man/systemd.network.xml

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   2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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   6   This file is part of systemd.
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   8   Copyright 2013 Tom Gundersen
   9
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  23
  24 <refentry id="systemd.network" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'>
  25
  26         <refentryinfo>
  27                 <title>systemd.network</title>
  28                 <productname>systemd</productname>
  29
  30                 <authorgroup>
  31                         <author>
  32                                 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
  33                                 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
  34                                 <surname>Gundersen</surname>
  35                                 <email>teg@jklm.no</email>
  36                         </author>
  37                 </authorgroup>
  38         </refentryinfo>
  39
  40         <refmeta>
  41                 <refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle>
  42                 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
  43         </refmeta>
  44
  45         <refnamediv>
  46                 <refname>systemd.network</refname>
  47                 <refpurpose>Network configuration</refpurpose>
  48         </refnamediv>
  49
  50         <refsynopsisdiv>
  51                 <para><filename><replaceable>network</replaceable>.network</filename></para>
  52         </refsynopsisdiv>
  53
  54         <refsect1>
  55                 <title>Description</title>
  56
  57                 <para>Network setup is performed by
  58                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
  59                 </para>
  60
  61                 <para>Network files must have the extension <filename>.network</filename>;
  62                 other extensions are ignored. Networks are applied to links whenever the links
  63                 appear.</para>
  64
  65                 <para>The <filename>.network</filename> files are read from the files located in the
  66                 system network directory <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>,
  67                 the volatile runtime network directory
  68                 <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local administration
  69                 network directory <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>.
  70                 All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,
  71                 regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
  72                 identical filenames replace each other. Files in
  73                 <filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in
  74                 <filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same
  75                 name in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. This can be used to override a
  76                 system-supplied configuration file with a local file if needed; a symlink in
  77                 <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a configuration file in
  78                 <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
  79                 disables the configuration file entirely.</para>
  80
  81                         <para>The network file contains a <literal>[Match]</literal> section,
  82                         which determines if a given network file may be applied to a given device;
  83                         and a <literal>[Network]</literal> section specifying how the device should
  84                         be configured. The first (in lexical order) of the network files that
  85                         matches a given device is applied.</para>
  86
  87                         <para>A network file is said to match a device if each of the entries in the
  88                         <literal>[Match]</literal> section matches, or if the section is empty.
  89                         The following keys are accepted:</para>
  90
  91                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
  92                                 <varlistentry>
  93                                         <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
  94                                         <listitem>
  95                                                 <para>The hardware address.</para>
  96                                         </listitem>
  97                                 </varlistentry>
  98                                 <varlistentry>
  99                                         <term><varname>Path=</varname></term>
 100                                         <listitem>
 101                                                 <para>The persistent path, as exposed by the udev
 102                                                 property <literal>ID_PATH</literal>. May contain shell
 103                                                 style globs.</para>
 104                                         </listitem>
 105                                 </varlistentry>
 106                                 <varlistentry>
 107                                         <term><varname>Driver=</varname></term>
 108                                         <listitem>
 109                                                 <para>The driver currently bound to the device, as
 110                                                 exposed by the udev property <literal>DRIVER</literal>
 111                                                 of its parent device, or if that is not set the driver
 112                                                 as exposed by <literal>ethtool -i</literal> of the
 113                                                 device itself.</para>
 114                                         </listitem>
 115                                 </varlistentry>
 116                                 <varlistentry>
 117                                         <term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
 118                                         <listitem>
 119                                                 <para>The device type, as exposed by the udev property
 120                                                 <literal>DEVTYPE</literal>.</para>
 121                                         </listitem>
 122                                 </varlistentry>
 123                                 <varlistentry>
 124                                         <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
 125                                         <listitem>
 126                                                 <para>The device name, as exposed by the udev property
 127                                                 <literal>INTERFACE</literal>. May contain shell style
 128                                                 globs.</para>
 129                                         </listitem>
 130                                 </varlistentry>
 131                                 <varlistentry>
 132                                         <term><varname>Host=</varname></term>
 133                                         <listitem>
 134                                                 <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
 135                                                 host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in
 136                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 137                                                 for details.
 138                                                 </para>
 139                                         </listitem>
 140                                 </varlistentry>
 141                                 <varlistentry>
 142                                         <term><varname>Virtualization=</varname></term>
 143                                         <listitem>
 144                                                 <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
 145                                                 environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
 146                                                 implementation. See <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in
 147                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 148                                                 for details.
 149                                                 </para>
 150                                         </listitem>
 151                                 </varlistentry>
 152                                 <varlistentry>
 153                                         <term><varname>KernelCommandLine=</varname></term>
 154                                         <listitem>
 155                                                 <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
 156                                                 set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
 157                                                 <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in
 158                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 159                                                 for details.
 160                                                 </para>
 161                                         </listitem>
 162                                 </varlistentry>
 163                                 <varlistentry>
 164                                         <term><varname>Architecture=</varname></term>
 165                                         <listitem>
 166                                                 <para>Checks whether the system is running on a specific
 167                                                 architecture. See <literal>ConditionArchitecture=</literal> in
 168                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 169                                                 for details.
 170                                                 </para>
 171                                         </listitem>
 172                                 </varlistentry>
 173                         </variablelist>
 174
 175                         <para>The <literal>[Network]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 176
 177                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 178                                 <varlistentry>
 179                                         <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
 180                                         <listitem>
 181                                                 <para>A description of the device. This is only used for
 182                                                 presentation purposes.</para>
 183                                         </listitem>
 184                                 </varlistentry>
 185                                 <varlistentry>
 186                                         <term><varname>DHCP=</varname></term>
 187                                         <listitem>
 188                                                 <para>A boolean. When true, enables basic DHCPv4 support.</para>
 189                                         </listitem>
 190                                 </varlistentry>
 191                                 <varlistentry>
 192                                         <term><varname>IPv4LL=</varname></term>
 193                                         <listitem>
 194                                                 <para>A boolean. When true, enables IPv4 link-local support.
 195                                                 If <literal>DHCP=</literal> is also true, acquiring DHCP address
 196                                                 will deprecate previously acquired IPv4 link-local address or
 197                                                 stop acquiring process if one has not been acquired before.
 198                                                 </para>
 199                                         </listitem>
 200                                 </varlistentry>
 201                                 <varlistentry>
 202                                         <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 203                                         <listitem>
 204                                                 <para>A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,
 205                                                 separated by a <literal>/</literal> character. Specify this
 206                                                 key more than once to configure several addresses.
 207                                                 The format of the address must be as described in
 208                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 209                                                 This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only containing
 210                                                 an Address key (see below). This option may be specified
 211                                                 more than once.
 212                                                 </para>
 213
 214                                                 <para>If the specified
 215                                                 address is 0.0.0.0
 216                                                 (for IPv4) or [::]
 217                                                 (for IPv6) a new
 218                                                 address range of the
 219                                                 requested size is
 220                                                 automatically
 221                                                 allocated from a
 222                                                 system-wide pool of
 223                                                 unused ranges. The
 224                                                 allocated range is
 225                                                 checked against all
 226                                                 current network
 227                                                 interfaces and all
 228                                                 known network
 229                                                 configuration files to
 230                                                 avoid IP range
 231                                                 conflicts. The default
 232                                                 system-wide pool
 233                                                 consists of
 234                                                 192.168.0.0/16,
 235                                                 172.16.0.0/12 and
 236                                                 10.0.0.0/8 for IPv4,
 237                                                 and [fc00::] for
 238                                                 IPv6. This
 239                                                 functionality is
 240                                                 useful to manage a
 241                                                 large number of
 242                                                 dynamically created
 243                                                 network interfaces
 244                                                 with the same network
 245                                                 configuration and
 246                                                 automatic address
 247                                                 range
 248                                                 assignment.</para>
 249
 250                                         </listitem>
 251                                 </varlistentry>
 252                                 <varlistentry>
 253                                         <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 254                                         <listitem>
 255                                                 <para>The gateway address, which must be in the format described in
 256                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 257                                                 This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing a Gateway
 258                                                 key. This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 259                                         </listitem>
 260                                 </varlistentry>
 261                                 <varlistentry>
 262                                         <term><varname>DNS=</varname></term>
 263                                         <listitem>
 264                                                 <para>A DNS server address, which must be in the format described in
 265                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 266                                                 This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 267                                         </listitem>
 268                                 </varlistentry>
 269                                 <varlistentry>
 270                                         <term><varname>Bridge=</varname></term>
 271                                         <listitem>
 272                                                 <para>The name of the bridge to add the link to.</para>
 273                                         </listitem>
 274                                 </varlistentry>
 275                                 <varlistentry>
 276                                         <term><varname>Bond=</varname></term>
 277                                         <listitem>
 278                                                 <para>The name of the bond to add the link to.</para>
 279                                         </listitem>
 280                                 </varlistentry>
 281                                 <varlistentry>
 282                                         <term><varname>VLAN=</varname></term>
 283                                         <listitem>
 284                                                 <para>The name of a VLAN to create on the link. This option
 285                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 286                                         </listitem>
 287                                 </varlistentry>
 288                                 <varlistentry>
 289                                         <term><varname>MACVLAN=</varname></term>
 290                                         <listitem>
 291                                                 <para>The name of a MACVLAN to create on the link. This option
 292                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 293                                         </listitem>
 294                                 </varlistentry>
 295                         </variablelist>
 296
 297                         <para>An <literal>[Address]</literal> section accepts the following keys.
 298                         Specify several <literal>[Address]</literal> sections to configure several
 299                         addresses.</para>
 300
 301                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 302                                 <varlistentry>
 303                                         <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 304                                         <listitem>
 305                                                 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
 306                                         </listitem>
 307                                 </varlistentry>
 308                                 <varlistentry>
 309                                         <term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term>
 310                                         <listitem>
 311                                                 <para>The broadcast address, which must be in the format described in
 312                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 313                                                 This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not given, it is
 314                                                 derived from the <literal>Address</literal> key.</para>
 315                                         </listitem>
 316                                 </varlistentry>
 317                                 <varlistentry>
 318                                         <term><varname>Label=</varname></term>
 319                                         <listitem>
 320                                                 <para>An address label.</para>
 321                                         </listitem>
 322                                 </varlistentry>
 323                         </variablelist>
 324
 325                         <para>The <literal>[Route]</literal> section accepts the following keys. Specify
 326                         several <literal>[Route]</literal> sections to configure several routes.</para>
 327
 328                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 329                                 <varlistentry>
 330                                         <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 331                                         <listitem>
 332                                                 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
 333                                         </listitem>
 334                                 </varlistentry>
 335                                 <varlistentry>
 336                                         <term><varname>Destination=</varname></term>
 337                                         <listitem>
 338                                                 <para>The destination prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the
 339                                                 prefixlength. If ommitted, a full-length host route is assumed.</para>
 340                                         </listitem>
 341                                 </varlistentry>
 342                         </variablelist>
 343
 344                         <para>The <literal>[DHCPv4]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 345
 346                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 347                                 <varlistentry>
 348                                         <term><varname>UseDNS=</varname></term>
 349                                         <listitem>
 350                                                 <para>When true (the default), the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will
 351                                                 be used and take precedence over any statically configured ones.</para>
 352                                         </listitem>
 353                                 </varlistentry>
 354                                 <varlistentry>
 355                                         <term><varname>UseMTU=</varname></term>
 356                                         <listitem>
 357                                                 <para>When true, the interface maximum transmission unit from the DHCP server will
 358                                                 be used on the current link. Defaults to false.</para>
 359                                         </listitem>
 360                                 </varlistentry>
 361                                 <varlistentry>
 362                                         <term><varname>UseHostname=</varname></term>
 363                                         <listitem>
 364                                                 <para>When true (the default), the hostname received from the DHCP server
 365                                                 will be used as the transient hostname.</para>
 366                                         </listitem>
 367                                 </varlistentry>
 368                                 <varlistentry>
 369                                         <term><varname>CriticalConnection=</varname></term>
 370                                         <listitem>
 371                                                 <para>When true, the connection will never be torn down even if the DHCP lease
 372                                                 expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice
 373                                                 if, say, the root filesystem relies on this connection. Defaults to false.</para>
 374                                         </listitem>
 375                                 </varlistentry>
 376                        </variablelist>
 377
 378         </refsect1>
 379
 380         <refsect1>
 381                 <title>Example</title>
 382                 <example>
 383                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/50-static.network</title>
 384
 385                         <programlisting>[Match]
 386 Name=enp2s0
 387
 388 [Network]
 389 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 390 Gateway=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 391                 </example>
 392
 393                 <example>
 394                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network</title>
 395
 396                         <programlisting>[Match]
 397 Name=en*
 398
 399 [Network]
 400 DHCP=yes</programlisting>
 401                 </example>
 402
 403                 <example>
 404                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-static.network</title>
 405
 406                         <programlisting>[Match]
 407 Name=bridge0
 408
 409 [Network]
 410 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 411 Gateway=192.168.0.1
 412 DNS=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 413                 </example>
 414
 415                 <example>
 416                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-slave-interface.network</title>
 417
 418                         <programlisting>[Match]
 419 Name=enp2s0
 420
 421 [Network]
 422 Bridge=bridge0</programlisting>
 423                 </example>
 424         </refsect1>
 425
 426         <refsect1>
 427                 <title>See Also</title>
 428                 <para>
 429                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 430                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 431                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 432                 </para>
 433         </refsect1>
 434
 435 </refentry>