src/core/main.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   Lesser General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
  23
  24 #include <stdio.h>
  25 #include <errno.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <unistd.h>
  28 #include <sys/types.h>
  29 #include <sys/stat.h>
  30 #include <getopt.h>
  31 #include <signal.h>
  32 #include <sys/wait.h>
  33 #include <fcntl.h>
  34 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  35 #include <sys/mount.h>
  36
  37 #include "manager.h"
  38 #include "log.h"
  39 #include "load-fragment.h"
  40 #include "fdset.h"
  41 #include "special.h"
  42 #include "conf-parser.h"
  43 #include "dbus-common.h"
  44 #include "missing.h"
  45 #include "label.h"
  46 #include "build.h"
  47 #include "strv.h"
  48 #include "def.h"
  49 #include "virt.h"
  50 #include "watchdog.h"
  51 #include "path-util.h"
  52 #include "switch-root.h"
  53 #include "capability.h"
  54 #include "killall.h"
  55 #include "env-util.h"
  56 #include "hwclock.h"
  57 #include "sd-daemon.h"
  58 #include "sd-messages.h"
  59
  60 #include "mount-setup.h"
  61 #include "loopback-setup.h"
  62 #ifdef HAVE_KMOD
  63 #include "kmod-setup.h"
  64 #endif
  65 #include "hostname-setup.h"
  66 #include "machine-id-setup.h"
  67 #include "locale-setup.h"
  68 #include "selinux-setup.h"
  69 #include "ima-setup.h"
  70 #include "fileio.h"
  71 #include "smack-setup.h"
  72
  73 static enum {
  74         ACTION_RUN,
  75         ACTION_HELP,
  76         ACTION_VERSION,
  77         ACTION_TEST,
  78         ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
  79         ACTION_DONE
  80 } arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
  81
  82 static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
  83 static SystemdRunningAs arg_running_as = _SYSTEMD_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
  84
  85 static bool arg_dump_core = true;
  86 static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
  87 static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
  88 static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
  89 static bool arg_show_status = true;
  90 static bool arg_switched_root = false;
  91 static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
  92 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
  93 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
  94 static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
  95 static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
  96 static char **arg_default_environment = NULL;
  97 static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NLIMITS] = {};
  98 static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set_drop = 0;
  99 static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = (nsec_t) -1;
 100
 101 static FILE* serialization = NULL;
 102
 103 static void nop_handler(int sig) {
 104 }
 105
 106 _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) {
 107
 108         if (getpid() != 1)
 109                 /* Pass this on immediately, if this is not PID 1 */
 110                 raise(sig);
 111         else if (!arg_dump_core)
 112                 log_error("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
 113         else {
 114                 struct sigaction sa = {
 115                         .sa_handler = nop_handler,
 116                         .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART,
 117                 };
 118                 pid_t pid;
 119
 120                 /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
 121                 sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);
 122
 123                 pid = fork();
 124                 if (pid < 0)
 125                         log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno));
 126
 127                 else if (pid == 0) {
 128                         struct rlimit rl = {};
 129
 130                         /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
 131                         zero(sa);
 132                         sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
 133                         sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL);
 134
 135                         /* Don't limit the core dump size */
 136                         rl.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
 137                         rl.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
 138                         setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
 139
 140                         /* Just to be sure... */
 141                         chdir("/");
 142
 143                         /* Raise the signal again */
 144                         raise(sig);
 145
 146                         assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
 147                         _exit(1);
 148
 149                 } else {
 150                         siginfo_t status;
 151                         int r;
 152
 153                         /* Order things nicely. */
 154                         r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
 155                         if (r < 0)
 156                                 log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r));
 157                         else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
 158                                 log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig));
 159                         else
 160                                 log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", signal_to_string(sig), (unsigned long) pid);
 161                 }
 162         }
 163
 164         if (arg_crash_chvt)
 165                 chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
 166
 167         if (arg_crash_shell) {
 168                 struct sigaction sa = {
 169                         .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
 170                         .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART,
 171                 };
 172                 pid_t pid;
 173
 174                 log_info("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
 175                 sleep(10);
 176
 177                 /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
 178                 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
 179
 180                 pid = fork();
 181                 if (pid < 0)
 182                         log_error("Failed to fork off crash shell: %m");
 183                 else if (pid == 0) {
 184                         make_console_stdio();
 185                         execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
 186
 187                         log_error("execl() failed: %m");
 188                         _exit(1);
 189                 }
 190
 191                 log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", (unsigned long) pid);
 192         }
 193
 194         log_info("Freezing execution.");
 195         freeze();
 196 }
 197
 198 static void install_crash_handler(void) {
 199         struct sigaction sa = {
 200                 .sa_handler = crash,
 201                 .sa_flags = SA_NODEFER,
 202         };
 203
 204         sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
 205 }
 206
 207 static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
 208         int tty_fd, r;
 209
 210         /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
 211          * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
 212
 213         release_terminal();
 214
 215         if (!do_reset)
 216                 return 0;
 217
 218         tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
 219         if (tty_fd < 0) {
 220                 log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
 221                 return -tty_fd;
 222         }
 223
 224         /* We don't want to force text mode.
 225          * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
 226         r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
 227         if (r < 0)
 228                 log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
 229
 230         close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
 231         return r;
 232 }
 233
 234 static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
 235         char *c;
 236
 237         assert(u);
 238
 239         c = strdup(u);
 240         if (!c)
 241                 return -ENOMEM;
 242
 243         free(arg_default_unit);
 244         arg_default_unit = c;
 245
 246         return 0;
 247 }
 248
 249 static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
 250
 251         static const char * const rlmap[] = {
 252                 "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
 253                 "-b",        SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
 254                 "single",    SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 255                 "-s",        SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 256                 "s",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 257                 "S",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 258                 "1",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 259                 "2",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
 260                 "3",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
 261                 "4",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
 262                 "5",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
 263         };
 264
 265         assert(word);
 266
 267         if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit=")) {
 268
 269                 if (!in_initrd())
 270                         return set_default_unit(word + 13);
 271
 272         } else if (startswith(word, "rd.systemd.unit=")) {
 273
 274                 if (in_initrd())
 275                         return set_default_unit(word + 16);
 276
 277         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
 278
 279                 if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
 280                         log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
 281
 282         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
 283
 284                 if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
 285                         log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
 286
 287         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
 288
 289                 if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
 290                         log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
 291
 292         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
 293
 294                 if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
 295                         log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
 296
 297         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
 298                 int r;
 299
 300                 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
 301                         log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
 302                 else
 303                         arg_dump_core = r;
 304
 305         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
 306                 int r;
 307
 308                 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
 309                         log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
 310                 else
 311                         arg_crash_shell = r;
 312
 313         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
 314                 int r;
 315
 316                 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
 317                         log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
 318                 else
 319                         arg_confirm_spawn = r;
 320
 321         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
 322                 int k;
 323
 324                 if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
 325                         log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
 326                 else
 327                         arg_crash_chvt = k;
 328
 329         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
 330                 int r;
 331
 332                 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
 333                         log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
 334                 else
 335                         arg_show_status = r;
 336         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
 337                 int r;
 338
 339                 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
 340                         log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
 341                 else
 342                         arg_default_std_output = r;
 343         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
 344                 int r;
 345
 346                 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
 347                         log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
 348                 else
 349                         arg_default_std_error = r;
 350         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
 351                 _cleanup_free_ char *cenv = NULL;
 352                 char *eq;
 353                 int r;
 354
 355                 cenv = strdup(word + 15);
 356                 if (!cenv)
 357                         return -ENOMEM;
 358
 359                 eq = strchr(cenv, '=');
 360                 if (!eq) {
 361                         if (!env_name_is_valid(cenv))
 362                                 log_warning("Environment variable name '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", cenv);
 363                         else  {
 364                                 r = unsetenv(cenv);
 365                                 if (r < 0)
 366                                         log_warning("Unsetting environment variable '%s' failed, ignoring: %m", cenv);
 367                         }
 368                 } else {
 369                         if (!env_assignment_is_valid(cenv))
 370                                 log_warning("Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", cenv);
 371                         else {
 372                                 *eq = 0;
 373                                 r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1);
 374                                 if (r < 0)
 375                                         log_warning("Setting environment variable '%s=%s' failed, ignoring: %m", cenv, eq + 1);
 376                         }
 377                 }
 378
 379         } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.") ||
 380                    (in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd.systemd."))) {
 381
 382                 const char *c;
 383
 384                 /* Ignore systemd.journald.xyz and friends */
 385                 c = word;
 386                 if (startswith(c, "rd."))
 387                         c += 3;
 388                 if (startswith(c, "systemd."))
 389                         c += 8;
 390                 if (c[strcspn(c, ".=")] != '.')  {
 391
 392                         log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
 393
 394                         log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
 395                                  "systemd.unit=UNIT                        Default unit to start\n"
 396                                  "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT                     Default unit to start when run in initrd\n"
 397                                  "systemd.dump_core=0|1                    Dump core on crash\n"
 398                                  "systemd.crash_shell=0|1                  Run shell on crash\n"
 399                                  "systemd.crash_chvt=N                     Change to VT #N on crash\n"
 400                                  "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1                Confirm every process spawn\n"
 401                                  "systemd.show_status=0|1                  Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
 402                                  "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
 403                                  "                                         Log target\n"
 404                                  "systemd.log_level=LEVEL                  Log level\n"
 405                                  "systemd.log_color=0|1                    Highlight important log messages\n"
 406                                  "systemd.log_location=0|1                 Include code location in log messages\n"
 407                                  "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
 408                                  "                                         Set default log output for services\n"
 409                                  "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
 410                                  "                                         Set default log error output for services\n"
 411                                  "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT                Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n");
 412                 }
 413
 414         } else if (streq(word, "quiet"))
 415                 arg_show_status = false;
 416         else if (streq(word, "debug"))
 417                 log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
 418         else if (!in_initrd()) {
 419                 unsigned i;
 420
 421                 /* SysV compatibility */
 422                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
 423                         if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
 424                                 return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
 425         }
 426
 427         return 0;
 428 }
 429
 430 #define DEFINE_SETTER(name, func, descr)                              \
 431         static int name(const char *unit,                             \
 432                         const char *filename,                         \
 433                         unsigned line,                                \
 434                         const char *section,                          \
 435                         const char *lvalue,                           \
 436                         int ltype,                                    \
 437                         const char *rvalue,                           \
 438                         void *data,                                   \
 439                         void *userdata) {                             \
 440                                                                       \
 441                 int r;                                                \
 442                                                                       \
 443                 assert(filename);                                     \
 444                 assert(lvalue);                                       \
 445                 assert(rvalue);                                       \
 446                                                                       \
 447                 r = func(rvalue);                                     \
 448                 if (r < 0)                                            \
 449                         log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, -r, \
 450                                    "Invalid " descr "'%s': %s",       \
 451                                    rvalue, strerror(-r));             \
 452                                                                       \
 453                 return 0;                                             \
 454         }
 455
 456 DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_level2, log_set_max_level_from_string, "log level")
 457 DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_target, log_set_target_from_string, "target")
 458 DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_color, log_show_color_from_string, "color" )
 459 DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_location, log_show_location_from_string, "location")
 460
 461
 462 static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(const char *unit,
 463                                       const char *filename,
 464                                       unsigned line,
 465                                       const char *section,
 466                                       const char *lvalue,
 467                                       int ltype,
 468                                       const char *rvalue,
 469                                       void *data,
 470                                       void *userdata) {
 471
 472         char *w;
 473         size_t l;
 474         char *state;
 475         cpu_set_t *c = NULL;
 476         unsigned ncpus = 0;
 477
 478         assert(filename);
 479         assert(lvalue);
 480         assert(rvalue);
 481
 482         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
 483                 char *t;
 484                 int r;
 485                 unsigned cpu;
 486
 487                 if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
 488                         return log_oom();
 489
 490                 r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
 491                 free(t);
 492
 493                 if (!c)
 494                         if (!(c = cpu_set_malloc(&ncpus)))
 495                                 return log_oom();
 496
 497                 if (r < 0 || cpu >= ncpus) {
 498                         log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, -r,
 499                                    "Failed to parse CPU affinity '%s'", rvalue);
 500                         CPU_FREE(c);
 501                         return -EBADMSG;
 502                 }
 503
 504                 CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
 505         }
 506
 507         if (c) {
 508                 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
 509                         log_warning_unit(unit, "Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
 510
 511                 CPU_FREE(c);
 512         }
 513
 514         return 0;
 515 }
 516
 517 static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
 518         char ***i;
 519
 520         if (!l)
 521                 return;
 522
 523         for (i = l; *i; i++)
 524                 strv_free(*i);
 525
 526         free(l);
 527 }
 528
 529 static void free_join_controllers(void) {
 530         strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
 531         arg_join_controllers = NULL;
 532 }
 533
 534 static int config_parse_join_controllers(const char *unit,
 535                                          const char *filename,
 536                                          unsigned line,
 537                                          const char *section,
 538                                          const char *lvalue,
 539                                          int ltype,
 540                                          const char *rvalue,
 541                                          void *data,
 542                                          void *userdata) {
 543
 544         unsigned n = 0;
 545         char *state, *w;
 546         size_t length;
 547
 548         assert(filename);
 549         assert(lvalue);
 550         assert(rvalue);
 551
 552         free_join_controllers();
 553
 554         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
 555                 char *s, **l;
 556
 557                 s = strndup(w, length);
 558                 if (!s)
 559                         return log_oom();
 560
 561                 l = strv_split(s, ",");
 562                 free(s);
 563
 564                 strv_uniq(l);
 565
 566                 if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
 567                         strv_free(l);
 568                         continue;
 569                 }
 570
 571                 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
 572                         arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
 573                         if (!arg_join_controllers) {
 574                                 strv_free(l);
 575                                 return log_oom();
 576                         }
 577
 578                         arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
 579                         arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
 580
 581                         n = 1;
 582                 } else {
 583                         char ***a;
 584                         char ***t;
 585
 586                         t = new0(char**, n+2);
 587                         if (!t) {
 588                                 strv_free(l);
 589                                 return log_oom();
 590                         }
 591
 592                         n = 0;
 593
 594                         for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
 595
 596                                 if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
 597                                         char **c;
 598
 599                                         c = strv_merge(*a, l);
 600                                         if (!c) {
 601                                                 strv_free(l);
 602                                                 strv_free_free(t);
 603                                                 return log_oom();
 604                                         }
 605
 606                                         strv_free(l);
 607                                         l = c;
 608                                 } else {
 609                                         char **c;
 610
 611                                         c = strv_copy(*a);
 612                                         if (!c) {
 613                                                 strv_free(l);
 614                                                 strv_free_free(t);
 615                                                 return log_oom();
 616                                         }
 617
 618                                         t[n++] = c;
 619                                 }
 620                         }
 621
 622                         t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
 623
 624                         strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
 625                         arg_join_controllers = t;
 626                 }
 627         }
 628
 629         return 0;
 630 }
 631
 632 static int parse_config_file(void) {
 633
 634         const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
 635                 { "Manager", "LogLevel",              config_parse_level2,       0, NULL                     },
 636                 { "Manager", "LogTarget",             config_parse_target,       0, NULL                     },
 637                 { "Manager", "LogColor",              config_parse_color,        0, NULL                     },
 638                 { "Manager", "LogLocation",           config_parse_location,     0, NULL                     },
 639                 { "Manager", "DumpCore",              config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_dump_core           },
 640                 { "Manager", "CrashShell",            config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_crash_shell         },
 641                 { "Manager", "ShowStatus",            config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_show_status         },
 642                 { "Manager", "CrashChVT",             config_parse_int,          0, &arg_crash_chvt          },
 643                 { "Manager", "CPUAffinity",           config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL                    },
 644                 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output,       0, &arg_default_std_output  },
 645                 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError",  config_parse_output,       0, &arg_default_std_error   },
 646                 { "Manager", "JoinControllers",       config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
 647                 { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec",    config_parse_sec,          0, &arg_runtime_watchdog    },
 648                 { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec",   config_parse_sec,          0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog   },
 649                 { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_bounding_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set_drop },
 650                 { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec",        config_parse_nsec,         0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec    },
 651                 { "Manager", "DefaultEnvironment",    config_parse_environ,      0, &arg_default_environment },
 652                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU",       config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU]},
 653                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE]},
 654                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA]},
 655                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK]},
 656                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE]},
 657                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS",       config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS]},
 658                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]},
 659                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS",        config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_AS]},
 660                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC]},
 661                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK",   config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]},
 662                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_LOCKS]},
 663                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING]},
 664                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE",  config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]},
 665                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NICE]},
 666                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTPRIO]},
 667                 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTTIME]},
 668                 { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
 669         };
 670
 671         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f;
 672         const char *fn;
 673         int r;
 674
 675         fn = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? PKGSYSCONFDIR "/system.conf" : PKGSYSCONFDIR "/user.conf";
 676         f = fopen(fn, "re");
 677         if (!f) {
 678                 if (errno == ENOENT)
 679                         return 0;
 680
 681                 log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
 682                 return 0;
 683         }
 684
 685         r = config_parse(NULL, fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, false, NULL);
 686         if (r < 0)
 687                 log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
 688
 689         return 0;
 690 }
 691
 692 static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
 693         _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
 694         char *w, *state;
 695         int r;
 696         size_t l;
 697
 698         /* Don't read /proc/cmdline if we are in a container, since
 699          * that is only relevant for the host system */
 700         if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
 701                 return 0;
 702
 703         r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line);
 704         if (r < 0) {
 705                 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
 706                 return 0;
 707         }
 708
 709         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
 710                 _cleanup_free_ char *word;
 711
 712                 word = strndup(w, l);
 713                 if (!word)
 714                         return log_oom();
 715
 716                 r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
 717                 if (r < 0) {
 718                         log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r));
 719                         return r;
 720                 }
 721         }
 722
 723         return 0;
 724 }
 725
 726 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 727
 728         enum {
 729                 ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
 730                 ARG_LOG_TARGET,
 731                 ARG_LOG_COLOR,
 732                 ARG_LOG_LOCATION,
 733                 ARG_UNIT,
 734                 ARG_SYSTEM,
 735                 ARG_USER,
 736                 ARG_TEST,
 737                 ARG_VERSION,
 738                 ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
 739                 ARG_DUMP_CORE,
 740                 ARG_CRASH_SHELL,
 741                 ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN,
 742                 ARG_SHOW_STATUS,
 743                 ARG_DESERIALIZE,
 744                 ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT,
 745                 ARG_INTROSPECT,
 746                 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
 747                 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR
 748         };
 749
 750         static const struct option options[] = {
 751                 { "log-level",                required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL                },
 752                 { "log-target",               required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET               },
 753                 { "log-color",                optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR                },
 754                 { "log-location",             optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION             },
 755                 { "unit",                     required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT                     },
 756                 { "system",                   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM                   },
 757                 { "user",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER                     },
 758                 { "test",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_TEST                     },
 759                 { "help",                     no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                          },
 760                 { "version",                  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION                  },
 761                 { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
 762                 { "dump-core",                optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE                },
 763                 { "crash-shell",              optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL              },
 764                 { "confirm-spawn",            optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN            },
 765                 { "show-status",              optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS              },
 766                 { "deserialize",              required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE              },
 767                 { "switched-root",            no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT            },
 768                 { "introspect",               optional_argument, NULL, ARG_INTROSPECT               },
 769                 { "default-standard-output",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,      },
 770                 { "default-standard-error",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR,       },
 771                 { NULL,                       0,                 NULL, 0                            }
 772         };
 773
 774         int c, r;
 775
 776         assert(argc >= 1);
 777         assert(argv);
 778
 779         if (getpid() == 1)
 780                 opterr = 0;
 781
 782         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
 783
 784                 switch (c) {
 785
 786                 case ARG_LOG_LEVEL:
 787                         if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 788                                 log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
 789                                 return r;
 790                         }
 791
 792                         break;
 793
 794                 case ARG_LOG_TARGET:
 795
 796                         if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 797                                 log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
 798                                 return r;
 799                         }
 800
 801                         break;
 802
 803                 case ARG_LOG_COLOR:
 804
 805                         if (optarg) {
 806                                 if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 807                                         log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
 808                                         return r;
 809                                 }
 810                         } else
 811                                 log_show_color(true);
 812
 813                         break;
 814
 815                 case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
 816
 817                         if (optarg) {
 818                                 if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 819                                         log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
 820                                         return r;
 821                                 }
 822                         } else
 823                                 log_show_location(true);
 824
 825                         break;
 826
 827                 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
 828
 829                         if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 830                                 log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
 831                                 return r;
 832                         } else
 833                                 arg_default_std_output = r;
 834                         break;
 835
 836                 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
 837
 838                         if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
 839                                 log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
 840                                 return r;
 841                         } else
 842                                 arg_default_std_error = r;
 843                         break;
 844
 845                 case ARG_UNIT:
 846
 847                         if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
 848                                 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
 849                                 return r;
 850                         }
 851
 852                         break;
 853
 854                 case ARG_SYSTEM:
 855                         arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
 856                         break;
 857
 858                 case ARG_USER:
 859                         arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
 860                         break;
 861
 862                 case ARG_TEST:
 863                         arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
 864                         break;
 865
 866                 case ARG_VERSION:
 867                         arg_action = ACTION_VERSION;
 868                         break;
 869
 870                 case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
 871                         arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
 872                         break;
 873
 874                 case ARG_DUMP_CORE:
 875                         r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
 876                         if (r < 0) {
 877                                 log_error("Failed to parse dump core boolean %s.", optarg);
 878                                 return r;
 879                         }
 880                         arg_dump_core = r;
 881                         break;
 882
 883                 case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
 884                         r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
 885                         if (r < 0) {
 886                                 log_error("Failed to parse crash shell boolean %s.", optarg);
 887                                 return r;
 888                         }
 889                         arg_crash_shell = r;
 890                         break;
 891
 892                 case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
 893                         r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
 894                         if (r < 0) {
 895                                 log_error("Failed to parse confirm spawn boolean %s.", optarg);
 896                                 return r;
 897                         }
 898                         arg_confirm_spawn = r;
 899                         break;
 900
 901                 case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
 902                         r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
 903                         if (r < 0) {
 904                                 log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
 905                                 return r;
 906                         }
 907                         arg_show_status = r;
 908                         break;
 909
 910                 case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
 911                         int fd;
 912                         FILE *f;
 913
 914                         r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd);
 915                         if (r < 0 || fd < 0) {
 916                                 log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
 917                                 return r < 0 ? r : -EINVAL;
 918                         }
 919
 920                         fd_cloexec(fd, true);
 921
 922                         f = fdopen(fd, "r");
 923                         if (!f) {
 924                                 log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
 925                                 return -errno;
 926                         }
 927
 928                         if (serialization)
 929                                 fclose(serialization);
 930
 931                         serialization = f;
 932
 933                         break;
 934                 }
 935
 936                 case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT:
 937                         arg_switched_root = true;
 938                         break;
 939
 940                 case ARG_INTROSPECT: {
 941                         const char * const * i = NULL;
 942
 943                         for (i = bus_interface_table; *i; i += 2)
 944                                 if (!optarg || streq(i[0], optarg)) {
 945                                         fputs(DBUS_INTROSPECT_1_0_XML_DOCTYPE_DECL_NODE
 946                                               "<node>\n", stdout);
 947                                         fputs(i[1], stdout);
 948                                         fputs("</node>\n", stdout);
 949
 950                                         if (optarg)
 951                                                 break;
 952                                 }
 953
 954                         if (!i[0] && optarg)
 955                                 log_error("Unknown interface %s.", optarg);
 956
 957                         arg_action = ACTION_DONE;
 958                         break;
 959                 }
 960
 961                 case 'h':
 962                         arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
 963                         break;
 964
 965                 case 'D':
 966                         log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
 967                         break;
 968
 969                 case 'b':
 970                 case 's':
 971                 case 'z':
 972                         /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
 973                          * cmdline args without getopt() error
 974                          * messages that we'll parse in
 975                          * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
 976
 977                 case '?':
 978                 default:
 979                         if (getpid() != 1) {
 980                                 log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
 981                                 return -EINVAL;
 982                         }
 983
 984                         break;
 985                 }
 986
 987         if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
 988                 /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
 989                  * let's complain about excess arguments */
 990
 991                 log_error("Excess arguments.");
 992                 return -EINVAL;
 993         }
 994
 995         if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
 996                 char **a;
 997
 998                 /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
 999                  * understand it passed to us. We're not really
1000                  * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
1001                  * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
1002                  * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
1003                  * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
1004                  * instead. */
1005
1006                 for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++)
1007                         if ((r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a)) < 0) {
1008                                 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", *a, strerror(-r));
1009                                 return r;
1010                         }
1011         }
1012
1013         return 0;
1014 }
1015
1016 static int help(void) {
1017
1018         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
1019                "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
1020                "  -h --help                      Show this help\n"
1021                "     --test                      Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
1022                "     --dump-configuration-items  Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
1023                "     --introspect[=INTERFACE]    Extract D-Bus interface data\n"
1024                "     --unit=UNIT                 Set default unit\n"
1025                "     --system                    Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
1026                "     --user                      Run a user instance\n"
1027                "     --dump-core[=0|1]           Dump core on crash\n"
1028                "     --crash-shell[=0|1]         Run shell on crash\n"
1029                "     --confirm-spawn[=0|1]       Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
1030                "     --show-status[=0|1]         Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
1031                "     --log-target=TARGET         Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
1032                "     --log-level=LEVEL           Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
1033                "     --log-color[=0|1]           Highlight important log messages\n"
1034                "     --log-location[=0|1]        Include code location in log messages\n"
1035                "     --default-standard-output=  Set default standard output for services\n"
1036                "     --default-standard-error=   Set default standard error output for services\n",
1037                program_invocation_short_name);
1038
1039         return 0;
1040 }
1041
1042 static int version(void) {
1043         puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
1044         puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
1045
1046         return 0;
1047 }
1048
1049 static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds, bool switching_root) {
1050         FILE *f = NULL;
1051         FDSet *fds = NULL;
1052         int r;
1053
1054         assert(m);
1055         assert(_f);
1056         assert(_fds);
1057
1058         r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f);
1059         if (r < 0) {
1060                 log_error("Failed to create serialization file: %s", strerror(-r));
1061                 goto fail;
1062         }
1063
1064         /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
1065         m->n_reloading ++;
1066         bus_broadcast_reloading(m, true);
1067
1068         fds = fdset_new();
1069         if (!fds) {
1070                 r = -ENOMEM;
1071                 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1072                 goto fail;
1073         }
1074
1075         r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, switching_root);
1076         if (r < 0) {
1077                 log_error("Failed to serialize state: %s", strerror(-r));
1078                 goto fail;
1079         }
1080
1081         if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1082                 log_error("Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
1083                 goto fail;
1084         }
1085
1086         r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false);
1087         if (r < 0) {
1088                 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %s", strerror(-r));
1089                 goto fail;
1090         }
1091
1092         r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
1093         if (r < 0) {
1094                 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %s", strerror(-r));
1095                 goto fail;
1096         }
1097
1098         *_f = f;
1099         *_fds = fds;
1100
1101         return 0;
1102
1103 fail:
1104         fdset_free(fds);
1105
1106         if (f)
1107                 fclose(f);
1108
1109         return r;
1110 }
1111
1112 static int bump_rlimit_nofile(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) {
1113         struct rlimit nl;
1114         int r;
1115
1116         assert(saved_rlimit);
1117
1118         /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE so that we can reset it
1119          * later when transitioning from the initrd to the main
1120          * systemd or suchlike. */
1121         if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit) < 0) {
1122                 log_error("Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %m");
1123                 return -errno;
1124         }
1125
1126         /* Make sure forked processes get the default kernel setting */
1127         if (!arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]) {
1128                 struct rlimit *rl;
1129
1130                 rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit, 1);
1131                 if (!rl)
1132                         return log_oom();
1133
1134                 arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl;
1135         }
1136
1137         /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially */
1138         nl.rlim_cur = nl.rlim_max = 64*1024;
1139         r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nl);
1140         if (r < 0) {
1141                 log_error("Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %s", strerror(-r));
1142                 return r;
1143         }
1144
1145         return 0;
1146 }
1147
1148 static void test_mtab(void) {
1149         char *p;
1150
1151         /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
1152
1153         if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
1154                 bool b;
1155
1156                 b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
1157                 free(p);
1158
1159                 if (b)
1160                         return;
1161         }
1162
1163         log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
1164                     "This is not supported anymore. "
1165                     "Please make sure to replace this file by a symlink to avoid incorrect or misleading mount(8) output.");
1166 }
1167
1168 static void test_usr(void) {
1169
1170         /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
1171
1172         if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
1173                 return;
1174
1175         log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesytem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
1176                     "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
1177                     "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
1178 }
1179
1180 static void test_cgroups(void) {
1181
1182         if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
1183                 return;
1184
1185         log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
1186                     "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
1187                     "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
1188                     "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
1189                     "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
1190                     "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
1191
1192         sleep(10);
1193 }
1194
1195 static int initialize_join_controllers(void) {
1196         /* By default, mount "cpu" + "cpuacct" together, and "net_cls"
1197          * + "net_prio". We'd like to add "cpuset" to the mix, but
1198          * "cpuset" does't really work for groups with no initialized
1199          * attributes. */
1200
1201         arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 3);
1202         if (!arg_join_controllers)
1203                 return -ENOMEM;
1204
1205         arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", NULL);
1206         arg_join_controllers[1] = strv_new("net_cls", "net_prio", NULL);
1207         arg_join_controllers[2] = NULL;
1208
1209         if (!arg_join_controllers[0] || !arg_join_controllers[1]) {
1210                 free_join_controllers();
1211                 return -ENOMEM;
1212         }
1213
1214         return 0;
1215 }
1216
1217 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1218         Manager *m = NULL;
1219         int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
1220         usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
1221         char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1222         FDSet *fds = NULL;
1223         bool reexecute = false;
1224         const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
1225         dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1226         dual_timestamp userspace_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1227         dual_timestamp kernel_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1228         static char systemd[] = "systemd";
1229         bool skip_setup = false;
1230         int j;
1231         bool loaded_policy = false;
1232         bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
1233         bool queue_default_job = false;
1234         char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
1235         static struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = { 0, 0 };
1236
1237 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1238         if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
1239                 /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
1240                  * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
1241
1242                 errno = -ENOENT;
1243                 execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
1244                 log_error("Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
1245                 return 1;
1246         }
1247 #endif
1248
1249         dual_timestamp_from_monotonic(&kernel_timestamp, 0);
1250         dual_timestamp_get(&userspace_timestamp);
1251
1252         /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
1253          * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
1254          * have a quick peek here. */
1255         if (strv_find(argv+1, "--deserialize"))
1256                 skip_setup = true;
1257
1258         /* If we have switched root, do all the special setup
1259          * things */
1260         if (strv_find(argv+1, "--switched-root"))
1261                 skip_setup = false;
1262
1263         /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
1264            called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
1265            called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
1266            systemd right-away. */
1267         program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
1268         prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
1269
1270         saved_argv = argv;
1271         saved_argc = argc;
1272
1273         log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
1274
1275         if (getpid() == 1 && detect_container(NULL) <= 0) {
1276
1277                 /* Running outside of a container as PID 1 */
1278                 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1279                 make_null_stdio();
1280                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_KMSG);
1281                 log_open();
1282
1283                 if (in_initrd()) {
1284                         char *rd_timestamp = NULL;
1285
1286                         initrd_timestamp = userspace_timestamp;
1287                         asprintf(&rd_timestamp, "%llu %llu",
1288                                  (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.realtime,
1289                                  (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.monotonic);
1290                         if (rd_timestamp) {
1291                                 setenv("RD_TIMESTAMP", rd_timestamp, 1);
1292                                 free(rd_timestamp);
1293                         }
1294                 }
1295
1296                 if (!skip_setup) {
1297                         mount_setup_early();
1298                         if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
1299                                 goto finish;
1300                         if (ima_setup() < 0)
1301                                 goto finish;
1302                         if (smack_setup() < 0)
1303                                 goto finish;
1304                 }
1305
1306                 if (label_init(NULL) < 0)
1307                         goto finish;
1308
1309                 if (!skip_setup) {
1310                         if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
1311                                 int min;
1312
1313                                 /* The first-time call to settimeofday() does a time warp in the kernel */
1314                                 r = hwclock_set_timezone(&min);
1315                                 if (r < 0)
1316                                         log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1317                                 else
1318                                         log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
1319                         } else if (!in_initrd()) {
1320                                 /*
1321                                  * Do dummy first-time call to seal the kernel's time warp magic
1322                                  *
1323                                  * Do not call this this from inside the initrd. The initrd might not
1324                                  * carry /etc/adjtime with LOCAL, but the real system could be set up
1325                                  * that way. In such case, we need to delay the time-warp or the sealing
1326                                  * until we reach the real system.
1327                                  */
1328                                 hwclock_reset_timezone();
1329
1330                                 /* Tell the kernel our timezone */
1331                                 r = hwclock_set_timezone(NULL);
1332                                 if (r < 0)
1333                                         log_error("Failed to set the kernel's timezone, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1334                         }
1335                 }
1336
1337                 /* Set the default for later on, but don't actually
1338                  * open the logs like this for now. Note that if we
1339                  * are transitioning from the initrd there might still
1340                  * be journal fd open, and we shouldn't attempt
1341                  * opening that before we parsed /proc/cmdline which
1342                  * might redirect output elsewhere. */
1343                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
1344
1345         } else if (getpid() == 1) {
1346                 /* Running inside a container, as PID 1 */
1347                 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_SYSTEM;
1348                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
1349                 log_open();
1350
1351                 /* For the later on, see above... */
1352                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL);
1353
1354                 /* clear the kernel timestamp,
1355                  * because we are in a container */
1356                 kernel_timestamp.monotonic = 0ULL;
1357                 kernel_timestamp.realtime = 0ULL;
1358
1359         } else {
1360                 /* Running as user instance */
1361                 arg_running_as = SYSTEMD_USER;
1362                 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1363                 log_open();
1364
1365                 /* clear the kernel timestamp,
1366                  * because we are not PID 1 */
1367                 kernel_timestamp.monotonic = 0ULL;
1368                 kernel_timestamp.realtime = 0ULL;
1369         }
1370
1371         /* Initialize default unit */
1372         r = set_default_unit(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
1373         if (r < 0) {
1374                 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, strerror(-r));
1375                 goto finish;
1376         }
1377
1378         r = initialize_join_controllers();
1379         if (r < 0)
1380                 goto finish;
1381
1382         /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
1383          * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
1384         if (getpid() == 1) {
1385                 r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
1386                 if (r < 0)
1387                         goto finish;
1388         }
1389
1390         /* Reset all signal handlers. */
1391         assert_se(reset_all_signal_handlers() == 0);
1392
1393         ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
1394
1395         if (parse_config_file() < 0)
1396                 goto finish;
1397
1398         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1399                 if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
1400                         goto finish;
1401
1402         log_parse_environment();
1403
1404         if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
1405                 goto finish;
1406
1407         if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST &&
1408             geteuid() == 0) {
1409                 log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
1410                 goto finish;
1411         }
1412
1413         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER &&
1414             arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1415             sd_booted() <= 0) {
1416                 log_error("Trying to run as user instance, but the system has not been booted with systemd.");
1417                 goto finish;
1418         }
1419
1420         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM &&
1421             arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1422             running_in_chroot() > 0) {
1423                 log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
1424                 goto finish;
1425         }
1426
1427         if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
1428                 retval = help();
1429                 goto finish;
1430         } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) {
1431                 retval = version();
1432                 goto finish;
1433         } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
1434                 unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
1435                 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1436                 goto finish;
1437         } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
1438                 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1439                 goto finish;
1440         }
1441
1442         assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
1443
1444         /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
1445         log_close();
1446
1447         /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
1448         r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
1449         if (r < 0) {
1450                 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1451                 goto finish;
1452         } else
1453                 fdset_cloexec(fds, true);
1454
1455         if (serialization)
1456                 assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
1457
1458         /* Set up PATH unless it is already set */
1459         setenv("PATH",
1460 #ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_USR
1461                "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
1462 #else
1463                "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
1464 #endif
1465                arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM);
1466
1467         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1468                 /* Unset some environment variables passed in from the
1469                  * kernel that don't really make sense for us. */
1470                 unsetenv("HOME");
1471                 unsetenv("TERM");
1472
1473                 /* When we are invoked by a shell, these might be set,
1474                  * but make little sense to pass on */
1475                 unsetenv("PWD");
1476                 unsetenv("SHLVL");
1477                 unsetenv("_");
1478
1479                 /* When we are invoked by a chroot-like tool such as
1480                  * nspawn, these might be set, but make little sense
1481                  * to pass on */
1482                 unsetenv("USER");
1483                 unsetenv("LOGNAME");
1484
1485                 /* We suppress the socket activation env vars, as
1486                  * we'll try to match *any* open fd to units if
1487                  * possible. */
1488                 unsetenv("LISTEN_FDS");
1489                 unsetenv("LISTEN_PID");
1490
1491                 /* All other variables are left as is, so that clients
1492                  * can still read them via /proc/1/environ */
1493
1494                 /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
1495                 setsid();
1496
1497                 /* Disable the umask logic */
1498                 umask(0);
1499         }
1500
1501         /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
1502         assert_se(chdir("/")  == 0);
1503
1504         /* Make sure D-Bus doesn't fiddle with the SIGPIPE handlers */
1505         dbus_connection_set_change_sigpipe(FALSE);
1506
1507         /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
1508          * are freshly booted */
1509         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN)
1510                 console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup);
1511
1512         /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
1513         log_open();
1514
1515         /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
1516          * kernel. */
1517         if (getpid() == 1) {
1518                 install_crash_handler();
1519
1520                 r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
1521                 if (r < 0)
1522                         goto finish;
1523         }
1524
1525         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
1526                 const char *virtualization = NULL;
1527
1528                 log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")");
1529
1530                 detect_virtualization(&virtualization);
1531                 if (virtualization)
1532                         log_info("Detected virtualization '%s'.", virtualization);
1533
1534                 if (in_initrd())
1535                         log_info("Running in initial RAM disk.");
1536
1537         } else
1538                 log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")");
1539
1540         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) {
1541                 locale_setup();
1542
1543                 if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running())
1544                         status_welcome();
1545
1546 #ifdef HAVE_KMOD
1547                 kmod_setup();
1548 #endif
1549                 hostname_setup();
1550                 machine_id_setup();
1551                 loopback_setup();
1552
1553                 test_mtab();
1554                 test_usr();
1555                 test_cgroups();
1556         }
1557
1558         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
1559                 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
1560
1561         if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != (nsec_t) -1)
1562                 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
1563                         log_error("Failed to adjust timer slack: %m");
1564
1565         if (arg_capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1566                 r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop, true);
1567                 if (r < 0) {
1568                         log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set: %s", strerror(-r));
1569                         goto finish;
1570                 }
1571                 r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop);
1572                 if (r < 0) {
1573                         log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %s", strerror(-r));
1574                         goto finish;
1575                 }
1576         }
1577
1578         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER) {
1579                 /* Become reaper of our children */
1580                 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) {
1581                         log_warning("Failed to make us a subreaper: %m");
1582                         if (errno == EINVAL)
1583                                 log_info("Perhaps the kernel version is too old (< 3.4?)");
1584                 }
1585         }
1586
1587         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
1588                 bump_rlimit_nofile(&saved_rlimit_nofile);
1589
1590         r = manager_new(arg_running_as, !!serialization, &m);
1591         if (r < 0) {
1592                 log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
1593                 goto finish;
1594         }
1595
1596         m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
1597         m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
1598         m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
1599         m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
1600         m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
1601         m->userspace_timestamp = userspace_timestamp;
1602         m->kernel_timestamp = kernel_timestamp;
1603         m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
1604
1605         manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
1606
1607         if (arg_default_environment)
1608                 manager_set_default_environment(m, arg_default_environment);
1609
1610         manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
1611
1612         /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
1613         queue_default_job = !serialization || arg_switched_root;
1614
1615         before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1616
1617         r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
1618         if (r < 0)
1619                 log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
1620
1621         /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
1622          * not claimed by any unit. */
1623         fdset_free(fds);
1624
1625         if (serialization) {
1626                 fclose(serialization);
1627                 serialization = NULL;
1628         }
1629
1630         if (queue_default_job) {
1631                 DBusError error;
1632                 Unit *target = NULL;
1633                 Job *default_unit_job;
1634
1635                 dbus_error_init(&error);
1636
1637                 log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
1638
1639                 r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
1640                 if (r < 0) {
1641                         log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1642                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1643                 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR || target->load_state == UNIT_NOT_FOUND)
1644                         log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1645                 else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
1646                         log_error("Default target masked.");
1647
1648                 if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
1649                         log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
1650
1651                         r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
1652                         if (r < 0) {
1653                                 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1654                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1655                                 goto finish;
1656                         } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR || target->load_state == UNIT_NOT_FOUND) {
1657                                 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1658                                 goto finish;
1659                         } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
1660                                 log_error("Rescue target masked.");
1661                                 goto finish;
1662                         }
1663                 }
1664
1665                 assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
1666
1667                 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1668                         printf("-> By units:\n");
1669                         manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
1670                 }
1671
1672                 r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_ISOLATE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1673                 if (r == -EPERM) {
1674                         log_debug("Default target could not be isolated, starting instead: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1675                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1676
1677                         r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1678                         if (r < 0) {
1679                                 log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1680                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1681                                 goto finish;
1682                         }
1683                 } else if (r < 0) {
1684                         log_error("Failed to isolate default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1685                         dbus_error_free(&error);
1686                         goto finish;
1687                 }
1688
1689                 m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
1690
1691                 after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1692                 log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
1693                          "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
1694                          format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup, 0));
1695
1696                 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1697                         printf("-> By jobs:\n");
1698                         manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
1699                         retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1700                         goto finish;
1701                 }
1702         }
1703
1704         for (;;) {
1705                 r = manager_loop(m);
1706                 if (r < 0) {
1707                         log_error("Failed to run mainloop: %s", strerror(-r));
1708                         goto finish;
1709                 }
1710
1711                 switch (m->exit_code) {
1712
1713                 case MANAGER_EXIT:
1714                         retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1715                         log_debug("Exit.");
1716                         goto finish;
1717
1718                 case MANAGER_RELOAD:
1719                         log_info("Reloading.");
1720                         r = manager_reload(m);
1721                         if (r < 0)
1722                                 log_error("Failed to reload: %s", strerror(-r));
1723                         break;
1724
1725                 case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
1726
1727                         if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, false) < 0)
1728                                 goto finish;
1729
1730                         reexecute = true;
1731                         log_notice("Reexecuting.");
1732                         goto finish;
1733
1734                 case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
1735                         /* Steal the switch root parameters */
1736                         switch_root_dir = m->switch_root;
1737                         switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init;
1738                         m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
1739
1740                         if (!switch_root_init)
1741                                 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, true) < 0)
1742                                         goto finish;
1743
1744                         reexecute = true;
1745                         log_notice("Switching root.");
1746                         goto finish;
1747
1748                 case MANAGER_REBOOT:
1749                 case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
1750                 case MANAGER_HALT:
1751                 case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
1752                         static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
1753                                 [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
1754                                 [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
1755                                 [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
1756                                 [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
1757                         };
1758
1759                         assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
1760                         arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
1761
1762                         log_notice("Shutting down.");
1763                         goto finish;
1764                 }
1765
1766                 default:
1767                         assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
1768                 }
1769         }
1770
1771 finish:
1772         if (m)
1773                 manager_free(m);
1774
1775         for (j = 0; j < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; j++)
1776                 free(arg_default_rlimit[j]);
1777
1778         free(arg_default_unit);
1779         free_join_controllers();
1780
1781         dbus_shutdown();
1782         label_finish();
1783
1784         if (reexecute) {
1785                 const char **args;
1786                 unsigned i, args_size;
1787
1788                 /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
1789                  * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
1790                  * rebooted while we do that */
1791                 watchdog_close(true);
1792
1793                 /* Reset the RLIMIT_NOFILE to the kernel default, so
1794                  * that the new systemd can pass the kernel default to
1795                  * its child processes */
1796                 if (saved_rlimit_nofile.rlim_cur > 0)
1797                         setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &saved_rlimit_nofile);
1798
1799                 if (switch_root_dir) {
1800                         /* Kill all remaining processes from the
1801                          * initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we
1802                          * can handle the SIGCHLD for them after
1803                          * deserializing. */
1804                         broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false);
1805
1806                         /* And switch root */
1807                         r = switch_root(switch_root_dir);
1808                         if (r < 0)
1809                                 log_error("Failed to switch root, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1810                 }
1811
1812                 args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
1813                 args = newa(const char*, args_size);
1814
1815                 if (!switch_root_init) {
1816                         char sfd[16];
1817
1818                         /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right
1819                          * path, and with full serialization. We do
1820                          * this only if the user didn't specify an
1821                          * explicit init to spawn. */
1822
1823                         assert(serialization);
1824                         assert(fds);
1825
1826                         snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
1827                         char_array_0(sfd);
1828
1829                         i = 0;
1830                         args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
1831                         if (switch_root_dir)
1832                                 args[i++] = "--switched-root";
1833                         args[i++] = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user";
1834                         args[i++] = "--deserialize";
1835                         args[i++] = sfd;
1836                         args[i++] = NULL;
1837
1838                         assert(i <= args_size);
1839                         execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1840                 }
1841
1842                 /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any
1843                  * serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
1844                  * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to
1845                  * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
1846                  * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
1847
1848                 if (serialization) {
1849                         fclose(serialization);
1850                         serialization = NULL;
1851                 }
1852
1853                 if (fds) {
1854                         fdset_free(fds);
1855                         fds = NULL;
1856                 }
1857
1858                 /* Reopen the console */
1859                 make_console_stdio();
1860
1861                 for (j = 1, i = 1; j < argc; j++)
1862                         args[i++] = argv[j];
1863                 args[i++] = NULL;
1864                 assert(i <= args_size);
1865
1866                 if (switch_root_init) {
1867                         args[0] = switch_root_init;
1868                         execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1869                         log_warning("Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m");
1870                 }
1871
1872                 args[0] = "/sbin/init";
1873                 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1874
1875                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1876                         log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback");
1877
1878                         args[0] = "/bin/sh";
1879                         args[1] = NULL;
1880                         execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1881                         log_error("Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
1882                 } else
1883                         log_warning("Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
1884         }
1885
1886         if (serialization)
1887                 fclose(serialization);
1888
1889         if (fds)
1890                 fdset_free(fds);
1891
1892         if (shutdown_verb) {
1893                 const char * command_line[] = {
1894                         SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
1895                         shutdown_verb,
1896                         NULL
1897                 };
1898                 char **env_block;
1899
1900                 if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
1901                         char e[32];
1902
1903                         /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
1904                          * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
1905                          * repeatedly ping it */
1906                         watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1907                         watchdog_close(false);
1908
1909                         /* Tell the binary how often to ping */
1910                         snprintf(e, sizeof(e), "WATCHDOG_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1911                         char_array_0(e);
1912
1913                         env_block = strv_append(environ, e);
1914                 } else {
1915                         env_block = strv_copy(environ);
1916                         watchdog_close(true);
1917                 }
1918
1919                 /* Avoid the creation of new processes forked by the
1920                  * kernel; at this point, we will not listen to the
1921                  * signals anyway */
1922                 if (detect_container(NULL) <= 0)
1923                         cg_uninstall_release_agent(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER);
1924
1925                 execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
1926                 free(env_block);
1927                 log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");
1928         }
1929
1930         if (getpid() == 1)
1931                 freeze();
1932
1933         return retval;
1934 }