1 # -*- Mode: python; coding:utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
3 # This file is part of systemd.
5 # Copyright 2012 David Strauss <david@davidstrauss.net>
6 # Copyright 2012 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek <zbyszek@in.waw.pl>
7 # Copyright 2012 Marti Raudsepp <marti@juffo.org>
9 # systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
10 # under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
11 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
12 # (at your option) any later version.
14 # systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
15 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
16 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
17 # Lesser General Public License for more details.
19 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
20 # along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
23 import datetime as _datetime
24 import functools as _functools
26 import traceback as _traceback
28 from os import SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END
29 import logging as _logging
30 if _sys.version_info >= (3,):
31 from collections import ChainMap
32 from syslog import (LOG_EMERG, LOG_ALERT, LOG_CRIT, LOG_ERR,
33 LOG_WARNING, LOG_NOTICE, LOG_INFO, LOG_DEBUG)
34 from ._journal import sendv, stream_fd
35 from ._reader import (_Journal, NOP, APPEND, INVALIDATE,
36 LOCAL_ONLY, RUNTIME_ONLY, SYSTEM_ONLY)
37 from . import id128 as _id128
39 _MONOTONIC_CONVERTER = lambda x: _datetime.timedelta(microseconds=float(x))
40 _REALTIME_CONVERTER = lambda x: _datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(float(x)/1E6)
41 DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = {
42 'MESSAGE_ID': _uuid.UUID,
43 '_MACHINE_ID': _uuid.UUID,
44 '_BOOT_ID': _uuid.UUID,
48 'USERSPACE_USEC': int,
54 'SYSLOG_FACILITY': int,
56 '_AUDIT_SESSION': int,
57 '_AUDIT_LOGINUID': int,
58 '_SYSTEMD_SESSION': int,
59 '_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID': int,
63 '_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP': _REALTIME_CONVERTER,
64 '__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP': _REALTIME_CONVERTER,
65 '_SOURCE_MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP': _MONOTONIC_CONVERTER,
66 '__MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP': _MONOTONIC_CONVERTER,
71 'COREDUMP_SESSION': int,
72 'COREDUMP_SIGNAL': int,
73 'COREDUMP_TIMESTAMP': _REALTIME_CONVERTER,
76 if _sys.version_info >= (3,):
77 _convert_unicode = _functools.partial(str, encoding='utf-8')
79 _convert_unicode = _functools.partial(unicode, encoding='utf-8')
81 class Journal(_Journal):
82 """Journal allows the access and filtering of systemd journal
83 entries. Note that in order to access the system journal, a
84 non-root user must be in the `adm` group.
86 Example usage to print out all error or higher level messages
87 for systemd-udevd for the boot:
89 >>> myjournal = journal.Journal()
90 >>> myjournal.add_boot_match(journal.CURRENT_BOOT)
91 >>> myjournal.add_loglevel_matches(journal.LOG_ERR)
92 >>> myjournal.add_match(_SYSTEMD_UNIT="systemd-udevd.service")
93 >>> from __future__ import print_function
94 >>> for entry in myjournal:
95 ... print(entry['MESSAGE'])
97 See man page "systemd.journal-fields" for more info on
98 typical fields found in the journal.
100 def __init__(self, converters=None, flags=LOCAL_ONLY, path=None):
101 """Creates instance of Journal, which allows filtering and
102 return of journal entries.
103 Argument `converters` is a dictionary which updates the
104 DEFAULT_CONVERTERS to convert journal field values.
105 Argument `flags` sets open flags of the journal, which can be one
106 of, or ORed combination of constants: LOCAL_ONLY (default) opens
107 journal on local machine only; RUNTIME_ONLY opens only
108 volatile journal files; and SYSTEM_ONLY opens only
109 journal files of system services and the kernel.
110 Argument `path` is the directory of journal files. Note that
111 currently flags are ignored when `path` is present as they are
112 currently not relevant.
114 super(Journal, self).__init__(flags, path)
115 if _sys.version_info >= (3,3):
116 self.converters = ChainMap()
117 if converters is not None:
118 self.converters.maps.append(converters)
119 self.converters.maps.append(DEFAULT_CONVERTERS)
121 self.converters = DEFAULT_CONVERTERS.copy()
122 if converters is not None:
123 self.converters.update(converters)
125 def _convert_field(self, key, value):
126 """ Convert value based on callable from self.converters
127 based of field/key"""
129 result = self.converters[key](value)
131 # Default conversion in unicode
133 result = _convert_unicode(value)
134 except UnicodeDecodeError:
135 # Leave in default bytes
139 def _convert_entry(self, entry):
140 """ Convert entire journal entry utilising _covert_field"""
142 for key, value in entry.items():
143 if isinstance(value, list):
144 result[key] = [self._convert_field(key, val) for val in value]
146 result[key] = self._convert_field(key, value)
149 def add_match(self, *args, **kwargs):
150 """Add one or more matches to the filter journal log entries.
151 All matches of different field are combined in a logical AND,
152 and matches of the smae field are automatically combined in a
154 Matches can be passed as strings of form "field=value", or
155 keyword arguments field="value"."""
157 args.extend(_make_line(key, val) for key, val in kwargs.items())
159 super(Journal, self).add_match(arg)
161 def get_next(self, skip=1):
162 """Return dictionary of the next log entry. Optional skip value
163 will return the `skip`th log entry.
164 Returned will be journal entry dictionary processed with
166 return self._convert_entry(
167 super(Journal, self).get_next(skip))
169 def query_unique(self, field):
170 """Returns a set of unique values in journal for given `field`,
171 processed with converters.
172 Note this does not respect any journal matches."""
173 return set(self._convert_field(field, value)
174 for value in super(Journal, self).query_unique(field))
176 def seek_realtime(self, realtime):
177 """Seek to nearest matching journal entry to `realtime`.
178 Argument `realtime` can must be either an integer unix timestamp
179 or datetime.datetime instance."""
180 if isinstance(realtime, _datetime.datetime):
181 realtime = float(realtime.strftime("%s.%f"))
182 return super(Journal, self).seek_realtime(realtime)
184 def seek_monotonic(self, monotonic, bootid=None):
185 """Seek to nearest matching journal entry to `monotonic`.
186 Argument `monotonic` is a timestamp from boot in either seconds
187 or a datetime.timedelta instance.
188 Argument `bootid` is a string or UUID representing which boot the
189 monotonic time is reference to. Defaults to current bootid."""
190 if isinstance(monotonic, _datetime.timedelta):
191 monotonic = monotonic.totalseconds()
192 if isinstance(bootid, _uuid.UUID):
193 bootid = bootid.get_hex()
194 return super(Journal, self).seek_monotonic(monotonic, bootid)
196 def log_level(self, level):
197 """Sets maximum log `level` by setting matches for PRIORITY."""
199 for i in range(level+1):
200 self.add_match(PRIORITY="%s" % i)
202 raise ValueError("Log level must be 0 <= level <= 7")
204 def messageid_match(self, messageid):
205 """Sets match filter for log entries for specified `messageid`.
206 `messageid` can be string or UUID instance.
207 Standard message IDs can be found in systemd.id128
208 Equivalent to add_match(MESSAGE_ID=`messageid`)."""
209 if isinstance(messageid, _uuid.UUID):
210 messageid = messageid.get_hex()
211 self.add_match(MESSAGE_ID=messageid)
213 def this_boot(self, bootid=None):
214 """Add match for _BOOT_ID equal to current boot ID or the specified boot ID.
216 If specified, bootid should be either a UUID or a 32 digit hex number.
218 Equivalent to add_match(_BOOT_ID='bootid').
221 bootid = _id128.get_boot().hex
223 bootid = getattr(bootid, 'hex', bootid)
224 self.add_match(_BOOT_ID=bootid)
226 def this_machine(self, machineid=None):
227 """Add match for _MACHINE_ID equal to the ID of this machine.
229 If specified, machineid should be either a UUID or a 32 digit hex number.
231 Equivalent to add_match(_MACHINE_ID='machineid').
233 if machineid is None:
234 machineid = _id128.get_machine().hex
236 machineid = getattr(machineid, 'hex', machineid)
237 self.add_match(_MACHINE_ID=machineid)
240 def _make_line(field, value):
241 if isinstance(value, bytes):
242 return field.encode('utf-8') + b'=' + value
244 return field + '=' + value
246 def send(MESSAGE, MESSAGE_ID=None,
247 CODE_FILE=None, CODE_LINE=None, CODE_FUNC=None,
249 r"""Send a message to the journal.
251 >>> journal.send('Hello world')
252 >>> journal.send('Hello, again, world', FIELD2='Greetings!')
253 >>> journal.send('Binary message', BINARY=b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef')
255 Value of the MESSAGE argument will be used for the MESSAGE=
256 field. MESSAGE must be a string and will be sent as UTF-8 to
259 MESSAGE_ID can be given to uniquely identify the type of
260 message. It must be a string or a uuid.UUID object.
262 CODE_LINE, CODE_FILE, and CODE_FUNC can be specified to
263 identify the caller. Unless at least on of the three is given,
264 values are extracted from the stack frame of the caller of
265 send(). CODE_FILE and CODE_FUNC must be strings, CODE_LINE
268 Additional fields for the journal entry can only be specified
269 as keyword arguments. The payload can be either a string or
270 bytes. A string will be sent as UTF-8, and bytes will be sent
271 as-is to the journal.
273 Other useful fields include PRIORITY, SYSLOG_FACILITY,
274 SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER, SYSLOG_PID.
277 args = ['MESSAGE=' + MESSAGE]
279 if MESSAGE_ID is not None:
280 id = getattr(MESSAGE_ID, 'hex', MESSAGE_ID)
281 args.append('MESSAGE_ID=' + id)
283 if CODE_LINE == CODE_FILE == CODE_FUNC == None:
284 CODE_FILE, CODE_LINE, CODE_FUNC = \
285 _traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[0][:3]
286 if CODE_FILE is not None:
287 args.append('CODE_FILE=' + CODE_FILE)
288 if CODE_LINE is not None:
289 args.append('CODE_LINE={:d}'.format(CODE_LINE))
290 if CODE_FUNC is not None:
291 args.append('CODE_FUNC=' + CODE_FUNC)
293 args.extend(_make_line(key, val) for key, val in kwargs.items())
296 def stream(identifier, priority=LOG_DEBUG, level_prefix=False):
297 r"""Return a file object wrapping a stream to journal.
299 Log messages written to this file as simple newline sepearted
300 text strings are written to the journal.
302 The file will be line buffered, so messages are actually sent
303 after a newline character is written.
305 >>> stream = journal.stream('myapp')
307 <open file '<fdopen>', mode 'w' at 0x...>
308 >>> stream.write('message...\n')
310 will produce the following message in the journal::
313 SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=myapp
316 Using the interface with print might be more convinient:
318 >>> from __future__ import print_function
319 >>> print('message...', file=stream)
321 priority is the syslog priority, one of `LOG_EMERG`,
322 `LOG_ALERT`, `LOG_CRIT`, `LOG_ERR`, `LOG_WARNING`,
323 `LOG_NOTICE`, `LOG_INFO`, `LOG_DEBUG`.
325 level_prefix is a boolean. If true, kernel-style log priority
326 level prefixes (such as '<1>') are interpreted. See
327 sd-daemon(3) for more information.
330 fd = stream_fd(identifier, priority, level_prefix)
331 return _os.fdopen(fd, 'w', 1)
333 class JournalHandler(_logging.Handler):
334 """Journal handler class for the Python logging framework.
336 Please see the Python logging module documentation for an
337 overview: http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html.
339 To create a custom logger whose messages go only to journal:
341 >>> log = logging.getLogger('custom_logger_name')
342 >>> log.propagate = False
343 >>> log.addHandler(journal.JournalHandler())
344 >>> log.warn("Some message: %s", detail)
346 Note that by default, message levels `INFO` and `DEBUG` are
347 ignored by the logging framework. To enable those log levels:
349 >>> log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
351 To attach journal MESSAGE_ID, an extra field is supported:
354 >>> mid = uuid.UUID('0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF')
355 >>> log.warn("Message with ID", extra={'MESSAGE_ID': mid})
357 To redirect all logging messages to journal regardless of where
358 they come from, attach it to the root logger:
360 >>> logging.root.addHandler(journal.JournalHandler())
362 For more complex configurations when using `dictConfig` or
363 `fileConfig`, specify `systemd.journal.JournalHandler` as the
364 handler class. Only standard handler configuration options
365 are supported: `level`, `formatter`, `filters`.
367 The following journal fields will be sent:
368 `MESSAGE`, `PRIORITY`, `THREAD_NAME`, `CODE_FILE`, `CODE_LINE`,
369 `CODE_FUNC`, `LOGGER` (name as supplied to getLogger call),
370 `MESSAGE_ID` (optional, see above).
373 def emit(self, record):
374 """Write record as journal event.
376 MESSAGE is taken from the message provided by the
377 user, and PRIORITY, LOGGER, THREAD_NAME,
378 CODE_{FILE,LINE,FUNC} fields are appended
379 automatically. In addition, record.MESSAGE_ID will be
383 msg = self.format(record)
384 pri = self.mapPriority(record.levelno)
385 mid = getattr(record, 'MESSAGE_ID', None)
388 PRIORITY=format(pri),
390 THREAD_NAME=record.threadName,
391 CODE_FILE=record.pathname,
392 CODE_LINE=record.lineno,
393 CODE_FUNC=record.funcName)
395 self.handleError(record)
398 def mapPriority(levelno):
399 """Map logging levels to journald priorities.
401 Since Python log level numbers are "sparse", we have
402 to map numbers in between the standard levels too.
404 if levelno <= _logging.DEBUG:
406 elif levelno <= _logging.INFO:
408 elif levelno <= _logging.WARNING:
410 elif levelno <= _logging.ERROR:
412 elif levelno <= _logging.CRITICAL: