174 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
177 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
181 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
182 char * buf_old = buf;
228 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
229 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
230 * g_strescape() does the same */
231 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
233 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
234 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
235 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
241 return buf - buf_old;
244 int close_nointr(int fd) {
251 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
254 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
255 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
256 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
257 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
265 int safe_close(int fd) {
268 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
269 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
270 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
272 * fd = safe_close(fd);
278 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
279 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
280 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
281 * the fd was invalid at all... */
283 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
289 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
292 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
294 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
298 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
309 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
312 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
314 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
320 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
321 unsigned long ul = 0;
328 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
334 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
344 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
345 unsigned long ul = 0;
352 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
358 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
361 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
362 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
365 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
366 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
373 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
381 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
383 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
384 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
386 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
389 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
393 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
401 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
403 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
404 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
406 if ((long) (int) l != l)
413 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
421 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
423 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
424 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
426 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
433 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
441 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
443 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
444 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
446 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
453 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
461 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
463 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
464 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
466 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
473 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
475 unsigned long long l;
481 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
483 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
484 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
490 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
498 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
500 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
501 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
507 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
515 loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
516 if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
520 d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
522 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
524 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
532 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
533 bool escaped = false;
536 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
539 else if (s[n] == '\\')
541 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
545 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
549 /* Split a string into words. */
550 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
556 assert(**state == '\0');
560 current += strspn(current, separator);
566 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
567 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
569 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
570 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
571 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
572 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
576 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
577 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
579 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
580 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
581 /* unfinished escape */
585 *state = current + *l;
587 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
588 *state = current + *l;
594 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
596 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
608 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
609 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
613 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
614 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
615 * skip over it manually */
617 p = strrchr(line, ')');
629 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
632 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
637 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
642 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
648 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
651 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
655 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
659 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
663 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
664 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
668 p = strrchr(line, ')');
674 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
677 return (unsigned char) state;
680 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
687 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
689 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
696 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
697 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
705 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
711 if (max_length == 0) {
712 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
714 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
716 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
721 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
731 r = new(char, max_length);
737 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
759 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
766 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
768 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
776 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
780 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
789 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
801 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
806 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
810 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
813 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
818 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
824 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
826 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
829 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
835 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
837 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
842 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
849 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
850 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
854 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
861 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
862 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
872 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
877 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
882 if (startswith(l, field)) {
884 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
886 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
888 return parse_uid(l, uid);
895 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
896 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
899 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
900 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
901 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
904 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
909 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
911 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
914 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
919 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
921 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
924 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
925 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
926 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
929 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
934 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
940 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
941 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
945 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
947 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
957 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
965 return strndup(suffix, b);
974 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
977 r = new(char, a+b+1);
982 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
988 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
989 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
992 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1007 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1014 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1025 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1026 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1029 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1030 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1034 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1038 value = basename(link);
1042 value = strdup(value);
1051 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1052 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1059 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1063 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1071 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1078 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1082 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1089 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1094 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1097 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1098 struct sigaction sa = {
1099 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1100 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1103 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1104 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1107 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1108 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1109 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1110 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1117 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1120 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1123 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1129 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1132 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1133 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1135 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1137 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1138 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1146 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1149 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1151 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1152 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1163 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1170 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1171 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1174 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1175 return strdup(filename);
1177 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1179 return strdup(filename);
1181 k = strlen(filename);
1182 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1186 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1190 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1199 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1200 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1206 /* Skip last component */
1207 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1210 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1211 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1217 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1220 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1229 if (errno != ENOENT)
1236 char hexchar(int x) {
1237 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1239 return table[x & 15];
1242 int unhexchar(char c) {
1244 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1247 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1248 return c - 'a' + 10;
1250 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1251 return c - 'A' + 10;
1256 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1260 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1264 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1265 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1266 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1273 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1279 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1283 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1286 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1288 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1292 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1299 char octchar(int x) {
1300 return '0' + (x & 7);
1303 int unoctchar(char c) {
1305 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1311 char decchar(int x) {
1312 return '0' + (x % 10);
1315 int undecchar(char c) {
1317 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1323 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1329 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1331 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1335 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1336 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1343 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1350 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1352 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1354 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1359 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1361 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1362 size_t remaining = s + length - f;
1363 assert(remaining > 0);
1365 if (*f != '\\') { /* a literal literal */
1370 if (--remaining == 0) { /* copy trailing backslash verbatim */
1411 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1416 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1419 if (remaining >= 2) {
1420 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1421 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1424 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1425 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1429 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1444 /* octal encoding */
1445 int a = -1, b = -1, c = -1;
1447 if (remaining >= 3) {
1448 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1449 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1450 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1453 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1454 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1458 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1466 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1477 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1478 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1481 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1484 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1487 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1491 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1492 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1495 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1499 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1501 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1502 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1505 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1506 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1516 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1521 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1522 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1523 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1528 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1532 filename[0] == '.' ||
1533 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1534 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1535 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1536 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1537 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1538 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1539 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1540 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1541 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1542 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
1543 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
1544 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
1545 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
1546 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1549 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1552 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1555 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1558 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1563 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1568 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1570 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1572 if (nflags == flags)
1575 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1581 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1586 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1591 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1593 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1595 if (nflags == flags)
1598 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1604 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1607 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1609 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1616 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1617 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1621 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1623 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1628 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1629 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1632 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1633 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1635 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1638 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1639 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1646 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1649 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1652 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1653 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1662 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1665 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1666 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1667 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1675 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1678 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1679 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1686 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1687 static const char table[] =
1701 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1705 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1709 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1711 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1717 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1721 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1724 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1727 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1733 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1734 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1735 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1740 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1741 new_termios = old_termios;
1743 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1744 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1745 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1747 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1750 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1751 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1752 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1757 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1759 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1765 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1772 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1773 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1778 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1779 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1783 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1793 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1803 bool need_nl = true;
1806 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1813 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1817 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1820 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1821 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1832 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1837 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1841 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1846 char line[LINE_MAX];
1850 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1857 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1862 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1863 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1865 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1884 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1885 struct termios termios;
1888 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1892 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1893 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1894 * interfere with that. */
1896 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1897 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1899 /* Switch to text mode */
1901 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1903 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1904 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1906 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1911 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1912 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1913 * else will do that for us */
1915 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1916 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1917 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1918 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1919 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1921 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1922 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1923 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1924 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1925 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1926 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1927 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1928 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1929 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1930 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1931 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1932 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1933 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1935 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1936 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1938 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1942 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1943 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1948 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1949 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1951 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1955 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1958 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1963 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1964 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1965 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1966 * retrying a couple of times.
1968 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1971 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1974 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1981 /* Max 1s in total */
1985 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2003 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2004 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2014 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2024 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2030 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2039 int acquire_terminal(
2043 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2046 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2051 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2052 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2053 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2055 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2056 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2057 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2058 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2059 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2060 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2061 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2062 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2064 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2065 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2067 if (!fail && !force) {
2068 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2074 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2082 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2083 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2084 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2088 r = flush_fd(notify);
2093 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2094 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2095 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2096 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2100 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2101 * if we already own the tty. */
2102 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2104 /* First, try to get the tty */
2105 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2108 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2110 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2111 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2112 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2113 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2116 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2125 assert(notify >= 0);
2128 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2129 struct inotify_event *e;
2132 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2135 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2136 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2141 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2151 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2153 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2160 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2161 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2170 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2171 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2172 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2173 * an endless loop. */
2174 fd = safe_close(fd);
2179 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2181 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2192 int release_terminal(void) {
2193 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2194 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2195 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2198 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2199 struct sigaction sa_old;
2202 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2206 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2207 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2208 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2210 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2213 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2218 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2223 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2224 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2231 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2232 struct sigaction sa = {
2233 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2234 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2239 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2243 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2244 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2251 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2252 struct sigaction sa = {
2253 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2254 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2259 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2263 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2264 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2271 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2275 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2277 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2281 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2282 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2285 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2292 while (nbytes > 0) {
2295 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2300 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2302 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2303 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2306 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2310 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2324 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2325 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2332 while (nbytes > 0) {
2335 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2340 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2341 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2342 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2345 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2352 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2362 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2364 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2365 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2366 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2367 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2368 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2369 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2370 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2372 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2373 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2374 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2375 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2380 unsigned long long factor;
2383 static const struct table iec[] = {
2384 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2385 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2386 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2387 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2388 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2394 static const struct table si[] = {
2395 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2396 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2397 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2398 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2399 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2405 const struct table *table;
2407 unsigned long long r = 0;
2408 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2411 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2416 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2419 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2425 unsigned long long l2;
2431 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2444 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2447 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2448 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2450 if (errno == ERANGE)
2453 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2460 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2462 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2463 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2464 unsigned long long tmp;
2465 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2467 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2468 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2472 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2475 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2491 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2496 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2497 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2498 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2503 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2506 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2507 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2508 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2509 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2510 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2515 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2518 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2522 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2525 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2527 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2528 * sysfs or in /dev */
2531 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2532 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2535 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2536 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2547 if (!de && errno != 0)
2553 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2558 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2559 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2576 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2577 static int have_syscall = -1;
2581 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2582 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2583 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2584 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2585 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2586 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2588 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2589 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2590 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2591 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2593 have_syscall = true;
2598 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2599 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2600 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2601 have_syscall = false;
2602 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2603 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2604 * remember to use the syscall the
2605 * next time, again, but also read
2606 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2607 * doesn't care about the current
2608 * amount of entropy. */
2609 have_syscall = true;
2613 /* too short read? */
2617 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2619 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2621 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2626 if ((size_t) k != n)
2632 void initialize_srand(void) {
2633 static bool srand_called = false;
2635 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2644 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2645 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2646 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2647 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2649 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2651 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2654 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2655 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2658 srand_called = true;
2661 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2665 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2669 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2670 * get a PRNG instead. */
2674 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2678 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2681 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2682 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2683 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2684 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2685 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2686 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2689 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2691 if (program_invocation_name)
2692 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2694 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2698 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2700 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2704 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2709 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2716 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2717 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2721 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2726 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2729 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2730 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2733 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2739 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2742 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2744 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2745 return strdup(u.nodename);
2747 return strdup(u.sysname);
2750 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2753 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2755 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2758 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2761 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2762 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2764 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2766 return strdup("root");
2768 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2772 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2776 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2777 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2779 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2785 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2789 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2794 return lookup_uid(uid);
2797 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2804 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2807 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2817 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2822 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2823 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2840 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2844 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2848 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2850 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2857 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2859 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2861 unsigned long ttynr;
2865 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2866 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2870 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2880 "%*d " /* session */
2885 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2894 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2895 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2896 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2903 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2907 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2909 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2915 /* This is an ugly hack */
2916 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2917 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2921 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2922 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2923 * vaguely useful. */
2929 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2931 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2949 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2950 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2955 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2956 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2962 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2967 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2974 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2979 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2982 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2984 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2985 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2986 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2991 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2994 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2995 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2997 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2998 keep_around = false;
3004 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3005 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3008 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3009 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3010 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3011 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3016 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3017 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3021 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3022 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3026 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3028 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3029 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3036 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3039 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3040 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3043 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3046 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3049 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3052 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3057 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3062 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3063 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3065 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3066 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3071 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3074 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3079 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3083 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3084 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3087 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3093 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3094 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3095 * seriously broken system. */
3096 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3097 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3101 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3104 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3108 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3111 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3112 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3117 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3118 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3125 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3130 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3131 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3137 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3140 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3143 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3152 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3153 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3156 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3157 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3160 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3163 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3164 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3165 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3167 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3168 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3171 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3172 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3178 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3181 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3182 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3183 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3185 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3186 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3189 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3190 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3196 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3200 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3203 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3206 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3207 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3217 if (errno != EINVAL)
3224 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3225 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3226 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3227 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3228 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3230 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3234 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3235 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3237 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3240 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3253 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3259 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3267 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3268 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3271 if (!isempty(status)) {
3272 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3273 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3274 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3276 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3279 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3281 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3283 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3289 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3295 va_start(ap, format);
3296 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3302 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3309 const char *e, *word = format;
3314 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3325 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3335 } else if (*e == '$') {
3336 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3353 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3355 k = strappend(r, t);
3369 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3381 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3383 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3385 l = strv_length(argv);
3387 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3391 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3393 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3394 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3399 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3403 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3415 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3425 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3433 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3434 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3446 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3447 struct winsize ws = {};
3449 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3458 unsigned columns(void) {
3462 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3463 return cached_columns;
3466 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3468 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3471 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3477 return cached_columns;
3480 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3481 struct winsize ws = {};
3483 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3492 unsigned lines(void) {
3496 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3497 return cached_lines;
3500 e = getenv("LINES");
3502 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3505 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3511 return cached_lines;
3514 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3515 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3521 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3523 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3524 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3526 return cached_on_tty;
3529 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3532 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3535 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3538 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3539 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3542 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3545 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3552 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3557 assert(percent <= 100);
3558 assert(new_length >= 3);
3560 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3561 return strndup(s, old_length);
3563 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3567 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3569 if (x > new_length - 3)
3577 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3578 new_length - x - 3);
3583 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3587 unsigned k, len, len2;
3590 assert(percent <= 100);
3591 assert(new_length >= 3);
3593 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3594 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3595 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3597 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3598 return strndup(s, old_length);
3600 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3602 if (x > new_length - 3)
3606 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3609 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3612 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3615 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3618 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3621 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3622 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3625 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3629 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3631 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3633 /* make space for ellipsis */
3634 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3637 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3638 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3643 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3644 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3648 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3652 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3657 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3658 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3661 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3662 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3668 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3670 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3675 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3680 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3681 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3686 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3687 struct timespec ts[2];
3689 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3691 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3693 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3700 int touch(const char *path) {
3701 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3704 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3708 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3709 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3710 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3717 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3718 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3723 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3724 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3728 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3738 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3743 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3744 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3746 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3750 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3753 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3764 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3778 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3779 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3780 * failed for an unknown reason.
3781 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3784 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3785 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3787 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3788 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3790 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3797 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3799 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3801 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3802 if (status.si_status != 0)
3803 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3804 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3806 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3808 return status.si_status;
3809 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3810 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3812 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3816 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3820 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3822 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3823 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3831 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3834 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3837 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3843 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3848 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3851 return null_or_empty(&st);
3854 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3859 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3862 return null_or_empty(&st);
3865 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3869 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3871 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3884 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3888 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3890 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3891 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3896 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3897 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3900 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3904 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3905 t = new(char, enc_len);
3909 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3912 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3915 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3918 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3919 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3921 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3922 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3924 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3925 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3927 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3928 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3933 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3936 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3939 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3942 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3945 return streq(tty, "console");
3948 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3953 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3956 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3959 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3962 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3966 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3972 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3975 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3976 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3978 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3981 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3984 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3985 * /dev/console points to */
3986 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3992 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3995 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3996 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3998 tty = *active = tmp;
4005 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4006 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
4010 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4013 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
4014 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
4019 return tty_is_vc(tty);
4022 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4025 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt220";
4028 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4031 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
4034 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4035 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4036 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4042 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4045 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4046 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4047 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4050 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4053 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4056 static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4057 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4058 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
4061 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
4062 * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
4064 reset_all_signal_handlers();
4065 reset_signal_mask();
4067 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4069 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
4073 seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
4077 STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
4078 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
4081 d = opendir(*directory);
4083 if (errno == ENOENT)
4086 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
4089 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
4090 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4094 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4097 if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
4098 log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
4102 r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
4106 path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
4110 if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
4111 log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
4114 log_debug("%s will be executed.", path);
4118 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4120 } else if (pid == 0) {
4123 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4133 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4136 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4138 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4145 /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
4146 * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
4147 * and turn on alarm(). */
4149 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4150 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4152 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4153 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4156 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4159 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4162 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4168 void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4172 char **dirs = (char**) directories;
4174 assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
4176 name = basename(dirs[0]);
4177 assert(!isempty(name));
4179 /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
4180 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
4181 * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
4182 * earliest one wins. */
4184 executor_pid = fork();
4185 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4186 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4189 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4190 r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
4191 _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
4194 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
4197 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4200 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4208 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4214 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4215 if (streq(i, needle))
4221 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4222 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4225 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4234 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4236 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4237 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4238 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4244 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4251 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4258 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4268 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4274 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4278 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4285 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4286 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4297 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4302 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4304 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4307 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4308 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4317 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4318 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4320 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4325 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4332 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4335 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4337 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4345 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4352 return pollfd.revents;
4355 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4364 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4368 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4374 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4387 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4390 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4396 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4397 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4399 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4403 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4406 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4410 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4411 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4412 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4414 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4417 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4418 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4419 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4421 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4426 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4427 "\033[H" /* move home */
4428 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4435 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4438 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4445 /* Try to deallocate */
4446 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4450 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4459 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4461 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4466 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4467 "\033[H" /* move home */
4468 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4475 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4476 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4482 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4486 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4489 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4497 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4498 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4503 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4507 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4510 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4518 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4519 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4524 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4528 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4531 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4539 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4543 display[0] == ':' &&
4544 display[1] >= '0' &&
4548 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4555 if (!display_is_local(display))
4558 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4560 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4564 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4565 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4574 const char **username,
4575 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4577 const char **shell) {
4585 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4586 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4588 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4606 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4610 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4611 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4612 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4613 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4614 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4616 *username = p->pw_name;
4619 p = getpwnam(*username);
4623 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4635 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4640 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4645 return strdup("root");
4649 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4651 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4657 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4662 return strdup("root");
4666 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4668 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4674 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4680 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4681 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4683 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4684 *groupname = "root";
4692 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4697 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4700 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4704 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4712 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4714 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4716 if (getgid() == gid)
4719 if (getegid() == gid)
4722 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4723 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4725 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4727 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4731 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4738 int in_group(const char *name) {
4742 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4749 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4750 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4756 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4758 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4760 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4763 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4765 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4768 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4769 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4774 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4776 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4778 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4780 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4781 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4783 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4784 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4792 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4798 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4801 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4805 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4806 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4807 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4808 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4809 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4810 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4811 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4817 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4818 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4819 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4820 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4824 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4825 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4837 if (!de && errno != 0)
4842 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4844 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4848 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4849 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4852 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4863 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4869 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4883 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4888 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4912 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4926 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4927 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4929 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4930 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4935 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4942 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4943 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4946 r = access(p, F_OK);
4954 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4955 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4958 r = access(p, F_OK);
4964 /* Get parent dev_t */
4965 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4968 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4974 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4980 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4981 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4984 r = access(p, F_OK);
4988 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4995 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4996 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4997 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4998 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4999 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5002 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
5004 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5005 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5006 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5007 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5008 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5009 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5010 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5013 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5015 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5016 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5017 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5018 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5019 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5020 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5021 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5022 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5023 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5024 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5025 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5026 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5027 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5028 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5029 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5030 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5031 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5032 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5033 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5034 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5035 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5038 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
5040 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5041 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5042 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5043 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5045 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5046 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5047 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5048 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5051 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
5053 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5054 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5055 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5056 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5057 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5061 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
5063 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
5064 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5065 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5066 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5067 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5068 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5069 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5070 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5071 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5072 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5073 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5074 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5075 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5076 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5077 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5078 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5079 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5082 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5084 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5085 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5086 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5087 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5088 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5091 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
5093 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5110 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5121 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5123 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5129 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5131 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5132 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5135 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5139 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5140 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5142 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5147 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5152 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5156 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5160 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5161 signo = (int) u + offset;
5162 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5168 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5169 bool loaded = false;
5172 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5180 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5182 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5191 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5198 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5201 static const struct {
5205 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5206 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5207 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5208 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5209 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5213 if (t == (off_t) -1)
5216 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5218 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5221 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5222 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5229 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5237 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5250 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5252 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5254 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5255 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5258 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5261 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5262 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5268 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5270 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5272 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5273 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5276 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5279 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5280 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5285 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5286 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5287 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5288 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5296 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5299 parent_pid = getpid();
5301 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5302 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5303 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5304 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5305 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5308 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5309 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5313 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5314 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5321 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5322 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5323 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5325 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5326 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5327 * SIGTERM or so... */
5328 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5329 reset_signal_mask();
5331 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5332 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5333 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5334 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5336 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5337 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5339 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5340 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5342 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5345 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5346 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5347 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5348 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5349 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5350 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5351 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5352 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5354 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5355 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5359 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5362 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5368 /* Count arguments */
5370 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5375 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5377 /* Fill in arguments */
5379 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5380 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5384 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5387 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5388 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5392 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5398 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5399 * to get as close as we can */
5400 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5402 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5403 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5405 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5411 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5412 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5423 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5425 f = fopen(path, "re");
5433 char line[LINE_MAX];
5436 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5440 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5450 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5451 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5465 bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
5469 if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
5472 if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
5478 bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5484 p = startswith(url, "http://");
5486 p = startswith(url, "https://");
5493 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5496 bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5502 if (http_url_is_valid(url))
5505 p = startswith(url, "file:/");
5507 p = startswith(url, "info:");
5509 p = startswith(url, "man:");
5514 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5517 bool in_initrd(void) {
5518 static int saved = -1;
5524 /* We make two checks here:
5526 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5527 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5529 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5530 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5531 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5534 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5535 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5536 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5541 void warn_melody(void) {
5542 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5544 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5548 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5550 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5551 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5553 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5554 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5556 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5557 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5559 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5562 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5565 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5567 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5569 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5573 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5578 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5586 /* Take the user specified one */
5587 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5588 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5597 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5600 h = strdup("/root");
5608 /* Check the database... */
5612 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5614 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5617 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5625 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5633 /* Take the user specified one */
5634 e = getenv("SHELL");
5644 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5647 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5655 /* Check the database... */
5659 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5661 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5664 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5672 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5686 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5692 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5698 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5699 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5702 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5710 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5711 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5713 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5718 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5719 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5722 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5732 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5737 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5740 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5743 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5744 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5747 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5753 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5754 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5755 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5764 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5765 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5768 else if (comparison > 0)
5776 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5778 static int cached_answer = -1;
5780 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5783 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5784 cached_answer = true;
5788 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5790 cached_answer = true;
5794 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5795 cached_answer = true;
5799 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5800 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5801 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5803 cached_answer = true;
5807 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5811 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5812 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5816 return (bool) cached_answer;
5819 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5820 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5823 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5824 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5825 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5826 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5827 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5828 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5829 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5830 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5833 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5834 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5835 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5836 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5837 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5838 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5839 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5840 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5845 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5848 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5851 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5857 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5858 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5871 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5877 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5878 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5886 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5898 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5899 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5904 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5906 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5912 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5914 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5916 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5920 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5925 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5927 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5928 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5929 else if (*i == '\t')
5936 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5939 } else if (*i == '[') {
5940 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5945 state = STATE_OTHER;
5952 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5953 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5956 state = STATE_OTHER;
5958 } else if (*i == 'm')
5959 state = STATE_OTHER;
5981 int on_ac_power(void) {
5982 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5983 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5985 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5991 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5997 if (!de && errno != 0)
6003 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
6006 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6008 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
6014 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6016 if (errno == ENOENT)
6022 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
6026 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
6030 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
6032 if (errno == ENOENT)
6038 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
6042 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
6045 if (contents[0] == '1') {
6046 found_online = true;
6048 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
6049 found_offline = true;
6054 return found_online || !found_offline;
6057 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
6064 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
6067 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
6068 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
6072 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
6074 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
6084 if (errno != ENOENT)
6091 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
6092 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
6098 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6101 f = fopen(path, mode);
6110 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6114 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6117 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6118 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6120 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6123 f = fopen(path, mode);
6132 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6136 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6139 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6146 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6153 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6158 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6167 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6177 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6191 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6199 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6203 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6210 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6217 if (*allocated >= need)
6220 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6221 a = newalloc * size;
6223 /* check for overflows */
6224 if (a < size * need)
6232 *allocated = newalloc;
6236 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6245 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6249 if (*allocated > prev)
6250 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6255 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6261 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6263 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6266 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6267 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6268 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6272 } else if (l == 36) {
6274 /* Formatted UUID */
6276 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6279 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6283 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6284 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6285 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6296 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6311 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6315 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6327 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6328 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6331 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6337 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6340 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6343 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6344 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6346 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6349 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6350 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6356 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6362 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6365 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6371 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6373 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6376 value = strchr(word, '=');
6380 r = parse_item(word, value);
6388 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6389 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6396 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6402 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6405 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, true);
6411 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6413 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6417 e = startswith(word, key);
6421 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6427 if (streq(word, key))
6441 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6442 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6450 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6451 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6459 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6462 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6472 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6473 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6481 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6482 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6490 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6491 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6499 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6500 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6508 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6509 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6515 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6518 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6521 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6526 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6531 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6534 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6538 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6542 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6546 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6549 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6553 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6556 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6559 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6565 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6566 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6571 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6574 return errno != ESRCH;
6577 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6580 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6585 r = get_process_state(pid);
6586 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6592 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6593 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6600 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6604 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6607 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6608 * to namespacing issues */
6611 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6613 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6620 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6632 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6636 if (errno != ERANGE)
6643 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6659 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6660 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6661 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6668 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6675 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6682 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6683 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6688 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6689 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6691 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6699 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6702 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6705 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6706 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6708 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6709 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6711 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6712 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6717 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6719 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6720 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6721 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6722 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6723 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6724 * used by libseccomp. */
6726 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6728 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6731 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6734 #elif defined(__i386__)
6736 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6740 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6741 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6742 * as error indicator. */
6743 return 0xffffffffUL;
6746 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6748 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6750 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6756 #elif defined(__i386__)
6765 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6768 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6769 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6771 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6774 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6777 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6778 const uint8_t *b = p;
6781 assert(s == 0 || b);
6786 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6788 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6793 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6801 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6806 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6820 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6825 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6827 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6828 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6830 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6835 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6839 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6840 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6841 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6844 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6849 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6850 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6854 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6857 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6858 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6859 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6860 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6861 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6862 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6863 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6864 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6865 "- " /* (8) separator */
6866 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6867 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6868 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6869 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6878 p = cunescape(path);
6882 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6885 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6901 static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
6904 if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
6906 *flags = buf.f_flag;
6910 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6911 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6912 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6915 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6916 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6917 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6918 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6919 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6920 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6921 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6922 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6923 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6924 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6925 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6926 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6927 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6929 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6933 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6935 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6940 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6941 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6942 bool top_autofs = false;
6944 unsigned long orig_flags;
6946 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6950 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6951 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6955 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6958 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6959 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6960 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6961 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6962 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6963 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6964 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6965 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6966 "- " /* (8) separator */
6967 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6968 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6969 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6970 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6980 p = cunescape(path);
6984 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6985 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6986 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6987 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6988 * already triggered, then we will find
6989 * another entry for this. */
6990 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6991 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6995 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6996 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6998 r = set_consume(todo, p);
7008 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
7009 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
7011 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
7012 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
7015 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
7016 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
7017 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
7018 * mount, make it one. */
7019 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
7023 (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
7024 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
7026 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
7029 x = strdup(cleaned);
7033 r = set_consume(done, x);
7038 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
7040 r = set_consume(done, x);
7046 /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
7047 * don't care for errors, in case of
7048 * obstructed mounts */
7050 (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
7051 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
7053 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
7055 /* Deal with mount points that are
7056 * obstructed by a later mount */
7058 if (errno != ENOENT)
7066 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
7073 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
7078 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
7090 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
7094 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7097 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
7101 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
7103 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7107 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7121 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7125 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7128 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7132 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7135 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7136 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7142 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7146 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7157 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7160 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7164 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7167 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7168 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7174 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7178 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7179 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7182 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7183 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7185 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7186 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7187 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7188 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7189 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7190 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7191 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7192 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7195 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7197 struct flock flock = {
7199 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7207 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7208 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7209 * our own trivial version of this.
7211 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7212 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7213 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7214 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7215 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7218 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7220 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7222 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7226 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7235 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7238 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7241 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7244 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7249 r = stat(path, &st);
7251 r = lstat(path, &st);
7255 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7258 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax) {
7259 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7260 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7267 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7269 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7277 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7278 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7279 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7280 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7290 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7300 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7302 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7304 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7305 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7308 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7323 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7336 } else if (c == '\'')
7339 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7341 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7349 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7356 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7360 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7369 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7371 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7379 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7386 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7390 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7396 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7418 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7423 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7424 * quotes if necessary. */
7428 /* Count how many words are expected */
7431 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7440 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7441 l = newa0(char*, n);
7442 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7444 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], false);
7448 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7458 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7461 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7464 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7474 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7479 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7480 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7495 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7497 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7501 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7508 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7515 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7528 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7532 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7542 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7543 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7544 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7546 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7547 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7549 struct msghdr mh = {
7550 .msg_control = &control,
7551 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7553 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7560 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7564 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7574 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7576 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7578 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7580 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7582 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7584 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7585 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7586 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7587 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7588 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7590 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7592 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7593 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7595 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7598 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7600 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7603 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7606 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7609 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7610 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7614 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7615 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7618 close_many(fds, n_fds);
7628 ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
7629 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7632 /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
7634 fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOATIME|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
7638 l = fgetxattr(fd, attribute, value, size);
7645 static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
7651 if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
7658 int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
7665 /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
7666 * let's fake one with xattrs */
7668 n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7671 if (n != sizeof(le))
7674 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7677 int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
7681 n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
7684 if (n != sizeof(le))
7687 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7690 int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
7697 n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7700 if (n != sizeof(le))
7703 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7706 int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
7712 usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
7714 le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
7715 if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
7721 int same_fd(int a, int b) {
7722 struct stat sta, stb;
7729 /* Compares two file descriptors. Note that semantics are
7730 * quite different depending on whether we have kcmp() or we
7731 * don't. If we have kcmp() this will only return true for
7732 * dup()ed file descriptors, but not otherwise. If we don't
7733 * have kcmp() this will also return true for two fds of the same
7734 * file, created by separate open() calls. Since we use this
7735 * call mostly for filtering out duplicates in the fd store
7736 * this difference hopefully doesn't matter too much. */
7741 /* Try to use kcmp() if we have it. */
7743 r = kcmp(pid, pid, KCMP_FILE, a, b);
7748 if (errno != ENOSYS)
7751 /* We don't have kcmp(), use fstat() instead. */
7752 if (fstat(a, &sta) < 0)
7755 if (fstat(b, &stb) < 0)
7758 if ((sta.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (stb.st_mode & S_IFMT))
7761 /* We consider all device fds different, since two device fds
7762 * might refer to quite different device contexts even though
7763 * they share the same inode and backing dev_t. */
7765 if (S_ISCHR(sta.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sta.st_mode))
7768 if (sta.st_dev != stb.st_dev || sta.st_ino != stb.st_ino)
7771 /* The fds refer to the same inode on disk, let's also check
7772 * if they have the same fd flags. This is useful to
7773 * distuingish the read and write side of a pipe created with
7775 fa = fcntl(a, F_GETFL);
7779 fb = fcntl(b, F_GETFL);
7786 int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7787 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7794 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7798 new_attr = old_attr | mask;
7800 new_attr = old_attr & ~mask;
7802 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7805 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7811 int chattr_path(const char *p, bool b, unsigned mask) {
7812 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7819 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7823 return chattr_fd(fd, b, mask);
7826 int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
7829 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
7835 int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
7836 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7841 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7845 return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
7848 int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7849 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7850 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
7854 * We use UNPOSIX locks if they are available. They have nice
7855 * semantics, and are mostly compatible with NFS. However,
7856 * they are only available on new kernels. When we detect we
7857 * are running on an older kernel, then we fall back to good
7858 * old BSD locks. They also have nice semantics, but are
7859 * slightly problematic on NFS, where they are upgraded to
7860 * POSIX locks, even though locally they are orthogonal to
7870 .l_type = (operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK,
7871 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7875 fd = open(p, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0600);
7879 r = fcntl(fd, (operation & LOCK_NB) ? F_OFD_SETLK : F_OFD_SETLKW, &fl);
7882 /* If the kernel is too old, use good old BSD locks */
7883 if (errno == EINVAL)
7884 r = flock(fd, operation);
7887 return errno == EAGAIN ? -EBUSY : -errno;
7890 /* If we acquired the lock, let's check if the file
7891 * still exists in the file system. If not, then the
7892 * previous exclusive owner removed it and then closed
7893 * it. In such a case our acquired lock is worthless,
7894 * hence try again. */
7899 if (st.st_nlink > 0)
7902 fd = safe_close(fd);
7907 ret->operation = operation;
7915 int make_lock_file_for(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7923 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7926 t = newa(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 4 + 1);
7927 stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), ".lck");
7929 return make_lock_file(t, operation, ret);
7932 void release_lock_file(LockFile *f) {
7940 /* If we are the exclusive owner we can safely delete
7941 * the lock file itself. If we are not the exclusive
7942 * owner, we can try becoming it. */
7945 (f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_SH) {
7946 static const struct flock fl = {
7948 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7951 r = fcntl(f->fd, F_OFD_SETLK, &fl);
7952 if (r < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
7953 r = flock(f->fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
7956 f->operation = LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB;
7959 if ((f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX)
7960 unlink_noerrno(f->path);
7966 f->fd = safe_close(f->fd);
7970 static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
7985 ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
7986 const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
7994 n = nul_length(q, e - q);
7996 /* If there are more than the specified run length of
7997 * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
7998 * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
7999 if ((n > run_length) ||
8000 (n > 0 && q == p) ||
8001 (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
8003 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
8010 if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
8022 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
8029 return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
8032 void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid) {
8038 if (kill(*pid, SIGKILL) > 0)
8039 (void) wait_for_terminate(*pid, NULL);
8042 int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
8043 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
8053 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
8056 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
8057 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8059 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
8060 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8061 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
8063 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
8064 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
8065 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
8066 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
8071 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
8072 (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
8076 *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
8078 *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;