src/execute.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <assert.h>
  23 #include <dirent.h>
  24 #include <errno.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <unistd.h>
  27 #include <string.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <sys/socket.h>
  30 #include <sys/un.h>
  31 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  32 #include <linux/sched.h>
  33 #include <sys/types.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <grp.h>
  36 #include <pwd.h>
  37 #include <sys/mount.h>
  38 #include <linux/fs.h>
  39 #include <linux/oom.h>
  40
  41 #ifdef HAVE_PAM
  42 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
  43 #endif
  44
  45 #include "execute.h"
  46 #include "strv.h"
  47 #include "macro.h"
  48 #include "util.h"
  49 #include "log.h"
  50 #include "ioprio.h"
  51 #include "securebits.h"
  52 #include "cgroup.h"
  53 #include "namespace.h"
  54 #include "tcpwrap.h"
  55 #include "exit-status.h"
  56 #include "missing.h"
  57 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
  58 #include "def.h"
  59
  60 /* This assumes there is a 'tty' group */
  61 #define TTY_MODE 0620
  62
  63 static int shift_fds(int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
  64         int start, restart_from;
  65
  66         if (n_fds <= 0)
  67                 return 0;
  68
  69         /* Modifies the fds array! (sorts it) */
  70
  71         assert(fds);
  72
  73         start = 0;
  74         for (;;) {
  75                 int i;
  76
  77                 restart_from = -1;
  78
  79                 for (i = start; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
  80                         int nfd;
  81
  82                         /* Already at right index? */
  83                         if (fds[i] == i+3)
  84                                 continue;
  85
  86                         if ((nfd = fcntl(fds[i], F_DUPFD, i+3)) < 0)
  87                                 return -errno;
  88
  89                         close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
  90                         fds[i] = nfd;
  91
  92                         /* Hmm, the fd we wanted isn't free? Then
  93                          * let's remember that and try again from here*/
  94                         if (nfd != i+3 && restart_from < 0)
  95                                 restart_from = i;
  96                 }
  97
  98                 if (restart_from < 0)
  99                         break;
 100
 101                 start = restart_from;
 102         }
 103
 104         return 0;
 105 }
 106
 107 static int flags_fds(const int fds[], unsigned n_fds, bool nonblock) {
 108         unsigned i;
 109         int r;
 110
 111         if (n_fds <= 0)
 112                 return 0;
 113
 114         assert(fds);
 115
 116         /* Drops/Sets O_NONBLOCK and FD_CLOEXEC from the file flags */
 117
 118         for (i = 0; i < n_fds; i++) {
 119
 120                 if ((r = fd_nonblock(fds[i], nonblock)) < 0)
 121                         return r;
 122
 123                 /* We unconditionally drop FD_CLOEXEC from the fds,
 124                  * since after all we want to pass these fds to our
 125                  * children */
 126
 127                 if ((r = fd_cloexec(fds[i], false)) < 0)
 128                         return r;
 129         }
 130
 131         return 0;
 132 }
 133
 134 static const char *tty_path(const ExecContext *context) {
 135         assert(context);
 136
 137         if (context->tty_path)
 138                 return context->tty_path;
 139
 140         return "/dev/console";
 141 }
 142
 143 static int open_null_as(int flags, int nfd) {
 144         int fd, r;
 145
 146         assert(nfd >= 0);
 147
 148         if ((fd = open("/dev/null", flags|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
 149                 return -errno;
 150
 151         if (fd != nfd) {
 152                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 153                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 154         } else
 155                 r = nfd;
 156
 157         return r;
 158 }
 159
 160 static int connect_logger_as(const ExecContext *context, ExecOutput output, const char *ident, int nfd) {
 161         int fd, r;
 162         union {
 163                 struct sockaddr sa;
 164                 struct sockaddr_un un;
 165         } sa;
 166
 167         assert(context);
 168         assert(output < _EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX);
 169         assert(ident);
 170         assert(nfd >= 0);
 171
 172         if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
 173                 return -errno;
 174
 175         zero(sa);
 176         sa.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
 177         strncpy(sa.un.sun_path, LOGGER_SOCKET, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path));
 178
 179         if (connect(fd, &sa.sa, offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + sizeof(LOGGER_SOCKET) - 1) < 0) {
 180                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 181                 return -errno;
 182         }
 183
 184         if (shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD) < 0) {
 185                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 186                 return -errno;
 187         }
 188
 189         /* We speak a very simple protocol between log server
 190          * and client: one line for the log destination (kmsg
 191          * or syslog), followed by the priority field,
 192          * followed by the process name. Since we replaced
 193          * stdin/stderr we simple use stdio to write to
 194          * it. Note that we use stderr, to minimize buffer
 195          * flushing issues. */
 196
 197         dprintf(fd,
 198                 "%s\n"
 199                 "%i\n"
 200                 "%s\n"
 201                 "%i\n",
 202                 output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG ?             "kmsg" :
 203                 output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE ? "kmsg+console" :
 204                 output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG ?           "syslog" :
 205                                                          "syslog+console",
 206                 context->syslog_priority,
 207                 context->syslog_identifier ? context->syslog_identifier : ident,
 208                 context->syslog_level_prefix);
 209
 210         if (fd != nfd) {
 211                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 212                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 213         } else
 214                 r = nfd;
 215
 216         return r;
 217 }
 218 static int open_terminal_as(const char *path, mode_t mode, int nfd) {
 219         int fd, r;
 220
 221         assert(path);
 222         assert(nfd >= 0);
 223
 224         if ((fd = open_terminal(path, mode | O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
 225                 return fd;
 226
 227         if (fd != nfd) {
 228                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 229                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 230         } else
 231                 r = nfd;
 232
 233         return r;
 234 }
 235
 236 static bool is_terminal_input(ExecInput i) {
 237         return
 238                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY ||
 239                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE ||
 240                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL;
 241 }
 242
 243 static int fixup_input(ExecInput std_input, int socket_fd, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 244
 245         if (is_terminal_input(std_input) && !apply_tty_stdin)
 246                 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL;
 247
 248         if (std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET && socket_fd < 0)
 249                 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL;
 250
 251         return std_input;
 252 }
 253
 254 static int fixup_output(ExecOutput std_output, int socket_fd) {
 255
 256         if (std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET && socket_fd < 0)
 257                 return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
 258
 259         return std_output;
 260 }
 261
 262 static int setup_input(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 263         ExecInput i;
 264
 265         assert(context);
 266
 267         i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
 268
 269         switch (i) {
 270
 271         case EXEC_INPUT_NULL:
 272                 return open_null_as(O_RDONLY, STDIN_FILENO);
 273
 274         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY:
 275         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE:
 276         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL: {
 277                 int fd, r;
 278
 279                 if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
 280                                      tty_path(context),
 281                                      i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
 282                                      i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE,
 283                                      false)) < 0)
 284                         return fd;
 285
 286                 if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
 287                         r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
 288                         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 289                 } else
 290                         r = STDIN_FILENO;
 291
 292                 return r;
 293         }
 294
 295         case EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET:
 296                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
 297
 298         default:
 299                 assert_not_reached("Unknown input type");
 300         }
 301 }
 302
 303 static int setup_output(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 304         ExecOutput o;
 305         ExecInput i;
 306
 307         assert(context);
 308         assert(ident);
 309
 310         i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
 311         o = fixup_output(context->std_output, socket_fd);
 312
 313         /* This expects the input is already set up */
 314
 315         switch (o) {
 316
 317         case EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT:
 318
 319                 /* If input got downgraded, inherit the original value */
 320                 if (i == EXEC_INPUT_NULL && is_terminal_input(context->std_input))
 321                         return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 322
 323                 /* If the input is connected to anything that's not a /dev/null, inherit that... */
 324                 if (i != EXEC_INPUT_NULL)
 325                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 326
 327                 /* If we are not started from PID 1 we just inherit STDOUT from our parent process. */
 328                 if (getppid() != 1)
 329                         return STDOUT_FILENO;
 330
 331                 /* We need to open /dev/null here anew, to get the
 332                  * right access mode. So we fall through */
 333
 334         case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
 335                 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 336
 337         case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
 338                 if (is_terminal_input(i))
 339                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 340
 341                 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
 342                 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 343
 344         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
 345         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE:
 346         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG:
 347         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE:
 348                 return connect_logger_as(context, o, ident, STDOUT_FILENO);
 349
 350         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
 351                 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
 352                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 353
 354         default:
 355                 assert_not_reached("Unknown output type");
 356         }
 357 }
 358
 359 static int setup_error(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 360         ExecOutput o, e;
 361         ExecInput i;
 362
 363         assert(context);
 364         assert(ident);
 365
 366         i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
 367         o = fixup_output(context->std_output, socket_fd);
 368         e = fixup_output(context->std_error, socket_fd);
 369
 370         /* This expects the input and output are already set up */
 371
 372         /* Don't change the stderr file descriptor if we inherit all
 373          * the way and are not on a tty */
 374         if (e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
 375             o == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
 376             i == EXEC_INPUT_NULL &&
 377             !is_terminal_input(context->std_input) &&
 378             getppid () != 1)
 379                 return STDERR_FILENO;
 380
 381         /* Duplicate from stdout if possible */
 382         if (e == o || e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT)
 383                 return dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 384
 385         switch (e) {
 386
 387         case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
 388                 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
 389
 390         case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
 391                 if (is_terminal_input(i))
 392                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 393
 394                 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
 395                 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
 396
 397         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
 398         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE:
 399         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG:
 400         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE:
 401                 return connect_logger_as(context, e, ident, STDERR_FILENO);
 402
 403         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
 404                 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
 405                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 406
 407         default:
 408                 assert_not_reached("Unknown error type");
 409         }
 410 }
 411
 412 static int chown_terminal(int fd, uid_t uid) {
 413         struct stat st;
 414
 415         assert(fd >= 0);
 416
 417         /* This might fail. What matters are the results. */
 418         (void) fchown(fd, uid, -1);
 419         (void) fchmod(fd, TTY_MODE);
 420
 421         if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
 422                 return -errno;
 423
 424         if (st.st_uid != uid || (st.st_mode & 0777) != TTY_MODE)
 425                 return -EPERM;
 426
 427         return 0;
 428 }
 429
 430 static int setup_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
 431                                int *_saved_stdin,
 432                                int *_saved_stdout) {
 433         int fd = -1, saved_stdin, saved_stdout = -1, r;
 434
 435         assert(context);
 436         assert(_saved_stdin);
 437         assert(_saved_stdout);
 438
 439         /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
 440          * negative errno style values! */
 441
 442         if ((saved_stdin = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0)
 443                 return EXIT_STDIN;
 444
 445         if ((saved_stdout = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0) {
 446                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 447                 goto fail;
 448         }
 449
 450         if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
 451                              tty_path(context),
 452                              context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
 453                              context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE,
 454                              false)) < 0) {
 455                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 456                 goto fail;
 457         }
 458
 459         if (chown_terminal(fd, getuid()) < 0) {
 460                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 461                 goto fail;
 462         }
 463
 464         if (dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0) {
 465                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 466                 goto fail;
 467         }
 468
 469         if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
 470                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 471                 goto fail;
 472         }
 473
 474         if (fd >= 2)
 475                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 476
 477         *_saved_stdin = saved_stdin;
 478         *_saved_stdout = saved_stdout;
 479
 480         return 0;
 481
 482 fail:
 483         if (saved_stdout >= 0)
 484                 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
 485
 486         if (saved_stdin >= 0)
 487                 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
 488
 489         if (fd >= 0)
 490                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 491
 492         return r;
 493 }
 494
 495 static int restore_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
 496                                  int *saved_stdin,
 497                                  int *saved_stdout,
 498                                  bool *keep_stdin,
 499                                  bool *keep_stdout) {
 500
 501         assert(context);
 502         assert(saved_stdin);
 503         assert(*saved_stdin >= 0);
 504         assert(saved_stdout);
 505         assert(*saved_stdout >= 0);
 506
 507         /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
 508          * negative errno style values! */
 509
 510         if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input)) {
 511
 512                 /* The service wants terminal input. */
 513
 514                 *keep_stdin = true;
 515                 *keep_stdout =
 516                         context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT ||
 517                         context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY;
 518
 519         } else {
 520                 /* If the service doesn't want a controlling terminal,
 521                  * then we need to get rid entirely of what we have
 522                  * already. */
 523
 524                 if (release_terminal() < 0)
 525                         return EXIT_STDIN;
 526
 527                 if (dup2(*saved_stdin, STDIN_FILENO) < 0)
 528                         return EXIT_STDIN;
 529
 530                 if (dup2(*saved_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
 531                         return EXIT_STDOUT;
 532
 533                 *keep_stdout = *keep_stdin = false;
 534         }
 535
 536         return 0;
 537 }
 538
 539 static int get_group_creds(const char *groupname, gid_t *gid) {
 540         struct group *g;
 541         unsigned long lu;
 542
 543         assert(groupname);
 544         assert(gid);
 545
 546         /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
 547          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 548
 549         if (streq(groupname, "root") || streq(groupname, "0")) {
 550                 *gid = 0;
 551                 return 0;
 552         }
 553
 554         if (safe_atolu(groupname, &lu) >= 0) {
 555                 errno = 0;
 556                 g = getgrgid((gid_t) lu);
 557         } else {
 558                 errno = 0;
 559                 g = getgrnam(groupname);
 560         }
 561
 562         if (!g)
 563                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 564
 565         *gid = g->gr_gid;
 566         return 0;
 567 }
 568
 569 static int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
 570         struct passwd *p;
 571         unsigned long lu;
 572
 573         assert(username);
 574         assert(*username);
 575         assert(uid);
 576         assert(gid);
 577         assert(home);
 578
 579         /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
 580          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 581
 582         if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
 583                 *username = "root";
 584                 *uid = 0;
 585                 *gid = 0;
 586                 *home = "/root";
 587                 return 0;
 588         }
 589
 590         if (safe_atolu(*username, &lu) >= 0) {
 591                 errno = 0;
 592                 p = getpwuid((uid_t) lu);
 593
 594                 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
 595                  * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
 596                  * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
 597                  * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
 598                  * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
 599                 if (*username && p)
 600                         *username = p->pw_name;
 601         } else {
 602                 errno = 0;
 603                 p = getpwnam(*username);
 604         }
 605
 606         if (!p)
 607                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 608
 609         *uid = p->pw_uid;
 610         *gid = p->pw_gid;
 611         *home = p->pw_dir;
 612         return 0;
 613 }
 614
 615 static int enforce_groups(const ExecContext *context, const char *username, gid_t gid) {
 616         bool keep_groups = false;
 617         int r;
 618
 619         assert(context);
 620
 621         /* Lookup and set GID and supplementary group list. Here too
 622          * we avoid NSS lookups for gid=0. */
 623
 624         if (context->group || username) {
 625
 626                 if (context->group)
 627                         if ((r = get_group_creds(context->group, &gid)) < 0)
 628                                 return r;
 629
 630                 /* First step, initialize groups from /etc/groups */
 631                 if (username && gid != 0) {
 632                         if (initgroups(username, gid) < 0)
 633                                 return -errno;
 634
 635                         keep_groups = true;
 636                 }
 637
 638                 /* Second step, set our gids */
 639                 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
 640                         return -errno;
 641         }
 642
 643         if (context->supplementary_groups) {
 644                 int ngroups_max, k;
 645                 gid_t *gids;
 646                 char **i;
 647
 648                 /* Final step, initialize any manually set supplementary groups */
 649                 assert_se((ngroups_max = (int) sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX)) > 0);
 650
 651                 if (!(gids = new(gid_t, ngroups_max)))
 652                         return -ENOMEM;
 653
 654                 if (keep_groups) {
 655                         if ((k = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids)) < 0) {
 656                                 free(gids);
 657                                 return -errno;
 658                         }
 659                 } else
 660                         k = 0;
 661
 662                 STRV_FOREACH(i, context->supplementary_groups) {
 663
 664                         if (k >= ngroups_max) {
 665                                 free(gids);
 666                                 return -E2BIG;
 667                         }
 668
 669                         if ((r = get_group_creds(*i, gids+k)) < 0) {
 670                                 free(gids);
 671                                 return r;
 672                         }
 673
 674                         k++;
 675                 }
 676
 677                 if (setgroups(k, gids) < 0) {
 678                         free(gids);
 679                         return -errno;
 680                 }
 681
 682                 free(gids);
 683         }
 684
 685         return 0;
 686 }
 687
 688 static int enforce_user(const ExecContext *context, uid_t uid) {
 689         int r;
 690         assert(context);
 691
 692         /* Sets (but doesn't lookup) the uid and make sure we keep the
 693          * capabilities while doing so. */
 694
 695         if (context->capabilities) {
 696                 cap_t d;
 697                 static const cap_value_t bits[] = {
 698                         CAP_SETUID,   /* Necessary so that we can run setresuid() below */
 699                         CAP_SETPCAP   /* Necessary so that we can set PR_SET_SECUREBITS later on */
 700                 };
 701
 702                 /* First step: If we need to keep capabilities but
 703                  * drop privileges we need to make sure we keep our
 704                  * caps, whiel we drop privileges. */
 705                 if (uid != 0) {
 706                         int sb = context->secure_bits|SECURE_KEEP_CAPS;
 707
 708                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != sb)
 709                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, sb) < 0)
 710                                         return -errno;
 711                 }
 712
 713                 /* Second step: set the capabilities. This will reduce
 714                  * the capabilities to the minimum we need. */
 715
 716                 if (!(d = cap_dup(context->capabilities)))
 717                         return -errno;
 718
 719                 if (cap_set_flag(d, CAP_EFFECTIVE, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0 ||
 720                     cap_set_flag(d, CAP_PERMITTED, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0) {
 721                         r = -errno;
 722                         cap_free(d);
 723                         return r;
 724                 }
 725
 726                 if (cap_set_proc(d) < 0) {
 727                         r = -errno;
 728                         cap_free(d);
 729                         return r;
 730                 }
 731
 732                 cap_free(d);
 733         }
 734
 735         /* Third step: actually set the uids */
 736         if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0)
 737                 return -errno;
 738
 739         /* At this point we should have all necessary capabilities but
 740            are otherwise a normal user. However, the caps might got
 741            corrupted due to the setresuid() so we need clean them up
 742            later. This is done outside of this call. */
 743
 744         return 0;
 745 }
 746
 747 #ifdef HAVE_PAM
 748
 749 static int null_conv(
 750                 int num_msg,
 751                 const struct pam_message **msg,
 752                 struct pam_response **resp,
 753                 void *appdata_ptr) {
 754
 755         /* We don't support conversations */
 756
 757         return PAM_CONV_ERR;
 758 }
 759
 760 static int setup_pam(
 761                 const char *name,
 762                 const char *user,
 763                 const char *tty,
 764                 char ***pam_env,
 765                 int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
 766
 767         static const struct pam_conv conv = {
 768                 .conv = null_conv,
 769                 .appdata_ptr = NULL
 770         };
 771
 772         pam_handle_t *handle = NULL;
 773         sigset_t ss, old_ss;
 774         int pam_code = PAM_SUCCESS;
 775         char **e = NULL;
 776         bool close_session = false;
 777         pid_t pam_pid = 0, parent_pid;
 778
 779         assert(name);
 780         assert(user);
 781         assert(pam_env);
 782
 783         /* We set up PAM in the parent process, then fork. The child
 784          * will then stay around until killed via PR_GET_PDEATHSIG or
 785          * systemd via the cgroup logic. It will then remove the PAM
 786          * session again. The parent process will exec() the actual
 787          * daemon. We do things this way to ensure that the main PID
 788          * of the daemon is the one we initially fork()ed. */
 789
 790         if ((pam_code = pam_start(name, user, &conv, &handle)) != PAM_SUCCESS) {
 791                 handle = NULL;
 792                 goto fail;
 793         }
 794
 795         if (tty)
 796                 if ((pam_code = pam_set_item(handle, PAM_TTY, tty)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 797                         goto fail;
 798
 799         if ((pam_code = pam_acct_mgmt(handle, PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 800                 goto fail;
 801
 802         if ((pam_code = pam_open_session(handle, PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 803                 goto fail;
 804
 805         close_session = true;
 806
 807         if ((pam_code = pam_setcred(handle, PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED | PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 808                 goto fail;
 809
 810         if ((!(e = pam_getenvlist(handle)))) {
 811                 pam_code = PAM_BUF_ERR;
 812                 goto fail;
 813         }
 814
 815         /* Block SIGTERM, so that we know that it won't get lost in
 816          * the child */
 817         if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
 818             sigaddset(&ss, SIGTERM) < 0 ||
 819             sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &ss, &old_ss) < 0)
 820                 goto fail;
 821
 822         parent_pid = getpid();
 823
 824         if ((pam_pid = fork()) < 0)
 825                 goto fail;
 826
 827         if (pam_pid == 0) {
 828                 int sig;
 829                 int r = EXIT_PAM;
 830
 831                 /* The child's job is to reset the PAM session on
 832                  * termination */
 833
 834                 /* This string must fit in 10 chars (i.e. the length
 835                  * of "/sbin/init") */
 836                 rename_process("sd:pam");
 837
 838                 /* Make sure we don't keep open the passed fds in this
 839                 child. We assume that otherwise only those fds are
 840                 open here that have been opened by PAM. */
 841                 close_many(fds, n_fds);
 842
 843                 /* Wait until our parent died. This will most likely
 844                  * not work since the kernel does not allow
 845                  * unprivileged parents kill their privileged children
 846                  * this way. We rely on the control groups kill logic
 847                  * to do the rest for us. */
 848                 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
 849                         goto child_finish;
 850
 851                 /* Check if our parent process might already have
 852                  * died? */
 853                 if (getppid() == parent_pid) {
 854                         if (sigwait(&ss, &sig) < 0)
 855                                 goto child_finish;
 856
 857                         assert(sig == SIGTERM);
 858                 }
 859
 860                 /* Only if our parent died we'll end the session */
 861                 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
 862                         if ((pam_code = pam_close_session(handle, PAM_DATA_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 863                                 goto child_finish;
 864
 865                 r = 0;
 866
 867         child_finish:
 868                 pam_end(handle, pam_code | PAM_DATA_SILENT);
 869                 _exit(r);
 870         }
 871
 872         /* If the child was forked off successfully it will do all the
 873          * cleanups, so forget about the handle here. */
 874         handle = NULL;
 875
 876         /* Unblock SIGSUR1 again in the parent */
 877         if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old_ss, NULL) < 0)
 878                 goto fail;
 879
 880         /* We close the log explicitly here, since the PAM modules
 881          * might have opened it, but we don't want this fd around. */
 882         closelog();
 883
 884         return 0;
 885
 886 fail:
 887         if (handle) {
 888                 if (close_session)
 889                         pam_code = pam_close_session(handle, PAM_DATA_SILENT);
 890
 891                 pam_end(handle, pam_code | PAM_DATA_SILENT);
 892         }
 893
 894         strv_free(e);
 895
 896         closelog();
 897
 898         if (pam_pid > 1) {
 899                 kill(pam_pid, SIGTERM);
 900                 kill(pam_pid, SIGCONT);
 901         }
 902
 903         return EXIT_PAM;
 904 }
 905 #endif
 906
 907 int exec_spawn(ExecCommand *command,
 908                char **argv,
 909                const ExecContext *context,
 910                int fds[], unsigned n_fds,
 911                char **environment,
 912                bool apply_permissions,
 913                bool apply_chroot,
 914                bool apply_tty_stdin,
 915                bool confirm_spawn,
 916                CGroupBonding *cgroup_bondings,
 917                pid_t *ret) {
 918
 919         pid_t pid;
 920         int r;
 921         char *line;
 922         int socket_fd;
 923         char **files_env = NULL;
 924
 925         assert(command);
 926         assert(context);
 927         assert(ret);
 928         assert(fds || n_fds <= 0);
 929
 930         if (context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET ||
 931             context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET ||
 932             context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET) {
 933
 934                 if (n_fds != 1)
 935                         return -EINVAL;
 936
 937                 socket_fd = fds[0];
 938
 939                 fds = NULL;
 940                 n_fds = 0;
 941         } else
 942                 socket_fd = -1;
 943
 944         if ((r = exec_context_load_environment(context, &files_env)) < 0) {
 945                 log_error("Failed to load environment files: %s", strerror(-r));
 946                 return r;
 947         }
 948
 949         if (!argv)
 950                 argv = command->argv;
 951
 952         if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv))) {
 953                 r = -ENOMEM;
 954                 goto fail_parent;
 955         }
 956
 957         log_debug("About to execute: %s", line);
 958         free(line);
 959
 960         if (cgroup_bondings)
 961                 if ((r = cgroup_bonding_realize_list(cgroup_bondings)))
 962                         goto fail_parent;
 963
 964         if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
 965                 r = -errno;
 966                 goto fail_parent;
 967         }
 968
 969         if (pid == 0) {
 970                 int i;
 971                 sigset_t ss;
 972                 const char *username = NULL, *home = NULL;
 973                 uid_t uid = (uid_t) -1;
 974                 gid_t gid = (gid_t) -1;
 975                 char **our_env = NULL, **pam_env = NULL, **final_env = NULL, **final_argv = NULL;
 976                 unsigned n_env = 0;
 977                 int saved_stdout = -1, saved_stdin = -1;
 978                 bool keep_stdout = false, keep_stdin = false;
 979
 980                 /* child */
 981
 982                 /* This string must fit in 10 chars (i.e. the length
 983                  * of "/sbin/init") */
 984                 rename_process("sd.exec");
 985
 986                 /* We reset exactly these signals, since they are the
 987                  * only ones we set to SIG_IGN in the main daemon. All
 988                  * others we leave untouched because we set them to
 989                  * SIG_DFL or a valid handler initially, both of which
 990                  * will be demoted to SIG_DFL. */
 991                 default_signals(SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER,
 992                                 SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
 993
 994                 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
 995                     sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0) {
 996                         r = EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK;
 997                         goto fail_child;
 998                 }
 999
1000                 /* Close sockets very early to make sure we don't
1001                  * block init reexecution because it cannot bind its
1002                  * sockets */
1003                 if (close_all_fds(socket_fd >= 0 ? &socket_fd : fds,
1004                                   socket_fd >= 0 ? 1 : n_fds) < 0) {
1005                         r = EXIT_FDS;
1006                         goto fail_child;
1007                 }
1008
1009                 if (!context->same_pgrp)
1010                         if (setsid() < 0) {
1011                                 r = EXIT_SETSID;
1012                                 goto fail_child;
1013                         }
1014
1015                 if (context->tcpwrap_name) {
1016                         if (socket_fd >= 0)
1017                                 if (!socket_tcpwrap(socket_fd, context->tcpwrap_name)) {
1018                                         r = EXIT_TCPWRAP;
1019                                         goto fail_child;
1020                                 }
1021
1022                         for (i = 0; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
1023                                 if (!socket_tcpwrap(fds[i], context->tcpwrap_name)) {
1024                                         r = EXIT_TCPWRAP;
1025                                         goto fail_child;
1026                                 }
1027                         }
1028                 }
1029
1030                 /* We skip the confirmation step if we shall not apply the TTY */
1031                 if (confirm_spawn &&
1032                     (!is_terminal_input(context->std_input) || apply_tty_stdin)) {
1033                         char response;
1034
1035                         /* Set up terminal for the question */
1036                         if ((r = setup_confirm_stdio(context,
1037                                                      &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout)))
1038                                 goto fail_child;
1039
1040                         /* Now ask the question. */
1041                         if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv))) {
1042                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1043                                 goto fail_child;
1044                         }
1045
1046                         r = ask(&response, "yns", "Execute %s? [Yes, No, Skip] ", line);
1047                         free(line);
1048
1049                         if (r < 0 || response == 'n') {
1050                                 r = EXIT_CONFIRM;
1051                                 goto fail_child;
1052                         } else if (response == 's') {
1053                                 r = 0;
1054                                 goto fail_child;
1055                         }
1056
1057                         /* Release terminal for the question */
1058                         if ((r = restore_confirm_stdio(context,
1059                                                        &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout,
1060                                                        &keep_stdin, &keep_stdout)))
1061                                 goto fail_child;
1062                 }
1063
1064                 /* If a socket is connected to STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR, we
1065                  * must sure to drop O_NONBLOCK */
1066                 if (socket_fd >= 0)
1067                         fd_nonblock(socket_fd, false);
1068
1069                 if (!keep_stdin)
1070                         if (setup_input(context, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1071                                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
1072                                 goto fail_child;
1073                         }
1074
1075                 if (!keep_stdout)
1076                         if (setup_output(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path), apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1077                                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
1078                                 goto fail_child;
1079                         }
1080
1081                 if (setup_error(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path), apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1082                         r = EXIT_STDERR;
1083                         goto fail_child;
1084                 }
1085
1086                 if (cgroup_bondings)
1087                         if (cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, 0) < 0) {
1088                                 r = EXIT_CGROUP;
1089                                 goto fail_child;
1090                         }
1091
1092                 if (context->oom_score_adjust_set) {
1093                         char t[16];
1094
1095                         snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", context->oom_score_adjust);
1096                         char_array_0(t);
1097
1098                         if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", t) < 0) {
1099                                 /* Compatibility with Linux <= 2.6.35 */
1100
1101                                 int adj;
1102
1103                                 adj = (context->oom_score_adjust * -OOM_DISABLE) / OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX;
1104                                 adj = CLAMP(adj, OOM_DISABLE, OOM_ADJUST_MAX);
1105
1106                                 snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", adj);
1107                                 char_array_0(t);
1108
1109                                 if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_adj", t) < 0) {
1110                                         r = EXIT_OOM_ADJUST;
1111                                         goto fail_child;
1112                                 }
1113                         }
1114                 }
1115
1116                 if (context->nice_set)
1117                         if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, context->nice) < 0) {
1118                                 r = EXIT_NICE;
1119                                 goto fail_child;
1120                         }
1121
1122                 if (context->cpu_sched_set) {
1123                         struct sched_param param;
1124
1125                         zero(param);
1126                         param.sched_priority = context->cpu_sched_priority;
1127
1128                         if (sched_setscheduler(0, context->cpu_sched_policy |
1129                                                (context->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork ? SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK : 0), &param) < 0) {
1130                                 r = EXIT_SETSCHEDULER;
1131                                 goto fail_child;
1132                         }
1133                 }
1134
1135                 if (context->cpuset)
1136                         if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(context->cpuset_ncpus), context->cpuset) < 0) {
1137                                 r = EXIT_CPUAFFINITY;
1138                                 goto fail_child;
1139                         }
1140
1141                 if (context->ioprio_set)
1142                         if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, context->ioprio) < 0) {
1143                                 r = EXIT_IOPRIO;
1144                                 goto fail_child;
1145                         }
1146
1147                 if (context->timer_slack_nsec_set)
1148                         if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, context->timer_slack_nsec) < 0) {
1149                                 r = EXIT_TIMERSLACK;
1150                                 goto fail_child;
1151                         }
1152
1153                 if (context->utmp_id)
1154                         utmp_put_init_process(0, context->utmp_id, getpid(), getsid(0), context->tty_path);
1155
1156                 if (context->user) {
1157                         username = context->user;
1158                         if (get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home) < 0) {
1159                                 r = EXIT_USER;
1160                                 goto fail_child;
1161                         }
1162
1163                         if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input))
1164                                 if (chown_terminal(STDIN_FILENO, uid) < 0) {
1165                                         r = EXIT_STDIN;
1166                                         goto fail_child;
1167                                 }
1168                 }
1169
1170 #ifdef HAVE_PAM
1171                 if (context->pam_name && username) {
1172                         if (setup_pam(context->pam_name, username, context->tty_path, &pam_env, fds, n_fds) < 0) {
1173                                 r = EXIT_PAM;
1174                                 goto fail_child;
1175                         }
1176                 }
1177 #endif
1178
1179                 if (apply_permissions)
1180                         if (enforce_groups(context, username, uid) < 0) {
1181                                 r = EXIT_GROUP;
1182                                 goto fail_child;
1183                         }
1184
1185                 umask(context->umask);
1186
1187                 if (strv_length(context->read_write_dirs) > 0 ||
1188                     strv_length(context->read_only_dirs) > 0 ||
1189                     strv_length(context->inaccessible_dirs) > 0 ||
1190                     context->mount_flags != MS_SHARED ||
1191                     context->private_tmp)
1192                         if ((r = setup_namespace(
1193                                              context->read_write_dirs,
1194                                              context->read_only_dirs,
1195                                              context->inaccessible_dirs,
1196                                              context->private_tmp,
1197                                              context->mount_flags)) < 0)
1198                                 goto fail_child;
1199
1200                 if (apply_chroot) {
1201                         if (context->root_directory)
1202                                 if (chroot(context->root_directory) < 0) {
1203                                         r = EXIT_CHROOT;
1204                                         goto fail_child;
1205                                 }
1206
1207                         if (chdir(context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "/") < 0) {
1208                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
1209                                 goto fail_child;
1210                         }
1211                 } else {
1212
1213                         char *d;
1214
1215                         if (asprintf(&d, "%s/%s",
1216                                      context->root_directory ? context->root_directory : "",
1217                                      context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "") < 0) {
1218                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1219                                 goto fail_child;
1220                         }
1221
1222                         if (chdir(d) < 0) {
1223                                 free(d);
1224                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
1225                                 goto fail_child;
1226                         }
1227
1228                         free(d);
1229                 }
1230
1231                 /* We repeat the fd closing here, to make sure that
1232                  * nothing is leaked from the PAM modules */
1233                 if (close_all_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
1234                     shift_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
1235                     flags_fds(fds, n_fds, context->non_blocking) < 0) {
1236                         r = EXIT_FDS;
1237                         goto fail_child;
1238                 }
1239
1240                 if (apply_permissions) {
1241
1242                         for (i = 0; i < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; i++) {
1243                                 if (!context->rlimit[i])
1244                                         continue;
1245
1246                                 if (setrlimit(i, context->rlimit[i]) < 0) {
1247                                         r = EXIT_LIMITS;
1248                                         goto fail_child;
1249                                 }
1250                         }
1251
1252                         if (context->capability_bounding_set_drop)
1253                                 for (i = 0; i <= CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
1254                                         if (context->capability_bounding_set_drop & ((uint64_t) 1ULL << (uint64_t) i)) {
1255                                                 if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, i) < 0) {
1256                                                         r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES;
1257                                                         goto fail_child;
1258                                                 }
1259                                         }
1260
1261                         if (context->user)
1262                                 if (enforce_user(context, uid) < 0) {
1263                                         r = EXIT_USER;
1264                                         goto fail_child;
1265                                 }
1266
1267                         /* PR_GET_SECUREBITS is not privileged, while
1268                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS is. So to suppress
1269                          * potential EPERMs we'll try not to call
1270                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS unless necessary. */
1271                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != context->secure_bits)
1272                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, context->secure_bits) < 0) {
1273                                         r = EXIT_SECUREBITS;
1274                                         goto fail_child;
1275                                 }
1276
1277                         if (context->capabilities)
1278                                 if (cap_set_proc(context->capabilities) < 0) {
1279                                         r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES;
1280                                         goto fail_child;
1281                                 }
1282                 }
1283
1284                 if (!(our_env = new0(char*, 7))) {
1285                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1286                         goto fail_child;
1287                 }
1288
1289                 if (n_fds > 0)
1290                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_PID=%lu", (unsigned long) getpid()) < 0 ||
1291                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fds) < 0) {
1292                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1293                                 goto fail_child;
1294                         }
1295
1296                 if (home)
1297                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "HOME=%s", home) < 0) {
1298                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1299                                 goto fail_child;
1300                         }
1301
1302                 if (username)
1303                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LOGNAME=%s", username) < 0 ||
1304                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "USER=%s", username) < 0) {
1305                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1306                                 goto fail_child;
1307                         }
1308
1309                 if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input) ||
1310                     context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY ||
1311                     context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY)
1312                         if (!(our_env[n_env++] = strdup(default_term_for_tty(tty_path(context))))) {
1313                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1314                                 goto fail_child;
1315                         }
1316
1317                 assert(n_env <= 7);
1318
1319                 if (!(final_env = strv_env_merge(
1320                                       5,
1321                                       environment,
1322                                       our_env,
1323                                       context->environment,
1324                                       files_env,
1325                                       pam_env,
1326                                       NULL))) {
1327                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1328                         goto fail_child;
1329                 }
1330
1331                 if (!(final_argv = replace_env_argv(argv, final_env))) {
1332                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1333                         goto fail_child;
1334                 }
1335
1336                 final_env = strv_env_clean(final_env);
1337
1338                 execve(command->path, final_argv, final_env);
1339                 r = EXIT_EXEC;
1340
1341         fail_child:
1342                 strv_free(our_env);
1343                 strv_free(final_env);
1344                 strv_free(pam_env);
1345                 strv_free(files_env);
1346                 strv_free(final_argv);
1347
1348                 if (saved_stdin >= 0)
1349                         close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
1350
1351                 if (saved_stdout >= 0)
1352                         close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
1353
1354                 _exit(r);
1355         }
1356
1357         strv_free(files_env);
1358
1359         /* We add the new process to the cgroup both in the child (so
1360          * that we can be sure that no user code is ever executed
1361          * outside of the cgroup) and in the parent (so that we can be
1362          * sure that when we kill the cgroup the process will be
1363          * killed too). */
1364         if (cgroup_bondings)
1365                 cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, pid);
1366
1367         log_debug("Forked %s as %lu", command->path, (unsigned long) pid);
1368
1369         exec_status_start(&command->exec_status, pid);
1370
1371         *ret = pid;
1372         return 0;
1373
1374 fail_parent:
1375         strv_free(files_env);
1376
1377         return r;
1378 }
1379
1380 void exec_context_init(ExecContext *c) {
1381         assert(c);
1382
1383         c->umask = 0002;
1384         c->ioprio = IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 0);
1385         c->cpu_sched_policy = SCHED_OTHER;
1386         c->syslog_priority = LOG_DAEMON|LOG_INFO;
1387         c->syslog_level_prefix = true;
1388         c->mount_flags = MS_SHARED;
1389         c->kill_signal = SIGTERM;
1390         c->send_sigkill = true;
1391 }
1392
1393 void exec_context_done(ExecContext *c) {
1394         unsigned l;
1395
1396         assert(c);
1397
1398         strv_free(c->environment);
1399         c->environment = NULL;
1400
1401         strv_free(c->environment_files);
1402         c->environment_files = NULL;
1403
1404         for (l = 0; l < ELEMENTSOF(c->rlimit); l++) {
1405                 free(c->rlimit[l]);
1406                 c->rlimit[l] = NULL;
1407         }
1408
1409         free(c->working_directory);
1410         c->working_directory = NULL;
1411         free(c->root_directory);
1412         c->root_directory = NULL;
1413
1414         free(c->tty_path);
1415         c->tty_path = NULL;
1416
1417         free(c->tcpwrap_name);
1418         c->tcpwrap_name = NULL;
1419
1420         free(c->syslog_identifier);
1421         c->syslog_identifier = NULL;
1422
1423         free(c->user);
1424         c->user = NULL;
1425
1426         free(c->group);
1427         c->group = NULL;
1428
1429         strv_free(c->supplementary_groups);
1430         c->supplementary_groups = NULL;
1431
1432         free(c->pam_name);
1433         c->pam_name = NULL;
1434
1435         if (c->capabilities) {
1436                 cap_free(c->capabilities);
1437                 c->capabilities = NULL;
1438         }
1439
1440         strv_free(c->read_only_dirs);
1441         c->read_only_dirs = NULL;
1442
1443         strv_free(c->read_write_dirs);
1444         c->read_write_dirs = NULL;
1445
1446         strv_free(c->inaccessible_dirs);
1447         c->inaccessible_dirs = NULL;
1448
1449         if (c->cpuset)
1450                 CPU_FREE(c->cpuset);
1451
1452         free(c->utmp_id);
1453         c->utmp_id = NULL;
1454 }
1455
1456 void exec_command_done(ExecCommand *c) {
1457         assert(c);
1458
1459         free(c->path);
1460         c->path = NULL;
1461
1462         strv_free(c->argv);
1463         c->argv = NULL;
1464 }
1465
1466 void exec_command_done_array(ExecCommand *c, unsigned n) {
1467         unsigned i;
1468
1469         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
1470                 exec_command_done(c+i);
1471 }
1472
1473 void exec_command_free_list(ExecCommand *c) {
1474         ExecCommand *i;
1475
1476         while ((i = c)) {
1477                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecCommand, command, c, i);
1478                 exec_command_done(i);
1479                 free(i);
1480         }
1481 }
1482
1483 void exec_command_free_array(ExecCommand **c, unsigned n) {
1484         unsigned i;
1485
1486         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1487                 exec_command_free_list(c[i]);
1488                 c[i] = NULL;
1489         }
1490 }
1491
1492 int exec_context_load_environment(const ExecContext *c, char ***l) {
1493         char **i, **r = NULL;
1494
1495         assert(c);
1496         assert(l);
1497
1498         STRV_FOREACH(i, c->environment_files) {
1499                 char *fn;
1500                 int k;
1501                 bool ignore = false;
1502                 char **p;
1503
1504                 fn = *i;
1505
1506                 if (fn[0] == '-') {
1507                         ignore = true;
1508                         fn ++;
1509                 }
1510
1511                 if (!path_is_absolute(fn)) {
1512
1513                         if (ignore)
1514                                 continue;
1515
1516                         strv_free(r);
1517                         return -EINVAL;
1518                 }
1519
1520                 if ((k = load_env_file(fn, &p)) < 0) {
1521
1522                         if (ignore)
1523                                 continue;
1524
1525                         strv_free(r);
1526                         return k;
1527                 }
1528
1529                 if (r == NULL)
1530                         r = p;
1531                 else {
1532                         char **m;
1533
1534                         m = strv_env_merge(2, r, p);
1535                         strv_free(r);
1536                         strv_free(p);
1537
1538                         if (!m)
1539                                 return -ENOMEM;
1540
1541                         r = m;
1542                 }
1543         }
1544
1545         *l = r;
1546
1547         return 0;
1548 }
1549
1550 static void strv_fprintf(FILE *f, char **l) {
1551         char **g;
1552
1553         assert(f);
1554
1555         STRV_FOREACH(g, l)
1556                 fprintf(f, " %s", *g);
1557 }
1558
1559 void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
1560         char ** e;
1561         unsigned i;
1562
1563         assert(c);
1564         assert(f);
1565
1566         if (!prefix)
1567                 prefix = "";
1568
1569         fprintf(f,
1570                 "%sUMask: %04o\n"
1571                 "%sWorkingDirectory: %s\n"
1572                 "%sRootDirectory: %s\n"
1573                 "%sNonBlocking: %s\n"
1574                 "%sPrivateTmp: %s\n",
1575                 prefix, c->umask,
1576                 prefix, c->working_directory ? c->working_directory : "/",
1577                 prefix, c->root_directory ? c->root_directory : "/",
1578                 prefix, yes_no(c->non_blocking),
1579                 prefix, yes_no(c->private_tmp));
1580
1581         STRV_FOREACH(e, c->environment)
1582                 fprintf(f, "%sEnvironment: %s\n", prefix, *e);
1583
1584         STRV_FOREACH(e, c->environment_files)
1585                 fprintf(f, "%sEnvironmentFile: %s\n", prefix, *e);
1586
1587         if (c->tcpwrap_name)
1588                 fprintf(f,
1589                         "%sTCPWrapName: %s\n",
1590                         prefix, c->tcpwrap_name);
1591
1592         if (c->nice_set)
1593                 fprintf(f,
1594                         "%sNice: %i\n",
1595                         prefix, c->nice);
1596
1597         if (c->oom_score_adjust_set)
1598                 fprintf(f,
1599                         "%sOOMScoreAdjust: %i\n",
1600                         prefix, c->oom_score_adjust);
1601
1602         for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
1603                 if (c->rlimit[i])
1604                         fprintf(f, "%s%s: %llu\n", prefix, rlimit_to_string(i), (unsigned long long) c->rlimit[i]->rlim_max);
1605
1606         if (c->ioprio_set)
1607                 fprintf(f,
1608                         "%sIOSchedulingClass: %s\n"
1609                         "%sIOPriority: %i\n",
1610                         prefix, ioprio_class_to_string(IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(c->ioprio)),
1611                         prefix, (int) IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(c->ioprio));
1612
1613         if (c->cpu_sched_set)
1614                 fprintf(f,
1615                         "%sCPUSchedulingPolicy: %s\n"
1616                         "%sCPUSchedulingPriority: %i\n"
1617                         "%sCPUSchedulingResetOnFork: %s\n",
1618                         prefix, sched_policy_to_string(c->cpu_sched_policy),
1619                         prefix, c->cpu_sched_priority,
1620                         prefix, yes_no(c->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork));
1621
1622         if (c->cpuset) {
1623                 fprintf(f, "%sCPUAffinity:", prefix);
1624                 for (i = 0; i < c->cpuset_ncpus; i++)
1625                         if (CPU_ISSET_S(i, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(c->cpuset_ncpus), c->cpuset))
1626                                 fprintf(f, " %i", i);
1627                 fputs("\n", f);
1628         }
1629
1630         if (c->timer_slack_nsec_set)
1631                 fprintf(f, "%sTimerSlackNSec: %lu\n", prefix, c->timer_slack_nsec);
1632
1633         fprintf(f,
1634                 "%sStandardInput: %s\n"
1635                 "%sStandardOutput: %s\n"
1636                 "%sStandardError: %s\n",
1637                 prefix, exec_input_to_string(c->std_input),
1638                 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_output),
1639                 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_error));
1640
1641         if (c->tty_path)
1642                 fprintf(f,
1643                         "%sTTYPath: %s\n",
1644                         prefix, c->tty_path);
1645
1646         if (c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG ||
1647             c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE ||
1648             c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG ||
1649             c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE)
1650                 fprintf(f,
1651                         "%sSyslogFacility: %s\n"
1652                         "%sSyslogLevel: %s\n",
1653                         prefix, log_facility_unshifted_to_string(c->syslog_priority >> 3),
1654                         prefix, log_level_to_string(LOG_PRI(c->syslog_priority)));
1655
1656         if (c->capabilities) {
1657                 char *t;
1658                 if ((t = cap_to_text(c->capabilities, NULL))) {
1659                         fprintf(f, "%sCapabilities: %s\n",
1660                                 prefix, t);
1661                         cap_free(t);
1662                 }
1663         }
1664
1665         if (c->secure_bits)
1666                 fprintf(f, "%sSecure Bits:%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
1667                         prefix,
1668                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS) ? " keep-caps" : "",
1669                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED) ? " keep-caps-locked" : "",
1670                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP) ? " no-setuid-fixup" : "",
1671                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED) ? " no-setuid-fixup-locked" : "",
1672                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT) ? " noroot" : "",
1673                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT_LOCKED) ? "noroot-locked" : "");
1674
1675         if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1676                 fprintf(f, "%sCapabilityBoundingSet:", prefix);
1677
1678                 for (i = 0; i <= CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
1679                         if (!(c->capability_bounding_set_drop & ((uint64_t) 1ULL << (uint64_t) i))) {
1680                                 char *t;
1681
1682                                 if ((t = cap_to_name(i))) {
1683                                         fprintf(f, " %s", t);
1684                                         cap_free(t);
1685                                 }
1686                         }
1687
1688                 fputs("\n", f);
1689         }
1690
1691         if (c->user)
1692                 fprintf(f, "%sUser: %s\n", prefix, c->user);
1693         if (c->group)
1694                 fprintf(f, "%sGroup: %s\n", prefix, c->group);
1695
1696         if (strv_length(c->supplementary_groups) > 0) {
1697                 fprintf(f, "%sSupplementaryGroups:", prefix);
1698                 strv_fprintf(f, c->supplementary_groups);
1699                 fputs("\n", f);
1700         }
1701
1702         if (c->pam_name)
1703                 fprintf(f, "%sPAMName: %s\n", prefix, c->pam_name);
1704
1705         if (strv_length(c->read_write_dirs) > 0) {
1706                 fprintf(f, "%sReadWriteDirs:", prefix);
1707                 strv_fprintf(f, c->read_write_dirs);
1708                 fputs("\n", f);
1709         }
1710
1711         if (strv_length(c->read_only_dirs) > 0) {
1712                 fprintf(f, "%sReadOnlyDirs:", prefix);
1713                 strv_fprintf(f, c->read_only_dirs);
1714                 fputs("\n", f);
1715         }
1716
1717         if (strv_length(c->inaccessible_dirs) > 0) {
1718                 fprintf(f, "%sInaccessibleDirs:", prefix);
1719                 strv_fprintf(f, c->inaccessible_dirs);
1720                 fputs("\n", f);
1721         }
1722
1723         fprintf(f,
1724                 "%sKillMode: %s\n"
1725                 "%sKillSignal: SIG%s\n"
1726                 "%sSendSIGKILL: %s\n",
1727                 prefix, kill_mode_to_string(c->kill_mode),
1728                 prefix, signal_to_string(c->kill_signal),
1729                 prefix, yes_no(c->send_sigkill));
1730
1731         if (c->utmp_id)
1732                 fprintf(f,
1733                         "%sUtmpIdentifier: %s\n",
1734                         prefix, c->utmp_id);
1735 }
1736
1737 void exec_status_start(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid) {
1738         assert(s);
1739
1740         zero(*s);
1741         s->pid = pid;
1742         dual_timestamp_get(&s->start_timestamp);
1743 }
1744
1745 void exec_status_exit(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid, int code, int status, const char *utmp_id) {
1746         assert(s);
1747
1748         if ((s->pid && s->pid != pid) ||
1749             !s->start_timestamp.realtime <= 0)
1750                 zero(*s);
1751
1752         s->pid = pid;
1753         dual_timestamp_get(&s->exit_timestamp);
1754
1755         s->code = code;
1756         s->status = status;
1757
1758         if (utmp_id)
1759                 utmp_put_dead_process(utmp_id, pid, code, status);
1760 }
1761
1762 void exec_status_dump(ExecStatus *s, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1763         char buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
1764
1765         assert(s);
1766         assert(f);
1767
1768         if (!prefix)
1769                 prefix = "";
1770
1771         if (s->pid <= 0)
1772                 return;
1773
1774         fprintf(f,
1775                 "%sPID: %lu\n",
1776                 prefix, (unsigned long) s->pid);
1777
1778         if (s->start_timestamp.realtime > 0)
1779                 fprintf(f,
1780                         "%sStart Timestamp: %s\n",
1781                         prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->start_timestamp.realtime));
1782
1783         if (s->exit_timestamp.realtime > 0)
1784                 fprintf(f,
1785                         "%sExit Timestamp: %s\n"
1786                         "%sExit Code: %s\n"
1787                         "%sExit Status: %i\n",
1788                         prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->exit_timestamp.realtime),
1789                         prefix, sigchld_code_to_string(s->code),
1790                         prefix, s->status);
1791 }
1792
1793 char *exec_command_line(char **argv) {
1794         size_t k;
1795         char *n, *p, **a;
1796         bool first = true;
1797
1798         assert(argv);
1799
1800         k = 1;
1801         STRV_FOREACH(a, argv)
1802                 k += strlen(*a)+3;
1803
1804         if (!(n = new(char, k)))
1805                 return NULL;
1806
1807         p = n;
1808         STRV_FOREACH(a, argv) {
1809
1810                 if (!first)
1811                         *(p++) = ' ';
1812                 else
1813                         first = false;
1814
1815                 if (strpbrk(*a, WHITESPACE)) {
1816                         *(p++) = '\'';
1817                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
1818                         *(p++) = '\'';
1819                 } else
1820                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
1821
1822         }
1823
1824         *p = 0;
1825
1826         /* FIXME: this doesn't really handle arguments that have
1827          * spaces and ticks in them */
1828
1829         return n;
1830 }
1831
1832 void exec_command_dump(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1833         char *p2;
1834         const char *prefix2;
1835
1836         char *cmd;
1837
1838         assert(c);
1839         assert(f);
1840
1841         if (!prefix)
1842                 prefix = "";
1843         p2 = strappend(prefix, "\t");
1844         prefix2 = p2 ? p2 : prefix;
1845
1846         cmd = exec_command_line(c->argv);
1847
1848         fprintf(f,
1849                 "%sCommand Line: %s\n",
1850                 prefix, cmd ? cmd : strerror(ENOMEM));
1851
1852         free(cmd);
1853
1854         exec_status_dump(&c->exec_status, f, prefix2);
1855
1856         free(p2);
1857 }
1858
1859 void exec_command_dump_list(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1860         assert(f);
1861
1862         if (!prefix)
1863                 prefix = "";
1864
1865         LIST_FOREACH(command, c, c)
1866                 exec_command_dump(c, f, prefix);
1867 }
1868
1869 void exec_command_append_list(ExecCommand **l, ExecCommand *e) {
1870         ExecCommand *end;
1871
1872         assert(l);
1873         assert(e);
1874
1875         if (*l) {
1876                 /* It's kind of important, that we keep the order here */
1877                 LIST_FIND_TAIL(ExecCommand, command, *l, end);
1878                 LIST_INSERT_AFTER(ExecCommand, command, *l, end, e);
1879         } else
1880               *l = e;
1881 }
1882
1883 int exec_command_set(ExecCommand *c, const char *path, ...) {
1884         va_list ap;
1885         char **l, *p;
1886
1887         assert(c);
1888         assert(path);
1889
1890         va_start(ap, path);
1891         l = strv_new_ap(path, ap);
1892         va_end(ap);
1893
1894         if (!l)
1895                 return -ENOMEM;
1896
1897         if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
1898                 strv_free(l);
1899                 return -ENOMEM;
1900         }
1901
1902         free(c->path);
1903         c->path = p;
1904
1905         strv_free(c->argv);
1906         c->argv = l;
1907
1908         return 0;
1909 }
1910
1911 static const char* const exec_input_table[_EXEC_INPUT_MAX] = {
1912         [EXEC_INPUT_NULL] = "null",
1913         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1914         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE] = "tty-force",
1915         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL] = "tty-fail",
1916         [EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1917 };
1918
1919 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_input, ExecInput);
1920
1921 static const char* const exec_output_table[_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX] = {
1922         [EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT] = "inherit",
1923         [EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL] = "null",
1924         [EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1925         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG] = "syslog",
1926         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE] = "syslog+console",
1927         [EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG] = "kmsg",
1928         [EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE] = "kmsg+console",
1929         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1930 };
1931
1932 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_output, ExecOutput);
1933
1934 static const char* const kill_mode_table[_KILL_MODE_MAX] = {
1935         [KILL_CONTROL_GROUP] = "control-group",
1936         [KILL_PROCESS] = "process",
1937         [KILL_NONE] = "none"
1938 };
1939
1940 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(kill_mode, KillMode);
1941
1942 static const char* const kill_who_table[_KILL_WHO_MAX] = {
1943         [KILL_MAIN] = "main",
1944         [KILL_CONTROL] = "control",
1945         [KILL_ALL] = "all"
1946 };
1947
1948 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(kill_who, KillWho);