1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
76 #include "device-nodes.h"
83 char **saved_argv = NULL;
85 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
86 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
88 size_t page_size(void) {
89 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
92 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
95 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
102 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
104 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
115 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
122 pl = strlen(postfix);
125 return (char*) s + sl;
130 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
133 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
136 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
151 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
155 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
158 int close_nointr(int fd) {
164 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
165 * thing to do on Linux.
167 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
168 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
169 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
170 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
172 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
180 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
183 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
186 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
189 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
192 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
194 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
195 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
198 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
209 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
212 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
214 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
220 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
221 unsigned long ul = 0;
228 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
234 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
244 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
245 unsigned long ul = 0;
252 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
258 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
265 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
273 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
275 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
276 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
278 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
281 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
285 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
293 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
295 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
296 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
298 if ((long) (int) l != l)
305 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
307 unsigned long long l;
313 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
315 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
316 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
322 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
330 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
332 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
333 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
339 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
346 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
351 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
352 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
358 /* Split a string into words. */
359 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
362 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
364 if (!*current || *c == 0)
367 current += strspn(current, separator);
368 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
371 return (char*) current;
374 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
375 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
376 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
378 bool escaped = false;
380 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
382 if (!*current || *c == 0)
385 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
387 if (*current == '\'') {
390 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
400 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
401 } else if (*current == '\"') {
404 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
414 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
416 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
421 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
428 return (char*) current;
431 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
433 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
446 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
451 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
452 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
456 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
457 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
458 * skip over it manually */
460 p = strrchr(line, ')');
472 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
475 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
480 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
481 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
489 p = "/proc/self/stat";
491 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
497 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
504 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
505 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
506 * skip over it manually */
508 p = strrchr(line, ')');
530 "%*d " /* priority */
532 "%*d " /* num_threads */
533 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
534 "%llu " /* starttime */,
541 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
546 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
552 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
555 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
559 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
566 p = "/proc/self/comm";
568 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
570 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
573 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
574 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
583 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
585 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
591 if (max_length == 0) {
592 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
594 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
596 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
601 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
611 r = new(char, max_length);
617 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
639 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
646 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
647 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
648 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
656 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
660 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
669 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
681 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
686 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
690 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
693 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
698 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
705 p = "/proc/self/status";
707 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
709 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
712 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
721 p = "/proc/self/exe";
723 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
725 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
729 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
736 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
737 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
747 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
752 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
757 if (startswith(l, field)) {
759 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
761 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
763 return parse_uid(l, uid);
770 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
771 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
774 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
775 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
776 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
779 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
787 return strndup(suffix, b);
796 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
799 r = new(char, a+b+1);
804 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
810 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
811 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
814 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
824 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
827 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
833 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
844 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
845 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
852 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
856 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
864 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
871 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
875 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
882 path_kill_slashes(*r);
887 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
890 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
891 struct sigaction sa = {
892 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
893 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
896 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
899 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
900 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
901 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
909 char *strstrip(char *s) {
912 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
913 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
915 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
917 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
918 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
926 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
929 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
931 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
943 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
950 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
956 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
963 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
964 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
967 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
968 return strdup(filename);
970 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
971 return strdup(filename);
973 k = strlen(filename);
974 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
977 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
978 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
983 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
992 /* Skip trailing slashes */
993 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
999 /* Skip last component */
1000 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1003 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1004 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1010 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1013 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1022 if (errno != ENOENT)
1029 char hexchar(int x) {
1030 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1032 return table[x & 15];
1035 int unhexchar(char c) {
1037 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1040 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1041 return c - 'a' + 10;
1043 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1044 return c - 'A' + 10;
1049 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1053 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1057 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1058 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1059 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1066 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1072 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1076 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1079 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1081 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1085 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1092 char octchar(int x) {
1093 return '0' + (x & 7);
1096 int unoctchar(char c) {
1098 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1104 char decchar(int x) {
1105 return '0' + (x % 10);
1108 int undecchar(char c) {
1110 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1116 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1122 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1124 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1128 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1174 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1175 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1176 * g_strescape() does the same */
1177 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1179 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1180 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1181 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1192 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1199 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1201 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1203 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1208 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1210 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1253 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1258 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1261 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1262 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1264 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1265 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1269 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1284 /* octal encoding */
1287 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1288 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1289 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1291 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1292 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1296 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1304 /* premature end of string.*/
1309 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1321 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1322 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1325 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1328 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1331 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1335 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1336 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1339 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1343 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1345 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1346 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1349 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1350 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1360 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1366 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1367 * with. Can be reversed with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1368 * case the empty string. */
1373 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1377 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1379 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1380 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1382 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1383 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1384 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1386 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1387 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1397 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1402 /* Special case for the empty string */
1406 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1410 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1415 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1416 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1417 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1420 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1432 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1437 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1438 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1439 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1444 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1448 filename[0] == '.' ||
1449 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1450 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1451 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1452 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1453 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1454 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1455 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1456 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1457 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1460 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1463 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1466 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1469 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1474 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1478 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1480 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1482 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1488 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1493 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1497 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1499 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1501 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1507 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1510 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1512 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1519 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1524 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1526 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1531 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1532 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1535 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1536 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1538 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1541 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1542 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1549 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1552 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1555 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1556 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1565 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1568 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1569 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1570 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1579 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1582 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1583 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1590 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1591 static const char table[] =
1601 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1605 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1607 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1613 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1617 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1620 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1623 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1629 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1630 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1632 char line[LINE_MAX];
1637 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1638 new_termios = old_termios;
1640 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1641 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1642 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1644 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1647 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1648 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1649 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1654 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1656 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1662 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1669 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1670 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1673 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1678 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1688 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1698 bool need_nl = true;
1701 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1708 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1712 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1715 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1716 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1727 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1732 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1736 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1737 struct termios termios;
1740 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1744 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1745 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1746 * interfere with that. */
1748 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1749 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1751 /* Switch to text mode */
1753 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1755 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1756 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1758 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1763 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1764 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1765 * else will do that for us */
1767 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1768 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1769 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1770 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1771 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1773 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1774 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1775 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1776 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1777 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1778 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1779 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1780 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1781 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1782 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1783 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1784 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1785 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1787 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1788 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1790 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1794 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1795 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1800 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1803 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1807 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1808 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1813 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1818 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1819 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1820 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1821 * retrying a couple of times.
1823 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1826 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1829 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1836 /* Max 1s in total */
1840 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1849 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1854 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1861 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1862 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1872 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1882 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1888 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1897 int acquire_terminal(
1901 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1904 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1909 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1910 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1911 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1913 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1914 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1915 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1916 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1917 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1918 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1919 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1920 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1922 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1923 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1925 if (!fail && !force) {
1926 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1932 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1940 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1941 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1942 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1946 r = flush_fd(notify);
1951 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1952 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1953 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1954 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1958 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1959 * if we already own the tty. */
1960 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1962 /* First, try to get the tty */
1963 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1966 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1968 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1969 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1970 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1971 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1974 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1983 assert(notify >= 0);
1986 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1988 struct inotify_event *e;
1990 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1993 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1994 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1999 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2009 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2012 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2019 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2024 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2029 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2030 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2032 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2039 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2040 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2041 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2042 * an endless loop. */
2043 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2047 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2049 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2051 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2057 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2060 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2065 int release_terminal(void) {
2067 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2068 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2069 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2071 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2073 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2077 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2078 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2079 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2081 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2084 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2089 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2094 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2095 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2102 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2103 struct sigaction sa = {
2104 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2105 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2111 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2115 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2116 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2123 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2124 struct sigaction sa = {
2125 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2126 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2131 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2135 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2136 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2143 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2149 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2154 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2158 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2161 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2170 while (nbytes > 0) {
2173 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2175 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2178 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2179 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2184 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2188 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2191 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2192 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2193 * via read()/write()
2199 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2210 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2219 while (nbytes > 0) {
2222 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2225 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2228 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2229 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2234 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2238 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2241 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2242 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2243 * via read()/write()
2249 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2260 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2261 static const struct {
2263 unsigned long long factor;
2267 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2268 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2269 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2270 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2271 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2276 unsigned long long r = 0;
2288 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2299 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2301 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2302 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2303 unsigned long long tmp;
2304 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2306 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2307 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2311 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2314 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2318 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2328 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2333 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2334 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2335 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2338 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2340 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2343 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2348 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2351 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2355 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2358 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2360 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2361 * sysfs or in /dev */
2364 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2365 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2368 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2369 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2378 union dirent_storage buf;
2380 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2387 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2392 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2393 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2410 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2411 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2415 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2419 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2420 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2426 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2429 unsigned random_u(void) {
2430 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2434 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2438 r = loop_read(fd, &u, sizeof(u), true);
2445 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2448 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2451 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2452 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2453 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2454 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2455 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2456 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2459 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2461 if (program_invocation_name)
2462 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2464 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2468 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2470 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2474 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2479 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2486 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2487 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2491 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2494 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2496 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2497 return strdup(u.nodename);
2499 return strdup(u.sysname);
2502 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2505 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2507 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2510 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2513 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2514 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2516 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2518 return strdup("root");
2520 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2524 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2528 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2529 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2531 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2537 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2541 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2546 return lookup_uid(uid);
2549 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2556 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2559 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2560 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2565 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2571 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2579 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2583 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2587 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2589 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2596 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2597 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2598 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2599 unsigned long ttynr;
2607 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2609 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2611 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2615 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2616 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2620 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2630 "%*d " /* session */
2635 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2642 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2644 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2649 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2653 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2655 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2661 /* This is an ugly hack */
2662 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2663 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2673 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2674 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2675 * vaguely useful. */
2688 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2690 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2708 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2714 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2715 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2719 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2721 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2726 union dirent_storage buf;
2727 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2731 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2732 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2740 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2743 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2745 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2746 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2747 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2752 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2755 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2756 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2758 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2759 keep_around = false;
2765 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2766 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2769 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2770 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2771 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2772 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2777 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2778 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2782 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2783 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2787 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2789 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2790 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2801 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2804 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2805 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2808 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2813 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2814 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2818 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2819 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2821 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2822 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2823 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2827 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2830 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2836 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2837 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2838 * seriously broken system. */
2839 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2840 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2844 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2847 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2851 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2854 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2855 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2860 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2861 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2868 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2869 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2873 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2874 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2875 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2880 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2883 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2886 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2895 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2896 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2899 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2900 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2903 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2906 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2907 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2908 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2910 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2911 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2914 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2915 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2921 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2924 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2925 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2926 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2928 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2929 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2932 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2933 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2939 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2943 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2946 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2949 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2950 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2960 if (errno != EINVAL)
2967 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2968 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2969 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2970 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2971 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2973 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2977 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2978 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2980 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2983 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2996 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3002 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3010 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3011 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3014 if (!isempty(status)) {
3015 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3016 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3017 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3019 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3022 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3024 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3026 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3032 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3038 va_start(ap, format);
3039 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3045 int status_welcome(void) {
3046 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3049 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3050 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3051 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3054 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3055 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3057 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3058 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3059 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3060 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3063 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3070 const char *e, *word = format;
3075 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3086 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3095 } else if (*e == '$') {
3096 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3112 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3114 k = strappend(r, t);
3128 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3139 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3141 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3143 l = strv_length(argv);
3145 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3148 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3150 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3151 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3156 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3159 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3170 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3179 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3187 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3188 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3198 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3199 struct winsize ws = {};
3201 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3210 unsigned columns(void) {
3214 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3215 return cached_columns;
3218 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3223 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3232 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3233 struct winsize ws = {};
3235 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3244 unsigned lines(void) {
3248 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3249 return cached_lines;
3252 e = getenv("LINES");
3257 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3263 return cached_lines;
3266 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3267 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3273 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3275 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3276 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3278 return cached_on_tty;
3281 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3282 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3284 /* Only works as root */
3285 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3288 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3292 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3293 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3296 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3301 assert(percent <= 100);
3302 assert(new_length >= 3);
3304 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3305 return strndup(s, old_length);
3307 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3311 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3313 if (x > new_length - 3)
3321 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3322 new_length - x - 3);
3327 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3331 unsigned k, len, len2;
3334 assert(percent <= 100);
3335 assert(new_length >= 3);
3337 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3338 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3339 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3341 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3342 return strndup(s, old_length);
3344 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3346 if (x > new_length - 3)
3350 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3353 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3356 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3359 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3362 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3365 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3366 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3369 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3373 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3375 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3377 /* make space for ellipsis */
3378 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3381 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3382 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3387 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3388 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3392 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3396 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3401 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3402 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3405 int touch(const char *path) {
3410 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3411 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3414 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3418 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3422 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3426 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3427 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3428 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3435 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3436 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3441 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3442 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3445 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3457 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3461 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3469 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3473 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3479 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3490 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3502 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3509 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3511 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3515 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3516 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3517 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3518 return status.si_status;
3521 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3524 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3525 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3527 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3531 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3535 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3537 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3538 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3546 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3549 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3552 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3558 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3563 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3566 return null_or_empty(&st);
3569 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3573 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3575 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3581 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3588 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3592 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3594 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3595 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3600 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3601 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3605 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3609 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3610 t = new(char, enc_len);
3614 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3617 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3623 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3626 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3627 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3629 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3630 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3632 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3633 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3635 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3636 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3641 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3644 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3647 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3650 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3653 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3656 return streq(tty, "console");
3659 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3664 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3667 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3670 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3673 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3677 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3683 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3686 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3687 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3689 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3692 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3695 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3696 * /dev/console points to */
3697 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3706 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3707 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3711 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3714 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3715 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3720 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3723 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3726 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3729 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3732 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3735 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3736 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3737 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3743 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3746 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3747 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3748 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3751 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3754 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3757 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3760 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3764 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3765 * waits for them to finish. */
3768 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3770 if (errno == ENOENT)
3773 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3780 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3781 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3785 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3790 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3793 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3798 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3799 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3817 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3818 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3821 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3823 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3824 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3829 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3830 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3834 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3839 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3843 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3844 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3845 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3846 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3848 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3850 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3861 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3864 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3867 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3875 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3881 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3882 if (streq(i, needle))
3888 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3889 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3892 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3901 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3903 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3904 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3905 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3911 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3918 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3925 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3935 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3941 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3945 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3952 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3953 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3964 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3969 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3971 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3973 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3976 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3983 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3986 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3988 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3993 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4000 return pollfd.revents;
4003 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4014 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4018 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4022 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4024 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4030 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4043 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4046 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4052 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4055 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4059 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4060 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4065 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4069 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4070 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4071 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4073 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4076 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4077 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4078 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4080 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4085 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4086 "\033[H" /* move home */
4087 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4089 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4094 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4097 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4104 /* Try to deallocate */
4105 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4109 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4110 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4118 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4120 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4125 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4126 "\033[H" /* move home */
4127 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4129 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4134 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4135 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4141 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4145 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4153 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4167 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4169 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4178 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4188 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4190 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4193 unsigned long long ull;
4200 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4204 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4208 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4211 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4212 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4218 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4221 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4230 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4234 display[0] == ':' &&
4235 display[1] >= '0' &&
4239 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4246 if (!display_is_local(display))
4249 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4251 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4255 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4256 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4265 const char **username,
4266 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4268 const char **shell) {
4276 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4277 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4279 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4297 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4301 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4302 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4303 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4304 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4305 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4307 *username = p->pw_name;
4310 p = getpwnam(*username);
4314 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4326 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4331 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4336 return strdup("root");
4340 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4342 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4348 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4353 return strdup("root");
4357 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4359 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4365 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4371 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4372 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4374 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4375 *groupname = "root";
4383 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4388 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4391 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4395 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4403 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4405 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4407 if (getgid() == gid)
4410 if (getegid() == gid)
4413 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4414 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4416 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4418 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4422 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4429 int in_group(const char *name) {
4433 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4440 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4441 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4447 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4449 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4451 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4454 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4456 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4459 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4460 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4465 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4467 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4469 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4471 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4472 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4474 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4475 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4483 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4489 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4492 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4496 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4497 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4498 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4499 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4500 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4501 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4502 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4508 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4510 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4513 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4517 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4518 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4524 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4525 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4526 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4527 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4531 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4532 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4541 union dirent_storage buf;
4544 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4551 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4553 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4557 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4558 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4561 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4572 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4578 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4592 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4597 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4621 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4635 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4636 static __thread int cached = 0;
4638 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4639 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4644 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4651 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4652 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4655 r = access(p, F_OK);
4663 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4664 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4667 r = access(p, F_OK);
4673 /* Get parent dev_t */
4674 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4677 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4683 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4689 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4690 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4693 r = access(p, F_OK);
4697 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4704 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4709 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4713 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4714 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4717 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4718 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4719 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4720 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4721 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4724 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4726 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4727 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4728 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4729 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4730 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4731 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4732 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4735 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4737 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4738 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4739 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4740 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4741 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4742 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4743 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4744 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4745 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4746 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4747 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4748 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4749 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4750 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4751 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4752 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4753 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4754 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4755 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4756 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4757 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4760 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4762 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4763 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4764 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4765 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4767 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4768 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4769 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4770 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4773 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4775 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4776 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4777 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4778 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4779 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4783 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4785 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4786 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4787 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4788 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4789 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4790 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4791 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4792 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4793 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4794 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4795 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4796 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4797 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4798 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4799 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4800 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4801 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4804 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4806 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4807 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4808 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4809 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4810 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4813 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4815 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4832 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4843 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4845 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4851 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4853 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4854 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4857 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4861 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4862 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4864 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4869 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4874 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4878 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4882 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4883 signo = (int) u + offset;
4884 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4890 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4891 bool loaded = false;
4894 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4902 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4920 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4922 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4931 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4938 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4941 static const struct {
4945 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4946 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4947 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4948 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4949 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4953 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4955 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4958 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4959 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4966 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4974 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4987 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4989 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4991 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4993 l == sizeof(value) &&
4994 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4998 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5005 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5007 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5009 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5011 l == sizeof(value) &&
5012 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5016 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5023 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5024 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5026 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5034 parent_pid = getpid();
5036 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5043 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5050 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5051 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5052 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5054 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5055 * to set the death signal */
5056 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5057 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5059 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5060 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5062 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5063 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5065 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5066 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5067 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5068 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5069 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5070 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5071 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5072 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5073 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5075 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5076 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5080 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5083 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5089 /* Count arguments */
5091 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5096 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5098 /* Fill in arguments */
5100 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5101 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5105 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5108 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5109 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5113 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5119 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5120 * to get as close as we can */
5121 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5123 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5124 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5126 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5132 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5133 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5145 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5147 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5149 f = fopen(path, "re");
5157 char line[LINE_MAX];
5160 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5164 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5174 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5175 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5189 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5192 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5195 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5198 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5201 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5204 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5210 bool in_initrd(void) {
5211 static __thread int saved = -1;
5217 /* We make two checks here:
5219 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5220 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5222 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5223 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5224 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5227 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5228 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5229 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5234 void warn_melody(void) {
5235 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5237 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5241 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5243 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5244 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5246 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5247 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5249 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5250 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5252 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5255 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5258 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5260 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5262 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5268 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5275 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5283 /* Take the user specified one */
5294 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5297 h = strdup("/root");
5305 /* Check the database... */
5309 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5311 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5314 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5322 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5336 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5342 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5347 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5348 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5351 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5359 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5360 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5362 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5367 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5368 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5374 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5379 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5382 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5385 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5386 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5389 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5395 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5396 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5397 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5406 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5407 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5410 else if (comparison > 0)
5418 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5420 static int cached_answer = -1;
5422 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5425 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5426 cached_answer = true;
5430 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5432 cached_answer = true;
5436 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5437 cached_answer = true;
5441 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5442 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5443 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5445 cached_answer = true;
5449 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5453 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5454 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5458 return (bool) cached_answer;
5461 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5462 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5464 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5465 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5466 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5467 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5468 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5469 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217 ", /* ● */
5471 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5472 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5473 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5474 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5475 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5476 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5477 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "* ",
5481 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5484 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5487 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5493 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5494 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5507 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5513 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5514 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5522 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5534 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5535 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5540 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5542 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5548 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5550 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5552 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5556 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5561 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5563 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5564 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5565 else if (*i == '\t')
5572 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5575 } else if (*i == '[') {
5576 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5581 state = STATE_OTHER;
5588 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5589 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5592 state = STATE_OTHER;
5594 } else if (*i == 'm')
5595 state = STATE_OTHER;
5617 int on_ac_power(void) {
5618 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5619 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5621 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5627 union dirent_storage buf;
5628 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5633 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5640 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5643 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5645 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5651 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5653 if (errno == ENOENT)
5659 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5663 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5666 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5667 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5669 if (errno == ENOENT)
5675 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5679 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5682 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5683 found_online = true;
5685 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5686 found_offline = true;
5691 return found_online || !found_offline;
5694 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5701 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5704 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5705 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5708 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5718 if (errno != ENOENT)
5725 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5726 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5732 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5735 f = fopen(path, mode);
5744 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5748 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5751 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5752 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5754 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5757 f = fopen(path, mode);
5766 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5770 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5773 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5775 char *d = NULL, *dt;
5779 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5780 d = mkdtemp(template);
5783 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5787 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5793 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5794 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5797 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5801 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5803 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5805 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5809 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5823 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5830 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5837 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5842 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5851 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5861 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5875 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5883 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5887 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5894 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5898 if (*allocated >= need)
5901 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5911 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5917 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5919 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5922 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5923 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5924 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5928 } else if (l == 36) {
5930 /* Formatted UUID */
5932 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5935 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5939 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5940 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5941 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5952 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5957 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5966 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5981 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5985 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
5997 int shall_restore_state(void) {
5998 _cleanup_free_ char *line;
6003 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6006 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6009 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state)
6010 if (l == 23 && memcmp(w, "systemd.restore_state=0", 23))
6016 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6019 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6024 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);