1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
25 #include <sys/types.h>
26 #include <sys/syscall.h>
27 #include <sys/mount.h>
33 #include <sys/prctl.h>
34 #include <sys/capability.h>
37 #include <sys/signalfd.h>
41 #include <sys/socket.h>
42 #include <linux/netlink.h>
44 #include <linux/veth.h>
45 #include <sys/personality.h>
46 #include <linux/loop.h>
49 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
57 #include <blkid/blkid.h>
60 #include "sd-daemon.h"
70 #include "cgroup-util.h"
72 #include "path-util.h"
73 #include "loopback-setup.h"
74 #include "dev-setup.h"
79 #include "bus-error.h"
81 #include "bus-kernel.h"
84 #include "rtnl-util.h"
85 #include "udev-util.h"
86 #include "blkid-util.h"
88 #include "siphash24.h"
90 #include "base-filesystem.h"
94 #include "seccomp-util.h"
97 typedef enum ContainerStatus {
102 typedef enum LinkJournal {
109 typedef enum Volatile {
115 static char *arg_directory = NULL;
116 static char *arg_user = NULL;
117 static sd_id128_t arg_uuid = {};
118 static char *arg_machine = NULL;
119 static const char *arg_selinux_context = NULL;
120 static const char *arg_selinux_apifs_context = NULL;
121 static const char *arg_slice = NULL;
122 static bool arg_private_network = false;
123 static bool arg_read_only = false;
124 static bool arg_boot = false;
125 static LinkJournal arg_link_journal = LINK_AUTO;
126 static uint64_t arg_retain =
127 (1ULL << CAP_CHOWN) |
128 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE) |
129 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH) |
130 (1ULL << CAP_FOWNER) |
131 (1ULL << CAP_FSETID) |
132 (1ULL << CAP_IPC_OWNER) |
134 (1ULL << CAP_LEASE) |
135 (1ULL << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE) |
136 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE) |
137 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BROADCAST) |
138 (1ULL << CAP_NET_RAW) |
139 (1ULL << CAP_SETGID) |
140 (1ULL << CAP_SETFCAP) |
141 (1ULL << CAP_SETPCAP) |
142 (1ULL << CAP_SETUID) |
143 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN) |
144 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_CHROOT) |
145 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_NICE) |
146 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_PTRACE) |
147 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG) |
148 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) |
149 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT) |
150 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE) |
151 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) |
153 static char **arg_bind = NULL;
154 static char **arg_bind_ro = NULL;
155 static char **arg_tmpfs = NULL;
156 static char **arg_setenv = NULL;
157 static bool arg_quiet = false;
158 static bool arg_share_system = false;
159 static bool arg_register = true;
160 static bool arg_keep_unit = false;
161 static char **arg_network_interfaces = NULL;
162 static char **arg_network_macvlan = NULL;
163 static bool arg_network_veth = false;
164 static const char *arg_network_bridge = NULL;
165 static unsigned long arg_personality = 0xffffffffLU;
166 static const char *arg_image = NULL;
167 static Volatile arg_volatile = VOLATILE_NO;
169 static int help(void) {
171 printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
172 "Spawn a minimal namespace container for debugging, testing and building.\n\n"
173 " -h --help Show this help\n"
174 " --version Print version string\n"
175 " -q --quiet Do not show status information\n"
176 " -D --directory=PATH Root directory for the container\n"
177 " -i --image=PATH File system device or image for the container\n"
178 " -b --boot Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
179 " -u --user=USER Run the command under specified user or uid\n"
180 " -M --machine=NAME Set the machine name for the container\n"
181 " --uuid=UUID Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n"
182 " -S --slice=SLICE Place the container in the specified slice\n"
183 " --private-network Disable network in container\n"
184 " --network-interface=INTERFACE\n"
185 " Assign an existing network interface to the\n"
187 " --network-macvlan=INTERFACE\n"
188 " Create a macvlan network interface based on an\n"
189 " existing network interface to the container\n"
190 " --network-veth Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
192 " --network-bridge=INTERFACE\n"
193 " Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
194 " and container and add it to an existing bridge on\n"
196 " -Z --selinux-context=SECLABEL\n"
197 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
198 " processes in the container\n"
199 " -L --selinux-apifs-context=SECLABEL\n"
200 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
201 " API/tmpfs file systems in the container\n"
202 " --capability=CAP In addition to the default, retain specified\n"
204 " --drop-capability=CAP Drop the specified capability from the default set\n"
205 " --link-journal=MODE Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, host\n"
206 " -j Equivalent to --link-journal=host\n"
207 " --read-only Mount the root directory read-only\n"
208 " --bind=PATH[:PATH] Bind mount a file or directory from the host into\n"
210 " --bind-ro=PATH[:PATH] Similar, but creates a read-only bind mount\n"
211 " --tmpfs=PATH:[OPTIONS] Mount an empty tmpfs to the specified directory\n"
212 " --setenv=NAME=VALUE Pass an environment variable to PID 1\n"
213 " --share-system Share system namespaces with host\n"
214 " --register=BOOLEAN Register container as machine\n"
215 " --keep-unit Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
216 " the service unit nspawn is running in\n"
217 " --volatile[=MODE] Run the system in volatile mode\n",
218 program_invocation_short_name);
223 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
240 ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE,
248 static const struct option options[] = {
249 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
250 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
251 { "directory", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
252 { "user", required_argument, NULL, 'u' },
253 { "private-network", no_argument, NULL, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK },
254 { "boot", no_argument, NULL, 'b' },
255 { "uuid", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UUID },
256 { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, ARG_READ_ONLY },
257 { "capability", required_argument, NULL, ARG_CAPABILITY },
258 { "drop-capability", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY },
259 { "link-journal", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL },
260 { "bind", required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND },
261 { "bind-ro", required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND_RO },
262 { "tmpfs", required_argument, NULL, ARG_TMPFS },
263 { "machine", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
264 { "slice", required_argument, NULL, 'S' },
265 { "setenv", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SETENV },
266 { "selinux-context", required_argument, NULL, 'Z' },
267 { "selinux-apifs-context", required_argument, NULL, 'L' },
268 { "quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q' },
269 { "share-system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM },
270 { "register", required_argument, NULL, ARG_REGISTER },
271 { "keep-unit", no_argument, NULL, ARG_KEEP_UNIT },
272 { "network-interface", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE },
273 { "network-macvlan", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN },
274 { "network-veth", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_VETH },
275 { "network-bridge", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE },
276 { "personality", required_argument, NULL, ARG_PERSONALITY },
277 { "image", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
278 { "volatile", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_VOLATILE },
283 uint64_t plus = 0, minus = 0;
288 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hD:u:bL:M:jS:Z:qi:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
296 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
297 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
302 arg_directory = canonicalize_file_name(optarg);
303 if (!arg_directory) {
304 log_error("Invalid root directory: %m");
316 arg_user = strdup(optarg);
322 case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE:
323 arg_network_bridge = optarg;
327 case ARG_NETWORK_VETH:
328 arg_network_veth = true;
329 arg_private_network = true;
332 case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE:
333 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_interfaces, optarg) < 0)
336 arg_private_network = true;
339 case ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN:
340 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_macvlan, optarg) < 0)
345 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK:
346 arg_private_network = true;
354 r = sd_id128_from_string(optarg, &arg_uuid);
356 log_error("Invalid UUID: %s", optarg);
366 if (isempty(optarg)) {
371 if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg)) {
372 log_error("Invalid machine name: %s", optarg);
377 arg_machine = strdup(optarg);
385 arg_selinux_context = optarg;
389 arg_selinux_apifs_context = optarg;
393 arg_read_only = true;
397 case ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY: {
398 const char *state, *word;
401 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(word, length, optarg, ",", state) {
402 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
405 t = strndup(word, length);
409 if (streq(t, "all")) {
410 if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
411 plus = (uint64_t) -1;
413 minus = (uint64_t) -1;
415 if (cap_from_name(t, &cap) < 0) {
416 log_error("Failed to parse capability %s.", t);
420 if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
421 plus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
423 minus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
431 arg_link_journal = LINK_GUEST;
434 case ARG_LINK_JOURNAL:
435 if (streq(optarg, "auto"))
436 arg_link_journal = LINK_AUTO;
437 else if (streq(optarg, "no"))
438 arg_link_journal = LINK_NO;
439 else if (streq(optarg, "guest"))
440 arg_link_journal = LINK_GUEST;
441 else if (streq(optarg, "host"))
442 arg_link_journal = LINK_HOST;
444 log_error("Failed to parse link journal mode %s", optarg);
452 _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
456 x = c == ARG_BIND ? &arg_bind : &arg_bind_ro;
458 e = strchr(optarg, ':');
460 a = strndup(optarg, e - optarg);
470 if (!path_is_absolute(a) || !path_is_absolute(b)) {
471 log_error("Invalid bind mount specification: %s", optarg);
475 r = strv_extend(x, a);
479 r = strv_extend(x, b);
487 _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
490 e = strchr(optarg, ':');
492 a = strndup(optarg, e - optarg);
496 b = strdup("mode=0755");
502 if (!path_is_absolute(a)) {
503 log_error("Invalid tmpfs specification: %s", optarg);
507 r = strv_push(&arg_tmpfs, a);
513 r = strv_push(&arg_tmpfs, b);
525 if (!env_assignment_is_valid(optarg)) {
526 log_error("Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid.", optarg);
530 n = strv_env_set(arg_setenv, optarg);
534 strv_free(arg_setenv);
543 case ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM:
544 arg_share_system = true;
548 r = parse_boolean(optarg);
550 log_error("Failed to parse --register= argument: %s", optarg);
558 arg_keep_unit = true;
561 case ARG_PERSONALITY:
563 arg_personality = personality_from_string(optarg);
564 if (arg_personality == 0xffffffffLU) {
565 log_error("Unknown or unsupported personality '%s'.", optarg);
574 arg_volatile = VOLATILE_YES;
576 r = parse_boolean(optarg);
578 if (streq(optarg, "state"))
579 arg_volatile = VOLATILE_STATE;
581 log_error("Failed to parse --volatile= argument: %s", optarg);
585 arg_volatile = r ? VOLATILE_YES : VOLATILE_NO;
594 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
598 if (arg_share_system)
599 arg_register = false;
601 if (arg_boot && arg_share_system) {
602 log_error("--boot and --share-system may not be combined.");
606 if (arg_keep_unit && cg_pid_get_owner_uid(0, NULL) >= 0) {
607 log_error("--keep-unit may not be used when invoked from a user session.");
611 if (arg_directory && arg_image) {
612 log_error("--directory= and --image= may not be combined.");
616 if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_NO && arg_read_only) {
617 log_error("Cannot combine --read-only with --volatile. Note that --volatile already implies a read-only base hierarchy.");
621 arg_retain = (arg_retain | plus | (arg_private_network ? 1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN : 0)) & ~minus;
626 static int mount_all(const char *dest) {
628 typedef struct MountPoint {
637 static const MountPoint mount_table[] = {
638 { "proc", "/proc", "proc", NULL, MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, true },
639 { "/proc/sys", "/proc/sys", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND, true }, /* Bind mount first */
640 { NULL, "/proc/sys", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, true }, /* Then, make it r/o */
641 { "sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", NULL, MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, true },
642 { "tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
643 { "devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts","newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" STRINGIFY(TTY_GID), MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC, true },
644 { "tmpfs", "/dev/shm", "tmpfs", "mode=1777", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
645 { "tmpfs", "/run", "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
647 { "/sys/fs/selinux", "/sys/fs/selinux", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND, false }, /* Bind mount first */
648 { NULL, "/sys/fs/selinux", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, false }, /* Then, make it r/o */
655 for (k = 0; k < ELEMENTSOF(mount_table); k++) {
656 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
658 _cleanup_free_ char *options = NULL;
663 where = strjoin(dest, "/", mount_table[k].where, NULL);
667 t = path_is_mount_point(where, true);
669 log_error("Failed to detect whether %s is a mount point: %s", where, strerror(-t));
677 /* Skip this entry if it is not a remount. */
678 if (mount_table[k].what && t > 0)
681 mkdir_p(where, 0755);
684 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context &&
685 (streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "tmpfs") || streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "devpts"))) {
686 options = strjoin(mount_table[k].options, ",context=\"", arg_selinux_apifs_context, "\"", NULL);
693 o = mount_table[k].options;
696 if (mount(mount_table[k].what,
699 mount_table[k].flags,
701 mount_table[k].fatal) {
703 log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
713 static int mount_binds(const char *dest, char **l, bool ro) {
716 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(x, y, l) {
717 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
718 struct stat source_st, dest_st;
721 if (stat(*x, &source_st) < 0) {
722 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", *x);
726 where = strappend(dest, *y);
730 r = stat(where, &dest_st);
732 if ((source_st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (dest_st.st_mode & S_IFMT)) {
733 log_error("The file types of %s and %s do not match. Refusing bind mount", *x, where);
736 } else if (errno == ENOENT) {
737 r = mkdir_parents_label(where, 0755);
739 log_error("Failed to bind mount %s: %s", *x, strerror(-r));
743 log_error("Failed to bind mount %s: %m", *x);
747 /* Create the mount point, but be conservative -- refuse to create block
748 * and char devices. */
749 if (S_ISDIR(source_st.st_mode))
750 mkdir_label(where, 0755);
751 else if (S_ISFIFO(source_st.st_mode))
753 else if (S_ISSOCK(source_st.st_mode))
754 mknod(where, 0644 | S_IFSOCK, 0);
755 else if (S_ISREG(source_st.st_mode))
758 log_error("Refusing to create mountpoint for file: %s", *x);
762 if (mount(*x, where, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
763 log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
768 r = bind_remount_recursive(where, true);
770 log_error("Read-Only bind mount failed: %s", strerror(-r));
779 static int mount_tmpfs(const char *dest) {
782 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(i, o, arg_tmpfs) {
783 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
785 where = strappend(dest, *i);
789 mkdir_label(where, 0755);
791 if (mount("tmpfs", where, "tmpfs", MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, *o) < 0) {
792 log_error("tmpfs mount to %s failed: %m", where);
800 static int setup_timezone(const char *dest) {
801 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL, *p = NULL, *q = NULL, *check = NULL, *what = NULL;
807 /* Fix the timezone, if possible */
808 r = readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &p);
810 log_warning("/etc/localtime is not a symlink, not updating container timezone.");
814 z = path_startswith(p, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
816 z = path_startswith(p, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
818 log_warning("/etc/localtime does not point into /usr/share/zoneinfo/, not updating container timezone.");
822 where = strappend(dest, "/etc/localtime");
826 r = readlink_malloc(where, &q);
828 y = path_startswith(q, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
830 y = path_startswith(q, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
832 /* Already pointing to the right place? Then do nothing .. */
833 if (y && streq(y, z))
837 check = strjoin(dest, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/", z, NULL);
841 if (access(check, F_OK) < 0) {
842 log_warning("Timezone %s does not exist in container, not updating container timezone.", z);
846 what = strappend("../usr/share/zoneinfo/", z);
850 mkdir_parents(where, 0755);
853 if (symlink(what, where) < 0) {
854 log_error("Failed to correct timezone of container: %m");
861 static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest) {
862 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
866 if (arg_private_network)
869 /* Fix resolv.conf, if possible */
870 where = strappend(dest, "/etc/resolv.conf");
874 /* We don't really care for the results of this really. If it
875 * fails, it fails, but meh... */
876 mkdir_parents(where, 0755);
877 copy_file("/etc/resolv.conf", where, O_TRUNC|O_NOFOLLOW, 0644);
882 static int setup_volatile_state(const char *directory) {
888 if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_STATE)
891 /* --volatile=state means we simply overmount /var
892 with a tmpfs, and the rest read-only. */
894 r = bind_remount_recursive(directory, true);
896 log_error("Failed to remount %s read-only: %s", directory, strerror(-r));
900 p = strappenda(directory, "/var");
903 if (mount("tmpfs", p, "tmpfs", MS_STRICTATIME, "mode=755") < 0) {
904 log_error("Failed to mount tmpfs to /var: %m");
911 static int setup_volatile(const char *directory) {
912 bool tmpfs_mounted = false, bind_mounted = false;
913 char template[] = "/tmp/nspawn-volatile-XXXXXX";
919 if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_YES)
922 /* --volatile=yes means we mount a tmpfs to the root dir, and
923 the original /usr to use inside it, and that read-only. */
925 if (!mkdtemp(template)) {
926 log_error("Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
930 if (mount("tmpfs", template, "tmpfs", MS_STRICTATIME, "mode=755") < 0) {
931 log_error("Failed to mount tmpfs for root directory: %m");
936 tmpfs_mounted = true;
938 f = strappenda(directory, "/usr");
939 t = strappenda(template, "/usr");
942 if (mount(f, t, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
943 log_error("Failed to create /usr bind mount: %m");
950 r = bind_remount_recursive(t, true);
952 log_error("Failed to remount %s read-only: %s", t, strerror(-r));
956 if (mount(template, directory, NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
957 log_error("Failed to move root mount: %m");
975 static char* id128_format_as_uuid(sd_id128_t id, char s[37]) {
978 "%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
979 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
984 static int setup_boot_id(const char *dest) {
985 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
992 if (arg_share_system)
995 /* Generate a new randomized boot ID, so that each boot-up of
996 * the container gets a new one */
998 from = strappend(dest, "/dev/proc-sys-kernel-random-boot-id");
999 to = strappend(dest, "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id");
1003 r = sd_id128_randomize(&rnd);
1005 log_error("Failed to generate random boot id: %s", strerror(-r));
1009 id128_format_as_uuid(rnd, as_uuid);
1011 r = write_string_file(from, as_uuid);
1013 log_error("Failed to write boot id: %s", strerror(-r));
1017 if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1018 log_error("Failed to bind mount boot id: %m");
1020 } else if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY, NULL))
1021 log_warning("Failed to make boot id read-only: %m");
1027 static int copy_devnodes(const char *dest) {
1029 static const char devnodes[] =
1039 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
1045 NULSTR_FOREACH(d, devnodes) {
1046 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
1049 from = strappend("/dev/", d);
1050 to = strjoin(dest, "/dev/", d, NULL);
1054 if (stat(from, &st) < 0) {
1056 if (errno != ENOENT) {
1057 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", from);
1061 } else if (!S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
1063 log_error("%s is not a char or block device, cannot copy", from);
1066 } else if (mknod(to, st.st_mode, st.st_rdev) < 0) {
1068 log_error("mknod(%s) failed: %m", dest);
1076 static int setup_ptmx(const char *dest) {
1077 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
1079 p = strappend(dest, "/dev/ptmx");
1083 if (symlink("pts/ptmx", p) < 0) {
1084 log_error("Failed to create /dev/ptmx symlink: %m");
1091 static int setup_dev_console(const char *dest, const char *console) {
1092 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
1102 if (stat("/dev/null", &st) < 0) {
1103 log_error("Failed to stat /dev/null: %m");
1107 r = chmod_and_chown(console, 0600, 0, 0);
1109 log_error("Failed to correct access mode for TTY: %s", strerror(-r));
1113 /* We need to bind mount the right tty to /dev/console since
1114 * ptys can only exist on pts file systems. To have something
1115 * to bind mount things on we create a device node first, and
1116 * use /dev/null for that since we the cgroups device policy
1117 * allows us to create that freely, while we cannot create
1118 * /dev/console. (Note that the major minor doesn't actually
1119 * matter here, since we mount it over anyway). */
1121 to = strappenda(dest, "/dev/console");
1122 if (mknod(to, (st.st_mode & ~07777) | 0600, st.st_rdev) < 0) {
1123 log_error("mknod() for /dev/console failed: %m");
1127 if (mount(console, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1128 log_error("Bind mount for /dev/console failed: %m");
1135 static int setup_kmsg(const char *dest, int kmsg_socket) {
1136 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
1138 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
1140 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
1141 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
1143 struct msghdr mh = {
1144 .msg_control = &control,
1145 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
1147 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
1150 assert(kmsg_socket >= 0);
1154 /* We create the kmsg FIFO as /dev/kmsg, but immediately
1155 * delete it after bind mounting it to /proc/kmsg. While FIFOs
1156 * on the reading side behave very similar to /proc/kmsg,
1157 * their writing side behaves differently from /dev/kmsg in
1158 * that writing blocks when nothing is reading. In order to
1159 * avoid any problems with containers deadlocking due to this
1160 * we simply make /dev/kmsg unavailable to the container. */
1161 if (asprintf(&from, "%s/dev/kmsg", dest) < 0 ||
1162 asprintf(&to, "%s/proc/kmsg", dest) < 0)
1165 if (mkfifo(from, 0600) < 0) {
1166 log_error("mkfifo() for /dev/kmsg failed: %m");
1170 r = chmod_and_chown(from, 0600, 0, 0);
1172 log_error("Failed to correct access mode for /dev/kmsg: %s", strerror(-r));
1176 if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1177 log_error("Bind mount for /proc/kmsg failed: %m");
1181 fd = open(from, O_RDWR|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
1183 log_error("Failed to open fifo: %m");
1187 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
1188 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
1189 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
1190 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
1191 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &fd, sizeof(int));
1193 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
1195 /* Store away the fd in the socket, so that it stays open as
1196 * long as we run the child */
1197 k = sendmsg(kmsg_socket, &mh, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_NOSIGNAL);
1201 log_error("Failed to send FIFO fd: %m");
1205 /* And now make the FIFO unavailable as /dev/kmsg... */
1210 static int setup_hostname(void) {
1212 if (arg_share_system)
1215 if (sethostname(arg_machine, strlen(arg_machine)) < 0)
1221 static int setup_journal(const char *directory) {
1222 sd_id128_t machine_id, this_id;
1223 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *b = NULL, *q = NULL, *d = NULL;
1227 p = strappend(directory, "/etc/machine-id");
1231 r = read_one_line_file(p, &b);
1232 if (r == -ENOENT && arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1235 log_error("Failed to read machine ID from %s: %s", p, strerror(-r));
1240 if (isempty(id) && arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1243 /* Verify validity */
1244 r = sd_id128_from_string(id, &machine_id);
1246 log_error("Failed to parse machine ID from %s: %s", p, strerror(-r));
1250 r = sd_id128_get_machine(&this_id);
1252 log_error("Failed to retrieve machine ID: %s", strerror(-r));
1256 if (sd_id128_equal(machine_id, this_id)) {
1257 log_full(arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR,
1258 "Host and machine ids are equal (%s): refusing to link journals", id);
1259 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1265 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_NO)
1269 p = strappend("/var/log/journal/", id);
1270 q = strjoin(directory, "/var/log/journal/", id, NULL);
1274 if (path_is_mount_point(p, false) > 0) {
1275 if (arg_link_journal != LINK_AUTO) {
1276 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", p);
1283 if (path_is_mount_point(q, false) > 0) {
1284 if (arg_link_journal != LINK_AUTO) {
1285 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", q);
1292 r = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &d);
1294 if ((arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST ||
1295 arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO) &&
1298 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1300 log_warning("failed to create directory %s: %m", q);
1304 if (unlink(p) < 0) {
1305 log_error("Failed to remove symlink %s: %m", p);
1308 } else if (r == -EINVAL) {
1310 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST &&
1313 if (errno == ENOTDIR) {
1314 log_error("%s already exists and is neither a symlink nor a directory", p);
1317 log_error("Failed to remove %s: %m", p);
1321 } else if (r != -ENOENT) {
1322 log_error("readlink(%s) failed: %m", p);
1326 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST) {
1328 if (symlink(q, p) < 0) {
1329 log_error("Failed to symlink %s to %s: %m", q, p);
1333 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1335 log_warning("failed to create directory %s: %m", q);
1339 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_HOST) {
1340 r = mkdir_p(p, 0755);
1342 log_error("Failed to create %s: %m", p);
1346 } else if (access(p, F_OK) < 0)
1349 if (dir_is_empty(q) == 0)
1350 log_warning("%s is not empty, proceeding anyway.", q);
1352 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1354 log_error("Failed to create %s: %m", q);
1358 if (mount(p, q, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1359 log_error("Failed to bind mount journal from host into guest: %m");
1366 static int setup_kdbus(const char *dest, const char *path) {
1372 p = strappenda(dest, "/dev/kdbus");
1373 if (mkdir(p, 0755) < 0) {
1374 log_error("Failed to create kdbus path: %m");
1378 if (mount(path, p, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1379 log_error("Failed to mount kdbus domain path: %m");
1386 static int drop_capabilities(void) {
1387 return capability_bounding_set_drop(~arg_retain, false);
1390 static int register_machine(pid_t pid, int local_ifindex) {
1391 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1392 _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1398 r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
1400 log_error("Failed to open system bus: %s", strerror(-r));
1404 if (arg_keep_unit) {
1405 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1407 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1408 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1409 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1410 "RegisterMachineWithNetwork",
1415 SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
1419 strempty(arg_directory),
1420 local_ifindex > 0 ? 1 : 0, local_ifindex);
1422 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
1424 r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
1427 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1428 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1429 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1430 "CreateMachineWithNetwork");
1432 log_error("Failed to create message: %s", strerror(-r));
1436 r = sd_bus_message_append(
1440 SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
1444 strempty(arg_directory),
1445 local_ifindex > 0 ? 1 : 0, local_ifindex);
1447 log_error("Failed to append message arguments: %s", strerror(-r));
1451 r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sv)");
1453 log_error("Failed to open container: %s", strerror(-r));
1457 if (!isempty(arg_slice)) {
1458 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Slice", "s", arg_slice);
1460 log_error("Failed to append slice: %s", strerror(-r));
1465 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "DevicePolicy", "s", "strict");
1467 log_error("Failed to add device policy: %s", strerror(-r));
1471 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "DeviceAllow", "a(ss)", 10,
1472 /* Allow the container to
1473 * access and create the API
1474 * device nodes, so that
1475 * PrivateDevices= in the
1476 * container can work
1481 "/dev/random", "rwm",
1482 "/dev/urandom", "rwm",
1484 /* Allow the container
1485 * access to ptys. However,
1487 * container to ever create
1488 * these device nodes. */
1489 "/dev/pts/ptmx", "rw",
1491 /* Allow the container
1492 * access to all kdbus
1493 * devices. Again, the
1494 * container cannot create
1495 * these nodes, only use
1496 * them. We use a pretty
1497 * open match here, so that
1498 * the kernel API can still
1501 "char-kdbus/*", "rw");
1503 log_error("Failed to add device whitelist: %s", strerror(-r));
1507 r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
1509 log_error("Failed to close container: %s", strerror(-r));
1513 r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, NULL);
1517 log_error("Failed to register machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1524 static int terminate_machine(pid_t pid) {
1525 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1526 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
1527 _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1534 r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
1536 log_error("Failed to open system bus: %s", strerror(-r));
1540 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1542 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1543 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1544 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1551 /* Note that the machine might already have been
1552 * cleaned up automatically, hence don't consider it a
1553 * failure if we cannot get the machine object. */
1554 log_debug("Failed to get machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1558 r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &path);
1560 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
1562 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1564 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1566 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Machine",
1572 log_debug("Failed to terminate machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1579 static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
1580 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
1583 if (arg_share_system)
1586 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p);
1590 log_error("Failed to read /proc/self/loginuid: %s", strerror(-r));
1594 /* Already reset? */
1595 if (streq(p, "4294967295"))
1598 r = write_string_file("/proc/self/loginuid", "4294967295");
1600 log_error("Failed to reset audit login UID. This probably means that your kernel is too\n"
1601 "old and you have audit enabled. Note that the auditing subsystem is known to\n"
1602 "be incompatible with containers on old kernels. Please make sure to upgrade\n"
1603 "your kernel or to off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command line before\n"
1604 "using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s... (%s)\n", strerror(-r));
1612 #define HASH_KEY SD_ID128_MAKE(c3,c4,f9,19,b5,57,b2,1c,e6,cf,14,27,03,9c,ee,a2)
1614 static int get_mac(struct ether_addr *mac) {
1621 l = strlen(arg_machine);
1622 sz = sizeof(sd_id128_t) + l;
1625 /* fetch some persistent data unique to the host */
1626 r = sd_id128_get_machine((sd_id128_t*) v);
1630 /* combine with some data unique (on this host) to this
1631 * container instance */
1632 memcpy(v + sizeof(sd_id128_t), arg_machine, l);
1634 /* Let's hash the host machine ID plus the container name. We
1635 * use a fixed, but originally randomly created hash key here. */
1636 siphash24(result, v, sz, HASH_KEY.bytes);
1638 assert_cc(ETH_ALEN <= sizeof(result));
1639 memcpy(mac->ether_addr_octet, result, ETH_ALEN);
1641 /* see eth_random_addr in the kernel */
1642 mac->ether_addr_octet[0] &= 0xfe; /* clear multicast bit */
1643 mac->ether_addr_octet[0] |= 0x02; /* set local assignment bit (IEEE802) */
1648 static int setup_veth(pid_t pid, char iface_name[IFNAMSIZ], int *ifi) {
1649 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1650 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1651 struct ether_addr mac;
1654 if (!arg_private_network)
1657 if (!arg_network_veth)
1660 /* Use two different interface name prefixes depending whether
1661 * we are in bridge mode or not. */
1662 snprintf(iface_name, IFNAMSIZ, "%s-%s",
1663 arg_network_bridge ? "vb" : "ve", arg_machine);
1667 log_error("Failed to generate predictable MAC address for host0");
1671 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1673 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1677 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, 0);
1679 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1683 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, iface_name);
1685 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1689 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_LINKINFO);
1691 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1695 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container_union(m, IFLA_INFO_DATA, "veth");
1697 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1701 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, VETH_INFO_PEER);
1703 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1707 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, "host0");
1709 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1713 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_ether_addr(m, IFLA_ADDRESS, &mac);
1715 log_error("Failed to add netlink MAC address: %s", strerror(-r));
1719 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1721 log_error("Failed to add netlink namespace field: %s", strerror(-r));
1725 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1727 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1731 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1733 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1737 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1739 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1743 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1745 log_error("Failed to add new veth interfaces: %s", strerror(-r));
1749 i = (int) if_nametoindex(iface_name);
1751 log_error("Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", iface_name);
1760 static int setup_bridge(const char veth_name[], int *ifi) {
1761 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1762 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1765 if (!arg_private_network)
1768 if (!arg_network_veth)
1771 if (!arg_network_bridge)
1774 bridge = (int) if_nametoindex(arg_network_bridge);
1776 log_error("Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", arg_network_bridge);
1782 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1784 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1788 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_SETLINK, 0);
1790 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1794 r = sd_rtnl_message_link_set_flags(m, IFF_UP, IFF_UP);
1796 log_error("Failed to set IFF_UP flag: %s", strerror(-r));
1800 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, veth_name);
1802 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name field: %s", strerror(-r));
1806 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_MASTER, bridge);
1808 log_error("Failed to add netlink master field: %s", strerror(-r));
1812 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1814 log_error("Failed to add veth interface to bridge: %s", strerror(-r));
1821 static int parse_interface(struct udev *udev, const char *name) {
1822 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
1823 char ifi_str[2 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
1826 ifi = (int) if_nametoindex(name);
1828 log_error("Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", name);
1832 sprintf(ifi_str, "n%i", ifi);
1833 d = udev_device_new_from_device_id(udev, ifi_str);
1835 log_error("Failed to get udev device for interface %s: %m", name);
1839 if (udev_device_get_is_initialized(d) <= 0) {
1840 log_error("Network interface %s is not initialized yet.", name);
1847 static int move_network_interfaces(pid_t pid) {
1848 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1849 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1853 if (!arg_private_network)
1856 if (strv_isempty(arg_network_interfaces))
1859 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1861 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1867 log_error("Failed to connect to udev.");
1871 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_network_interfaces) {
1872 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1875 ifi = parse_interface(udev, *i);
1879 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, ifi);
1881 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1885 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1887 log_error("Failed to append namespace PID to netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1891 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1893 log_error("Failed to move interface %s to namespace: %s", *i, strerror(-r));
1901 static int setup_macvlan(pid_t pid) {
1902 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1903 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1907 if (!arg_private_network)
1910 if (strv_isempty(arg_network_macvlan))
1913 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1915 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1921 log_error("Failed to connect to udev.");
1925 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_network_macvlan) {
1926 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1927 _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
1930 ifi = parse_interface(udev, *i);
1934 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, 0);
1936 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1940 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_LINK, ifi);
1942 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface index: %s", strerror(-r));
1946 n = strappend("mv-", *i);
1950 strshorten(n, IFNAMSIZ-1);
1952 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, n);
1954 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1958 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1960 log_error("Failed to add netlink namespace field: %s", strerror(-r));
1964 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_LINKINFO);
1966 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1970 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container_union(m, IFLA_INFO_DATA, "macvlan");
1972 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1976 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_MACVLAN_MODE, MACVLAN_MODE_BRIDGE);
1978 log_error("Failed to append macvlan mode: %s", strerror(-r));
1982 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1984 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1988 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1990 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1994 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1996 log_error("Failed to add new macvlan interfaces: %s", strerror(-r));
2004 static int setup_seccomp(void) {
2007 static const int blacklist[] = {
2008 SCMP_SYS(kexec_load),
2009 SCMP_SYS(open_by_handle_at),
2010 SCMP_SYS(init_module),
2011 SCMP_SYS(finit_module),
2012 SCMP_SYS(delete_module),
2019 scmp_filter_ctx seccomp;
2023 seccomp = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW);
2027 r = seccomp_add_secondary_archs(seccomp);
2029 log_error("Failed to add secondary archs to seccomp filter: %s", strerror(-r));
2033 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(blacklist); i++) {
2034 r = seccomp_rule_add(seccomp, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM), blacklist[i], 0);
2036 continue; /* unknown syscall */
2038 log_error("Failed to block syscall: %s", strerror(-r));
2044 Audit is broken in containers, much of the userspace audit
2045 hookup will fail if running inside a container. We don't
2046 care and just turn off creation of audit sockets.
2048 This will make socket(AF_NETLINK, *, NETLINK_AUDIT) fail
2049 with EAFNOSUPPORT which audit userspace uses as indication
2050 that audit is disabled in the kernel.
2053 r = seccomp_rule_add(
2055 SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EAFNOSUPPORT),
2058 SCMP_A0(SCMP_CMP_EQ, AF_NETLINK),
2059 SCMP_A2(SCMP_CMP_EQ, NETLINK_AUDIT));
2061 log_error("Failed to add audit seccomp rule: %s", strerror(-r));
2065 r = seccomp_attr_set(seccomp, SCMP_FLTATR_CTL_NNP, 0);
2067 log_error("Failed to unset NO_NEW_PRIVS: %s", strerror(-r));
2071 r = seccomp_load(seccomp);
2073 log_error("Failed to install seccomp audit filter: %s", strerror(-r));
2076 seccomp_release(seccomp);
2084 static int setup_image(char **device_path, int *loop_nr) {
2085 struct loop_info64 info = {
2086 .lo_flags = LO_FLAGS_AUTOCLEAR|LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN
2088 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, control = -1, loop = -1;
2089 _cleanup_free_ char* loopdev = NULL;
2093 assert(device_path);
2096 fd = open(arg_image, O_CLOEXEC|(arg_read_only ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
2098 log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", arg_image);
2102 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
2103 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", arg_image);
2107 if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
2110 p = strdup(arg_image);
2124 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
2125 log_error("%s is not a regular file or block device: %m", arg_image);
2129 control = open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK);
2131 log_error("Failed to open /dev/loop-control: %m");
2135 nr = ioctl(control, LOOP_CTL_GET_FREE);
2137 log_error("Failed to allocate loop device: %m");
2141 if (asprintf(&loopdev, "/dev/loop%i", nr) < 0)
2144 loop = open(loopdev, O_CLOEXEC|(arg_read_only ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
2146 log_error("Failed to open loop device %s: %m", loopdev);
2150 if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_FD, fd) < 0) {
2151 log_error("Failed to set loopback file descriptor on %s: %m", loopdev);
2156 info.lo_flags |= LO_FLAGS_READ_ONLY;
2158 if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_STATUS64, &info) < 0) {
2159 log_error("Failed to set loopback settings on %s: %m", loopdev);
2163 *device_path = loopdev;
2174 static int dissect_image(
2176 char **root_device, bool *root_device_rw,
2177 char **home_device, bool *home_device_rw,
2178 char **srv_device, bool *srv_device_rw,
2182 int home_nr = -1, root_nr = -1, secondary_root_nr = -1, srv_nr = -1;
2183 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL, *root = NULL, *secondary_root = NULL, *srv = NULL;
2184 _cleanup_udev_enumerate_unref_ struct udev_enumerate *e = NULL;
2185 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
2186 _cleanup_blkid_free_probe_ blkid_probe b = NULL;
2187 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
2188 struct udev_list_entry *first, *item;
2189 bool home_rw = true, root_rw = true, secondary_root_rw = true, srv_rw = true;
2190 const char *pttype = NULL;
2196 assert(root_device);
2197 assert(home_device);
2201 b = blkid_new_probe();
2206 r = blkid_probe_set_device(b, fd, 0, 0);
2211 log_error("Failed to set device on blkid probe: %m");
2215 blkid_probe_enable_partitions(b, 1);
2216 blkid_probe_set_partitions_flags(b, BLKID_PARTS_ENTRY_DETAILS);
2219 r = blkid_do_safeprobe(b);
2220 if (r == -2 || r == 1) {
2221 log_error("Failed to identify any partition table on %s.\n"
2222 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2224 } else if (r != 0) {
2227 log_error("Failed to probe: %m");
2231 blkid_probe_lookup_value(b, "PTTYPE", &pttype, NULL);
2232 if (!streq_ptr(pttype, "gpt")) {
2233 log_error("Image %s does not carry a GUID Partition Table.\n"
2234 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2239 pl = blkid_probe_get_partitions(b);
2244 log_error("Failed to list partitions of %s", arg_image);
2252 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
2253 log_error("Failed to stat block device: %m");
2257 d = udev_device_new_from_devnum(udev, 'b', st.st_rdev);
2261 e = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
2265 r = udev_enumerate_add_match_parent(e, d);
2269 r = udev_enumerate_scan_devices(e);
2271 log_error("Failed to scan for partition devices of %s: %s", arg_image, strerror(-r));
2275 first = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(e);
2276 udev_list_entry_foreach(item, first) {
2277 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *q;
2278 const char *stype, *node;
2279 unsigned long long flags;
2286 q = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(item));
2291 log_error("Failed to get partition device of %s: %m", arg_image);
2295 qn = udev_device_get_devnum(q);
2299 if (st.st_rdev == qn)
2302 node = udev_device_get_devnode(q);
2306 pp = blkid_partlist_devno_to_partition(pl, qn);
2310 flags = blkid_partition_get_flags(pp);
2311 if (flags & GPT_FLAG_NO_AUTO)
2314 nr = blkid_partition_get_partno(pp);
2318 stype = blkid_partition_get_type_string(pp);
2322 if (sd_id128_from_string(stype, &type_id) < 0)
2325 if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_HOME)) {
2327 if (home && nr >= home_nr)
2331 home_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2334 home = strdup(node);
2337 } else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_SRV)) {
2339 if (srv && nr >= srv_nr)
2343 srv_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2350 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_NATIVE
2351 else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_ROOT_NATIVE)) {
2353 if (root && nr >= root_nr)
2357 root_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2360 root = strdup(node);
2365 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_SECONDARY
2366 else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_ROOT_SECONDARY)) {
2368 if (secondary_root && nr >= secondary_root_nr)
2371 secondary_root_nr = nr;
2372 secondary_root_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2375 free(secondary_root);
2376 secondary_root = strdup(node);
2377 if (!secondary_root)
2383 if (!root && !secondary_root) {
2384 log_error("Failed to identify root partition in disk image %s.\n"
2385 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2390 *root_device = root;
2393 *root_device_rw = root_rw;
2395 } else if (secondary_root) {
2396 *root_device = secondary_root;
2397 secondary_root = NULL;
2399 *root_device_rw = secondary_root_rw;
2404 *home_device = home;
2407 *home_device_rw = home_rw;
2414 *srv_device_rw = srv_rw;
2419 log_error("--image= is not supported, compiled without blkid support.");
2424 static int mount_device(const char *what, const char *where, const char *directory, bool rw) {
2426 _cleanup_blkid_free_probe_ blkid_probe b = NULL;
2427 const char *fstype, *p;
2437 p = strappenda(where, directory);
2442 b = blkid_new_probe_from_filename(what);
2446 log_error("Failed to allocate prober for %s: %m", what);
2450 blkid_probe_enable_superblocks(b, 1);
2451 blkid_probe_set_superblocks_flags(b, BLKID_SUBLKS_TYPE);
2454 r = blkid_do_safeprobe(b);
2455 if (r == -1 || r == 1) {
2456 log_error("Cannot determine file system type of %s", what);
2458 } else if (r != 0) {
2461 log_error("Failed to probe %s: %m", what);
2466 if (blkid_probe_lookup_value(b, "TYPE", &fstype, NULL) < 0) {
2469 log_error("Failed to determine file system type of %s", what);
2473 if (streq(fstype, "crypto_LUKS")) {
2474 log_error("nspawn currently does not support LUKS disk images.");
2478 if (mount(what, p, fstype, MS_NODEV|(rw ? 0 : MS_RDONLY), NULL) < 0) {
2479 log_error("Failed to mount %s: %m", what);
2485 log_error("--image= is not supported, compiled without blkid support.");
2490 static int mount_devices(
2492 const char *root_device, bool root_device_rw,
2493 const char *home_device, bool home_device_rw,
2494 const char *srv_device, bool srv_device_rw) {
2500 r = mount_device(root_device, arg_directory, NULL, root_device_rw);
2502 log_error("Failed to mount root directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2508 r = mount_device(home_device, arg_directory, "/home", home_device_rw);
2510 log_error("Failed to mount home directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2516 r = mount_device(srv_device, arg_directory, "/srv", srv_device_rw);
2518 log_error("Failed to mount server data directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2526 static void loop_remove(int nr, int *image_fd) {
2527 _cleanup_close_ int control = -1;
2532 if (image_fd && *image_fd >= 0) {
2533 ioctl(*image_fd, LOOP_CLR_FD);
2534 *image_fd = safe_close(*image_fd);
2537 control = open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK);
2541 ioctl(control, LOOP_CTL_REMOVE, nr);
2544 static int spawn_getent(const char *database, const char *key, pid_t *rpid) {
2552 if (pipe2(pipe_fds, O_CLOEXEC) < 0) {
2553 log_error("Failed to allocate pipe: %m");
2559 log_error("Failed to fork getent child: %m");
2561 } else if (pid == 0) {
2563 char *empty_env = NULL;
2565 if (dup3(pipe_fds[1], STDOUT_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2566 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2568 if (pipe_fds[0] > 2)
2569 safe_close(pipe_fds[0]);
2570 if (pipe_fds[1] > 2)
2571 safe_close(pipe_fds[1]);
2573 nullfd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
2575 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2577 if (dup3(nullfd, STDIN_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2578 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2580 if (dup3(nullfd, STDERR_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2581 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2586 reset_all_signal_handlers();
2587 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
2589 execle("/usr/bin/getent", "getent", database, key, NULL, &empty_env);
2590 execle("/bin/getent", "getent", database, key, NULL, &empty_env);
2591 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2594 pipe_fds[1] = safe_close(pipe_fds[1]);
2601 static int change_uid_gid(char **_home) {
2602 char line[LINE_MAX], *x, *u, *g, *h;
2603 const char *word, *state;
2604 _cleanup_free_ uid_t *uids = NULL;
2605 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL;
2606 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2607 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2608 unsigned n_uids = 0;
2617 if (!arg_user || streq(arg_user, "root") || streq(arg_user, "0")) {
2618 /* Reset everything fully to 0, just in case */
2620 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0) {
2621 log_error("setgroups() failed: %m");
2625 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0) {
2626 log_error("setregid() failed: %m");
2630 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0) {
2631 log_error("setreuid() failed: %m");
2639 /* First, get user credentials */
2640 fd = spawn_getent("passwd", arg_user, &pid);
2644 f = fdopen(fd, "r");
2649 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2652 log_error("Failed to resolve user %s.", arg_user);
2656 log_error("Failed to read from getent: %m");
2662 wait_for_terminate_and_warn("getent passwd", pid);
2664 x = strchr(line, ':');
2666 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid user field.");
2670 u = strchr(x+1, ':');
2672 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid password field.");
2679 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid UID field.");
2687 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid GID field.");
2692 h = strchr(x+1, ':');
2694 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid GECOS field.");
2701 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid home directory field.");
2707 r = parse_uid(u, &uid);
2709 log_error("Failed to parse UID of user.");
2713 r = parse_gid(g, &gid);
2715 log_error("Failed to parse GID of user.");
2723 /* Second, get group memberships */
2724 fd = spawn_getent("initgroups", arg_user, &pid);
2729 f = fdopen(fd, "r");
2734 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2736 log_error("Failed to resolve user %s.", arg_user);
2740 log_error("Failed to read from getent: %m");
2746 wait_for_terminate_and_warn("getent initgroups", pid);
2748 /* Skip over the username and subsequent separator whitespace */
2750 x += strcspn(x, WHITESPACE);
2751 x += strspn(x, WHITESPACE);
2753 FOREACH_WORD(word, l, x, state) {
2759 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(uids, sz, n_uids+1))
2762 r = parse_uid(c, &uids[n_uids++]);
2764 log_error("Failed to parse group data from getent.");
2769 r = mkdir_parents(home, 0775);
2771 log_error("Failed to make home root directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2775 r = mkdir_safe(home, 0755, uid, gid);
2776 if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST) {
2777 log_error("Failed to make home directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2781 fchown(STDIN_FILENO, uid, gid);
2782 fchown(STDOUT_FILENO, uid, gid);
2783 fchown(STDERR_FILENO, uid, gid);
2785 if (setgroups(n_uids, uids) < 0) {
2786 log_error("Failed to set auxiliary groups: %m");
2790 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0) {
2791 log_error("setregid() failed: %m");
2795 if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0) {
2796 log_error("setreuid() failed: %m");
2810 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
2811 * container, the container was terminated by a signal, or
2812 * failed for an unknown reason. No change is made to the
2813 * container argument.
2814 * > 0 : The program executed in the container terminated with an
2815 * error. The exit code of the program executed in the
2816 * container is returned. No change is made to the container
2818 * 0 : The container is being rebooted, has been shut down or exited
2819 * successfully. The container argument has been set to either
2820 * CONTAINER_TERMINATED or CONTAINER_REBOOTED.
2822 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
2823 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
2825 static int wait_for_container(pid_t pid, ContainerStatus *container) {
2829 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
2831 log_warning("Failed to wait for container: %s", strerror(-r));
2835 switch (status.si_code) {
2837 r = status.si_status;
2840 log_debug("Container %s exited successfully.",
2843 *container = CONTAINER_TERMINATED;
2845 log_error("Container %s failed with error code %i.",
2846 arg_machine, status.si_status);
2851 if (status.si_status == SIGINT) {
2853 log_info("Container %s has been shut down.",
2856 *container = CONTAINER_TERMINATED;
2859 } else if (status.si_status == SIGHUP) {
2861 log_info("Container %s is being rebooted.",
2864 *container = CONTAINER_REBOOTED;
2868 /* CLD_KILLED fallthrough */
2871 log_error("Container %s terminated by signal %s.",
2872 arg_machine, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
2877 log_error("Container %s failed due to unknown reason.",
2886 static void nop_handler(int sig) {}
2888 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2890 _cleanup_free_ char *kdbus_domain = NULL, *device_path = NULL, *root_device = NULL, *home_device = NULL, *srv_device = NULL;
2891 bool root_device_rw = true, home_device_rw = true, srv_device_rw = true;
2892 _cleanup_close_ int master = -1, kdbus_fd = -1, image_fd = -1;
2893 _cleanup_close_pair_ int kmsg_socket_pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
2894 _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL;
2895 int r = EXIT_FAILURE, k, n_fd_passed, loop_nr = -1;
2896 const char *console = NULL;
2897 char veth_name[IFNAMSIZ];
2898 bool secondary = false;
2899 sigset_t mask, mask_chld;
2902 log_parse_environment();
2905 k = parse_argv(argc, argv);
2914 if (arg_directory) {
2917 p = path_make_absolute_cwd(arg_directory);
2918 free(arg_directory);
2921 arg_directory = get_current_dir_name();
2923 if (!arg_directory) {
2924 log_error("Failed to determine path, please use -D.");
2927 path_kill_slashes(arg_directory);
2931 arg_machine = strdup(basename(arg_image ? arg_image : arg_directory));
2937 hostname_cleanup(arg_machine, false);
2938 if (isempty(arg_machine)) {
2939 log_error("Failed to determine machine name automatically, please use -M.");
2944 if (geteuid() != 0) {
2945 log_error("Need to be root.");
2949 if (sd_booted() <= 0) {
2950 log_error("Not running on a systemd system.");
2955 n_fd_passed = sd_listen_fds(false);
2956 if (n_fd_passed > 0) {
2957 k = fdset_new_listen_fds(&fds, false);
2959 log_error("Failed to collect file descriptors: %s", strerror(-k));
2963 fdset_close_others(fds);
2966 if (arg_directory) {
2967 if (path_equal(arg_directory, "/")) {
2968 log_error("Spawning container on root directory not supported.");
2973 if (path_is_os_tree(arg_directory) <= 0) {
2974 log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory (os-release file is missing). Refusing.", arg_directory);
2980 p = strappenda(arg_directory,
2981 argc > optind && path_is_absolute(argv[optind]) ? argv[optind] : "/usr/bin/");
2982 if (access(p, F_OK) < 0) {
2983 log_error("Directory %s lacks the binary to execute or doesn't look like a binary tree. Refusing.", arg_directory);
2989 char template[] = "/tmp/nspawn-root-XXXXXX";
2991 if (!mkdtemp(template)) {
2992 log_error("Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
2997 arg_directory = strdup(template);
2998 if (!arg_directory) {
3003 image_fd = setup_image(&device_path, &loop_nr);
3009 r = dissect_image(image_fd,
3010 &root_device, &root_device_rw,
3011 &home_device, &home_device_rw,
3012 &srv_device, &srv_device_rw,
3018 master = posix_openpt(O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NDELAY);
3020 log_error("Failed to acquire pseudo tty: %m");
3024 console = ptsname(master);
3026 log_error("Failed to determine tty name: %m");
3031 log_info("Spawning container %s on %s.\nPress ^] three times within 1s to kill container.",
3032 arg_machine, arg_image ? arg_image : arg_directory);
3034 if (unlockpt(master) < 0) {
3035 log_error("Failed to unlock tty: %m");
3039 if (access("/dev/kdbus/control", F_OK) >= 0) {
3041 if (arg_share_system) {
3042 kdbus_domain = strdup("/dev/kdbus");
3043 if (!kdbus_domain) {
3050 ns = strappenda("machine-", arg_machine);
3051 kdbus_fd = bus_kernel_create_domain(ns, &kdbus_domain);
3053 log_debug("Failed to create kdbus domain: %s", strerror(-r));
3055 log_debug("Successfully created kdbus domain as %s", kdbus_domain);
3059 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, kmsg_socket_pair) < 0) {
3060 log_error("Failed to create kmsg socket pair: %m");
3064 sd_notify(0, "READY=1");
3066 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask) == 0);
3067 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask_chld) == 0);
3068 sigaddset(&mask_chld, SIGCHLD);
3069 sigset_add_many(&mask, SIGCHLD, SIGWINCH, SIGTERM, SIGINT, -1);
3070 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) == 0);
3073 ContainerStatus container_status;
3074 _cleanup_(barrier_destroy) Barrier barrier = BARRIER_NULL;
3075 struct sigaction sa = {
3076 .sa_handler = nop_handler,
3077 .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP,
3080 r = barrier_create(&barrier);
3082 log_error("Cannot initialize IPC barrier: %s", strerror(-r));
3086 /* Child can be killed before execv(), so handle SIGCHLD
3087 * in order to interrupt parent's blocking calls and
3088 * give it a chance to call wait() and terminate. */
3089 r = sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &mask_chld, NULL);
3091 log_error("Failed to change the signal mask: %m");
3095 r = sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);
3097 log_error("Failed to install SIGCHLD handler: %m");
3101 pid = syscall(__NR_clone, SIGCHLD|CLONE_NEWNS|
3102 (arg_share_system ? 0 : CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_NEWUTS)|
3103 (arg_private_network ? CLONE_NEWNET : 0), NULL);
3105 if (errno == EINVAL)
3106 log_error("clone() failed, do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in): %m");
3108 log_error("clone() failed: %m");
3116 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL;
3118 const char *envp[] = {
3119 "PATH=" DEFAULT_PATH_SPLIT_USR,
3120 "container=systemd-nspawn", /* LXC sets container=lxc, so follow the scheme here */
3125 NULL, /* container_uuid */
3126 NULL, /* LISTEN_FDS */
3127 NULL, /* LISTEN_PID */
3132 barrier_set_role(&barrier, BARRIER_CHILD);
3134 envp[n_env] = strv_find_prefix(environ, "TERM=");
3138 master = safe_close(master);
3140 close_nointr(STDIN_FILENO);
3141 close_nointr(STDOUT_FILENO);
3142 close_nointr(STDERR_FILENO);
3144 kmsg_socket_pair[0] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair[0]);
3146 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3148 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask) == 0);
3149 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL) == 0);
3151 k = open_terminal(console, O_RDWR);
3152 if (k != STDIN_FILENO) {
3158 log_error("Failed to open console: %s", strerror(-k));
3159 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3162 if (dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) != STDOUT_FILENO ||
3163 dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) != STDERR_FILENO) {
3164 log_error("Failed to duplicate console: %m");
3165 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3169 log_error("setsid() failed: %m");
3170 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3173 if (reset_audit_loginuid() < 0)
3174 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3176 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL) < 0) {
3177 log_error("PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
3178 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3181 /* Mark everything as slave, so that we still
3182 * receive mounts from the real root, but don't
3183 * propagate mounts to the real root. */
3184 if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
3185 log_error("MS_SLAVE|MS_REC failed: %m");
3186 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3189 if (mount_devices(arg_directory,
3190 root_device, root_device_rw,
3191 home_device, home_device_rw,
3192 srv_device, srv_device_rw) < 0)
3193 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3195 /* Turn directory into bind mount */
3196 if (mount(arg_directory, arg_directory, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
3197 log_error("Failed to make bind mount: %m");
3198 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3201 r = setup_volatile(arg_directory);
3203 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3205 if (setup_volatile_state(arg_directory) < 0)
3206 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3208 r = base_filesystem_create(arg_directory);
3210 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3212 if (arg_read_only) {
3213 k = bind_remount_recursive(arg_directory, true);
3215 log_error("Failed to make tree read-only: %s", strerror(-k));
3216 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3220 if (mount_all(arg_directory) < 0)
3221 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3223 if (copy_devnodes(arg_directory) < 0)
3224 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3226 if (setup_ptmx(arg_directory) < 0)
3227 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3229 dev_setup(arg_directory);
3231 if (setup_seccomp() < 0)
3232 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3234 if (setup_dev_console(arg_directory, console) < 0)
3235 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3237 if (setup_kmsg(arg_directory, kmsg_socket_pair[1]) < 0)
3238 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3240 kmsg_socket_pair[1] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair[1]);
3242 if (setup_boot_id(arg_directory) < 0)
3243 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3245 if (setup_timezone(arg_directory) < 0)
3246 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3248 if (setup_resolv_conf(arg_directory) < 0)
3249 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3251 if (setup_journal(arg_directory) < 0)
3252 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3254 if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind, false) < 0)
3255 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3257 if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind_ro, true) < 0)
3258 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3260 if (mount_tmpfs(arg_directory) < 0)
3261 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3263 if (setup_kdbus(arg_directory, kdbus_domain) < 0)
3264 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3266 /* Tell the parent that we are ready, and that
3267 * it can cgroupify us to that we lack access
3268 * to certain devices and resources. */
3269 barrier_place(&barrier);
3271 if (chdir(arg_directory) < 0) {
3272 log_error("chdir(%s) failed: %m", arg_directory);
3273 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3276 if (mount(arg_directory, "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
3277 log_error("mount(MS_MOVE) failed: %m");
3278 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3281 if (chroot(".") < 0) {
3282 log_error("chroot() failed: %m");
3283 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3286 if (chdir("/") < 0) {
3287 log_error("chdir() failed: %m");
3288 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3293 if (arg_private_network)
3296 if (drop_capabilities() < 0) {
3297 log_error("drop_capabilities() failed: %m");
3298 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3301 r = change_uid_gid(&home);
3303 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3305 if ((asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "HOME=%s", home ? home: "/root") < 0) ||
3306 (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "USER=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0) ||
3307 (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "LOGNAME=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0)) {
3309 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3312 if (!sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid, SD_ID128_NULL)) {
3315 if (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "container_uuid=%s", id128_format_as_uuid(arg_uuid, as_uuid)) < 0) {
3317 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3321 if (fdset_size(fds) > 0) {
3322 k = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
3324 log_error("Failed to unset O_CLOEXEC for file descriptors.");
3325 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3328 if ((asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fd_passed) < 0) ||
3329 (asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0)) {
3331 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3337 if (arg_personality != 0xffffffffLU) {
3338 if (personality(arg_personality) < 0) {
3339 log_error("personality() failed: %m");
3340 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3342 } else if (secondary) {
3343 if (personality(PER_LINUX32) < 0) {
3344 log_error("personality() failed: %m");
3345 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3350 if (arg_selinux_context)
3351 if (setexeccon((security_context_t) arg_selinux_context) < 0) {
3352 log_error("setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context);
3353 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3357 if (!strv_isempty(arg_setenv)) {
3360 n = strv_env_merge(2, envp, arg_setenv);
3363 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3368 env_use = (char**) envp;
3370 /* Wait until the parent is ready with the setup, too... */
3371 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier))
3372 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3378 /* Automatically search for the init system */
3380 l = 1 + argc - optind;
3381 a = newa(char*, l + 1);
3382 memcpy(a + 1, argv + optind, l * sizeof(char*));
3384 a[0] = (char*) "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd";
3385 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3387 a[0] = (char*) "/lib/systemd/systemd";
3388 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3390 a[0] = (char*) "/sbin/init";
3391 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3392 } else if (argc > optind)
3393 execvpe(argv[optind], argv + optind, env_use);
3395 chdir(home ? home : "/root");
3396 execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL, env_use);
3397 execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL, env_use);
3400 log_error("execv() failed: %m");
3401 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3404 barrier_set_role(&barrier, BARRIER_PARENT);
3408 /* wait for child-setup to be done */
3409 if (barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier)) {
3412 r = move_network_interfaces(pid);
3416 r = setup_veth(pid, veth_name, &ifi);
3420 r = setup_bridge(veth_name, &ifi);
3424 r = setup_macvlan(pid);
3428 r = register_machine(pid, ifi);
3432 /* Block SIGCHLD here, before notifying child.
3433 * process_pty() will handle it with the other signals. */
3434 r = sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask_chld, NULL);
3438 /* Reset signal to default */
3439 r = default_signals(SIGCHLD, -1);
3443 /* Notify the child that the parent is ready with all
3444 * its setup, and that the child can now hand over
3445 * control to the code to run inside the container. */
3446 barrier_place(&barrier);
3448 k = process_pty(master, &mask, arg_boot ? pid : 0, SIGRTMIN+3);
3457 /* Kill if it is not dead yet anyway */
3458 terminate_machine(pid);
3461 /* Normally redundant, but better safe than sorry */
3464 r = wait_for_container(pid, &container_status);
3468 /* We failed to wait for the container, or the
3469 * container exited abnormally */
3472 } else if (r > 0 || container_status == CONTAINER_TERMINATED)
3473 /* The container exited with a non-zero
3474 * status, or with zero status and no reboot
3478 /* CONTAINER_REBOOTED, loop again */
3480 if (arg_keep_unit) {
3481 /* Special handling if we are running as a
3482 * service: instead of simply restarting the
3483 * machine we want to restart the entire
3484 * service, so let's inform systemd about this
3485 * with the special exit code 133. The service
3486 * file uses RestartForceExitStatus=133 so
3487 * that this results in a full nspawn
3488 * restart. This is necessary since we might
3489 * have cgroup parameters set we want to have
3497 loop_remove(loop_nr, &image_fd);
3502 free(arg_directory);
3505 strv_free(arg_setenv);
3506 strv_free(arg_network_interfaces);
3507 strv_free(arg_network_macvlan);
3508 strv_free(arg_bind);
3509 strv_free(arg_bind_ro);
3510 strv_free(arg_tmpfs);