1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
22 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
28 #include <sys/types.h>
34 #include <sys/prctl.h>
35 #include <sys/mount.h>
39 #include "load-fragment.h"
42 #include "conf-parser.h"
43 #include "bus-errors.h"
51 #include "path-util.h"
52 #include "switch-root.h"
53 #include "capability.h"
56 #include "mount-setup.h"
57 #include "loopback-setup.h"
58 #include "kmod-setup.h"
59 #include "hostname-setup.h"
60 #include "machine-id-setup.h"
61 #include "locale-setup.h"
63 #include "selinux-setup.h"
64 #include "ima-setup.h"
71 ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
73 } arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
75 static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
76 static ManagerRunningAs arg_running_as = _MANAGER_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
78 static bool arg_dump_core = true;
79 static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
80 static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
81 static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
82 static bool arg_show_status = true;
83 static bool arg_switched_root = false;
84 static char **arg_default_controllers = NULL;
85 static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
86 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
87 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
88 static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
89 static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
90 static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NLIMITS] = {};
91 static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set_drop = 0;
92 static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = (nsec_t) -1;
94 static FILE* serialization = NULL;
96 static void nop_handler(int sig) {
99 _noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) {
102 log_error("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
107 /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
109 sa.sa_handler = nop_handler;
110 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART;
111 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
113 if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
114 log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno));
119 /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
121 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
122 assert_se(sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) == 0);
124 /* Don't limit the core dump size */
126 rl.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
127 rl.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
128 setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
130 /* Just to be sure... */
131 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
133 /* Raise the signal again */
136 assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
143 /* Order things nicely. */
144 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
145 log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r));
146 else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
147 log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig));
149 log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", signal_to_string(sig), (unsigned long) pid);
154 chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
156 if (arg_crash_shell) {
160 log_info("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
163 /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
165 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
166 sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART;
167 assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
171 log_error("Failed to fork off crash shell: %m");
173 make_console_stdio();
174 execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
176 log_error("execl() failed: %m");
180 log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", (unsigned long) pid);
183 log_info("Freezing execution.");
187 static void install_crash_handler(void) {
192 sa.sa_handler = crash;
193 sa.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER;
195 sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
198 static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
201 /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
202 * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
209 tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
211 log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
215 /* We don't want to force text mode.
216 * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
217 r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
219 log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
221 close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
225 static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
234 free(arg_default_unit);
235 arg_default_unit = c;
240 static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
242 static const char * const rlmap[] = {
243 "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
244 "-b", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
245 "single", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
246 "-s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
247 "s", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
248 "S", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
249 "1", SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
250 "2", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
251 "3", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
252 "4", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
253 "5", SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
258 if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit=")) {
261 return set_default_unit(word + 13);
263 } else if (startswith(word, "rd.systemd.unit=")) {
266 return set_default_unit(word + 16);
268 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
270 if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
271 log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
273 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
275 if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
276 log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
278 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
280 if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
281 log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
283 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
285 if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
286 log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
288 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
291 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
292 log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
296 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
299 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
300 log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
304 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
307 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
308 log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
310 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
312 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
315 if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
316 log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
320 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
323 if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
324 log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
327 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
330 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
331 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
333 arg_default_std_output = r;
334 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
337 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
338 log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
340 arg_default_std_error = r;
341 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
345 cenv = strdup(word + 15);
349 eq = strchr(cenv, '=');
353 log_warning("unsetenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
356 r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1);
358 log_warning("setenv failed %m. Ignoring.");
362 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.") ||
363 (in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd.systemd."))) {
365 log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
367 log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
368 "systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start\n"
369 "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT Default unit to start when run in initrd\n"
370 "systemd.dump_core=0|1 Dump core on crash\n"
371 "systemd.crash_shell=0|1 Run shell on crash\n"
372 "systemd.crash_chvt=N Change to VT #N on crash\n"
373 "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1 Confirm every process spawn\n"
374 "systemd.show_status=0|1 Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
375 "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
377 "systemd.log_level=LEVEL Log level\n"
378 "systemd.log_color=0|1 Highlight important log messages\n"
379 "systemd.log_location=0|1 Include code location in log messages\n"
380 "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
381 " Set default log output for services\n"
382 "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
383 " Set default log error output for services\n"
384 "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n");
386 } else if (streq(word, "quiet"))
387 arg_show_status = false;
388 else if (!in_initrd()) {
391 /* SysV compatibility */
392 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
393 if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
394 return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
400 static int config_parse_level2(
401 const char *filename,
414 log_set_max_level_from_string(rvalue);
418 static int config_parse_target(
419 const char *filename,
432 log_set_target_from_string(rvalue);
436 static int config_parse_color(
437 const char *filename,
450 log_show_color_from_string(rvalue);
454 static int config_parse_location(
455 const char *filename,
468 log_show_location_from_string(rvalue);
472 static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
473 const char *filename,
492 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
497 if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
500 r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
504 if (!(c = cpu_set_malloc(&ncpus)))
507 if (r < 0 || cpu >= ncpus) {
508 log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to parse CPU affinity: %s", filename, line, rvalue);
513 CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
517 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
518 log_warning("Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
526 static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
538 static void free_join_controllers(void) {
539 if (!arg_join_controllers)
542 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
543 arg_join_controllers = NULL;
546 static int config_parse_join_controllers(
547 const char *filename,
564 free_join_controllers();
566 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
569 s = strndup(w, length);
573 l = strv_split(s, ",");
578 if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
583 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
584 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
585 if (!arg_join_controllers) {
590 arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
591 arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
598 t = new0(char**, n+2);
606 for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
608 if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
611 c = strv_merge(*a, l);
634 t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
636 strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
637 arg_join_controllers = t;
644 static int parse_config_file(void) {
646 const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
647 { "Manager", "LogLevel", config_parse_level2, 0, NULL },
648 { "Manager", "LogTarget", config_parse_target, 0, NULL },
649 { "Manager", "LogColor", config_parse_color, 0, NULL },
650 { "Manager", "LogLocation", config_parse_location, 0, NULL },
651 { "Manager", "DumpCore", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_dump_core },
652 { "Manager", "CrashShell", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_crash_shell },
653 { "Manager", "ShowStatus", config_parse_bool, 0, &arg_show_status },
654 { "Manager", "CrashChVT", config_parse_int, 0, &arg_crash_chvt },
655 { "Manager", "CPUAffinity", config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL },
656 { "Manager", "DefaultControllers", config_parse_strv, 0, &arg_default_controllers },
657 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_output },
658 { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError", config_parse_output, 0, &arg_default_std_error },
659 { "Manager", "JoinControllers", config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
660 { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_runtime_watchdog },
661 { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec", config_parse_usec, 0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog },
662 { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_bounding_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set_drop },
663 { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec", config_parse_nsec, 0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec },
664 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU]},
665 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE]},
666 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA]},
667 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK]},
668 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE]},
669 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS]},
670 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]},
671 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_AS]},
672 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC]},
673 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]},
674 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_LOCKS]},
675 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING]},
676 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]},
677 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NICE]},
678 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTPRIO]},
679 { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME", config_parse_limit, 0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTTIME]},
680 { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
687 fn = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE : USER_CONFIG_FILE;
693 log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
697 r = config_parse(fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, NULL);
699 log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
706 static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
707 char *line, *w, *state;
711 /* Don't read /proc/cmdline if we are in a container, since
712 * that is only relevant for the host system */
713 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
716 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line)) < 0) {
717 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
721 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
724 if (!(word = strndup(w, l))) {
729 r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
731 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r));
746 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
749 ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
758 ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
766 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
767 ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR
770 static const struct option options[] = {
771 { "log-level", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL },
772 { "log-target", required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET },
773 { "log-color", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR },
774 { "log-location", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION },
775 { "unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT },
776 { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
777 { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
778 { "test", no_argument, NULL, ARG_TEST },
779 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
780 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
781 { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
782 { "dump-core", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE },
783 { "crash-shell", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL },
784 { "confirm-spawn", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN },
785 { "show-status", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS },
786 { "deserialize", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE },
787 { "switched-root", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT },
788 { "introspect", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_INTROSPECT },
789 { "default-standard-output", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT, },
790 { "default-standard-error", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR, },
802 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
807 if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
808 log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
816 if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
817 log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
826 if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
827 log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
831 log_show_color(true);
835 case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
838 if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
839 log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
843 log_show_location(true);
847 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
849 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
850 log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
853 arg_default_std_output = r;
856 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
858 if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
859 log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
862 arg_default_std_error = r;
867 if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
868 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
875 arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
879 arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
883 arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
887 arg_action = ACTION_VERSION;
890 case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
891 arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
895 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
897 log_error("Failed to parse dump core boolean %s.", optarg);
903 case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
904 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
906 log_error("Failed to parse crash shell boolean %s.", optarg);
912 case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
913 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
915 log_error("Failed to parse confirm spawn boolean %s.", optarg);
918 arg_confirm_spawn = r;
921 case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
922 r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
924 log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
930 case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
934 if ((r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd)) < 0 || fd < 0) {
935 log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
939 if (!(f = fdopen(fd, "r"))) {
940 log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
945 fclose(serialization);
952 case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT:
953 arg_switched_root = true;
956 case ARG_INTROSPECT: {
957 const char * const * i = NULL;
959 for (i = bus_interface_table; *i; i += 2)
960 if (!optarg || streq(i[0], optarg)) {
961 fputs(DBUS_INTROSPECT_1_0_XML_DOCTYPE_DECL_NODE
964 fputs("</node>\n", stdout);
971 log_error("Unknown interface %s.", optarg);
973 arg_action = ACTION_DONE;
978 arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
982 log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
988 /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
989 * cmdline args without getopt() error
990 * messages that we'll parse in
991 * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
996 log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
1003 if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
1004 /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
1005 * let's complain about excess arguments */
1007 log_error("Excess arguments.");
1011 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
1014 /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
1015 * understand it passed to us. We're not really
1016 * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
1017 * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
1018 * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
1019 * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
1022 for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++)
1023 if ((r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a)) < 0) {
1024 log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", *a, strerror(-r));
1032 static int help(void) {
1034 printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
1035 "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
1036 " -h --help Show this help\n"
1037 " --test Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
1038 " --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
1039 " --introspect[=INTERFACE] Extract D-Bus interface data\n"
1040 " --unit=UNIT Set default unit\n"
1041 " --system Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
1042 " --user Run a user instance\n"
1043 " --dump-core[=0|1] Dump core on crash\n"
1044 " --crash-shell[=0|1] Run shell on crash\n"
1045 " --confirm-spawn[=0|1] Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
1046 " --show-status[=0|1] Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
1047 " --log-target=TARGET Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
1048 " --log-level=LEVEL Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
1049 " --log-color[=0|1] Highlight important log messages\n"
1050 " --log-location[=0|1] Include code location in log messages\n"
1051 " --default-standard-output= Set default standard output for services\n"
1052 " --default-standard-error= Set default standard error output for services\n",
1053 program_invocation_short_name);
1058 static int version(void) {
1059 puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
1061 puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
1066 static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds, bool serialize_jobs) {
1075 /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
1078 r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f);
1080 log_error("Failed to create serialization file: %s", strerror(-r));
1087 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1091 r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, serialize_jobs);
1093 log_error("Failed to serialize state: %s", strerror(-r));
1097 if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
1098 log_error("Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
1102 r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false);
1104 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %s", strerror(-r));
1108 r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
1110 log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %s", strerror(-r));
1128 static int bump_rlimit_nofile(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) {
1132 assert(saved_rlimit);
1134 /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE so that we can reset it
1135 * later when transitioning from the initrd to the main
1136 * systemd or suchlike. */
1137 if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit) < 0) {
1138 log_error("Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %m");
1142 /* Make sure forked processes get the default kernel setting */
1143 if (!arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]) {
1146 rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit, 1);
1150 arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl;
1153 /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially */
1154 nl.rlim_cur = nl.rlim_max = 64*1024;
1155 r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nl);
1157 log_error("Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %s", strerror(-r));
1164 static struct dual_timestamp* parse_initrd_timestamp(struct dual_timestamp *t) {
1166 unsigned long long a, b;
1170 e = getenv("RD_TIMESTAMP");
1174 if (sscanf(e, "%llu %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
1177 t->realtime = (usec_t) a;
1178 t->monotonic = (usec_t) b;
1183 static void test_mtab(void) {
1186 /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
1188 if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
1191 b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
1198 log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
1199 "This is not supported anymore. "
1200 "Please make sure to replace this file by a symlink to avoid incorrect or misleading mount(8) output.");
1203 static void test_usr(void) {
1205 /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
1207 if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
1210 log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesytem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
1211 "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
1212 "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
1215 static void test_cgroups(void) {
1217 if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
1220 log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
1221 "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
1222 "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
1223 "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
1224 "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
1225 "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
1230 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1232 int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
1233 usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
1234 char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1236 bool reexecute = false;
1237 const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
1238 dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
1239 static char systemd[] = "systemd";
1240 bool skip_setup = false;
1242 bool loaded_policy = false;
1243 bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
1244 bool queue_default_job = false;
1245 char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
1246 static struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = { 0, 0 };
1248 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
1249 if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
1250 /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
1251 * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
1254 execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
1255 log_error("Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
1260 /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
1261 * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
1262 * have a quick peek here. */
1263 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1264 if (streq(argv[j], "--deserialize")) {
1269 /* If we have switched root, do all the special setup
1271 for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
1272 if (streq(argv[j], "--switched-root")) {
1277 /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
1278 called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
1279 called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
1280 systemd right-away. */
1281 program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
1282 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
1287 log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
1288 log_show_location(false);
1289 log_set_max_level(LOG_INFO);
1291 if (getpid() == 1) {
1293 char *rd_timestamp = NULL;
1295 dual_timestamp_get(&initrd_timestamp);
1296 asprintf(&rd_timestamp, "%llu %llu",
1297 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.realtime,
1298 (unsigned long long) initrd_timestamp.monotonic);
1300 setenv("RD_TIMESTAMP", rd_timestamp, 1);
1305 arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
1308 log_set_target(detect_container(NULL) > 0 ? LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL : LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
1311 if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
1313 if (ima_setup() < 0)
1319 if (label_init(NULL) < 0)
1323 if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
1326 /* The first-time call to settimeofday() does a time warp in the kernel */
1327 r = hwclock_set_timezone(&min);
1329 log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1331 log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
1333 /* Do dummy first-time call to seal the kernel's time warp magic */
1334 hwclock_reset_timezone();
1336 /* Tell the kernel our time zone */
1337 r = hwclock_set_timezone(NULL);
1339 log_error("Failed to set the kernel's time zone, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1343 arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
1344 log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1348 /* Initialize default unit */
1349 r = set_default_unit(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
1351 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET, strerror(-r));
1355 /* By default, mount "cpu" and "cpuacct" together */
1356 arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 3);
1357 if (!arg_join_controllers)
1360 arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", "cpuset", NULL);
1361 arg_join_controllers[1] = strv_new("net_cls", "net_prio", NULL);
1362 arg_join_controllers[2] = NULL;
1364 if (!arg_join_controllers[0])
1367 /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
1368 * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
1369 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1370 r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
1375 /* Reset all signal handlers. */
1376 assert_se(reset_all_signal_handlers() == 0);
1378 /* If we are init, we can block sigkill. Yay. */
1379 ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
1381 if (parse_config_file() < 0)
1384 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
1385 if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
1388 log_parse_environment();
1390 if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
1393 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST && geteuid() == 0) {
1394 log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
1398 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM &&
1399 arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
1400 running_in_chroot() > 0) {
1401 log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
1405 if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
1408 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) {
1411 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
1412 unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
1413 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1415 } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
1416 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1420 assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
1422 /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
1425 /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
1426 if (serialization) {
1427 r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
1429 log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
1433 assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
1435 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
1437 /* Set up PATH unless it is already set */
1439 #ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_USR
1440 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
1442 "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
1444 arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM);
1446 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
1447 /* Parse the data passed to us. We leave this
1448 * variables set, but the manager later on will not
1449 * pass them on to our children. */
1451 parse_initrd_timestamp(&initrd_timestamp);
1453 /* Unset some environment variables passed in from the
1454 * kernel that don't really make sense for us. */
1458 /* When we are invoked by a shell, these might be set,
1459 * but make little sense to pass on */
1464 /* When we are invoked by a chroot-like tool such as
1465 * nspawn, these might be set, but make little sense
1468 unsetenv("LOGNAME");
1470 /* All other variables are left as is, so that clients
1471 * can still read them via /proc/1/environ */
1474 /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
1475 assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
1477 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
1478 /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
1481 /* Disable the umask logic */
1485 /* Make sure D-Bus doesn't fiddle with the SIGPIPE handlers */
1486 dbus_connection_set_change_sigpipe(FALSE);
1488 /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
1489 * are freshly booted */
1490 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN)
1491 console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup);
1493 /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
1496 /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
1499 install_crash_handler();
1501 if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
1502 r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
1507 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
1508 const char *virtualization = NULL;
1510 log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1512 detect_virtualization(&virtualization);
1514 log_info("Detected virtualization '%s'.", virtualization);
1517 log_info("Running in initial RAM disk.");
1520 log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")");
1522 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) {
1525 if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running())
1538 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
1539 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
1541 if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != (nsec_t) -1)
1542 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
1543 log_error("Failed to adjust timer slack: %m");
1545 if (arg_capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1546 r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop, true);
1548 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set: %s", strerror(-r));
1551 r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set_drop);
1553 log_error("Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %s", strerror(-r));
1558 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_USER) {
1559 /* Become reaper of our children */
1560 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) {
1561 log_warning("Failed to make us a subreaper: %m");
1562 if (errno == EINVAL)
1563 log_info("Perhaps the kernel version is too old (< 3.4?)");
1567 if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
1568 bump_rlimit_nofile(&saved_rlimit_nofile);
1570 r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m);
1572 log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
1576 m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
1577 m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
1578 m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
1579 m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
1580 m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
1582 manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
1584 if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&initrd_timestamp))
1585 m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
1587 if (arg_default_controllers)
1588 manager_set_default_controllers(m, arg_default_controllers);
1590 manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
1592 /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
1593 queue_default_job = !serialization || arg_switched_root;
1595 before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1597 r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
1599 log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
1601 /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
1602 * not claimed by any unit. */
1608 if (serialization) {
1609 fclose(serialization);
1610 serialization = NULL;
1613 if (queue_default_job) {
1615 Unit *target = NULL;
1616 Job *default_unit_job;
1618 dbus_error_init(&error);
1620 log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
1622 r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
1624 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1625 dbus_error_free(&error);
1626 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR)
1627 log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1628 else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
1629 log_error("Default target masked.");
1631 if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
1632 log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
1634 r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
1636 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1637 dbus_error_free(&error);
1639 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR) {
1640 log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
1642 } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
1643 log_error("Rescue target masked.");
1648 assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
1650 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1651 printf("-> By units:\n");
1652 manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
1655 r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
1657 log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
1658 dbus_error_free(&error);
1661 m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
1663 after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1664 log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
1665 "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
1666 format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup));
1668 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
1669 printf("-> By jobs:\n");
1670 manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
1671 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1677 r = manager_loop(m);
1679 log_error("Failed to run mainloop: %s", strerror(-r));
1683 switch (m->exit_code) {
1686 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
1690 case MANAGER_RELOAD:
1691 log_info("Reloading.");
1692 r = manager_reload(m);
1694 log_error("Failed to reload: %s", strerror(-r));
1697 case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
1699 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, true) < 0)
1703 log_notice("Reexecuting.");
1706 case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
1707 /* Steal the switch root parameters */
1708 switch_root_dir = m->switch_root;
1709 switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init;
1710 m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
1712 if (!switch_root_init)
1713 if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, false) < 0)
1717 log_notice("Switching root.");
1720 case MANAGER_REBOOT:
1721 case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
1723 case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
1724 static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
1725 [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
1726 [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
1727 [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
1728 [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
1731 assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
1732 arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
1734 log_notice("Shutting down.");
1739 assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
1747 for (j = 0; j < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; j++)
1748 free(arg_default_rlimit[j]);
1750 free(arg_default_unit);
1751 strv_free(arg_default_controllers);
1752 free_join_controllers();
1759 unsigned i, args_size;
1761 /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
1762 * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
1763 * rebooted while we do that */
1764 watchdog_close(true);
1766 /* Reset the RLIMIT_NOFILE to the kernel default, so
1767 * that the new systemd can pass the kernel default to
1768 * its child processes */
1769 if (saved_rlimit_nofile.rlim_cur > 0)
1770 setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &saved_rlimit_nofile);
1772 if (switch_root_dir) {
1773 /* Kill all remaining processes from the
1774 * initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we
1775 * can handle the SIGCHLD for them after
1777 broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false);
1779 /* And switch root */
1780 r = switch_root(switch_root_dir);
1782 log_error("Failed to switch root, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
1785 args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
1786 args = newa(const char*, args_size);
1788 if (!switch_root_init) {
1791 /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right
1792 * path, and with full serialization. We do
1793 * this only if the user didn't specify an
1794 * explicit init to spawn. */
1796 assert(serialization);
1799 snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
1803 args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
1804 if (switch_root_dir)
1805 args[i++] = "--switched-root";
1806 args[i++] = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user";
1807 args[i++] = "--deserialize";
1811 assert(i <= args_size);
1812 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1815 /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any
1816 * serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
1817 * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to
1818 * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
1819 * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
1821 if (serialization) {
1822 fclose(serialization);
1823 serialization = NULL;
1831 /* Reopen the console */
1832 make_console_stdio();
1834 for (j = 1, i = 1; j < argc; j++)
1835 args[i++] = argv[j];
1837 assert(i <= args_size);
1839 if (switch_root_init) {
1840 args[0] = switch_root_init;
1841 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1842 log_warning("Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m");
1845 args[0] = "/sbin/init";
1846 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1848 if (errno == ENOENT) {
1849 log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback");
1851 args[0] = "/bin/sh";
1853 execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
1854 log_error("Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
1856 log_warning("Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
1860 fclose(serialization);
1865 if (shutdown_verb) {
1866 const char * command_line[] = {
1867 SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
1873 if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
1876 /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
1877 * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
1878 * repeatedly ping it */
1879 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1880 watchdog_close(false);
1882 /* Tell the binary how often to ping */
1883 snprintf(e, sizeof(e), "WATCHDOG_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) arg_shutdown_watchdog);
1886 env_block = strv_append(environ, e);
1888 env_block = strv_copy(environ);
1889 watchdog_close(true);
1892 execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
1894 log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");