1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #include <sys/capability.h>
66 #include "path-util.h"
67 #include "exit-status.h"
71 char **saved_argv = NULL;
73 size_t page_size(void) {
74 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
77 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
80 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
87 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
89 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
100 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
103 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
105 return timespec_load(&ts);
108 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
111 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
112 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
117 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
126 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
128 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
130 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
131 ts->monotonic -= delta;
139 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
143 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
144 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
147 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
150 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
151 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
156 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
160 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
161 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
164 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
167 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
168 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
173 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
180 pl = strlen(postfix);
188 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
191 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
206 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
209 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
225 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
226 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
233 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
248 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
252 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
255 int close_nointr(int fd) {
270 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
271 int saved_errno = errno;
273 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
276 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
281 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
284 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
285 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
288 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
291 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
293 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
299 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
300 unsigned long ul = 0;
307 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
312 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
322 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
323 unsigned long ul = 0;
330 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
335 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
342 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
350 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
352 if (!x || *x || errno)
353 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
355 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
358 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
362 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
370 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
372 if (!x || *x || errno)
373 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
375 if ((long) (int) l != l)
382 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
384 unsigned long long l;
390 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
392 if (!x || *x || errno)
393 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
399 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
407 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
409 if (!x || *x || errno)
410 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
416 /* Split a string into words. */
417 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
420 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
422 if (!*current || *c == 0)
425 current += strspn(current, separator);
426 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
429 return (char*) current;
432 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
433 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
434 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
436 bool escaped = false;
438 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
440 if (!*current || *c == 0)
443 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
445 if (*current == '\'') {
448 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
458 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
459 } else if (*current == '\"') {
462 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
472 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
474 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
479 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
486 return (char*) current;
489 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
492 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
498 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
501 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
504 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
505 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
512 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
513 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
514 * skip over it manually */
516 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
527 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
530 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
535 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
538 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
543 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
546 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
549 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
550 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
557 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
558 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
559 * skip over it manually */
561 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
582 "%*d " /* priority */
584 "%*d " /* num_threads */
585 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
586 "%llu " /* starttime */,
593 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
605 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
610 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
628 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
633 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
639 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
647 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
651 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
654 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
659 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
670 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
686 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
689 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
698 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
724 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
731 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
734 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
740 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) {
745 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
752 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
758 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
773 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
797 const char *separator, ...) {
800 char *contents = NULL, *p;
805 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
810 const char *key = NULL;
812 p += strspn(p, separator);
813 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
818 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
822 va_start(ap, separator);
823 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
827 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
830 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
835 n = strcspn(p, separator);
838 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
840 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
851 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
868 p += strcspn(p, separator);
887 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
891 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
894 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
907 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
910 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
911 log_error("Out of memory");
916 t = strv_append(m, u);
920 log_error("Out of memory");
943 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
948 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
952 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
968 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
983 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
986 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
990 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
996 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
999 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1002 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
1009 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
1016 assert(max_length > 0);
1020 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1023 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1033 r = new(char, max_length);
1041 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1063 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1064 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1071 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1081 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1085 r = join("[", t, "]", NULL);
1096 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1106 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1115 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1119 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1122 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1127 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1133 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1136 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1139 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1146 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1156 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1166 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1168 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1178 if (startswith(l, "Uid:")) {
1180 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1182 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1184 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1197 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1205 return strndup(suffix, b);
1215 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1219 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1225 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1226 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1229 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1239 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1242 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1248 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1259 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1266 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1269 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1279 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1286 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1290 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1297 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1302 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1305 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1306 struct sigaction sa;
1308 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1312 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1313 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1315 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1316 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1317 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1318 if (errno != EINVAL)
1325 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1328 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1329 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1331 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1333 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1334 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1342 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1345 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1347 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1348 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1359 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1365 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1366 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1372 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1379 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1380 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1383 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1384 return strdup(filename);
1386 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1387 return strdup(filename);
1389 k = strlen(filename);
1390 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1393 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1394 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1399 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1408 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1409 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1415 /* Skip last component */
1416 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1419 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1420 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1426 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1429 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1438 if (errno != ENOENT)
1446 char hexchar(int x) {
1447 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1449 return table[x & 15];
1452 int unhexchar(char c) {
1454 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1457 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1458 return c - 'a' + 10;
1460 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1461 return c - 'A' + 10;
1466 char octchar(int x) {
1467 return '0' + (x & 7);
1470 int unoctchar(char c) {
1472 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1478 char decchar(int x) {
1479 return '0' + (x % 10);
1482 int undecchar(char c) {
1484 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1490 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1496 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1498 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1502 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1548 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1549 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1550 * g_strescape() does the same */
1551 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1553 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1554 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1555 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1566 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1572 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1574 r = new(char, length+1);
1578 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1621 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1626 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1629 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1630 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1632 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1633 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1637 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1652 /* octal encoding */
1655 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1656 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1657 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1659 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1660 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1664 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1672 /* premature end of string.*/
1677 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1689 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1690 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1693 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1697 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1698 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1701 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1704 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1706 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1707 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1710 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1711 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1721 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1727 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1728 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1730 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1733 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1735 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1736 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1737 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1739 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1740 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1750 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1755 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1758 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1763 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1764 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1765 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1768 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1780 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1785 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1786 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1787 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1792 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1796 filename[0] == '.' ||
1797 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1798 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1799 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1800 endswith(filename, "~") ||
1801 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1802 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1803 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1804 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1805 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1806 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1809 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1814 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1818 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1820 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1822 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1828 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1833 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1837 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1839 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1841 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1847 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1850 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1852 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1859 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1864 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1866 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1871 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1872 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1875 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1876 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1878 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1881 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1882 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1889 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1892 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1895 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1896 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1905 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1908 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1909 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1910 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1919 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1922 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1923 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1930 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1940 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1942 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1948 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1951 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1953 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1958 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1959 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1960 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1961 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1962 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1963 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1964 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1965 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1966 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1967 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1968 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1969 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1970 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1971 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1972 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1973 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1974 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1975 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1976 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1977 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1978 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1979 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1980 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1981 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1982 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1983 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1984 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1985 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1986 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1987 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1988 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1989 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1990 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1991 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1992 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1993 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1994 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1996 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1997 (unsigned long long) d);
1999 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2005 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2006 static const struct {
2010 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2011 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2012 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2013 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2014 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2015 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2025 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2029 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2034 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2036 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2040 if (t < table[i].usec)
2046 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2047 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2060 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2061 static const char * const table[] = {
2073 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2074 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2083 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2088 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2092 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) {
2097 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2100 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2104 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2108 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2109 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2111 char line[LINE_MAX];
2116 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2117 new_termios = old_termios;
2119 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2120 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2121 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2123 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2126 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2127 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2128 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2133 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2135 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2141 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2148 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2149 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2152 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2157 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2167 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2174 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2180 bool need_nl = true;
2183 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2190 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2194 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2197 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2198 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2209 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2214 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2218 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2219 struct termios termios;
2222 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2226 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2227 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2228 * interfere with that. */
2230 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2231 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2233 /* Switch to text mode */
2235 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2237 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2238 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2240 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2245 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2246 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2247 * else will do that for us */
2249 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2250 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2251 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2252 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2253 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2255 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2256 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2257 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2258 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2259 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2260 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2261 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2262 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2263 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2264 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2265 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2266 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2267 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2269 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2270 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2272 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2276 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2277 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2282 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2285 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2289 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2290 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2295 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2300 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2301 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2302 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2303 * retrying a couple of times.
2305 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2309 if ((fd = open(name, mode)) >= 0)
2318 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2325 if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
2326 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2331 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2338 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2339 struct pollfd pollfd;
2343 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2350 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2361 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2366 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2377 int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) {
2378 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2382 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2383 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2384 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2386 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2387 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2388 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2389 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2390 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2391 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2392 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2393 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2395 if (!fail && !force) {
2396 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2401 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
2409 if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
2412 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2413 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2414 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2415 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2418 /* First, try to get the tty */
2419 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2421 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2422 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2423 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2424 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2427 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2437 assert(notify >= 0);
2440 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2442 struct inotify_event *e;
2444 if ((l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) {
2453 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2458 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2463 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2464 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2466 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2473 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2474 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2475 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2476 * an endless loop. */
2477 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2481 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2483 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2485 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2491 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2494 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2499 int release_terminal(void) {
2501 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2503 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2506 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2507 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2510 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2511 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2512 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2514 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2517 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2519 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2523 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2528 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2529 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2536 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2537 struct sigaction sa;
2542 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2543 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2545 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2549 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2550 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2557 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2558 struct sigaction sa;
2563 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2564 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2566 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2570 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2571 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2578 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2584 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2589 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2593 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2596 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2605 while (nbytes > 0) {
2608 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2610 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2613 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2614 struct pollfd pollfd;
2618 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2620 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2624 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2627 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2628 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2633 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2644 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2653 while (nbytes > 0) {
2656 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2659 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2662 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2663 struct pollfd pollfd;
2667 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2669 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2673 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2676 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2677 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2682 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2693 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2694 static const struct {
2698 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2699 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2700 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2701 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2702 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2703 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2704 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2705 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2706 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2707 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2710 { "", USEC_PER_SEC },
2726 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2737 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2739 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2740 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2741 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2742 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2746 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2756 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2757 static const struct {
2763 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2764 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2765 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2766 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2767 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2784 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2795 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2797 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2798 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2799 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2800 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2804 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2814 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2819 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2820 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2821 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2824 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2826 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2829 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2830 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2831 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2836 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2839 if ((null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2842 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2845 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2847 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2848 * sysfs or in /dev */
2851 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2852 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2855 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2858 struct dirent buf, *de;
2860 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
2864 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
2874 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
2884 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2889 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2892 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2893 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2895 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2901 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2904 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2907 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2908 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2909 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2910 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2911 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2912 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2915 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2917 if (program_invocation_name)
2918 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2920 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2924 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2926 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2930 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2935 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2942 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2943 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2947 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2950 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2953 return strdup(u.nodename);
2955 return strdup(u.sysname);
2958 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2962 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2965 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2970 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2972 return strdup("root");
2974 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
2977 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
2980 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
2981 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
2988 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2994 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2995 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3000 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3005 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3012 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3016 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3019 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3021 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3028 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3030 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3031 unsigned long ttynr;
3034 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3037 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3042 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3043 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3050 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3060 "%*d " /* session */
3069 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3071 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3076 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3080 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3083 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3088 /* This is an ugly hack */
3089 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3090 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3100 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3101 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3102 * vaguely useful. */
3104 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3114 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3116 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3134 static int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky) {
3140 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3145 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3147 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3151 struct dirent buf, *de;
3152 bool is_dir, keep_around = false;
3155 r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de);
3156 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
3164 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3167 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3170 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3171 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3178 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3179 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3181 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3184 if (honour_sticky) {
3187 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3188 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3194 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3195 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3198 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3204 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3205 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3206 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3211 r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky);
3212 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3216 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3217 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3221 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3223 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3224 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3235 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3241 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3244 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3247 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3248 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3254 r = rm_rf_children(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky);
3258 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3261 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3270 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3273 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3274 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3275 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3277 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3278 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3281 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3282 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3288 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3291 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3292 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3293 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3295 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3298 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3304 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3308 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3311 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3314 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3315 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3325 if (errno != EINVAL)
3332 void status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3334 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3336 struct iovec iovec[5];
3341 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3342 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3344 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3347 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3360 sl = status ? strlen(status_indent) : 0;
3366 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3376 if (!isempty(status)) {
3377 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3378 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3379 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3381 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3384 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3385 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3387 writev(fd, iovec, n);
3393 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3396 void status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3401 va_start(ap, format);
3402 status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3406 void status_welcome(void) {
3407 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3408 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3411 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3412 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3413 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3417 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3420 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3421 const_pretty = "Linux";
3423 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3428 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3429 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3430 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3436 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3443 const char *e, *word = format;
3448 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3459 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3468 } else if (*e == '$') {
3469 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3485 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3488 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3501 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3512 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3514 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3516 l = strv_length(argv);
3518 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3521 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3523 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3524 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3529 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3531 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3542 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3551 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3559 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3560 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3570 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3574 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3583 unsigned columns(void) {
3584 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3587 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0))
3588 return parsed_columns;
3590 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3592 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3594 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3595 parsed_columns = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3597 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3598 parsed_columns = 80;
3600 return parsed_columns;
3603 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3607 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3616 unsigned lines(void) {
3617 static __thread int parsed_lines = 0;
3620 if (_likely_(parsed_lines > 0))
3621 return parsed_lines;
3623 e = getenv("LINES");
3625 parsed_lines = atoi(e);
3627 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3628 parsed_lines = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3630 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3633 return parsed_lines;
3636 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3642 /* Only works as root */
3644 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3647 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3651 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3652 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3655 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3660 assert(percent <= 100);
3661 assert(new_length >= 3);
3663 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3664 return strndup(s, old_length);
3666 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3670 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3672 if (x > new_length - 3)
3680 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3681 new_length - x - 3);
3686 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3687 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3690 int touch(const char *path) {
3695 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
3698 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3702 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3710 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3711 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3716 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3717 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3722 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3728 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3731 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3736 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3744 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
3753 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3764 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3776 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3783 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
3784 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3788 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3789 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3790 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3791 return status.si_status;
3794 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3797 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3798 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3800 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3804 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3809 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3811 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3812 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3820 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3823 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3826 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3832 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3837 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3840 return null_or_empty(&st);
3843 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3847 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
3850 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
3851 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3858 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3862 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
3863 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3864 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3869 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
3875 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
3878 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
3880 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
3881 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
3884 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
3885 unsigned long long a, b;
3890 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
3891 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
3898 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3902 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3903 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3905 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
3907 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
3910 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3916 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
3925 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
3927 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
3930 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3936 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
3948 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3951 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3954 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3957 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3960 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3963 return streq(tty, "console");
3966 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3971 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3974 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3977 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3980 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3984 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3990 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3991 char *active = NULL;
3996 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3999 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
4000 * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
4001 * for container setups) */
4002 if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
4003 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4004 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4005 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4006 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4019 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4022 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4025 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4028 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4031 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4032 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4033 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4039 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4042 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4045 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4048 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4051 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4055 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4056 * until all they all finished. */
4059 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4061 if (errno == ENOENT)
4064 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4071 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4072 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4076 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4081 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4084 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4085 log_error("Out of memory");
4089 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4090 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4108 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4109 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4112 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4114 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4115 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4120 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4121 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4126 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4131 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4135 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4136 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4137 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4138 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4140 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4142 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4153 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4156 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4159 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4167 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4173 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4174 if (streq(i, needle))
4180 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4181 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4184 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p, int *priority) {
4185 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
4195 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
4198 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
4199 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4201 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
4202 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4203 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4205 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
4206 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4207 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4208 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
4213 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0)
4216 *priority = a*100+b*10+c;
4220 void skip_syslog_pid(char **buf) {
4232 p += strspn(p, "0123456789");
4242 void skip_syslog_date(char **buf) {
4250 LETTER, LETTER, LETTER,
4252 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4254 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4256 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4258 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4270 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(sequence); i++, p++) {
4275 switch (sequence[i]) {
4282 case SPACE_OR_NUMBER:
4289 if (*p < '0' || *p > '9')
4295 if (!(*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') &&
4296 !(*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z'))
4312 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4321 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4323 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4324 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4325 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4331 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4337 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4338 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4341 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4347 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4350 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4351 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4352 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4353 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4361 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4365 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4366 struct pollfd pollfd;
4371 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4373 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4380 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4383 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4384 struct pollfd pollfd;
4389 pollfd.events = event;
4391 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4398 return pollfd.revents;
4401 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4412 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4416 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4420 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4422 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4428 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4441 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4444 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4450 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4453 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4457 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4458 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4463 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4467 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4468 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4469 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4471 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4474 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4475 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4476 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4478 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4483 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4484 "\033[H" /* move home */
4485 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4487 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4492 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4495 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4502 /* Try to deallocate */
4503 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4507 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4508 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4516 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4518 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4523 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4524 "\033[H" /* move home */
4525 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4527 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4532 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4538 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4542 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4544 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4552 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4556 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4567 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4569 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4571 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4579 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4580 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4590 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from, const char *to) {
4591 char *pf = NULL, *pt = NULL;
4598 if (path_get_parent(from, &pf) < 0 ||
4599 path_get_parent(to, &pt) < 0) {
4604 if (stat(pf, &a) < 0 ||
4610 if (a.st_dev != b.st_dev) {
4614 return copy_file(from, to);
4617 if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
4631 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4635 unsigned long long ull;
4642 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4646 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4650 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4653 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4654 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4660 r = symlink_or_copy(from, t);
4667 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4678 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4682 display[0] == ':' &&
4683 display[1] >= '0' &&
4687 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4694 if (!display_is_local(display))
4697 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4699 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4703 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4704 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4712 int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
4719 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4720 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4722 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4736 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4740 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4741 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4742 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4743 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4744 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4746 *username = p->pw_name;
4749 p = getpwnam(*username);
4753 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4767 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4773 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4774 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4776 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4777 *groupname = "root";
4785 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4790 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4793 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4797 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4805 int in_group(const char *name) {
4807 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4809 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4813 if (getgid() == gid)
4816 if (getegid() == gid)
4819 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4820 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4822 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4824 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4828 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4835 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4843 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4845 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4847 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4850 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4852 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4859 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4865 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4868 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4872 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4873 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4874 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4875 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4876 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4877 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4878 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4884 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4888 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4894 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4895 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4906 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4914 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4915 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4923 struct dirent buffer, *de;
4926 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
4935 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4937 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4941 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4945 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4954 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4956 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
4980 char *join(const char *x, ...) {
4993 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5016 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5030 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5031 static __thread int cached = 0;
5033 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5034 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5039 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5046 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5047 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5050 r = access(p, F_OK);
5058 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5059 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5062 r = access(p, F_OK);
5068 /* Get parent dev_t */
5069 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5072 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5078 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5084 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5085 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5088 r = access(p, F_OK);
5092 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5099 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5104 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5108 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5109 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5112 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5113 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5114 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5115 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5116 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5119 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5121 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5122 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5123 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5124 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5125 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5126 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5127 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5130 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5132 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5133 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5134 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5135 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5136 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5137 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5138 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5139 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5140 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5141 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5142 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5143 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5144 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5145 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5146 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5147 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5148 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5149 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5150 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5151 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5152 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5155 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5157 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5158 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5159 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5160 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5162 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5163 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5164 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5165 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5168 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5170 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5171 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5172 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5173 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5174 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5178 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5180 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5181 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5182 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5183 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5184 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5185 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5186 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5187 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5188 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5189 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5190 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5191 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5192 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5193 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5194 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5195 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5196 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5199 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5201 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5202 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5203 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5204 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5205 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5208 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5210 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5227 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5238 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5240 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5246 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5248 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5249 static __thread char buf[12];
5252 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5256 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5257 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5259 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5264 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5269 signo =__signal_from_string(s);
5273 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5277 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5278 signo = (int) u + offset;
5279 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5285 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5286 bool loaded = false;
5289 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5297 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5315 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5317 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5326 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5333 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5336 static const struct {
5340 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5341 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5342 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5343 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5344 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5348 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5350 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5353 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5354 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5361 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5369 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5382 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5384 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5386 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5388 l == sizeof(value) &&
5389 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5393 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5400 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5402 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5404 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5406 l == sizeof(value) &&
5407 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5411 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5418 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5419 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5421 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5429 parent_pid = getpid();
5431 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5438 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5445 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5446 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5447 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5449 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5450 * to set the death signal */
5451 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5452 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5454 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5455 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5457 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5458 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5460 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5461 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5462 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5463 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5464 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5465 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5466 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5467 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5468 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5470 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5471 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5475 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5478 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5484 /* Count arguments */
5486 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5491 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5493 /* Fill in arguments */
5495 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5496 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5500 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5503 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5504 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5508 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5514 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5515 * to get as close as we can */
5516 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5518 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5519 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5521 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5527 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5528 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5540 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5543 f = fopen(path, "re");
5551 char line[LINE_MAX];
5554 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5558 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5568 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5569 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5589 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5590 char *p, *w, *state;
5597 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5599 return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
5603 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) {
5604 if (l == k && strncmp(w, type, l) == 0) {