1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
187 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
188 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
189 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
190 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
198 int safe_close(int fd) {
201 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
202 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
203 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
205 * fd = safe_close(fd);
211 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
212 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
213 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
214 * the fd was invalid at all... */
216 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
222 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
225 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
227 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
231 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
242 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
245 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
247 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
253 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
254 unsigned long ul = 0;
261 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
267 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
277 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
278 unsigned long ul = 0;
285 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
291 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
295 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
298 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
299 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
306 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
314 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
316 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
317 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
319 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
322 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
326 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
334 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
336 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
337 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
339 if ((long) (int) l != l)
346 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
354 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
356 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
357 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
359 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
366 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
368 unsigned long long l;
374 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
376 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
377 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
383 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
391 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
393 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
394 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
407 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
412 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
413 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
419 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
420 bool escaped = false;
423 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
426 else if (s[n] == '\\')
428 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
431 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
435 /* Split a string into words. */
436 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
442 assert(**state == '\0');
446 current += strspn(current, separator);
452 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
453 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
455 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
456 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
457 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
458 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
462 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
463 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
465 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
466 *state = current + *l;
468 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
469 *state = current + *l;
475 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
477 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
489 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
490 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
494 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
495 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
496 * skip over it manually */
498 p = strrchr(line, ')');
510 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
513 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
518 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
520 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
526 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
527 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
531 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
532 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
533 * skip over it manually */
535 p = strrchr(line, ')');
557 "%*d " /* priority */
559 "%*d " /* num_threads */
560 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
561 "%llu " /* starttime */,
568 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
573 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
579 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
582 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
586 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
590 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
594 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
595 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
599 p = strrchr(line, ')');
605 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
608 return (unsigned char) state;
611 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
618 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
620 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
627 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
628 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
636 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
642 if (max_length == 0) {
643 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
645 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
647 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
652 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
662 r = new(char, max_length);
668 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
690 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
697 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
698 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
699 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
707 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
711 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
720 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
732 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
737 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
741 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
744 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
749 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
755 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
757 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
760 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
768 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
770 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
772 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
774 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
781 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
782 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
792 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
797 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
802 if (startswith(l, field)) {
804 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
806 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
808 return parse_uid(l, uid);
815 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
816 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
819 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
820 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
821 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
824 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
832 return strndup(suffix, b);
841 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
844 r = new(char, a+b+1);
849 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
855 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
856 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
859 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
874 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
881 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
892 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
893 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
896 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
897 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
904 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
908 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
916 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
923 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
927 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
934 path_kill_slashes(*r);
939 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
942 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
943 struct sigaction sa = {
944 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
945 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
948 /* These two cannot be caught... */
949 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
952 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
953 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
954 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
955 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
962 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
965 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
968 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
974 char *strstrip(char *s) {
977 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
978 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
980 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
982 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
983 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
991 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
994 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
996 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1008 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1015 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1016 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1019 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1020 return strdup(filename);
1022 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1023 return strdup(filename);
1025 k = strlen(filename);
1026 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1029 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1030 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1035 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1044 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1045 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1051 /* Skip last component */
1052 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1055 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1056 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1062 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1065 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1074 if (errno != ENOENT)
1081 char hexchar(int x) {
1082 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1084 return table[x & 15];
1087 int unhexchar(char c) {
1089 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1092 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1093 return c - 'a' + 10;
1095 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1096 return c - 'A' + 10;
1101 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1105 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1109 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1110 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1111 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1118 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1124 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1128 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1131 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1133 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1137 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1144 char octchar(int x) {
1145 return '0' + (x & 7);
1148 int unoctchar(char c) {
1150 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1156 char decchar(int x) {
1157 return '0' + (x % 10);
1160 int undecchar(char c) {
1162 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1168 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1174 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1176 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1180 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1226 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1227 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1228 * g_strescape() does the same */
1229 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1231 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1232 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1233 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1244 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1251 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1253 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1255 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1260 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1262 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1305 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1310 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1313 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1314 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1316 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1317 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1321 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1336 /* octal encoding */
1339 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1340 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1341 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1343 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1344 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1348 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1356 /* premature end of string.*/
1361 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1373 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1374 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1377 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1380 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1383 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1387 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1388 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1391 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1395 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1397 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1398 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1401 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1402 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1412 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1417 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1418 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1419 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1424 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1428 filename[0] == '.' ||
1429 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1430 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1431 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1432 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1433 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1434 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1435 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1436 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1437 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1438 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1441 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1444 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1447 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1450 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1455 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1460 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1462 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1464 if (nflags == flags)
1467 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1473 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1478 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1483 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1485 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1487 if (nflags == flags)
1490 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1496 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1499 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1501 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1508 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1509 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1513 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1515 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1520 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1521 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1524 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1525 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1527 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1530 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1531 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1538 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1541 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1544 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1545 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1554 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1557 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1558 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1559 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1567 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1570 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1571 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1578 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1579 static const char table[] =
1593 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1597 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1601 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1603 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1609 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1613 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1616 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1619 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1625 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1626 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1627 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1632 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1633 new_termios = old_termios;
1635 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1636 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1637 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1639 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1642 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1643 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1644 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1649 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1651 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1657 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1664 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1665 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1670 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1671 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1675 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1685 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1695 bool need_nl = true;
1698 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1705 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1709 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1712 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1713 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1724 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1729 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1733 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1738 char line[LINE_MAX];
1742 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1749 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1754 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1755 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1757 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1776 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1777 struct termios termios;
1780 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1784 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1785 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1786 * interfere with that. */
1788 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1789 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1791 /* Switch to text mode */
1793 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1795 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1796 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1798 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1803 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1804 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1805 * else will do that for us */
1807 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1808 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1809 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1810 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1811 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1813 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1814 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1815 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1816 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1817 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1818 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1819 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1820 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1821 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1822 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1823 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1824 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1825 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1827 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1828 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1830 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1834 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1835 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1840 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1841 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1843 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1847 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1850 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1855 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1856 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1857 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1858 * retrying a couple of times.
1860 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1863 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1866 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1873 /* Max 1s in total */
1877 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1895 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1896 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1906 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1916 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1922 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1931 int acquire_terminal(
1935 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1938 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1943 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1944 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1945 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1947 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1948 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1949 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1950 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1951 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1952 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1953 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1954 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1956 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1957 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1959 if (!fail && !force) {
1960 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1966 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1974 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1975 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1976 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1980 r = flush_fd(notify);
1985 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1986 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1987 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1988 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1992 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1993 * if we already own the tty. */
1994 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1996 /* First, try to get the tty */
1997 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2000 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2002 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2003 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2004 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2005 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2008 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2017 assert(notify >= 0);
2020 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2022 struct inotify_event *e;
2024 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2027 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2028 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2033 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2043 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2046 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2053 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2058 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2063 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2064 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2066 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2073 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2074 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2075 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2076 * an endless loop. */
2077 fd = safe_close(fd);
2082 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2084 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2095 int release_terminal(void) {
2096 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2097 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2098 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2101 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2102 struct sigaction sa_old;
2105 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2109 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2110 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2111 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2113 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2116 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2121 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2126 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2127 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2134 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2135 struct sigaction sa = {
2136 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2137 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2142 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2146 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2147 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2154 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2155 struct sigaction sa = {
2156 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2157 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2162 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2166 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2167 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2174 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2178 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2180 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2184 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2185 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2188 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2195 while (nbytes > 0) {
2198 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2199 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2202 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2204 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2205 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2208 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2213 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2223 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2224 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2230 while (nbytes > 0) {
2233 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2234 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2237 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2239 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2240 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2243 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2248 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2258 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2260 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2261 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2262 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2263 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2264 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2265 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2266 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2268 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2269 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2270 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2271 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2276 unsigned long long factor;
2279 static const struct table iec[] = {
2280 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2281 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2282 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2283 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2284 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2290 static const struct table si[] = {
2291 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2292 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2293 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2294 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2295 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2301 const struct table *table;
2303 unsigned long long r = 0;
2304 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2307 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2312 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2315 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2321 unsigned long long l2;
2327 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2340 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2343 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2344 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2346 if (errno == ERANGE)
2349 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2356 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2358 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2359 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2360 unsigned long long tmp;
2361 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2363 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2364 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2368 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2371 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2387 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2392 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2393 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2394 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2399 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2402 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2407 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2410 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2414 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2417 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2419 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2420 * sysfs or in /dev */
2423 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2424 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2427 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2428 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2439 if (!de && errno != 0)
2445 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2450 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2451 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2468 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2469 static int have_syscall = -1;
2473 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2474 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2475 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2476 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2477 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2478 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2480 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2481 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2482 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2483 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2485 have_syscall = true;
2490 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2491 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2492 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2493 have_syscall = false;
2494 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2495 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2496 * remember to use the syscall the
2497 * next time, again, but also read
2498 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2499 * doesn't care about the current
2500 * amount of entropy. */
2501 have_syscall = true;
2505 /* too short read? */
2509 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2511 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2513 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2518 if ((size_t) k != n)
2524 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2525 static bool srand_called = false;
2529 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2533 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2534 * get a PRNG instead. */
2536 if (!srand_called) {
2539 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2540 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2541 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2542 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2547 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2549 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2552 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2553 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2556 srand_called = true;
2559 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2563 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2566 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2567 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2568 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2569 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2570 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2571 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2574 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2576 if (program_invocation_name)
2577 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2579 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2583 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2585 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2589 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2594 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2601 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2602 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2606 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2611 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2614 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2615 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2618 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2624 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2627 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2629 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2630 return strdup(u.nodename);
2632 return strdup(u.sysname);
2635 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2638 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2640 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2643 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2646 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2647 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2649 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2651 return strdup("root");
2653 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2657 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2661 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2662 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2664 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2670 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2674 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2679 return lookup_uid(uid);
2682 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2689 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2692 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2693 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2698 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2704 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2712 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2716 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2720 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2722 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2729 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2731 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2733 unsigned long ttynr;
2737 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2738 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2742 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2752 "%*d " /* session */
2757 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2766 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2767 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2768 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2775 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2779 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2781 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2787 /* This is an ugly hack */
2788 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2789 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2793 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2794 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2795 * vaguely useful. */
2801 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2803 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2821 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2822 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2827 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2828 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2834 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2839 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2846 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2851 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2854 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2856 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2857 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2858 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2863 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2866 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2867 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2869 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2870 keep_around = false;
2876 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2877 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2880 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2881 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2882 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2883 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2888 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2889 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2893 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2894 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2898 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2900 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2901 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2908 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2911 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2912 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2915 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2920 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2925 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2926 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2928 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2929 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2934 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2937 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2943 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2944 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2945 * seriously broken system. */
2946 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2947 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2951 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2954 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2958 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2961 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2962 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2967 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2968 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2975 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2980 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2981 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2987 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2990 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2993 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3002 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3003 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3006 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3007 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3010 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3013 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3014 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3015 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3017 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3018 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3021 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3022 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3028 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3031 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3032 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3033 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3035 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3036 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3039 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3040 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3046 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3050 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3053 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3056 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3057 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3067 if (errno != EINVAL)
3074 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3075 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3076 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3077 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3078 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3080 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3084 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3085 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3087 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3090 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3103 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3109 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3117 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3118 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3121 if (!isempty(status)) {
3122 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3123 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3124 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3126 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3129 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3131 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3133 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3139 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3145 va_start(ap, format);
3146 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3152 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3159 const char *e, *word = format;
3164 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3175 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3184 } else if (*e == '$') {
3185 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3201 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3203 k = strappend(r, t);
3217 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3228 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3230 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3232 l = strv_length(argv);
3234 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3238 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3240 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3241 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3246 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3250 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3262 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3272 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3280 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3281 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3293 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3294 struct winsize ws = {};
3296 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3305 unsigned columns(void) {
3309 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3310 return cached_columns;
3313 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3315 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3318 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3327 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3328 struct winsize ws = {};
3330 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3339 unsigned lines(void) {
3343 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3344 return cached_lines;
3347 e = getenv("LINES");
3349 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3352 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3358 return cached_lines;
3361 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3362 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3368 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3370 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3371 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3373 return cached_on_tty;
3376 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3379 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3382 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3385 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3386 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3389 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3392 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3399 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3404 assert(percent <= 100);
3405 assert(new_length >= 3);
3407 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3408 return strndup(s, old_length);
3410 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3414 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3416 if (x > new_length - 3)
3424 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3425 new_length - x - 3);
3430 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3434 unsigned k, len, len2;
3437 assert(percent <= 100);
3438 assert(new_length >= 3);
3440 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3441 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3442 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3444 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3445 return strndup(s, old_length);
3447 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3449 if (x > new_length - 3)
3453 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3456 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3459 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3462 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3465 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3468 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3469 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3472 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3476 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3478 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3480 /* make space for ellipsis */
3481 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3484 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3485 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3490 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3491 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3495 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3499 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3504 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3505 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3508 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3509 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3515 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3517 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3522 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3527 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3528 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3533 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3534 struct timespec ts[2];
3536 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3538 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3540 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3547 int touch(const char *path) {
3548 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3551 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3555 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3556 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3557 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3564 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3565 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3570 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3571 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3574 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3586 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3590 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3598 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3602 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3608 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3619 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3633 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3634 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3635 * failed for an unknown reason.
3636 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3639 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3640 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3642 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3649 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3651 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3655 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3656 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3657 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3658 return status.si_status;
3661 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3664 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3665 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3667 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3671 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3675 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3677 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3678 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3686 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3689 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3692 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3698 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3703 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3706 return null_or_empty(&st);
3709 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3714 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3717 return null_or_empty(&st);
3720 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3724 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3726 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3739 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3743 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3745 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3746 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3751 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3752 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3755 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3759 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3760 t = new(char, enc_len);
3764 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3767 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3770 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3773 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3774 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3776 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3777 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3779 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3780 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3782 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3783 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3788 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3791 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3794 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3797 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3800 return streq(tty, "console");
3803 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3808 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3811 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3814 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3817 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3821 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3827 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3830 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3831 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3833 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3836 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3839 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3840 * /dev/console points to */
3841 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3847 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3850 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3851 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3853 tty = *active = tmp;
3860 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3861 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3865 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3868 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3869 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3874 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3877 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3880 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3883 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3886 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3889 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3890 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3891 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3897 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3900 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3901 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3902 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3905 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3908 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3911 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3917 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3918 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3920 executor_pid = fork();
3921 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3922 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3925 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3926 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3927 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3930 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3931 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3934 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3935 reset_signal_mask();
3937 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3940 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3942 if (errno == ENOENT)
3943 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3945 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3946 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3950 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
3953 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3956 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3957 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3960 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3963 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3966 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3971 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3973 } else if (pid == 0) {
3976 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3986 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3987 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3990 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3992 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3995 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4001 /* Abort execution of this process after the
4002 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
4003 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
4005 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4006 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4008 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4009 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4012 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4015 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4018 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
4021 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4024 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
4027 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4030 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4038 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4044 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4045 if (streq(i, needle))
4051 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4052 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4055 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4064 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4066 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4067 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4068 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4074 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4081 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4088 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4098 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4104 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4108 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4115 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4116 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4127 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4132 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4134 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4137 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4138 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4147 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4148 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4150 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4155 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4162 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4165 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4167 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4175 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4182 return pollfd.revents;
4185 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4194 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4198 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4204 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4217 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4220 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4226 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4227 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4229 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4233 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4236 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4240 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4241 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4242 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4244 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4247 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4248 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4249 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4251 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4256 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4257 "\033[H" /* move home */
4258 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4265 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4268 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4275 /* Try to deallocate */
4276 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4280 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4289 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4291 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4296 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4297 "\033[H" /* move home */
4298 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4305 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4306 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4311 t = tempfn_random(to);
4315 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4318 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4326 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4327 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4331 t = tempfn_random(path);
4335 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4338 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4346 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4347 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4351 t = tempfn_random(path);
4355 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4358 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4366 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4370 display[0] == ':' &&
4371 display[1] >= '0' &&
4375 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4382 if (!display_is_local(display))
4385 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4387 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4391 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4392 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4401 const char **username,
4402 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4404 const char **shell) {
4412 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4413 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4415 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4433 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4437 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4438 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4439 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4440 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4441 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4443 *username = p->pw_name;
4446 p = getpwnam(*username);
4450 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4462 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4467 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4472 return strdup("root");
4476 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4478 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4484 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4489 return strdup("root");
4493 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4495 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4501 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4507 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4508 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4510 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4511 *groupname = "root";
4519 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4524 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4527 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4531 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4539 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4541 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4543 if (getgid() == gid)
4546 if (getegid() == gid)
4549 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4550 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4552 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4554 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4558 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4565 int in_group(const char *name) {
4569 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4576 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4577 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4583 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4585 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4587 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4590 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4592 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4595 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4596 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4601 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4603 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4605 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4607 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4608 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4610 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4611 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4619 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4625 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4628 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4632 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4633 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4634 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4635 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4636 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4637 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4638 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4644 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4645 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4646 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4647 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4651 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4652 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4664 if (!de && errno != 0)
4669 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4671 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4675 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4676 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4679 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4690 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4696 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4710 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4715 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4739 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4753 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4754 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4756 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4757 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4762 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4769 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4770 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4773 r = access(p, F_OK);
4781 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4782 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4785 r = access(p, F_OK);
4791 /* Get parent dev_t */
4792 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4795 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4801 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4807 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4808 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4811 r = access(p, F_OK);
4815 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4822 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4827 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4831 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4832 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4835 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4836 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4837 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4838 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4839 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4842 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4844 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4845 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4846 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4847 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4848 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4849 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4850 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4853 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4855 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4856 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4857 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4858 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4859 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4860 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4861 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4862 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4863 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4864 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4865 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4866 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4867 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4868 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4869 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4870 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4871 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4872 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4873 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4874 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4875 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4878 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4880 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4881 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4882 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4883 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4885 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4886 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4887 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4888 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4891 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4893 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4894 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4895 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4896 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4897 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4901 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4903 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4904 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4905 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4906 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4907 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4908 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4909 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4910 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4911 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4912 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4913 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4914 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4915 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4916 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4917 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4918 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4919 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4922 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4924 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4925 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4926 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4927 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4928 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4931 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4933 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4950 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4961 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4963 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4969 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4971 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4972 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4975 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4979 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4980 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4982 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4987 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4992 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4996 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5000 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5001 signo = (int) u + offset;
5002 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5008 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5009 bool loaded = false;
5012 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5020 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5022 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5031 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5038 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5041 static const struct {
5045 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5046 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5047 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5048 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5049 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5053 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5055 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5058 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5059 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5066 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5074 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5087 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5089 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5091 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5092 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5095 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5098 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5099 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5105 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5107 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5109 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5110 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5113 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5116 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5117 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5122 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5123 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5124 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5125 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5133 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5136 parent_pid = getpid();
5138 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5139 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5140 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5141 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5142 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5145 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5146 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5150 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5151 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5158 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5159 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5160 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5162 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5163 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5164 * SIGTERM or so... */
5165 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5166 reset_signal_mask();
5168 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5169 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5170 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5171 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5173 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5174 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5176 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5177 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5179 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5182 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5183 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5184 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5185 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5186 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5187 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5188 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5189 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5191 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5192 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5196 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5199 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5205 /* Count arguments */
5207 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5212 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5214 /* Fill in arguments */
5216 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5217 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5221 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5224 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5225 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5229 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5235 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5236 * to get as close as we can */
5237 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5239 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5240 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5242 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5248 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5249 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5260 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5262 f = fopen(path, "re");
5270 char line[LINE_MAX];
5273 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5277 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5287 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5288 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5302 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5305 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5308 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5311 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5314 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5317 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5323 bool in_initrd(void) {
5324 static int saved = -1;
5330 /* We make two checks here:
5332 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5333 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5335 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5336 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5337 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5340 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5341 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5342 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5347 void warn_melody(void) {
5348 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5350 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5354 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5356 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5357 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5359 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5360 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5362 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5363 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5365 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5368 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5371 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5373 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5375 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5381 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5388 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5396 /* Take the user specified one */
5397 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5398 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5407 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5410 h = strdup("/root");
5418 /* Check the database... */
5422 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5424 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5427 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5435 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5443 /* Take the user specified one */
5444 e = getenv("SHELL");
5454 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5457 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5465 /* Check the database... */
5469 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5471 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5474 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5482 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5496 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5502 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5508 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5509 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5512 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5520 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5521 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5523 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5528 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5529 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5532 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5542 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5547 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5550 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5553 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5554 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5557 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5563 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5564 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5565 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5574 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5575 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5578 else if (comparison > 0)
5586 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5588 static int cached_answer = -1;
5590 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5593 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5594 cached_answer = true;
5598 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5600 cached_answer = true;
5604 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5605 cached_answer = true;
5609 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5610 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5611 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5613 cached_answer = true;
5617 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5621 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5622 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5626 return (bool) cached_answer;
5629 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5630 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5633 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5634 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5635 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5636 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5637 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5638 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5639 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5640 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5643 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5644 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5645 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5646 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5647 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5648 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5649 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5650 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5655 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5658 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5661 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5667 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5668 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5681 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5687 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5688 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5696 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5708 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5709 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5714 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5716 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5722 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5724 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5726 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5730 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5735 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5737 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5738 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5739 else if (*i == '\t')
5746 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5749 } else if (*i == '[') {
5750 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5755 state = STATE_OTHER;
5762 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5763 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5766 state = STATE_OTHER;
5768 } else if (*i == 'm')
5769 state = STATE_OTHER;
5791 int on_ac_power(void) {
5792 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5793 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5795 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5801 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5807 if (!de && errno != 0)
5813 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5816 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5818 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5824 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5826 if (errno == ENOENT)
5832 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5836 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5840 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5842 if (errno == ENOENT)
5848 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5852 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5855 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5856 found_online = true;
5858 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5859 found_offline = true;
5864 return found_online || !found_offline;
5867 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5874 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5877 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5878 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5882 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5884 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5894 if (errno != ENOENT)
5901 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5902 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5908 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5911 f = fopen(path, mode);
5920 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5924 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5927 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5928 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5930 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5933 f = fopen(path, mode);
5942 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5946 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5949 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5956 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5963 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5968 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5977 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5987 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6001 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6009 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6013 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6020 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6027 if (*allocated >= need)
6030 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6031 a = newalloc * size;
6033 /* check for overflows */
6034 if (a < size * need)
6042 *allocated = newalloc;
6046 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6055 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6059 if (*allocated > prev)
6060 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6065 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6071 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6073 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6076 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6077 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6078 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6082 } else if (l == 36) {
6084 /* Formatted UUID */
6086 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6089 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6093 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6094 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6095 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6106 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6121 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6125 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6137 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6138 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6139 const char *word, *state;
6143 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6146 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6151 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6159 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6163 k = parse_boolean(e);
6171 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6174 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6175 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6178 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6182 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6191 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6198 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6199 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6200 const char *w, *state;
6206 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6208 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6212 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6213 char word[l+1], *value;
6218 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6220 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6223 value = strchr(word, '=');
6227 r = parse_item(word, value);
6235 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6236 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6244 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6245 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6253 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6256 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6266 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6267 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6275 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6276 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6284 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6285 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6293 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6294 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6302 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6303 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6309 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6312 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6315 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6320 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6325 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6328 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6332 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6336 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6340 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6343 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6347 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6350 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6353 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6359 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6360 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6365 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6368 return errno != ESRCH;
6371 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6374 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6379 r = get_process_state(pid);
6380 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6386 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6387 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6394 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6398 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6401 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6402 * to namespacing issues */
6410 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6422 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6426 if (errno != ERANGE)
6433 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6449 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6450 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6451 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6458 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6465 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6472 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6473 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6478 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6479 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6481 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6489 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6492 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6495 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6496 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6498 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6499 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6501 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6502 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6507 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6509 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6510 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6511 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6512 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6513 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6514 * used by libseccomp. */
6516 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6518 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6521 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6524 #elif defined(__i386__)
6526 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6530 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6531 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6532 * as error indicator. */
6533 return 0xffffffffUL;
6536 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6538 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6540 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6546 #elif defined(__i386__)
6555 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6558 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6559 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6561 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6564 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6567 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6569 struct mntent me = {
6570 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6575 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6581 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6584 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6585 const uint8_t *b = p;
6588 assert(s == 0 || b);
6593 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6595 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6600 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6608 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6613 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6627 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6632 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6634 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6635 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6637 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6642 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6646 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6647 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6648 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6651 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6656 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6657 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6661 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6664 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6665 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6666 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6667 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6668 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6669 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6670 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6671 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6672 "- " /* (8) separator */
6673 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6674 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6675 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6676 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6685 p = cunescape(path);
6689 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6692 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6708 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6709 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6710 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6713 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6714 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6715 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6716 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6717 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6718 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6719 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6720 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6721 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6722 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6723 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6724 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6725 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6727 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6731 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6733 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6738 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6739 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6740 bool top_autofs = false;
6743 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6747 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6748 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6752 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6755 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6756 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6757 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6758 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6759 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6760 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6761 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6762 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6763 "- " /* (8) separator */
6764 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6765 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6766 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6767 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6777 p = cunescape(path);
6781 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6782 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6783 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6784 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6785 * already triggered, then we will find
6786 * another entry for this. */
6787 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6788 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6792 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6793 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6795 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6805 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6806 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6808 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6809 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6812 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6813 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6814 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6815 * mount, make it one. */
6816 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6819 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6822 x = strdup(cleaned);
6826 r = set_consume(done, x);
6831 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6833 r = set_consume(done, x);
6839 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6841 /* Deal with mount points that are
6842 * obstructed by a later mount */
6844 if (errno != ENOENT)
6852 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6859 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6864 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6871 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6878 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6883 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6892 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6899 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6902 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6903 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6912 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6913 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6916 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
6917 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6919 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6920 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6921 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
6922 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
6923 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6924 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6925 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6926 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6929 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6931 struct flock flock = {
6933 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6941 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6942 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6943 * our own trivial version of this.
6945 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6946 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6947 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6948 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6949 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6952 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6954 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6956 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6960 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
6969 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
6972 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
6975 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
6978 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
6982 if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
6985 if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
6989 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
6992 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret) {
6993 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
6994 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7001 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7003 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7011 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7012 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7013 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7014 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7024 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7034 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7036 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7038 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7039 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7042 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7054 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7068 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7070 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7078 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7082 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7086 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7095 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7097 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7105 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7109 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7113 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7119 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7141 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7146 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7147 * quotes if necessary. */
7151 /* Count how many words are expected */
7154 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7163 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7164 l = newa0(char*, n);
7165 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7167 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c]);
7171 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7181 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7184 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7187 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7197 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7202 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7203 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7218 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7220 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7224 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7231 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));