1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
25 #include <sys/types.h>
26 #include <sys/syscall.h>
27 #include <sys/mount.h>
33 #include <sys/prctl.h>
34 #include <sys/capability.h>
37 #include <sys/signalfd.h>
41 #include <sys/socket.h>
42 #include <linux/netlink.h>
43 #include <sys/eventfd.h>
45 #include <linux/veth.h>
46 #include <sys/personality.h>
47 #include <linux/loop.h>
50 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
58 #include <blkid/blkid.h>
61 #include "sd-daemon.h"
71 #include "cgroup-util.h"
73 #include "path-util.h"
74 #include "loopback-setup.h"
75 #include "dev-setup.h"
80 #include "bus-error.h"
82 #include "bus-kernel.h"
85 #include "rtnl-util.h"
86 #include "udev-util.h"
87 #include "blkid-util.h"
89 #include "siphash24.h"
92 #include "seccomp-util.h"
95 typedef enum LinkJournal {
102 static char *arg_directory = NULL;
103 static char *arg_user = NULL;
104 static sd_id128_t arg_uuid = {};
105 static char *arg_machine = NULL;
106 static const char *arg_selinux_context = NULL;
107 static const char *arg_selinux_apifs_context = NULL;
108 static const char *arg_slice = NULL;
109 static bool arg_private_network = false;
110 static bool arg_read_only = false;
111 static bool arg_boot = false;
112 static LinkJournal arg_link_journal = LINK_AUTO;
113 static uint64_t arg_retain =
114 (1ULL << CAP_CHOWN) |
115 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE) |
116 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH) |
117 (1ULL << CAP_FOWNER) |
118 (1ULL << CAP_FSETID) |
119 (1ULL << CAP_IPC_OWNER) |
121 (1ULL << CAP_LEASE) |
122 (1ULL << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE) |
123 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE) |
124 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BROADCAST) |
125 (1ULL << CAP_NET_RAW) |
126 (1ULL << CAP_SETGID) |
127 (1ULL << CAP_SETFCAP) |
128 (1ULL << CAP_SETPCAP) |
129 (1ULL << CAP_SETUID) |
130 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN) |
131 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_CHROOT) |
132 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_NICE) |
133 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_PTRACE) |
134 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG) |
135 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) |
136 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT) |
137 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE) |
138 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) |
140 static char **arg_bind = NULL;
141 static char **arg_bind_ro = NULL;
142 static char **arg_setenv = NULL;
143 static bool arg_quiet = false;
144 static bool arg_share_system = false;
145 static bool arg_register = true;
146 static bool arg_keep_unit = false;
147 static char **arg_network_interfaces = NULL;
148 static char **arg_network_macvlan = NULL;
149 static bool arg_network_veth = false;
150 static const char *arg_network_bridge = NULL;
151 static unsigned long arg_personality = 0xffffffffLU;
152 static const char *arg_image = NULL;
154 static int help(void) {
156 printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
157 "Spawn a minimal namespace container for debugging, testing and building.\n\n"
158 " -h --help Show this help\n"
159 " --version Print version string\n"
160 " -q --quiet Do not show status information\n"
161 " -D --directory=PATH Root directory for the container\n"
162 " -i --image=PATH File system device or image for the container\n"
163 " -b --boot Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
164 " -u --user=USER Run the command under specified user or uid\n"
165 " -M --machine=NAME Set the machine name for the container\n"
166 " --uuid=UUID Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n"
167 " -S --slice=SLICE Place the container in the specified slice\n"
168 " --private-network Disable network in container\n"
169 " --network-interface=INTERFACE\n"
170 " Assign an existing network interface to the\n"
172 " --network-macvlan=INTERFACE\n"
173 " Create a macvlan network interface based on an\n"
174 " existing network interface to the container\n"
175 " --network-veth Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
177 " --network-bridge=INTERFACE\n"
178 " Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
179 " and container and add it to an existing bridge on\n"
181 " -Z --selinux-context=SECLABEL\n"
182 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
183 " processes in the container\n"
184 " -L --selinux-apifs-context=SECLABEL\n"
185 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
186 " API/tmpfs file systems in the container\n"
187 " --capability=CAP In addition to the default, retain specified\n"
189 " --drop-capability=CAP Drop the specified capability from the default set\n"
190 " --link-journal=MODE Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, host\n"
191 " -j Equivalent to --link-journal=host\n"
192 " --read-only Mount the root directory read-only\n"
193 " --bind=PATH[:PATH] Bind mount a file or directory from the host into\n"
195 " --bind-ro=PATH[:PATH] Similar, but creates a read-only bind mount\n"
196 " --setenv=NAME=VALUE Pass an environment variable to PID 1\n"
197 " --share-system Share system namespaces with host\n"
198 " --register=BOOLEAN Register container as machine\n"
199 " --keep-unit Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
200 " the service unit nspawn is running in\n",
201 program_invocation_short_name);
206 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
222 ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE,
229 static const struct option options[] = {
230 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
231 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
232 { "directory", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
233 { "user", required_argument, NULL, 'u' },
234 { "private-network", no_argument, NULL, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK },
235 { "boot", no_argument, NULL, 'b' },
236 { "uuid", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UUID },
237 { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, ARG_READ_ONLY },
238 { "capability", required_argument, NULL, ARG_CAPABILITY },
239 { "drop-capability", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY },
240 { "link-journal", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL },
241 { "bind", required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND },
242 { "bind-ro", required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND_RO },
243 { "machine", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
244 { "slice", required_argument, NULL, 'S' },
245 { "setenv", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SETENV },
246 { "selinux-context", required_argument, NULL, 'Z' },
247 { "selinux-apifs-context", required_argument, NULL, 'L' },
248 { "quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q' },
249 { "share-system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM },
250 { "register", required_argument, NULL, ARG_REGISTER },
251 { "keep-unit", no_argument, NULL, ARG_KEEP_UNIT },
252 { "network-interface", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE },
253 { "network-macvlan", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN },
254 { "network-veth", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_VETH },
255 { "network-bridge", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE },
256 { "personality", required_argument, NULL, ARG_PERSONALITY },
257 { "image", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
262 uint64_t plus = 0, minus = 0;
267 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hD:u:bL:M:jS:Z:qi:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
275 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
276 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
281 arg_directory = canonicalize_file_name(optarg);
282 if (!arg_directory) {
283 log_error("Invalid root directory: %m");
295 arg_user = strdup(optarg);
301 case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE:
302 arg_network_bridge = optarg;
306 case ARG_NETWORK_VETH:
307 arg_network_veth = true;
308 arg_private_network = true;
311 case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE:
312 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_interfaces, optarg) < 0)
315 arg_private_network = true;
318 case ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN:
319 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_macvlan, optarg) < 0)
324 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK:
325 arg_private_network = true;
333 r = sd_id128_from_string(optarg, &arg_uuid);
335 log_error("Invalid UUID: %s", optarg);
345 if (isempty(optarg)) {
350 if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg)) {
351 log_error("Invalid machine name: %s", optarg);
356 arg_machine = strdup(optarg);
364 arg_selinux_context = optarg;
368 arg_selinux_apifs_context = optarg;
372 arg_read_only = true;
376 case ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY: {
380 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(word, length, optarg, ",", state) {
381 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
384 t = strndup(word, length);
388 if (streq(t, "all")) {
389 if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
390 plus = (uint64_t) -1;
392 minus = (uint64_t) -1;
394 if (cap_from_name(t, &cap) < 0) {
395 log_error("Failed to parse capability %s.", t);
399 if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
400 plus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
402 minus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
410 arg_link_journal = LINK_GUEST;
413 case ARG_LINK_JOURNAL:
414 if (streq(optarg, "auto"))
415 arg_link_journal = LINK_AUTO;
416 else if (streq(optarg, "no"))
417 arg_link_journal = LINK_NO;
418 else if (streq(optarg, "guest"))
419 arg_link_journal = LINK_GUEST;
420 else if (streq(optarg, "host"))
421 arg_link_journal = LINK_HOST;
423 log_error("Failed to parse link journal mode %s", optarg);
431 _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
435 x = c == ARG_BIND ? &arg_bind : &arg_bind_ro;
437 e = strchr(optarg, ':');
439 a = strndup(optarg, e - optarg);
449 if (!path_is_absolute(a) || !path_is_absolute(b)) {
450 log_error("Invalid bind mount specification: %s", optarg);
454 r = strv_extend(x, a);
458 r = strv_extend(x, b);
468 if (!env_assignment_is_valid(optarg)) {
469 log_error("Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid.", optarg);
473 n = strv_env_set(arg_setenv, optarg);
477 strv_free(arg_setenv);
486 case ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM:
487 arg_share_system = true;
491 r = parse_boolean(optarg);
493 log_error("Failed to parse --register= argument: %s", optarg);
501 arg_keep_unit = true;
504 case ARG_PERSONALITY:
506 arg_personality = personality_from_string(optarg);
507 if (arg_personality == 0xffffffffLU) {
508 log_error("Unknown or unsupported personality '%s'.", optarg);
518 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
522 if (arg_share_system)
523 arg_register = false;
525 if (arg_boot && arg_share_system) {
526 log_error("--boot and --share-system may not be combined.");
530 if (arg_keep_unit && cg_pid_get_owner_uid(0, NULL) >= 0) {
531 log_error("--keep-unit may not be used when invoked from a user session.");
535 if (arg_directory && arg_image) {
536 log_error("--directory= and --image= may not be combined.");
540 arg_retain = (arg_retain | plus | (arg_private_network ? 1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN : 0)) & ~minus;
545 static int mount_all(const char *dest) {
547 typedef struct MountPoint {
556 static const MountPoint mount_table[] = {
557 { "proc", "/proc", "proc", NULL, MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, true },
558 { "/proc/sys", "/proc/sys", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND, true }, /* Bind mount first */
559 { NULL, "/proc/sys", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, true }, /* Then, make it r/o */
560 { "sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", NULL, MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, true },
561 { "tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
562 { "devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts","newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" STRINGIFY(TTY_GID), MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC, true },
563 { "tmpfs", "/dev/shm", "tmpfs", "mode=1777", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
564 { "tmpfs", "/run", "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true },
566 { "/sys/fs/selinux", "/sys/fs/selinux", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND, false }, /* Bind mount first */
567 { NULL, "/sys/fs/selinux", NULL, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, false }, /* Then, make it r/o */
574 for (k = 0; k < ELEMENTSOF(mount_table); k++) {
575 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
577 _cleanup_free_ char *options = NULL;
582 where = strjoin(dest, "/", mount_table[k].where, NULL);
586 t = path_is_mount_point(where, true);
588 log_error("Failed to detect whether %s is a mount point: %s", where, strerror(-t));
596 /* Skip this entry if it is not a remount. */
597 if (mount_table[k].what && t > 0)
600 mkdir_p(where, 0755);
603 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context &&
604 (streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "tmpfs") || streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "devpts"))) {
605 options = strjoin(mount_table[k].options, ",context=\"", arg_selinux_apifs_context, "\"", NULL);
612 o = mount_table[k].options;
615 if (mount(mount_table[k].what,
618 mount_table[k].flags,
620 mount_table[k].fatal) {
622 log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
632 static int mount_binds(const char *dest, char **l, unsigned long flags) {
635 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(x, y, l) {
637 struct stat source_st, dest_st;
640 if (stat(*x, &source_st) < 0) {
641 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", *x);
645 where = strappenda(dest, *y);
646 r = stat(where, &dest_st);
648 if ((source_st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (dest_st.st_mode & S_IFMT)) {
649 log_error("The file types of %s and %s do not match. Refusing bind mount",
653 } else if (errno == ENOENT) {
654 r = mkdir_parents_label(where, 0755);
656 log_error("Failed to bind mount %s: %s", *x, strerror(-r));
660 log_error("Failed to bind mount %s: %s", *x, strerror(errno));
663 /* Create the mount point, but be conservative -- refuse to create block
664 * and char devices. */
665 if (S_ISDIR(source_st.st_mode))
666 mkdir_label(where, 0755);
667 else if (S_ISFIFO(source_st.st_mode))
669 else if (S_ISSOCK(source_st.st_mode))
670 mknod(where, 0644 | S_IFSOCK, 0);
671 else if (S_ISREG(source_st.st_mode))
674 log_error("Refusing to create mountpoint for file: %s", *x);
678 if (mount(*x, where, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
679 log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
683 if (flags && mount(NULL, where, NULL, MS_REMOUNT|MS_BIND|flags, NULL) < 0) {
684 log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
692 static int setup_timezone(const char *dest) {
693 _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL, *p = NULL, *q = NULL, *check = NULL, *what = NULL;
699 /* Fix the timezone, if possible */
700 r = readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &p);
702 log_warning("/etc/localtime is not a symlink, not updating container timezone.");
706 z = path_startswith(p, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
708 z = path_startswith(p, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
710 log_warning("/etc/localtime does not point into /usr/share/zoneinfo/, not updating container timezone.");
714 where = strappend(dest, "/etc/localtime");
718 r = readlink_malloc(where, &q);
720 y = path_startswith(q, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
722 y = path_startswith(q, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
725 /* Already pointing to the right place? Then do nothing .. */
726 if (y && streq(y, z))
730 check = strjoin(dest, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/", z, NULL);
734 if (access(check, F_OK) < 0) {
735 log_warning("Timezone %s does not exist in container, not updating container timezone.", z);
739 what = strappend("../usr/share/zoneinfo/", z);
744 if (symlink(what, where) < 0) {
745 log_error("Failed to correct timezone of container: %m");
752 static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest) {
753 char _cleanup_free_ *where = NULL;
757 if (arg_private_network)
760 /* Fix resolv.conf, if possible */
761 where = strappend(dest, "/etc/resolv.conf");
765 /* We don't really care for the results of this really. If it
766 * fails, it fails, but meh... */
767 copy_file("/etc/resolv.conf", where, O_TRUNC|O_NOFOLLOW);
772 static int setup_boot_id(const char *dest) {
773 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
780 if (arg_share_system)
783 /* Generate a new randomized boot ID, so that each boot-up of
784 * the container gets a new one */
786 from = strappend(dest, "/dev/proc-sys-kernel-random-boot-id");
787 to = strappend(dest, "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id");
791 r = sd_id128_randomize(&rnd);
793 log_error("Failed to generate random boot id: %s", strerror(-r));
797 snprintf(as_uuid, sizeof(as_uuid),
798 "%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
799 SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(rnd));
800 char_array_0(as_uuid);
802 r = write_string_file(from, as_uuid);
804 log_error("Failed to write boot id: %s", strerror(-r));
808 if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
809 log_error("Failed to bind mount boot id: %m");
811 } else if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY, NULL))
812 log_warning("Failed to make boot id read-only: %m");
818 static int copy_devnodes(const char *dest) {
820 static const char devnodes[] =
830 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
836 NULSTR_FOREACH(d, devnodes) {
837 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
840 from = strappend("/dev/", d);
841 to = strjoin(dest, "/dev/", d, NULL);
845 if (stat(from, &st) < 0) {
847 if (errno != ENOENT) {
848 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", from);
852 } else if (!S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
854 log_error("%s is not a char or block device, cannot copy", from);
857 } else if (mknod(to, st.st_mode, st.st_rdev) < 0) {
859 log_error("mknod(%s) failed: %m", dest);
867 static int setup_ptmx(const char *dest) {
868 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
870 p = strappend(dest, "/dev/ptmx");
874 if (symlink("pts/ptmx", p) < 0) {
875 log_error("Failed to create /dev/ptmx symlink: %m");
882 static int setup_dev_console(const char *dest, const char *console) {
883 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
893 if (stat("/dev/null", &st) < 0) {
894 log_error("Failed to stat /dev/null: %m");
898 r = chmod_and_chown(console, 0600, 0, 0);
900 log_error("Failed to correct access mode for TTY: %s", strerror(-r));
904 /* We need to bind mount the right tty to /dev/console since
905 * ptys can only exist on pts file systems. To have something
906 * to bind mount things on we create a device node first, and
907 * use /dev/null for that since we the cgroups device policy
908 * allows us to create that freely, while we cannot create
909 * /dev/console. (Note that the major minor doesn't actually
910 * matter here, since we mount it over anyway). */
912 to = strappenda(dest, "/dev/console");
913 if (mknod(to, (st.st_mode & ~07777) | 0600, st.st_rdev) < 0) {
914 log_error("mknod() for /dev/console failed: %m");
918 if (mount(console, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
919 log_error("Bind mount for /dev/console failed: %m");
926 static int setup_kmsg(const char *dest, int kmsg_socket) {
927 _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
929 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
931 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
932 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
935 .msg_control = &control,
936 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
938 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
941 assert(kmsg_socket >= 0);
945 /* We create the kmsg FIFO as /dev/kmsg, but immediately
946 * delete it after bind mounting it to /proc/kmsg. While FIFOs
947 * on the reading side behave very similar to /proc/kmsg,
948 * their writing side behaves differently from /dev/kmsg in
949 * that writing blocks when nothing is reading. In order to
950 * avoid any problems with containers deadlocking due to this
951 * we simply make /dev/kmsg unavailable to the container. */
952 if (asprintf(&from, "%s/dev/kmsg", dest) < 0 ||
953 asprintf(&to, "%s/proc/kmsg", dest) < 0)
956 if (mkfifo(from, 0600) < 0) {
957 log_error("mkfifo() for /dev/kmsg failed: %m");
961 r = chmod_and_chown(from, 0600, 0, 0);
963 log_error("Failed to correct access mode for /dev/kmsg: %s", strerror(-r));
967 if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
968 log_error("Bind mount for /proc/kmsg failed: %m");
972 fd = open(from, O_RDWR|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
974 log_error("Failed to open fifo: %m");
978 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
979 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
980 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
981 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
982 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &fd, sizeof(int));
984 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
986 /* Store away the fd in the socket, so that it stays open as
987 * long as we run the child */
988 k = sendmsg(kmsg_socket, &mh, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_NOSIGNAL);
989 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
992 log_error("Failed to send FIFO fd: %m");
996 /* And now make the FIFO unavailable as /dev/kmsg... */
1001 static int setup_hostname(void) {
1003 if (arg_share_system)
1006 if (sethostname(arg_machine, strlen(arg_machine)) < 0)
1012 static int setup_journal(const char *directory) {
1013 sd_id128_t machine_id, this_id;
1014 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *b = NULL, *q = NULL, *d = NULL;
1018 p = strappend(directory, "/etc/machine-id");
1022 r = read_one_line_file(p, &b);
1023 if (r == -ENOENT && arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1026 log_error("Failed to read machine ID from %s: %s", p, strerror(-r));
1031 if (isempty(id) && arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1034 /* Verify validity */
1035 r = sd_id128_from_string(id, &machine_id);
1037 log_error("Failed to parse machine ID from %s: %s", p, strerror(-r));
1041 r = sd_id128_get_machine(&this_id);
1043 log_error("Failed to retrieve machine ID: %s", strerror(-r));
1047 if (sd_id128_equal(machine_id, this_id)) {
1048 log_full(arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR,
1049 "Host and machine ids are equal (%s): refusing to link journals", id);
1050 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
1056 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_NO)
1060 p = strappend("/var/log/journal/", id);
1061 q = strjoin(directory, "/var/log/journal/", id, NULL);
1065 if (path_is_mount_point(p, false) > 0) {
1066 if (arg_link_journal != LINK_AUTO) {
1067 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", p);
1074 if (path_is_mount_point(q, false) > 0) {
1075 if (arg_link_journal != LINK_AUTO) {
1076 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", q);
1083 r = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &d);
1085 if ((arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST ||
1086 arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO) &&
1089 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1091 log_warning("failed to create directory %s: %m", q);
1095 if (unlink(p) < 0) {
1096 log_error("Failed to remove symlink %s: %m", p);
1099 } else if (r == -EINVAL) {
1101 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST &&
1104 if (errno == ENOTDIR) {
1105 log_error("%s already exists and is neither a symlink nor a directory", p);
1108 log_error("Failed to remove %s: %m", p);
1112 } else if (r != -ENOENT) {
1113 log_error("readlink(%s) failed: %m", p);
1117 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_GUEST) {
1119 if (symlink(q, p) < 0) {
1120 log_error("Failed to symlink %s to %s: %m", q, p);
1124 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1126 log_warning("failed to create directory %s: %m", q);
1130 if (arg_link_journal == LINK_HOST) {
1131 r = mkdir_p(p, 0755);
1133 log_error("Failed to create %s: %m", p);
1137 } else if (access(p, F_OK) < 0)
1140 if (dir_is_empty(q) == 0) {
1141 log_error("%s not empty.", q);
1145 r = mkdir_p(q, 0755);
1147 log_error("Failed to create %s: %m", q);
1151 if (mount(p, q, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1152 log_error("Failed to bind mount journal from host into guest: %m");
1159 static int setup_kdbus(const char *dest, const char *path) {
1165 p = strappenda(dest, "/dev/kdbus");
1166 if (mkdir(p, 0755) < 0) {
1167 log_error("Failed to create kdbus path: %m");
1171 if (mount(path, p, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
1172 log_error("Failed to mount kdbus domain path: %m");
1179 static int drop_capabilities(void) {
1180 return capability_bounding_set_drop(~arg_retain, false);
1183 static int register_machine(pid_t pid) {
1184 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1185 _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1191 r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
1193 log_error("Failed to open system bus: %s", strerror(-r));
1197 if (arg_keep_unit) {
1198 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1200 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1201 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1202 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1208 SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
1212 strempty(arg_directory));
1214 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
1216 r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
1219 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1220 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1221 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1224 log_error("Failed to create message: %s", strerror(-r));
1228 r = sd_bus_message_append(
1232 SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
1236 strempty(arg_directory));
1238 log_error("Failed to append message arguments: %s", strerror(-r));
1242 r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sv)");
1244 log_error("Failed to open container: %s", strerror(-r));
1248 if (!isempty(arg_slice)) {
1249 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Slice", "s", arg_slice);
1251 log_error("Failed to append slice: %s", strerror(-r));
1256 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "DevicePolicy", "s", "strict");
1258 log_error("Failed to add device policy: %s", strerror(-r));
1262 r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "DeviceAllow", "a(ss)", 10,
1263 /* Allow the container to
1264 * access and create the API
1265 * device nodes, so that
1266 * PrivateDevices= in the
1267 * container can work
1272 "/dev/random", "rwm",
1273 "/dev/urandom", "rwm",
1275 /* Allow the container
1276 * access to ptys. However,
1278 * container to ever create
1279 * these device nodes. */
1280 "/dev/pts/ptmx", "rw",
1282 /* Allow the container
1283 * access to all kdbus
1284 * devices. Again, the
1285 * container cannot create
1286 * these nodes, only use
1287 * them. We use a pretty
1288 * open match here, so that
1289 * the kernel API can still
1292 "char-kdbus/*", "rw");
1294 log_error("Failed to add device whitelist: %s", strerror(-r));
1298 r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
1300 log_error("Failed to close container: %s", strerror(-r));
1304 r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, NULL);
1308 log_error("Failed to register machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1315 static int terminate_machine(pid_t pid) {
1316 _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1317 _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
1318 _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1325 r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
1327 log_error("Failed to open system bus: %s", strerror(-r));
1331 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1333 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1334 "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
1335 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
1342 /* Note that the machine might already have been
1343 * cleaned up automatically, hence don't consider it a
1344 * failure if we cannot get the machine object. */
1345 log_debug("Failed to get machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1349 r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &path);
1351 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
1353 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1355 "org.freedesktop.machine1",
1357 "org.freedesktop.machine1.Machine",
1363 log_debug("Failed to terminate machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1370 static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
1371 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
1374 if (arg_share_system)
1377 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p);
1381 log_error("Failed to read /proc/self/loginuid: %s", strerror(-r));
1385 /* Already reset? */
1386 if (streq(p, "4294967295"))
1389 r = write_string_file("/proc/self/loginuid", "4294967295");
1391 log_error("Failed to reset audit login UID. This probably means that your kernel is too\n"
1392 "old and you have audit enabled. Note that the auditing subsystem is known to\n"
1393 "be incompatible with containers on old kernels. Please make sure to upgrade\n"
1394 "your kernel or to off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command line before\n"
1395 "using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s... (%s)\n", strerror(-r));
1403 #define HASH_KEY SD_ID128_MAKE(c3,c4,f9,19,b5,57,b2,1c,e6,cf,14,27,03,9c,ee,a2)
1405 static int get_mac(struct ether_addr *mac) {
1412 l = strlen(arg_machine);
1413 sz = sizeof(sd_id128_t) + l;
1416 /* fetch some persistent data unique to the host */
1417 r = sd_id128_get_machine((sd_id128_t*) v);
1421 /* combine with some data unique (on this host) to this
1422 * container instance */
1423 memcpy(v + sizeof(sd_id128_t), arg_machine, l);
1425 /* Let's hash the host machine ID plus the container name. We
1426 * use a fixed, but originally randomly created hash key here. */
1427 siphash24(result, v, sz, HASH_KEY.bytes);
1429 assert_cc(ETH_ALEN <= sizeof(result));
1430 memcpy(mac->ether_addr_octet, result, ETH_ALEN);
1432 /* see eth_random_addr in the kernel */
1433 mac->ether_addr_octet[0] &= 0xfe; /* clear multicast bit */
1434 mac->ether_addr_octet[0] |= 0x02; /* set local assignment bit (IEEE802) */
1439 static int setup_veth(pid_t pid, char iface_name[IFNAMSIZ]) {
1440 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1441 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1442 struct ether_addr mac;
1445 if (!arg_private_network)
1448 if (!arg_network_veth)
1451 /* Use two different interface name prefixes depending whether
1452 * we are in bridge mode or not. */
1453 if (arg_network_bridge)
1454 memcpy(iface_name, "vb-", 3);
1456 memcpy(iface_name, "ve-", 3);
1457 strncpy(iface_name+3, arg_machine, IFNAMSIZ - 3);
1461 log_error("Failed to generate predictable MAC address for host0");
1465 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1467 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1471 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, 0);
1473 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1477 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, iface_name);
1479 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1483 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_LINKINFO);
1485 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1489 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_INFO_KIND, "veth");
1491 log_error("Failed to append netlink kind: %s", strerror(-r));
1495 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_INFO_DATA);
1497 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1501 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, VETH_INFO_PEER);
1503 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1507 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, "host0");
1509 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1513 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_ether_addr(m, IFLA_ADDRESS, &mac);
1515 log_error("Failed to add netlink MAC address: %s", strerror(-r));
1519 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1521 log_error("Failed to add netlink namespace field: %s", strerror(-r));
1525 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1527 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1531 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1533 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1537 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1539 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1543 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1545 log_error("Failed to add new veth interfaces: %s", strerror(-r));
1552 static int setup_bridge(const char veth_name[]) {
1553 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1554 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1557 if (!arg_private_network)
1560 if (!arg_network_veth)
1563 if (!arg_network_bridge)
1566 bridge = (int) if_nametoindex(arg_network_bridge);
1568 log_error("Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", arg_network_bridge);
1572 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1574 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1578 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_SETLINK, 0);
1580 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1584 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, veth_name);
1586 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name field: %s", strerror(-r));
1590 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_MASTER, bridge);
1592 log_error("Failed to add netlink master field: %s", strerror(-r));
1596 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1598 log_error("Failed to add veth interface to bridge: %s", strerror(-r));
1605 static int parse_interface(struct udev *udev, const char *name) {
1606 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
1607 char ifi_str[2 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
1610 ifi = (int) if_nametoindex(name);
1612 log_error("Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", name);
1616 sprintf(ifi_str, "n%i", ifi);
1617 d = udev_device_new_from_device_id(udev, ifi_str);
1619 log_error("Failed to get udev device for interface %s: %m", name);
1623 if (udev_device_get_is_initialized(d) <= 0) {
1624 log_error("Network interface %s is not initialized yet.", name);
1631 static int move_network_interfaces(pid_t pid) {
1632 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1633 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1637 if (!arg_private_network)
1640 if (strv_isempty(arg_network_interfaces))
1643 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1645 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1651 log_error("Failed to connect to udev.");
1655 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_network_interfaces) {
1656 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1659 ifi = parse_interface(udev, *i);
1663 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, ifi);
1665 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1669 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1671 log_error("Failed to append namespace PID to netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1675 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1677 log_error("Failed to move interface %s to namespace: %s", *i, strerror(-r));
1685 static int setup_macvlan(pid_t pid) {
1686 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1687 _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
1691 if (!arg_private_network)
1694 if (strv_isempty(arg_network_macvlan))
1697 r = sd_rtnl_open(&rtnl, 0);
1699 log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
1705 log_error("Failed to connect to udev.");
1709 STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_network_macvlan) {
1710 _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
1711 _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
1714 ifi = parse_interface(udev, *i);
1718 r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, &m, RTM_NEWLINK, 0);
1720 log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
1724 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_LINK, ifi);
1726 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface index: %s", strerror(-r));
1730 n = strappend("mv-", *i);
1734 strshorten(n, IFNAMSIZ-1);
1736 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, n);
1738 log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
1742 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
1744 log_error("Failed to add netlink namespace field: %s", strerror(-r));
1748 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_LINKINFO);
1750 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1754 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_INFO_KIND, "macvlan");
1756 log_error("Failed to append netlink kind: %s", strerror(-r));
1760 r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_INFO_DATA);
1762 log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1766 r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_MACVLAN_MODE, MACVLAN_MODE_BRIDGE);
1768 log_error("Failed to append macvlan mode: %s", strerror(-r));
1772 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1774 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1778 r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
1780 log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
1784 r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
1786 log_error("Failed to add new macvlan interfaces: %s", strerror(-r));
1794 static int audit_still_doesnt_work_in_containers(void) {
1797 scmp_filter_ctx seccomp;
1801 Audit is broken in containers, much of the userspace audit
1802 hookup will fail if running inside a container. We don't
1803 care and just turn off creation of audit sockets.
1805 This will make socket(AF_NETLINK, *, NETLINK_AUDIT) fail
1806 with EAFNOSUPPORT which audit userspace uses as indication
1807 that audit is disabled in the kernel.
1810 seccomp = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW);
1814 r = seccomp_add_secondary_archs(seccomp);
1816 log_error("Failed to add secondary archs to seccomp filter: %s", strerror(-r));
1820 r = seccomp_rule_add(
1822 SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EAFNOSUPPORT),
1825 SCMP_A0(SCMP_CMP_EQ, AF_NETLINK),
1826 SCMP_A2(SCMP_CMP_EQ, NETLINK_AUDIT));
1828 log_error("Failed to add audit seccomp rule: %s", strerror(-r));
1832 r = seccomp_attr_set(seccomp, SCMP_FLTATR_CTL_NNP, 0);
1834 log_error("Failed to unset NO_NEW_PRIVS: %s", strerror(-r));
1838 r = seccomp_load(seccomp);
1840 log_error("Failed to install seccomp audit filter: %s", strerror(-r));
1843 seccomp_release(seccomp);
1851 static int setup_image(char **device_path, int *loop_nr) {
1852 struct loop_info64 info = {
1853 .lo_flags = LO_FLAGS_AUTOCLEAR|LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN
1855 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, control = -1, loop = -1;
1856 _cleanup_free_ char* loopdev = NULL;
1860 assert(device_path);
1863 fd = open(arg_image, O_CLOEXEC|(arg_read_only ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
1865 log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", arg_image);
1869 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
1870 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", arg_image);
1874 if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
1877 p = strdup(arg_image);
1891 if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
1892 log_error("%s is not a regular file or block device: %m", arg_image);
1896 control = open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK);
1898 log_error("Failed to open /dev/loop-control: %m");
1902 nr = ioctl(control, LOOP_CTL_GET_FREE);
1904 log_error("Failed to allocate loop device: %m");
1908 if (asprintf(&loopdev, "/dev/loop%i", nr) < 0)
1911 loop = open(loopdev, O_CLOEXEC|(arg_read_only ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOCTTY);
1913 log_error("Failed to open loop device %s: %m", loopdev);
1917 if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_FD, fd) < 0) {
1918 log_error("Failed to set loopback file descriptor on %s: %m", loopdev);
1923 info.lo_flags |= LO_FLAGS_READ_ONLY;
1925 if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_STATUS64, &info) < 0) {
1926 log_error("Failed to set loopback settings on %s: %m", loopdev);
1930 *device_path = loopdev;
1941 static int dissect_image(
1943 char **root_device, bool *root_device_rw,
1944 char **home_device, bool *home_device_rw,
1945 char **srv_device, bool *srv_device_rw,
1949 int home_nr = -1, root_nr = -1, secondary_root_nr = -1, srv_nr = -1;
1950 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL, *root = NULL, *secondary_root = NULL, *srv = NULL;
1951 _cleanup_udev_enumerate_unref_ struct udev_enumerate *e = NULL;
1952 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
1953 _cleanup_blkid_free_probe_ blkid_probe b = NULL;
1954 _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
1955 struct udev_list_entry *first, *item;
1956 bool home_rw = true, root_rw = true, secondary_root_rw = true, srv_rw = true;
1957 const char *pttype = NULL;
1963 assert(root_device);
1964 assert(home_device);
1968 b = blkid_new_probe();
1973 r = blkid_probe_set_device(b, fd, 0, 0);
1978 log_error("Failed to set device on blkid probe: %m");
1982 blkid_probe_enable_partitions(b, 1);
1983 blkid_probe_set_partitions_flags(b, BLKID_PARTS_ENTRY_DETAILS);
1986 r = blkid_do_safeprobe(b);
1987 if (r == -2 || r == 1) {
1988 log_error("Failed to identify any partition table on %s.\n"
1989 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
1991 } else if (r != 0) {
1994 log_error("Failed to probe: %m");
1998 blkid_probe_lookup_value(b, "PTTYPE", &pttype, NULL);
1999 if (!streq_ptr(pttype, "gpt")) {
2000 log_error("Image %s does not carry a GUID Partition Table.\n"
2001 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2006 pl = blkid_probe_get_partitions(b);
2011 log_error("Failed to list partitions of %s", arg_image);
2019 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
2020 log_error("Failed to stat block device: %m");
2024 d = udev_device_new_from_devnum(udev, 'b', st.st_rdev);
2028 e = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
2032 r = udev_enumerate_add_match_parent(e, d);
2036 r = udev_enumerate_scan_devices(e);
2038 log_error("Failed to scan for partition devices of %s: %s", arg_image, strerror(-r));
2042 first = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(e);
2043 udev_list_entry_foreach(item, first) {
2044 _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *q;
2045 const char *stype, *node;
2046 unsigned long long flags;
2053 q = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(item));
2058 log_error("Failed to get partition device of %s: %m", arg_image);
2062 qn = udev_device_get_devnum(q);
2066 if (st.st_rdev == qn)
2069 node = udev_device_get_devnode(q);
2073 pp = blkid_partlist_devno_to_partition(pl, qn);
2077 flags = blkid_partition_get_flags(pp);
2078 if (flags & GPT_FLAG_NO_AUTO)
2081 nr = blkid_partition_get_partno(pp);
2085 stype = blkid_partition_get_type_string(pp);
2089 if (sd_id128_from_string(stype, &type_id) < 0)
2092 if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_HOME)) {
2094 if (home && nr >= home_nr)
2098 home_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2101 home = strdup(node);
2104 } else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_SRV)) {
2106 if (srv && nr >= srv_nr)
2110 srv_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2117 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_NATIVE
2118 else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_ROOT_NATIVE)) {
2120 if (root && nr >= root_nr)
2124 root_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2127 root = strdup(node);
2132 #ifdef GPT_ROOT_SECONDARY
2133 else if (sd_id128_equal(type_id, GPT_ROOT_SECONDARY)) {
2135 if (secondary_root && nr >= secondary_root_nr)
2138 secondary_root_nr = nr;
2139 secondary_root_rw = !(flags & GPT_FLAG_READ_ONLY);
2142 free(secondary_root);
2143 secondary_root = strdup(node);
2144 if (!secondary_root)
2150 if (!root && !secondary_root) {
2151 log_error("Failed to identify root partition in disk image %s.\n"
2152 "Note that the disk image needs to follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/ to be supported by systemd-nspawn.", arg_image);
2157 *root_device = root;
2160 *root_device_rw = root_rw;
2162 } else if (secondary_root) {
2163 *root_device = secondary_root;
2164 secondary_root = NULL;
2166 *root_device_rw = secondary_root_rw;
2171 *home_device = home;
2174 *home_device_rw = home_rw;
2181 *srv_device_rw = srv_rw;
2186 log_error("--image= is not supported, compiled without blkid support.");
2191 static int mount_device(const char *what, const char *where, const char *directory, bool rw) {
2193 _cleanup_blkid_free_probe_ blkid_probe b = NULL;
2194 const char *fstype, *p;
2204 p = strappenda(where, directory);
2209 b = blkid_new_probe_from_filename(what);
2213 log_error("Failed to allocate prober for %s: %m", what);
2217 blkid_probe_enable_superblocks(b, 1);
2218 blkid_probe_set_superblocks_flags(b, BLKID_SUBLKS_TYPE);
2221 r = blkid_do_safeprobe(b);
2222 if (r == -1 || r == 1) {
2223 log_error("Cannot determine file system type of %s", what);
2225 } else if (r != 0) {
2228 log_error("Failed to probe %s: %m", what);
2233 if (blkid_probe_lookup_value(b, "TYPE", &fstype, NULL) < 0) {
2236 log_error("Failed to determine file system type of %s", what);
2240 if (streq(fstype, "crypto_LUKS")) {
2241 log_error("nspawn currently does not support LUKS disk images.");
2245 if (mount(what, p, fstype, MS_NODEV|(rw ? 0 : MS_RDONLY), NULL) < 0) {
2246 log_error("Failed to mount %s: %m", what);
2252 log_error("--image= is not supported, compiled without blkid support.");
2257 static int mount_devices(
2259 const char *root_device, bool root_device_rw,
2260 const char *home_device, bool home_device_rw,
2261 const char *srv_device, bool srv_device_rw) {
2267 r = mount_device(root_device, arg_directory, NULL, root_device_rw);
2269 log_error("Failed to mount root directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2275 r = mount_device(home_device, arg_directory, "/home", home_device_rw);
2277 log_error("Failed to mount home directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2283 r = mount_device(srv_device, arg_directory, "/srv", srv_device_rw);
2285 log_error("Failed to mount server data directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2293 static void loop_remove(int nr, int *image_fd) {
2294 _cleanup_close_ int control = -1;
2299 if (image_fd && *image_fd >= 0) {
2300 ioctl(*image_fd, LOOP_CLR_FD);
2301 close_nointr_nofail(*image_fd);
2305 control = open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK);
2309 ioctl(control, LOOP_CTL_REMOVE, nr);
2312 static int spawn_getent(const char *database, const char *key, pid_t *rpid) {
2320 if (pipe2(pipe_fds, O_CLOEXEC) < 0) {
2321 log_error("Failed to allocate pipe: %m");
2327 log_error("Failed to fork getent child: %m");
2329 } else if (pid == 0) {
2331 char *empty_env = NULL;
2333 if (dup3(pipe_fds[1], STDOUT_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2334 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2336 if (pipe_fds[0] > 2)
2337 close_nointr_nofail(pipe_fds[0]);
2338 if (pipe_fds[1] > 2)
2339 close_nointr_nofail(pipe_fds[1]);
2341 nullfd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
2343 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2345 if (dup3(nullfd, STDIN_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2346 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2348 if (dup3(nullfd, STDERR_FILENO, 0) < 0)
2349 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2352 close_nointr_nofail(nullfd);
2354 reset_all_signal_handlers();
2355 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
2357 execle("/usr/bin/getent", "getent", database, key, NULL, &empty_env);
2358 execle("/bin/getent", "getent", database, key, NULL, &empty_env);
2359 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2362 close_nointr_nofail(pipe_fds[1]);
2370 static int change_uid_gid(char **_home) {
2372 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **passwd = NULL;
2373 char line[LINE_MAX], *w, *x, *state, *u, *g, *h;
2374 _cleanup_free_ uid_t *uids = NULL;
2375 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL;
2376 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2377 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2378 unsigned n_uids = 0;
2387 if (!arg_user || streq(arg_user, "root") || streq(arg_user, "0")) {
2388 /* Reset everything fully to 0, just in case */
2390 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0) {
2391 log_error("setgroups() failed: %m");
2395 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0) {
2396 log_error("setregid() failed: %m");
2400 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0) {
2401 log_error("setreuid() failed: %m");
2409 /* First, get user credentials */
2410 fd = spawn_getent("passwd", arg_user, &pid);
2414 f = fdopen(fd, "r");
2419 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2422 log_error("Failed to resolve user %s.", arg_user);
2426 log_error("Failed to read from getent: %m");
2432 wait_for_terminate_and_warn("getent passwd", pid);
2434 x = strchr(line, ':');
2436 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid user field.");
2440 u = strchr(x+1, ':');
2442 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid password field.");
2449 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid UID field.");
2457 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid GID field.");
2462 h = strchr(x+1, ':');
2464 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid GECOS field.");
2471 log_error("/etc/passwd entry has invalid home directory field.");
2477 r = parse_uid(u, &uid);
2479 log_error("Failed to parse UID of user.");
2483 r = parse_gid(g, &gid);
2485 log_error("Failed to parse GID of user.");
2493 /* Second, get group memberships */
2494 fd = spawn_getent("initgroups", arg_user, &pid);
2499 f = fdopen(fd, "r");
2504 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2506 log_error("Failed to resolve user %s.", arg_user);
2510 log_error("Failed to read from getent: %m");
2516 wait_for_terminate_and_warn("getent initgroups", pid);
2518 /* Skip over the username and subsequent separator whitespace */
2520 x += strcspn(x, WHITESPACE);
2521 x += strspn(x, WHITESPACE);
2523 FOREACH_WORD(w, l, x, state) {
2529 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(uids, sz, n_uids+1))
2532 r = parse_uid(c, &uids[n_uids++]);
2534 log_error("Failed to parse group data from getent.");
2539 r = mkdir_parents(home, 0775);
2541 log_error("Failed to make home root directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2545 r = mkdir_safe(home, 0755, uid, gid);
2547 log_error("Failed to make home directory: %s", strerror(-r));
2551 fchown(STDIN_FILENO, uid, gid);
2552 fchown(STDOUT_FILENO, uid, gid);
2553 fchown(STDERR_FILENO, uid, gid);
2555 if (setgroups(n_uids, uids) < 0) {
2556 log_error("Failed to set auxiliary groups: %m");
2560 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0) {
2561 log_error("setregid() failed: %m");
2565 if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0) {
2566 log_error("setreuid() failed: %m");
2578 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2580 _cleanup_free_ char *kdbus_domain = NULL, *device_path = NULL, *root_device = NULL, *home_device = NULL, *srv_device = NULL;
2581 bool root_device_rw = true, home_device_rw = true, srv_device_rw = true;
2582 _cleanup_close_ int master = -1, kdbus_fd = -1, image_fd = -1;
2583 _cleanup_close_pipe_ int kmsg_socket_pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
2584 _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL;
2585 int r = EXIT_FAILURE, k, n_fd_passed, loop_nr = -1;
2586 const char *console = NULL;
2587 char veth_name[IFNAMSIZ];
2588 bool secondary = false;
2592 log_parse_environment();
2595 k = parse_argv(argc, argv);
2604 if (arg_directory) {
2607 p = path_make_absolute_cwd(arg_directory);
2608 free(arg_directory);
2611 arg_directory = get_current_dir_name();
2613 if (!arg_directory) {
2614 log_error("Failed to determine path, please use -D.");
2617 path_kill_slashes(arg_directory);
2621 arg_machine = strdup(basename(arg_image ? arg_image : arg_directory));
2627 hostname_cleanup(arg_machine, false);
2628 if (isempty(arg_machine)) {
2629 log_error("Failed to determine machine name automatically, please use -M.");
2634 if (geteuid() != 0) {
2635 log_error("Need to be root.");
2639 if (sd_booted() <= 0) {
2640 log_error("Not running on a systemd system.");
2645 n_fd_passed = sd_listen_fds(false);
2646 if (n_fd_passed > 0) {
2647 k = fdset_new_listen_fds(&fds, false);
2649 log_error("Failed to collect file descriptors: %s", strerror(-k));
2653 fdset_close_others(fds);
2656 if (arg_directory) {
2657 if (path_equal(arg_directory, "/")) {
2658 log_error("Spawning container on root directory not supported.");
2663 if (path_is_os_tree(arg_directory) <= 0) {
2664 log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory (/etc/os-release is missing). Refusing.", arg_directory);
2670 p = strappenda(arg_directory,
2671 argc > optind && path_is_absolute(argv[optind]) ? argv[optind] : "/usr/bin/");
2672 if (access(p, F_OK) < 0) {
2673 log_error("Directory %s lacks the binary to execute or doesn't look like a binary tree. Refusing.", arg_directory);
2679 char template[] = "/tmp/nspawn-root-XXXXXX";
2681 if (!mkdtemp(template)) {
2682 log_error("Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
2687 arg_directory = strdup(template);
2688 if (!arg_directory) {
2693 image_fd = setup_image(&device_path, &loop_nr);
2699 r = dissect_image(image_fd, &root_device, &root_device_rw, &home_device, &home_device_rw, &srv_device, &srv_device_rw, &secondary);
2704 master = posix_openpt(O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NDELAY);
2706 log_error("Failed to acquire pseudo tty: %m");
2710 console = ptsname(master);
2712 log_error("Failed to determine tty name: %m");
2717 log_info("Spawning container %s on %s. Press ^] three times within 1s to abort execution.", arg_machine, arg_image ? arg_image : arg_directory);
2719 if (unlockpt(master) < 0) {
2720 log_error("Failed to unlock tty: %m");
2724 if (access("/dev/kdbus/control", F_OK) >= 0) {
2726 if (arg_share_system) {
2727 kdbus_domain = strdup("/dev/kdbus");
2728 if (!kdbus_domain) {
2735 ns = strappenda("machine-", arg_machine);
2736 kdbus_fd = bus_kernel_create_domain(ns, &kdbus_domain);
2738 log_debug("Failed to create kdbus domain: %s", strerror(-r));
2740 log_debug("Successfully created kdbus domain as %s", kdbus_domain);
2744 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, kmsg_socket_pair) < 0) {
2745 log_error("Failed to create kmsg socket pair: %m");
2749 sd_notify(0, "READY=1");
2751 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask) == 0);
2752 sigset_add_many(&mask, SIGCHLD, SIGWINCH, SIGTERM, SIGINT, -1);
2753 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) == 0);
2756 int parent_ready_fd = -1, child_ready_fd = -1;
2760 parent_ready_fd = eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC);
2761 if (parent_ready_fd < 0) {
2762 log_error("Failed to create event fd: %m");
2766 child_ready_fd = eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC);
2767 if (child_ready_fd < 0) {
2768 log_error("Failed to create event fd: %m");
2772 pid = syscall(__NR_clone,
2773 SIGCHLD|CLONE_NEWNS|
2774 (arg_share_system ? 0 : CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_NEWUTS)|
2775 (arg_private_network ? CLONE_NEWNET : 0), NULL);
2777 if (errno == EINVAL)
2778 log_error("clone() failed, do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in): %m");
2780 log_error("clone() failed: %m");
2787 _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL;
2789 const char *envp[] = {
2790 "PATH=" DEFAULT_PATH_SPLIT_USR,
2791 "container=systemd-nspawn", /* LXC sets container=lxc, so follow the scheme here */
2796 NULL, /* container_uuid */
2797 NULL, /* LISTEN_FDS */
2798 NULL, /* LISTEN_PID */
2803 envp[n_env] = strv_find_prefix(environ, "TERM=");
2807 close_nointr_nofail(master);
2810 close_nointr(STDIN_FILENO);
2811 close_nointr(STDOUT_FILENO);
2812 close_nointr(STDERR_FILENO);
2814 close_nointr_nofail(kmsg_socket_pair[0]);
2815 kmsg_socket_pair[0] = -1;
2817 reset_all_signal_handlers();
2819 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask) == 0);
2820 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL) == 0);
2822 k = open_terminal(console, O_RDWR);
2823 if (k != STDIN_FILENO) {
2825 close_nointr_nofail(k);
2829 log_error("Failed to open console: %s", strerror(-k));
2833 if (dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) != STDOUT_FILENO ||
2834 dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) != STDERR_FILENO) {
2835 log_error("Failed to duplicate console: %m");
2840 log_error("setsid() failed: %m");
2844 if (reset_audit_loginuid() < 0)
2847 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL) < 0) {
2848 log_error("PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
2852 /* Mark everything as slave, so that we still
2853 * receive mounts from the real root, but don't
2854 * propagate mounts to the real root. */
2855 if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
2856 log_error("MS_SLAVE|MS_REC failed: %m");
2860 if (mount_devices(arg_directory,
2861 root_device, root_device_rw,
2862 home_device, home_device_rw,
2863 srv_device, srv_device_rw) < 0)
2866 /* Turn directory into bind mount */
2867 if (mount(arg_directory, arg_directory, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
2868 log_error("Failed to make bind mount.");
2873 if (mount(arg_directory, arg_directory, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
2874 log_error("Failed to make read-only.");
2878 if (mount_all(arg_directory) < 0)
2881 if (copy_devnodes(arg_directory) < 0)
2884 if (setup_ptmx(arg_directory) < 0)
2887 dev_setup(arg_directory);
2889 if (audit_still_doesnt_work_in_containers() < 0)
2892 if (setup_dev_console(arg_directory, console) < 0)
2895 if (setup_kmsg(arg_directory, kmsg_socket_pair[1]) < 0)
2898 close_nointr_nofail(kmsg_socket_pair[1]);
2899 kmsg_socket_pair[1] = -1;
2901 if (setup_boot_id(arg_directory) < 0)
2904 if (setup_timezone(arg_directory) < 0)
2907 if (setup_resolv_conf(arg_directory) < 0)
2910 if (setup_journal(arg_directory) < 0)
2913 if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind, 0) < 0)
2916 if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind_ro, MS_RDONLY) < 0)
2919 if (setup_kdbus(arg_directory, kdbus_domain) < 0)
2922 /* Tell the parent that we are ready, and that
2923 * it can cgroupify us to that we lack access
2924 * to certain devices and resources. */
2925 eventfd_write(child_ready_fd, 1);
2926 close_nointr_nofail(child_ready_fd);
2927 child_ready_fd = -1;
2929 if (chdir(arg_directory) < 0) {
2930 log_error("chdir(%s) failed: %m", arg_directory);
2934 if (mount(arg_directory, "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
2935 log_error("mount(MS_MOVE) failed: %m");
2939 if (chroot(".") < 0) {
2940 log_error("chroot() failed: %m");
2944 if (chdir("/") < 0) {
2945 log_error("chdir() failed: %m");
2951 if (arg_private_network)
2954 if (drop_capabilities() < 0) {
2955 log_error("drop_capabilities() failed: %m");
2959 r = change_uid_gid(&home);
2963 if ((asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "HOME=%s", home ? home: "/root") < 0) ||
2964 (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "USER=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0) ||
2965 (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "LOGNAME=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0)) {
2970 if (!sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid, SD_ID128_NULL)) {
2971 if (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "container_uuid=" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR, SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(arg_uuid)) < 0) {
2977 if (fdset_size(fds) > 0) {
2978 k = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
2980 log_error("Failed to unset O_CLOEXEC for file descriptors.");
2984 if ((asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fd_passed) < 0) ||
2985 (asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0)) {
2993 if (arg_personality != 0xffffffffLU) {
2994 if (personality(arg_personality) < 0) {
2995 log_error("personality() failed: %m");
2998 } else if (secondary) {
2999 if (personality(PER_LINUX32) < 0) {
3000 log_error("personality() failed: %m");
3006 if (arg_selinux_context)
3007 if (setexeccon((security_context_t) arg_selinux_context) < 0) {
3008 log_error("setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context);
3013 if (!strv_isempty(arg_setenv)) {
3016 n = strv_env_merge(2, envp, arg_setenv);
3024 env_use = (char**) envp;
3026 /* Wait until the parent is ready with the setup, too... */
3027 eventfd_read(parent_ready_fd, &x);
3028 close_nointr_nofail(parent_ready_fd);
3029 parent_ready_fd = -1;
3035 /* Automatically search for the init system */
3037 l = 1 + argc - optind;
3038 a = newa(char*, l + 1);
3039 memcpy(a + 1, argv + optind, l * sizeof(char*));
3041 a[0] = (char*) "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd";
3042 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3044 a[0] = (char*) "/lib/systemd/systemd";
3045 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3047 a[0] = (char*) "/sbin/init";
3048 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
3049 } else if (argc > optind)
3050 execvpe(argv[optind], argv + optind, env_use);
3052 chdir(home ? home : "/root");
3053 execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL, env_use);
3054 execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL, env_use);
3057 log_error("execv() failed: %m");
3060 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3066 /* Wait until the child reported that it is ready with
3067 * all it needs to do with priviliges. After we got
3068 * the notification we can make the process join its
3069 * cgroup which might limit what it can do */
3070 eventfd_read(child_ready_fd, &x);
3072 r = register_machine(pid);
3076 r = move_network_interfaces(pid);
3080 r = setup_veth(pid, veth_name);
3084 r = setup_bridge(veth_name);
3088 r = setup_macvlan(pid);
3092 /* Notify the child that the parent is ready with all
3093 * its setup, and thtat the child can now hand over
3094 * control to the code to run inside the container. */
3095 eventfd_write(parent_ready_fd, 1);
3097 k = process_pty(master, &mask, arg_boot ? pid : 0, SIGRTMIN+3);
3106 /* Kill if it is not dead yet anyway */
3107 terminate_machine(pid);
3109 /* Redundant, but better safe than sorry */
3112 k = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3120 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3121 r = status.si_status;
3122 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3123 log_error("Container %s failed with error code %i.", arg_machine, status.si_status);
3128 log_debug("Container %s exited successfully.", arg_machine);
3130 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED &&
3131 status.si_status == SIGINT) {
3134 log_info("Container %s has been shut down.", arg_machine);
3137 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED &&
3138 status.si_status == SIGHUP) {
3141 log_info("Container %s is being rebooted.", arg_machine);
3143 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3144 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3146 log_error("Container %s terminated by signal %s.", arg_machine, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3150 log_error("Container %s failed due to unknown reason.", arg_machine);
3157 loop_remove(loop_nr, &image_fd);
3162 free(arg_directory);
3165 strv_free(arg_setenv);
3166 strv_free(arg_network_interfaces);
3167 strv_free(arg_network_macvlan);
3168 strv_free(arg_bind);
3169 strv_free(arg_bind_ro);