1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
76 #include "device-nodes.h"
81 char **saved_argv = NULL;
83 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
84 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
86 size_t page_size(void) {
87 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
90 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
93 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
100 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
102 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
113 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
120 pl = strlen(postfix);
123 return (char*) s + sl;
128 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
131 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
134 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
149 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
153 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
156 int close_nointr(int fd) {
162 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
163 * thing to do on Linux.
165 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
166 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
167 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
168 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
170 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
178 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
181 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
184 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
187 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
190 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
192 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
193 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
196 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
207 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
210 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
212 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
218 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
219 unsigned long ul = 0;
226 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
232 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
242 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
243 unsigned long ul = 0;
250 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
256 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
263 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
271 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
273 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
274 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
276 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
279 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
283 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
291 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
293 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
294 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
296 if ((long) (int) l != l)
303 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
305 unsigned long long l;
311 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
313 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
314 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
320 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
328 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
330 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
331 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
337 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
344 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
349 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
350 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
356 /* Split a string into words. */
357 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
360 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
362 if (!*current || *c == 0)
365 current += strspn(current, separator);
366 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
369 return (char*) current;
372 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
373 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
374 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
376 bool escaped = false;
378 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
380 if (!*current || *c == 0)
383 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
385 if (*current == '\'') {
388 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
398 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
399 } else if (*current == '\"') {
402 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
412 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
414 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
419 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
426 return (char*) current;
429 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
431 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
444 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
449 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
450 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
454 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
455 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
456 * skip over it manually */
458 p = strrchr(line, ')');
470 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
473 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
478 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
479 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
487 p = "/proc/self/stat";
489 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
495 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
502 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
503 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
504 * skip over it manually */
506 p = strrchr(line, ')');
528 "%*d " /* priority */
530 "%*d " /* num_threads */
531 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
532 "%llu " /* starttime */,
539 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
544 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
550 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
553 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
557 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
564 p = "/proc/self/comm";
566 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
568 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
571 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
572 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
581 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
583 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
589 if (max_length == 0) {
590 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
592 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
594 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
599 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
609 r = new(char, max_length);
615 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
637 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
644 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
645 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
646 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
654 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
658 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
667 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
679 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
684 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
688 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
691 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
696 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
703 p = "/proc/self/status";
705 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
707 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
710 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
719 p = "/proc/self/exe";
721 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
723 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
727 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
734 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
735 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
745 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
750 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
755 if (startswith(l, field)) {
757 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
759 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
761 return parse_uid(l, uid);
768 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
769 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
772 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
773 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
774 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
777 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
785 return strndup(suffix, b);
794 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
797 r = new(char, a+b+1);
802 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
808 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
809 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
812 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
822 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
825 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
831 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
842 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
843 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
850 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
854 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
862 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
869 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
873 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
880 path_kill_slashes(*r);
885 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
888 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
889 struct sigaction sa = {
890 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
891 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
894 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
897 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
898 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
899 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
907 char *strstrip(char *s) {
910 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
911 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
913 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
915 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
916 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
924 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
927 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
929 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
941 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
948 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
954 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
961 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
962 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
965 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
966 return strdup(filename);
968 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
969 return strdup(filename);
971 k = strlen(filename);
972 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
975 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
976 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
981 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
990 /* Skip trailing slashes */
991 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
997 /* Skip last component */
998 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1001 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1002 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1008 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1011 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1020 if (errno != ENOENT)
1027 char hexchar(int x) {
1028 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1030 return table[x & 15];
1033 int unhexchar(char c) {
1035 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1038 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1039 return c - 'a' + 10;
1041 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1042 return c - 'A' + 10;
1047 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1051 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1055 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1056 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1057 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1064 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1070 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1074 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1077 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1079 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1083 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1090 char octchar(int x) {
1091 return '0' + (x & 7);
1094 int unoctchar(char c) {
1096 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1102 char decchar(int x) {
1103 return '0' + (x % 10);
1106 int undecchar(char c) {
1108 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1114 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1120 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1122 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1126 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1172 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1173 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1174 * g_strescape() does the same */
1175 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1177 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1178 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1179 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1190 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1197 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1199 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1201 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1206 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1208 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1251 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1256 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1259 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1260 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1262 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1263 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1267 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1282 /* octal encoding */
1285 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1286 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1287 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1289 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1290 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1294 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1302 /* premature end of string.*/
1307 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1319 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1320 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1323 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1326 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1329 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1333 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1334 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1337 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1341 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1343 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1344 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1347 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1348 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1358 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1364 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1365 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1366 * case the empty string. */
1371 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1375 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1377 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1378 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1380 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1381 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1382 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1384 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1385 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1395 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1400 /* Special case for the empty string */
1404 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1408 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1413 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1414 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1415 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1418 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1430 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1435 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1436 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1437 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1442 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1446 filename[0] == '.' ||
1447 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1448 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1449 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1450 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1451 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1452 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1453 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1454 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1455 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1458 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1461 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1464 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1467 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1472 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1476 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1478 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1480 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1486 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1491 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1495 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1497 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1499 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1505 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1508 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1510 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1517 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1522 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1524 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1529 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1530 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1533 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1534 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1536 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1539 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1540 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1547 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1550 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1553 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1554 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1563 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1566 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1567 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1568 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1577 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1580 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1581 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1588 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1589 static const char table[] =
1599 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1603 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1605 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1611 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1615 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1618 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1621 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1627 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1628 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1630 char line[LINE_MAX];
1635 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1636 new_termios = old_termios;
1638 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1639 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1640 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1642 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1645 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1646 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1647 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1652 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1654 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1660 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1667 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1668 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1671 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1676 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1686 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1696 bool need_nl = true;
1699 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1706 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1710 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1713 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1714 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1725 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1730 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1734 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1735 struct termios termios;
1738 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1742 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1743 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1744 * interfere with that. */
1746 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1747 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1749 /* Switch to text mode */
1751 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1753 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1754 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1756 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1761 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1762 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1763 * else will do that for us */
1765 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1766 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1767 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1768 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1769 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1771 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1772 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1773 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1774 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1775 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1776 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1777 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1778 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1779 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1780 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1781 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1782 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1783 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1785 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1786 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1788 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1792 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1793 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1798 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1801 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1805 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1806 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1811 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1816 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1817 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1818 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1819 * retrying a couple of times.
1821 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1824 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1827 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1834 /* Max 1s in total */
1838 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1847 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1852 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1859 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1860 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1870 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1880 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1886 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1895 int acquire_terminal(
1899 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1902 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1907 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1908 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1909 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1911 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1912 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1913 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1914 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1915 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1916 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1917 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1918 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1920 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1921 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1923 if (!fail && !force) {
1924 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1930 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1938 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1939 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1940 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1944 r = flush_fd(notify);
1949 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1950 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1951 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1952 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1956 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1957 * if we already own the tty. */
1958 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1960 /* First, try to get the tty */
1961 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1964 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1966 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1967 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1968 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1969 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1972 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1981 assert(notify >= 0);
1984 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1986 struct inotify_event *e;
1988 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1991 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1992 if (ts + timeout < n) {
1997 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2007 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2010 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2017 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2022 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2027 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2028 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2030 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2037 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2038 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2039 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2040 * an endless loop. */
2041 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2045 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2047 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2049 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2055 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2058 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2063 int release_terminal(void) {
2065 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2066 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2067 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2069 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2071 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2075 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2076 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2077 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2079 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2082 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2087 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2092 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2093 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2100 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2101 struct sigaction sa = {
2102 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2103 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2109 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2113 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2114 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2121 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2122 struct sigaction sa = {
2123 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2124 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2129 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2133 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2134 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2141 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2147 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2152 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2156 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2159 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2168 while (nbytes > 0) {
2171 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2173 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2176 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2177 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2182 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2186 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2189 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2190 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2191 * via read()/write()
2197 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2208 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2217 while (nbytes > 0) {
2220 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2223 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2226 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2227 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2232 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2236 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2239 /* We knowingly ignore the revents value here,
2240 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2241 * via read()/write()
2247 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2258 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2259 static const struct {
2261 unsigned long long factor;
2265 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2266 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2267 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2268 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2269 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2274 unsigned long long r = 0;
2286 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2297 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2299 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2300 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2301 unsigned long long tmp;
2302 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2304 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2305 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2309 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2312 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2316 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2326 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2331 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2332 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2333 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2336 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2338 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2341 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2346 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2349 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2353 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2356 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2358 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2359 * sysfs or in /dev */
2362 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2363 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2366 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2367 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2376 union dirent_storage buf;
2378 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2385 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2390 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2391 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2408 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2409 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2413 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2417 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2418 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2424 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2427 unsigned random_u(void) {
2428 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2432 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2436 r = loop_read(fd, &u, sizeof(u), true);
2443 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2446 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2449 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2450 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2451 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2452 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2453 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2454 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2457 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2459 if (program_invocation_name)
2460 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2462 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2466 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2468 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2472 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2477 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2484 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2485 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2489 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2492 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2494 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2495 return strdup(u.nodename);
2497 return strdup(u.sysname);
2500 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2503 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2505 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2508 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2511 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2512 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2514 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2516 return strdup("root");
2518 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2522 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2526 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2527 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2529 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2535 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2539 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2544 return lookup_uid(uid);
2547 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2554 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2557 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2558 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2563 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2569 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2577 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2581 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2585 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2587 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2594 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2595 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2596 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2597 unsigned long ttynr;
2605 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2607 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2609 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2613 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2614 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2618 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2628 "%*d " /* session */
2633 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2640 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2642 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2647 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2651 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2653 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2659 /* This is an ugly hack */
2660 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2661 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2671 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2672 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2673 * vaguely useful. */
2686 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2688 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2706 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2712 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2713 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2717 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2719 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2724 union dirent_storage buf;
2725 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2729 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2730 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2738 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2741 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2743 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2744 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2745 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2750 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2753 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2754 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2756 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2757 keep_around = false;
2763 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2764 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2767 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2768 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2769 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2770 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2775 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2776 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2780 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2781 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2785 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2787 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2788 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2799 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2802 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2803 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2806 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2811 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2812 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2816 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2817 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2819 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2820 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2821 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2825 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2828 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2834 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2835 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2836 * seriously broken system. */
2837 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2838 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2842 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2845 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2849 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2852 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2853 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2858 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2859 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2866 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2867 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2871 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2872 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2873 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2878 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2881 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2884 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2893 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2894 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2897 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2898 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2901 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2904 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2905 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2906 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2908 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2909 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2912 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2913 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2919 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2922 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2923 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2924 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2926 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2929 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2935 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2939 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2942 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2945 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2946 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2956 if (errno != EINVAL)
2963 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2964 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2965 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2966 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2967 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2969 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2973 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2974 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2976 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2979 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2992 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2998 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3006 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3007 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3010 if (!isempty(status)) {
3011 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3012 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3013 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3015 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3018 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3020 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3022 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3028 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3034 va_start(ap, format);
3035 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3041 int status_welcome(void) {
3043 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3045 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3046 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3047 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3049 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3050 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3052 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3053 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3054 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3055 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3058 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3065 const char *e, *word = format;
3070 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3081 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3090 } else if (*e == '$') {
3091 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3107 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3109 k = strappend(r, t);
3123 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3134 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3136 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3138 l = strv_length(argv);
3140 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3143 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3145 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3146 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3151 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3154 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3165 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3174 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3182 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3183 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3193 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3194 struct winsize ws = {};
3196 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3205 unsigned columns(void) {
3209 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3210 return cached_columns;
3213 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3218 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3227 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3228 struct winsize ws = {};
3230 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3239 unsigned lines(void) {
3243 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3244 return cached_lines;
3247 e = getenv("LINES");
3252 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3258 return cached_lines;
3261 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3262 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3268 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3270 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3271 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3273 return cached_on_tty;
3276 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3277 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3279 /* Only works as root */
3280 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3283 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3287 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3288 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3291 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3296 assert(percent <= 100);
3297 assert(new_length >= 3);
3299 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3300 return strndup(s, old_length);
3302 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3306 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3308 if (x > new_length - 3)
3316 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3317 new_length - x - 3);
3322 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3326 unsigned k, len, len2;
3329 assert(percent <= 100);
3330 assert(new_length >= 3);
3332 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3333 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3334 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3336 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3337 return strndup(s, old_length);
3339 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3341 if (x > new_length - 3)
3345 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3348 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3351 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3354 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3357 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3360 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3361 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3364 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3368 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3370 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3372 /* make space for ellipsis */
3373 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3376 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3377 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3382 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3383 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3387 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3391 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3396 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3397 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3400 int touch(const char *path) {
3405 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3406 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3409 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3413 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3417 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3421 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3422 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3423 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3430 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3431 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3436 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3437 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3440 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3452 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3456 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3464 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3468 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3474 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3485 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3497 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3504 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3506 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3510 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3511 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3512 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3513 return status.si_status;
3516 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3519 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3520 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3522 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3526 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3530 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3532 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3533 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3541 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3544 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3547 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3553 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3558 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3561 return null_or_empty(&st);
3564 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3568 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3570 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3576 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3583 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3587 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3589 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3590 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3595 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3596 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3600 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3604 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3605 t = new(char, enc_len);
3609 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3612 if (asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t) < 0)
3618 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3621 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3622 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3624 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3625 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3627 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3628 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3630 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3631 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3636 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3639 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3642 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3645 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3648 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3651 return streq(tty, "console");
3654 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3659 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3662 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3665 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3668 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3672 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3678 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3681 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3682 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3684 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3687 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3690 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3691 * /dev/console points to */
3692 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3701 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3702 char *active = NULL;
3707 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3710 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3711 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3722 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3725 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3728 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3731 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3734 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3735 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3736 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3742 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3745 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3746 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3747 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3750 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3753 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3756 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3759 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3763 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3764 * waits for them to finish. */
3767 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3769 if (errno == ENOENT)
3772 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3779 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3780 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3784 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3789 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3792 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3797 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3798 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3816 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3817 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3820 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3822 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3823 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3828 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3829 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3833 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3838 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3842 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3843 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3844 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3845 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3847 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3849 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3860 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3863 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3866 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3874 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3880 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3881 if (streq(i, needle))
3887 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3888 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3891 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3900 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3902 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3903 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3904 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3910 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3917 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3924 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3934 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3940 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3944 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3951 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3952 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3963 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3968 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3970 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3972 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3975 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3982 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3985 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3987 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3992 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3999 return pollfd.revents;
4002 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4013 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4017 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4021 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4023 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4029 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4042 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4045 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4051 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4054 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4058 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4059 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4064 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4068 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4069 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4070 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4072 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4075 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4076 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4077 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4079 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4084 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4085 "\033[H" /* move home */
4086 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4088 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4093 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4096 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4103 /* Try to deallocate */
4104 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4108 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4109 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4117 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4119 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4124 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4125 "\033[H" /* move home */
4126 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4128 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4133 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to, int flags) {
4134 _cleanup_close_ int fdf = -1;
4140 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4144 fdt = open(to, flags|O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4152 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4166 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4168 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4177 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4187 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4189 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4192 unsigned long long ull;
4199 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4203 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4207 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4210 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4211 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4217 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4220 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4229 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4233 display[0] == ':' &&
4234 display[1] >= '0' &&
4238 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4245 if (!display_is_local(display))
4248 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4250 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4254 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4255 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4264 const char **username,
4265 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4267 const char **shell) {
4275 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4276 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4278 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4296 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4300 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4301 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4302 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4303 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4304 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4306 *username = p->pw_name;
4309 p = getpwnam(*username);
4313 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4325 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4330 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4335 return strdup("root");
4339 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4341 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4347 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4352 return strdup("root");
4356 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4358 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4364 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4370 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4371 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4373 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4374 *groupname = "root";
4382 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4387 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4390 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4394 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4402 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4404 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4406 if (getgid() == gid)
4409 if (getegid() == gid)
4412 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4413 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4415 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4417 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4421 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4428 int in_group(const char *name) {
4432 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4439 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4440 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4446 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4448 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4450 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4453 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4455 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4458 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4459 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4464 k = glob(optarg, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4466 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4468 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4470 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4471 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4473 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4474 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4482 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4488 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4491 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4495 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4496 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4497 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4498 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4499 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4500 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4501 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4507 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4509 _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
4512 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4516 STRV_FOREACH(i, search)
4517 if (path_equal(parent, *i))
4523 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4524 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4525 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4526 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4530 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4531 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4540 union dirent_storage buf;
4543 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4550 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4552 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4556 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4557 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4560 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4571 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4577 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4591 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4596 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4620 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4634 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4635 static __thread int cached = 0;
4637 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4638 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4643 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4650 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4651 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4654 r = access(p, F_OK);
4662 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4663 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4666 r = access(p, F_OK);
4672 /* Get parent dev_t */
4673 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4676 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4682 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4688 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4689 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4692 r = access(p, F_OK);
4696 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4703 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4708 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4712 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4713 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4716 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4717 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4718 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4719 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4720 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4723 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4725 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4726 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4727 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4728 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4729 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4730 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4731 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4734 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4736 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4737 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4738 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4739 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4740 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4741 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4742 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4743 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4744 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4745 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4746 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4747 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4748 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4749 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4750 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4751 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4752 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4753 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4754 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4755 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4756 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4759 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4761 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4762 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4763 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4764 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4766 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4767 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4768 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4769 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4772 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4774 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4775 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4776 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4777 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4778 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4782 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4784 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4785 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4786 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4787 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4788 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4789 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4790 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4791 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4792 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4793 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4794 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4795 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4796 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4797 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4798 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4799 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4800 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4803 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4805 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4806 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4807 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4808 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4809 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4812 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4814 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4831 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4842 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4844 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4850 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4852 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4853 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4856 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4860 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4861 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4863 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4868 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4873 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4877 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4881 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4882 signo = (int) u + offset;
4883 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4889 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4890 bool loaded = false;
4893 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4901 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4919 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4921 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4930 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4937 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4940 static const struct {
4944 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4945 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4946 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4947 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4948 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4952 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4954 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4957 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4958 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4965 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4973 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4986 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4988 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4990 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4992 l == sizeof(value) &&
4993 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4997 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5004 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5006 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5008 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5010 l == sizeof(value) &&
5011 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5015 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5022 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5023 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5025 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5033 parent_pid = getpid();
5035 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5042 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5049 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5050 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5051 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5053 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5054 * to set the death signal */
5055 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5056 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5058 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5059 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5061 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5062 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5064 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5065 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5066 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5067 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5068 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5069 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5070 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5071 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5072 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5074 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5075 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5079 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5082 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5088 /* Count arguments */
5090 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5095 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5097 /* Fill in arguments */
5099 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5100 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5104 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5107 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5108 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5112 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5118 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5119 * to get as close as we can */
5120 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5122 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5123 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5125 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5131 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5132 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5144 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5146 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5148 f = fopen(path, "re");
5156 char line[LINE_MAX];
5159 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5163 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5173 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5174 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5188 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5191 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5194 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5197 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5200 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5203 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5209 bool in_initrd(void) {
5210 static __thread int saved = -1;
5216 /* We make two checks here:
5218 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5219 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5221 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5222 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5223 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5226 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5227 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5228 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5233 void warn_melody(void) {
5234 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5236 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5240 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5242 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5243 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5245 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5246 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5248 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5249 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5251 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5254 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5257 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5259 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5261 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5267 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5274 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5282 /* Take the user specified one */
5293 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5296 h = strdup("/root");
5304 /* Check the database... */
5308 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5310 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5313 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5321 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5335 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5341 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5346 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5347 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5350 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5358 * Check if a string contains control characters.
5359 * Spaces and tabs are not considered control characters.
5361 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5366 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5367 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ' && *t != '\t')
5373 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5378 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5381 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5384 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5385 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5388 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5394 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5395 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5396 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5405 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5406 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5409 else if (comparison > 0)
5417 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5419 static int cached_answer = -1;
5421 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5424 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5425 cached_answer = true;
5429 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5431 cached_answer = true;
5435 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5436 cached_answer = true;
5440 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5441 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5442 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5444 cached_answer = true;
5448 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5452 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5453 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5457 return (bool) cached_answer;
5460 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5461 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5463 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5464 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5465 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5466 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5467 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5469 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5470 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5471 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5472 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5473 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5474 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5478 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5481 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5484 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5490 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5491 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5504 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5510 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5511 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5519 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5531 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5532 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5537 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5539 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5545 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5547 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5549 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5553 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5558 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5560 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5561 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5562 else if (*i == '\t')
5569 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5572 } else if (*i == '[') {
5573 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5578 state = STATE_OTHER;
5585 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5586 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5589 state = STATE_OTHER;
5591 } else if (*i == 'm')
5592 state = STATE_OTHER;
5614 int on_ac_power(void) {
5615 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5616 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5618 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5624 union dirent_storage buf;
5625 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5630 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5637 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5640 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5642 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5648 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5650 if (errno == ENOENT)
5656 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5660 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5663 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5664 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5666 if (errno == ENOENT)
5672 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5676 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5679 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5680 found_online = true;
5682 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5683 found_offline = true;
5688 return found_online || !found_offline;
5691 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5698 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5701 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5702 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5705 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5715 if (errno != ENOENT)
5722 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5723 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5729 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5732 f = fopen(path, mode);
5741 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5745 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5748 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5749 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5751 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5754 f = fopen(path, mode);
5763 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5767 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5770 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5772 char *d = NULL, *dt;
5776 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5777 d = mkdtemp(template);
5780 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5784 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5790 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5791 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5794 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5798 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5800 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5802 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5806 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5820 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5827 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5834 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5839 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5848 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5858 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5872 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5880 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5884 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5891 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5895 if (*allocated >= need)
5898 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5908 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5914 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5916 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5919 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5920 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5921 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5925 } else if (l == 36) {
5927 /* Formatted UUID */
5929 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5932 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5936 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5937 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5938 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5949 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5954 *host = strchr(arg, '@');
5963 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
5978 a = strndup(s, x - s);
5982 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));