1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
44 #include <sys/prctl.h>
45 #include <sys/utsname.h>
47 #include <netinet/ip.h>
55 #include <sys/mount.h>
56 #include <linux/magic.h>
60 #include <sys/personality.h>
61 #include <sys/xattr.h>
62 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
66 /* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
67 * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the XDG
68 * version which is really broken. */
72 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
84 #include "path-util.h"
85 #include "exit-status.h"
89 #include "device-nodes.h"
94 #include "sparse-endian.h"
96 /* Put this test here for a lack of better place */
97 assert_cc(EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK);
100 char **saved_argv = NULL;
102 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
103 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
105 size_t page_size(void) {
106 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
109 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
112 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
119 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
121 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
132 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
139 pl = strlen(postfix);
142 return (char*) s + sl;
147 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
150 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
153 char* endswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
160 pl = strlen(postfix);
163 return (char*) s + sl;
168 if (strcasecmp(s + sl - pl, postfix) != 0)
171 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
174 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
181 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
182 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
183 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
194 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
201 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
204 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
208 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
209 char * buf_old = buf;
255 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
256 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
257 * g_strescape() does the same */
258 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
260 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
261 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
262 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
268 return buf - buf_old;
271 int close_nointr(int fd) {
278 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
281 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
282 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
283 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
284 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
292 int safe_close(int fd) {
295 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
296 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
297 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
299 * fd = safe_close(fd);
305 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
306 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
307 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
308 * the fd was invalid at all... */
310 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
316 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
319 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
321 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
325 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
336 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
339 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
341 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
347 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
348 unsigned long ul = 0;
355 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
361 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
371 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
372 unsigned long ul = 0;
379 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
385 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
388 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
389 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
392 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
393 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
400 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
408 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
410 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
411 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
413 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
416 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
420 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
428 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
430 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
431 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
433 if ((long) (int) l != l)
440 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
448 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
450 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
451 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
453 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
460 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
468 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
470 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
471 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
473 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
480 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
488 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
490 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
491 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
493 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
500 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
502 unsigned long long l;
508 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
510 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
511 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
517 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
525 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
527 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
528 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
534 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
542 loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
543 if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
547 d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
549 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
551 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
559 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
560 bool escaped = false;
563 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
566 else if (s[n] == '\\')
568 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
572 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
576 /* Split a string into words. */
577 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
583 assert(**state == '\0');
587 current += strspn(current, separator);
593 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
594 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
596 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
597 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
598 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
599 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
603 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
604 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
606 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
607 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
608 /* unfinished escape */
612 *state = current + *l;
614 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
615 *state = current + *l;
621 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
623 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
635 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
636 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
640 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
641 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
642 * skip over it manually */
644 p = strrchr(line, ')');
656 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
659 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
664 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
669 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
675 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
678 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
682 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
686 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
690 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
691 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
695 p = strrchr(line, ')');
701 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
704 return (unsigned char) state;
707 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
714 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
716 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
723 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
724 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
732 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
738 if (max_length == 0) {
739 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
741 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
743 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
748 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
758 r = new(char, max_length);
764 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
786 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
793 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
795 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
803 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
807 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
816 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
828 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
833 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
837 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
840 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
845 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
851 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
853 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
856 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
862 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
864 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
869 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
876 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
877 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
881 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
888 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
889 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
899 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
904 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
909 if (startswith(l, field)) {
911 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
913 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
915 return parse_uid(l, uid);
922 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
923 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
926 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
927 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
928 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
931 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
936 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
938 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
941 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
946 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
948 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
951 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
952 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
953 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
956 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
961 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
967 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
968 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
972 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
974 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
984 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
992 return strndup(suffix, b);
1001 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
1004 r = new(char, a+b+1);
1009 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1015 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1016 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1019 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1034 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1041 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1052 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1053 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1056 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1057 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1061 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1065 value = basename(link);
1069 value = strdup(value);
1078 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1079 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1086 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1090 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1098 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1105 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1109 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1116 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1121 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1124 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1125 struct sigaction sa = {
1126 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1127 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1130 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1131 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1134 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1135 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1136 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1137 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1144 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1147 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1150 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1156 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1159 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1160 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1162 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1164 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1165 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1173 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1176 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1178 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1179 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1190 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1197 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1198 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1201 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1202 return strdup(filename);
1204 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1206 return strdup(filename);
1208 k = strlen(filename);
1209 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1213 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1217 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1226 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1227 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1233 /* Skip last component */
1234 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1237 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1238 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1244 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1247 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1256 if (errno != ENOENT)
1263 char hexchar(int x) {
1264 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1266 return table[x & 15];
1269 int unhexchar(char c) {
1271 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1274 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1275 return c - 'a' + 10;
1277 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1278 return c - 'A' + 10;
1283 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1287 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1291 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1292 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1293 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1300 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1306 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1310 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1313 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1315 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1319 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1326 char octchar(int x) {
1327 return '0' + (x & 7);
1330 int unoctchar(char c) {
1332 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1338 char decchar(int x) {
1339 return '0' + (x % 10);
1342 int undecchar(char c) {
1344 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1350 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1356 /* Does C style string escaping. May be reversed with
1359 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1363 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1364 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1371 static int cunescape_one(const char *p, size_t length, char *ret) {
1378 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 1)
1415 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1420 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1423 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 3)
1426 a = unhexchar(p[1]);
1430 b = unhexchar(p[2]);
1434 /* don't allow NUL bytes */
1435 if (a == 0 && b == 0)
1438 *ret = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1451 /* octal encoding */
1454 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 4)
1457 a = unoctchar(p[0]);
1461 b = unoctchar(p[1]);
1465 c = unoctchar(p[2]);
1469 /* don't allow NUL bytes */
1470 if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)
1473 /* Don't allow bytes above 255 */
1474 m = (a << 6) | (b << 3) | c;
1490 int cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1498 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1500 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1502 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1507 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1509 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1513 remaining = s + length - f;
1514 assert(remaining > 0);
1517 /* A literal literal, copy verbatim */
1522 if (remaining == 1) {
1523 if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
1524 /* A trailing backslash, copy verbatim */
1533 k = cunescape_one(f + 1, remaining - 1, t);
1535 if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
1536 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1555 int cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1556 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL, flags, ret);
1559 int cunescape(const char *s, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1560 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s), flags, ret);
1563 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1567 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1568 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1571 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1575 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1577 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1578 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1581 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1582 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1592 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1597 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1598 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1599 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1604 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1608 filename[0] == '.' ||
1609 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1610 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1611 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1612 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1613 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1614 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1615 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1616 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1617 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1618 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
1619 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
1620 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
1621 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
1622 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1625 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1628 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1631 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1634 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1639 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1644 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1646 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1648 if (nflags == flags)
1651 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1657 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1662 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1667 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1669 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1671 if (nflags == flags)
1674 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1680 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1683 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1685 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1692 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1693 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1697 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1699 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1704 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1705 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1708 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1709 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1711 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1714 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1715 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1722 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1725 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1728 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1729 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1738 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1741 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1742 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1743 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1751 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1754 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1755 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1762 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1763 static const char table[] =
1778 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1782 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1786 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1788 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1794 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1798 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1801 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1804 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1810 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1811 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1812 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1817 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1818 new_termios = old_termios;
1820 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1821 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1822 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1824 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1827 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1828 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1829 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1834 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1836 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1842 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1849 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1850 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1855 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1856 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1860 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1870 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1880 bool need_nl = true;
1883 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1890 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1894 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1897 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1898 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1909 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1914 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1918 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1923 char line[LINE_MAX];
1927 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1934 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1939 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1940 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1942 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1961 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1962 struct termios termios;
1965 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1969 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1970 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1971 * interfere with that. */
1973 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1974 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1976 /* Switch to text mode */
1978 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1980 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1981 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1983 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1988 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1989 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1990 * else will do that for us */
1992 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1993 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1994 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1995 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1996 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1998 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1999 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2000 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2001 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2002 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2003 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2004 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2005 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2006 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2007 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2008 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2009 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2010 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2012 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2013 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2015 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2019 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2020 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2025 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2026 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2028 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2032 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2035 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2040 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2041 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2042 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2043 * retrying a couple of times.
2045 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2048 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
2051 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
2058 /* Max 1s in total */
2062 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2080 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2081 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2091 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2101 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2107 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2116 int acquire_terminal(
2120 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2123 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2128 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2129 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2130 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2132 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2133 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2134 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2135 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2136 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2137 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2138 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2139 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2141 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2142 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2144 if (!fail && !force) {
2145 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2151 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2159 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2160 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2161 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2165 r = flush_fd(notify);
2170 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2171 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2172 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2173 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2177 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2178 * if we already own the tty. */
2179 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2181 /* First, try to get the tty */
2182 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2185 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2187 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2188 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2189 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2190 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2193 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2202 assert(notify >= 0);
2205 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2206 struct inotify_event *e;
2209 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2212 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2213 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2218 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2228 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2230 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2237 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2238 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2247 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2248 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2249 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2250 * an endless loop. */
2251 fd = safe_close(fd);
2256 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2258 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2269 int release_terminal(void) {
2270 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2271 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2272 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2275 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2276 struct sigaction sa_old;
2279 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2283 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2284 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2285 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2287 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2290 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2295 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2300 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2301 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2308 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2309 struct sigaction sa = {
2310 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2311 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2316 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2320 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2321 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2328 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2329 struct sigaction sa = {
2330 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2331 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2336 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2340 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2341 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2348 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2352 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2354 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2358 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2359 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2362 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2369 while (nbytes > 0) {
2372 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2377 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2379 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2380 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2383 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2387 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2401 int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2404 n = loop_read(fd, buf, nbytes, do_poll);
2407 if ((size_t) n != nbytes)
2412 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2413 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2420 while (nbytes > 0) {
2423 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2428 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2429 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2430 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2433 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2440 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2450 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2452 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2453 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2454 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2455 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2456 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2457 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2458 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2460 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2461 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2462 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2463 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2468 unsigned long long factor;
2471 static const struct table iec[] = {
2472 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2473 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2474 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2475 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2476 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2482 static const struct table si[] = {
2483 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2484 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2485 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2486 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2487 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2493 const struct table *table;
2495 unsigned long long r = 0;
2496 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2499 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2504 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2507 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2513 unsigned long long l2;
2519 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2532 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2535 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2536 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2538 if (errno == ERANGE)
2541 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2548 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2550 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2551 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2552 unsigned long long tmp;
2553 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2555 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2556 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2560 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2563 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2579 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2584 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2585 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2586 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2591 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2594 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2595 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2596 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2597 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2598 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2603 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2606 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2610 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2613 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2615 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2616 * sysfs or in /dev */
2619 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2620 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2623 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2624 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2635 if (!de && errno != 0)
2641 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2646 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2647 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2664 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2665 static int have_syscall = -1;
2667 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2670 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2671 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2672 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2673 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2674 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2675 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2677 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2678 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2679 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2680 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2682 have_syscall = true;
2687 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2688 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2689 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2690 have_syscall = false;
2691 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2692 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2693 * remember to use the syscall the
2694 * next time, again, but also read
2695 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2696 * doesn't care about the current
2697 * amount of entropy. */
2698 have_syscall = true;
2702 /* too short read? */
2706 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2708 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2710 return loop_read_exact(fd, p, n, true);
2713 void initialize_srand(void) {
2714 static bool srand_called = false;
2716 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2725 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2726 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2727 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2728 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2730 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2732 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2735 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2736 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2739 srand_called = true;
2742 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2746 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2750 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2751 * get a PRNG instead. */
2755 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2759 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2762 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2763 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2764 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2765 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2766 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2767 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2770 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2772 if (program_invocation_name)
2773 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2775 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2779 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2781 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2785 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2790 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2797 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2798 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2802 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2807 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2810 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2811 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2814 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2820 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2823 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2825 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2826 return strdup(u.nodename);
2828 return strdup(u.sysname);
2831 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2834 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2836 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2839 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2842 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2843 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2845 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2847 return strdup("root");
2849 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2853 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2857 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2858 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2860 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2866 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2870 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2875 return lookup_uid(uid);
2878 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2885 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2888 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2898 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2903 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2904 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2921 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2925 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2929 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2931 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2938 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2940 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2942 unsigned long ttynr;
2946 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2947 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2951 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2961 "%*d " /* session */
2966 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2975 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2976 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2977 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2984 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2988 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2990 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2996 /* This is an ugly hack */
2997 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2998 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr)) < 0)
3001 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3002 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3003 * vaguely useful. */
3010 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3012 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3029 bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) {
3032 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3033 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3036 int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3039 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3042 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3045 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3048 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3049 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3050 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3052 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3053 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3056 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3057 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3063 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3066 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3067 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3068 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3070 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3071 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3074 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3075 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3081 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3085 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3088 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3091 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3092 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3102 if (errno != EINVAL)
3109 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3110 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3111 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3112 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3113 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3115 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3119 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3120 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3122 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3125 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3138 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3144 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3152 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3153 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3156 if (!isempty(status)) {
3157 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3158 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3159 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3161 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3164 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3166 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3168 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3174 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3180 va_start(ap, format);
3181 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3187 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3194 const char *e, *word = format;
3199 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3210 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3220 } else if (*e == '$') {
3221 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3238 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3240 k = strappend(r, t);
3254 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3266 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3268 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3270 l = strv_length(argv);
3272 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3276 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3278 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3279 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3281 char **w, **m = NULL;
3284 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3288 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
3300 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3310 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3318 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3319 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3331 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3332 struct winsize ws = {};
3334 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3343 unsigned columns(void) {
3347 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3348 return cached_columns;
3351 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3353 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3356 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3362 return cached_columns;
3365 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3366 struct winsize ws = {};
3368 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3377 unsigned lines(void) {
3381 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3382 return cached_lines;
3385 e = getenv("LINES");
3387 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3390 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3396 return cached_lines;
3399 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3400 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3406 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3408 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3409 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3411 return cached_on_tty;
3414 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3417 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3420 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3423 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3424 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3427 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3430 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3437 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3442 assert(percent <= 100);
3443 assert(new_length >= 3);
3445 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3446 return strndup(s, old_length);
3448 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3452 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3454 if (x > new_length - 3)
3462 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3463 new_length - x - 3);
3468 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3472 unsigned k, len, len2;
3475 assert(percent <= 100);
3476 assert(new_length >= 3);
3478 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3479 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3480 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3482 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3483 return strndup(s, old_length);
3485 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3487 if (x > new_length - 3)
3491 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3494 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3497 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3500 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3503 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3506 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3507 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3510 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3514 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3516 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3518 /* make space for ellipsis */
3519 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3522 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3523 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3528 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3529 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3533 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3537 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3542 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3543 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3546 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3547 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3553 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3555 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3560 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3565 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3566 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3571 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3572 struct timespec ts[2];
3574 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3576 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3578 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3585 int touch(const char *path) {
3586 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3589 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3593 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3594 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3595 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3602 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3603 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3608 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3609 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3613 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3623 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3628 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3629 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3631 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3635 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3638 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3649 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3663 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3664 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3665 * failed for an unknown reason.
3666 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3669 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3670 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3672 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3673 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3675 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3682 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3684 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3686 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3687 if (status.si_status != 0)
3688 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3689 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3691 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3693 return status.si_status;
3694 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3695 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3697 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3701 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3705 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3707 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3708 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3716 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3719 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3722 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3728 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3733 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3736 return null_or_empty(&st);
3739 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3744 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3747 return null_or_empty(&st);
3750 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3754 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3756 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3769 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3773 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3775 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3776 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3781 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3782 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3785 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3789 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3790 t = new(char, enc_len);
3794 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3797 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3800 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3803 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3804 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3806 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3807 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3809 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3810 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3812 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3813 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3818 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3821 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3824 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3827 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3830 return streq(tty, "console");
3833 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3838 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3841 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3844 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3847 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3851 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3857 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3860 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3861 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3863 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3866 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3869 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3870 * /dev/console points to */
3871 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3877 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3880 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3881 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3883 tty = *active = tmp;
3890 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3891 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3895 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3898 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3899 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3904 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3907 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3910 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt220";
3913 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3916 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
3919 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3920 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3921 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3927 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3930 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3931 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3932 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3935 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3938 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3941 static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3942 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3943 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
3946 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
3947 * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
3949 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3950 reset_signal_mask();
3952 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3954 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
3958 seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
3962 STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
3963 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
3966 d = opendir(*directory);
3968 if (errno == ENOENT)
3971 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
3974 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3975 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3979 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3982 if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
3983 log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
3987 r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
3991 path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3995 if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
3996 log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
4002 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4004 } else if (pid == 0) {
4007 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4017 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4020 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4022 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4029 /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
4030 * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
4031 * and turn on alarm(). */
4033 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4034 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4036 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4037 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4040 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4043 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4046 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4052 void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4056 char **dirs = (char**) directories;
4058 assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
4060 name = basename(dirs[0]);
4061 assert(!isempty(name));
4063 /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
4064 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
4065 * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
4066 * earliest one wins. */
4068 executor_pid = fork();
4069 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4070 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4073 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4074 r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
4075 _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
4078 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
4081 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4084 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4092 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4098 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4099 if (streq(i, needle))
4105 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4106 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4109 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4118 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4120 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4121 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4122 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4128 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4135 /* Doesn't accept empty hostnames, hostnames with trailing or
4136 * leading dots, and hostnames with multiple dots in a
4137 * sequence. Also ensures that the length stays below
4140 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4147 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4157 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4163 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4167 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4174 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4175 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4186 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4191 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4193 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4196 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4197 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4206 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4207 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4209 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4214 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4221 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4224 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4226 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4234 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4241 return pollfd.revents;
4244 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4253 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4257 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4263 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4276 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4279 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4285 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4286 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4288 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4292 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4295 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4299 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4300 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4301 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4303 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4306 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4307 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4308 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4310 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4315 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4316 "\033[H" /* move home */
4317 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4324 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4327 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4334 /* Try to deallocate */
4335 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4339 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4348 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4350 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4355 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4356 "\033[H" /* move home */
4357 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4364 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4365 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4371 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4375 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4378 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4386 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4387 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4392 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4396 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4399 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4407 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4408 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4413 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4417 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4420 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4428 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4432 display[0] == ':' &&
4433 display[1] >= '0' &&
4437 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4444 if (!display_is_local(display))
4447 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4449 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4453 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4454 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4463 const char **username,
4464 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4466 const char **shell) {
4474 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4475 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4477 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4495 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4499 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4500 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4501 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4502 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4503 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4505 *username = p->pw_name;
4508 p = getpwnam(*username);
4512 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4524 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4529 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4534 return strdup("root");
4538 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4540 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4546 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4551 return strdup("root");
4555 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4557 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4563 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4569 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4570 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4572 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4573 *groupname = "root";
4581 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4586 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4589 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4593 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4601 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4603 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4605 if (getgid() == gid)
4608 if (getegid() == gid)
4611 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4612 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4614 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4616 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4620 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4627 int in_group(const char *name) {
4631 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4638 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4639 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4645 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4647 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4649 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4652 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4654 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4657 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4658 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4663 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4665 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4667 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4669 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4670 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4672 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4673 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4681 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4687 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4690 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4694 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4695 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4696 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4697 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4698 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4699 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4700 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4706 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4707 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4708 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4709 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4713 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4714 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4726 if (!de && errno != 0)
4731 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4733 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4737 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4738 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4741 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4752 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4758 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4772 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4777 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4801 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4815 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4816 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4818 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4819 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4824 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4831 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4832 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4835 r = access(p, F_OK);
4843 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4844 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4847 r = access(p, F_OK);
4853 /* Get parent dev_t */
4854 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4857 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4863 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4869 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4870 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4873 r = access(p, F_OK);
4877 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4884 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4885 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4886 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4887 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4888 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4891 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4893 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4894 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4895 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4896 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4897 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4898 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4899 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4902 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4904 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4905 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4906 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4907 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4908 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4909 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4910 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4911 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4912 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4913 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4914 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4915 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4916 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4917 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4918 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4919 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4920 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4921 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4922 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4923 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4924 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4927 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4929 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4930 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4931 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4932 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4934 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4935 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4936 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4937 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4940 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4942 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4943 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4944 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4945 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4946 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4950 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4952 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4953 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4954 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4955 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4956 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4957 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4958 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4959 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4960 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4961 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4962 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4963 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4964 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4965 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4966 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4967 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4968 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4971 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4973 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4974 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4975 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4976 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4977 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4980 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4982 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4999 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5010 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5012 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5018 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5020 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5021 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5024 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5028 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5029 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5031 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5036 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5041 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5045 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5049 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5050 signo = (int) u + offset;
5051 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5057 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5058 bool loaded = false;
5061 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5069 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5071 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5080 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5087 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5090 static const struct {
5094 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5095 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5096 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5097 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5098 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5102 if (t == (off_t) -1)
5105 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5107 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5110 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5111 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5118 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5126 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5139 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5141 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5143 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5144 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5147 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5150 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5151 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5157 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5159 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5161 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5162 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5165 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5168 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5169 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5174 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5175 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5176 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5177 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5185 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5188 parent_pid = getpid();
5190 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5191 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5192 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5193 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5194 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5197 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5198 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5202 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5203 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5210 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5211 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5212 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5214 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5215 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5216 * SIGTERM or so... */
5217 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5218 reset_signal_mask();
5220 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5221 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5222 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5223 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5225 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5226 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5228 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5229 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5231 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5234 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5235 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5236 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5237 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5238 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5239 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5240 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5241 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5243 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5244 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5248 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5251 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5257 /* Count arguments */
5259 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5264 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5266 /* Fill in arguments */
5268 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5269 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5273 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5276 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5277 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5281 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5287 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5288 * to get as close as we can */
5289 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5291 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5292 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5294 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5300 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5301 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5312 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5314 f = fopen(path, "re");
5322 char line[LINE_MAX];
5325 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5329 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5339 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5340 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5354 bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
5358 if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
5361 if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
5367 bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5373 p = startswith(url, "http://");
5375 p = startswith(url, "https://");
5382 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5385 bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5391 if (http_url_is_valid(url))
5394 p = startswith(url, "file:/");
5396 p = startswith(url, "info:");
5398 p = startswith(url, "man:");
5403 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5406 bool in_initrd(void) {
5407 static int saved = -1;
5413 /* We make two checks here:
5415 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5416 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5418 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5419 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5420 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5423 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5424 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5425 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5430 void warn_melody(void) {
5431 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5433 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5437 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5439 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5440 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5442 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5443 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5445 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5446 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5448 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5451 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5454 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5456 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5458 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5462 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5467 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5475 /* Take the user specified one */
5476 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5477 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5486 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5489 h = strdup("/root");
5497 /* Check the database... */
5501 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5503 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5506 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5514 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5522 /* Take the user specified one */
5523 e = getenv("SHELL");
5533 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5536 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5544 /* Check the database... */
5548 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5550 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5553 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5561 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5575 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5581 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5587 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5588 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5591 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5599 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5600 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5602 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5607 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5608 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5611 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5621 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5626 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5629 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5632 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5633 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5636 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5642 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5643 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5644 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5653 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5654 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5657 else if (comparison > 0)
5665 void init_gettext(void) {
5666 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
5667 textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
5670 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5672 static int cached_answer = -1;
5674 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5677 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5678 cached_answer = true;
5682 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5684 cached_answer = true;
5688 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5689 cached_answer = true;
5693 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5694 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5695 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5697 cached_answer = true;
5701 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5705 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5706 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5710 return (bool) cached_answer;
5713 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5714 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5717 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5718 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5719 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5720 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5721 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5722 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5723 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5724 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5727 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5728 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5729 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5730 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5731 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5732 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5733 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5734 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5739 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5742 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5745 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5751 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5752 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5765 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5771 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5772 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5780 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5792 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5793 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5798 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5800 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5806 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5808 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5810 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5814 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5819 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5821 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5822 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5823 else if (*i == '\t')
5830 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5833 } else if (*i == '[') {
5834 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5839 state = STATE_OTHER;
5846 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5847 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5850 state = STATE_OTHER;
5852 } else if (*i == 'm')
5853 state = STATE_OTHER;
5875 int on_ac_power(void) {
5876 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5877 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5879 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5881 return errno == ENOENT ? true : -errno;
5885 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5891 if (!de && errno != 0)
5897 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
5900 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5902 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5908 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5910 if (errno == ENOENT)
5916 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5920 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5924 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5926 if (errno == ENOENT)
5932 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5936 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5939 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5940 found_online = true;
5942 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5943 found_offline = true;
5948 return found_online || !found_offline;
5951 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5958 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5961 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5962 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5966 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5968 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5978 if (errno != ENOENT)
5985 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5986 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5992 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5995 f = fopen(path, mode);
6004 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6008 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6011 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6012 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6014 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6017 f = fopen(path, mode);
6026 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6030 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6033 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6040 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6047 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6052 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6061 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6071 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6085 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6093 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6097 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6104 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6111 if (*allocated >= need)
6114 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6115 a = newalloc * size;
6117 /* check for overflows */
6118 if (a < size * need)
6126 *allocated = newalloc;
6130 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6139 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6143 if (*allocated > prev)
6144 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6149 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6155 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6157 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6160 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6161 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6162 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6166 } else if (l == 36) {
6168 /* Formatted UUID */
6170 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6173 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6177 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6178 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6179 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6190 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6205 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6209 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6221 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6222 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6225 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6231 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6234 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6237 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6238 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6240 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6243 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6244 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6250 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6256 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6259 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
6265 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6267 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6270 value = strchr(word, '=');
6274 r = parse_item(word, value);
6282 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6283 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6290 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6296 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6299 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
6305 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6307 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6311 e = startswith(word, key);
6315 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6321 if (streq(word, key))
6335 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6336 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6344 p = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6345 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6353 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6356 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6366 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6367 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6375 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6376 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6384 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6385 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6393 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6394 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6402 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6403 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6409 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6412 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6415 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6420 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6425 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6428 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6432 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6436 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6440 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6443 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6447 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6450 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6453 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6459 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6460 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6465 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6468 return errno != ESRCH;
6471 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6474 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6479 r = get_process_state(pid);
6480 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6486 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6487 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6494 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6498 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6501 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6502 * to namespacing issues */
6505 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6507 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6514 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6526 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6530 if (errno != ERANGE)
6537 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6553 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6554 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6555 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6562 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6569 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6576 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6577 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6582 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6583 p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6585 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6593 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6596 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6599 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6600 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6602 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6603 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6605 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6606 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6611 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6613 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6614 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6615 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6616 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6617 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6618 * used by libseccomp. */
6620 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6622 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6625 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6628 #elif defined(__i386__)
6630 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6634 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6635 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6636 * as error indicator. */
6637 return 0xffffffffUL;
6640 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6642 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6644 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6650 #elif defined(__i386__)
6659 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6662 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6663 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6665 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6668 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6671 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6672 const uint8_t *b = p;
6675 assert(s == 0 || b);
6680 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6682 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6687 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6695 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6700 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6714 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6719 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6721 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6722 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6724 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6729 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6733 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6734 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6735 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6738 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6743 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6744 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6748 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6751 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6752 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6753 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6754 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6755 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6756 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6757 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6758 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6759 "- " /* (8) separator */
6760 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6761 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6762 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6763 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6772 r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
6776 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6779 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6795 static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
6798 if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
6800 *flags = buf.f_flag;
6804 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6805 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6806 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6809 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6810 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6811 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6812 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6813 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6814 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6815 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6816 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6817 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6818 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6819 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6820 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6821 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6823 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6827 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6829 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6834 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6835 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6836 bool top_autofs = false;
6838 unsigned long orig_flags;
6840 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6844 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6845 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6849 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6852 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6853 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6854 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6855 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6856 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6857 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6858 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6859 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6860 "- " /* (8) separator */
6861 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6862 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6863 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6864 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6874 r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
6878 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6879 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6880 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6881 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6882 * already triggered, then we will find
6883 * another entry for this. */
6884 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6885 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6889 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6890 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6892 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6902 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6903 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6905 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6906 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6909 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6910 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6911 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6912 * mount, make it one. */
6913 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6917 (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
6918 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
6920 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6923 x = strdup(cleaned);
6927 r = set_consume(done, x);
6932 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6934 r = set_consume(done, x);
6940 /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
6941 * don't care for errors, in case of
6942 * obstructed mounts */
6944 (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
6945 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
6947 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6949 /* Deal with mount points that are
6950 * obstructed by a later mount */
6952 if (errno != ENOENT)
6960 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6967 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6972 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
6984 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
6988 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
6991 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
6995 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
6997 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7001 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7015 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7019 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7022 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7026 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7029 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7030 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7036 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7040 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7051 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7054 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7058 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7061 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7062 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7068 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7072 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7073 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7076 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7077 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7079 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7080 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7081 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7082 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7083 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7084 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7085 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7086 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7089 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7091 struct flock flock = {
7093 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7101 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7102 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7103 * our own trivial version of this.
7105 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7106 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7107 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7108 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7109 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7112 path = strjoina(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7114 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7116 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7120 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7129 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7132 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7135 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7138 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7143 r = stat(path, &st);
7145 r = lstat(path, &st);
7149 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7152 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, UnquoteFlags flags) {
7153 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7154 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7162 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7164 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7172 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7173 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7174 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7175 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7185 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7195 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7197 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7199 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7200 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7203 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7213 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7218 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7221 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7222 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7236 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7239 } else if (c == '\'')
7242 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7244 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7252 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7254 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7259 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7262 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7263 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7271 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7280 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7282 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7290 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7292 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7297 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7300 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7301 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7309 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7315 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7337 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, UnquoteFlags flags, ...) {
7342 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7343 * quotes if necessary. */
7347 /* Count how many words are expected */
7348 va_start(ap, flags);
7350 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7359 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7360 l = newa0(char*, n);
7361 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7363 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], flags);
7367 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7377 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7379 va_start(ap, flags);
7380 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7383 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7393 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7398 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7399 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7414 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7416 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7420 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7427 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7434 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7447 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7451 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7461 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7462 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7463 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7465 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7466 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7468 struct msghdr mh = {
7469 .msg_control = &control,
7470 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7472 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7479 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7483 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7493 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7495 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7497 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7499 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7501 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7503 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7504 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7505 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7506 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7507 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7509 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7511 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7512 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7514 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7517 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7519 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7522 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7525 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7528 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7529 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7533 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7534 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7537 close_many(fds, n_fds);
7547 ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
7548 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7551 /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
7553 fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOATIME|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
7557 l = fgetxattr(fd, attribute, value, size);
7564 static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
7570 if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
7577 int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
7584 /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
7585 * let's fake one with xattrs */
7587 n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7590 if (n != sizeof(le))
7593 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7596 int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
7600 n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
7603 if (n != sizeof(le))
7606 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7609 int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
7616 n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7619 if (n != sizeof(le))
7622 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7625 int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
7631 usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
7633 le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
7634 if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
7640 int chattr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
7641 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7648 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7651 new_attr = (old_attr & ~mask) | (value & mask);
7652 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7655 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7661 int chattr_path(const char *p, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
7662 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7669 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7673 return chattr_fd(fd, value, mask);
7676 int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
7679 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
7685 int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
7686 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7691 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7695 return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
7698 int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7699 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7700 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
7704 * We use UNPOSIX locks if they are available. They have nice
7705 * semantics, and are mostly compatible with NFS. However,
7706 * they are only available on new kernels. When we detect we
7707 * are running on an older kernel, then we fall back to good
7708 * old BSD locks. They also have nice semantics, but are
7709 * slightly problematic on NFS, where they are upgraded to
7710 * POSIX locks, even though locally they are orthogonal to
7720 .l_type = (operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK,
7721 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7725 fd = open(p, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0600);
7729 r = fcntl(fd, (operation & LOCK_NB) ? F_OFD_SETLK : F_OFD_SETLKW, &fl);
7732 /* If the kernel is too old, use good old BSD locks */
7733 if (errno == EINVAL)
7734 r = flock(fd, operation);
7737 return errno == EAGAIN ? -EBUSY : -errno;
7740 /* If we acquired the lock, let's check if the file
7741 * still exists in the file system. If not, then the
7742 * previous exclusive owner removed it and then closed
7743 * it. In such a case our acquired lock is worthless,
7744 * hence try again. */
7749 if (st.st_nlink > 0)
7752 fd = safe_close(fd);
7757 ret->operation = operation;
7765 int make_lock_file_for(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7773 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7776 t = newa(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 4 + 1);
7777 stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), ".lck");
7779 return make_lock_file(t, operation, ret);
7782 void release_lock_file(LockFile *f) {
7790 /* If we are the exclusive owner we can safely delete
7791 * the lock file itself. If we are not the exclusive
7792 * owner, we can try becoming it. */
7795 (f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_SH) {
7796 static const struct flock fl = {
7798 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7801 r = fcntl(f->fd, F_OFD_SETLK, &fl);
7802 if (r < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
7803 r = flock(f->fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
7806 f->operation = LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB;
7809 if ((f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX)
7810 unlink_noerrno(f->path);
7816 f->fd = safe_close(f->fd);
7820 static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
7835 ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
7836 const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
7844 n = nul_length(q, e - q);
7846 /* If there are more than the specified run length of
7847 * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
7848 * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
7849 if ((n > run_length) ||
7850 (n > 0 && q == p) ||
7851 (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
7853 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
7860 if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
7872 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
7879 return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
7882 void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid) {
7888 if (kill(*pid, SIGKILL) > 0)
7889 (void) wait_for_terminate(*pid, NULL);
7892 int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
7893 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
7903 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
7906 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
7907 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7909 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
7910 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7911 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
7913 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
7914 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7915 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
7916 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
7921 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
7922 (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
7926 *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
7928 *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
7934 ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
7940 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
7941 if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
7947 void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
7948 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7952 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(mh, cmsg))
7953 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
7954 close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
7957 int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
7961 ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
7965 /* Even though renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added
7966 * support for it later. If it is not implemented, fallback to another
7968 if (errno != EINVAL)
7971 /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
7972 * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
7973 * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
7975 ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
7976 if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
7977 ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
7978 return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
7981 /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
7982 ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
7986 ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
7988 /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
7990 (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);
7998 char *shell_maybe_quote(const char *s) {
8004 /* Encloses a string in double quotes if necessary to make it
8005 * OK as shell string. */
8007 for (p = s; *p; p++)
8010 strchr(SHELL_NEED_QUOTES, *p))
8016 r = new(char, 1+strlen(s)*2+1+1);
8022 t = mempcpy(t, s, p - s);
8026 if (strchr(SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE, *p))