5 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
6 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
7 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
8 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
14 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
15 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
16 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
17 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
18 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
21 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
22 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
23 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
25 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
26 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
29 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
30 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
31 be added to the compat rules file.
33 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
36 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.11 is
39 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
40 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
41 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
43 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
44 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
45 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
46 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
52 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
53 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
55 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
56 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
57 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
59 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
63 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
64 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
70 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
71 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
72 exported with the event.
74 Firmware files are looked up in:
75 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
77 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
81 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
82 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
88 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
89 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
90 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
93 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
94 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
95 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
96 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
97 future events, all others get cleaned up.
99 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
100 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
102 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
103 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
104 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
106 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
107 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
109 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
110 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
112 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
114 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
115 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
116 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
122 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
123 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
124 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
125 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
126 can not be used with udev.
128 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
129 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
130 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
131 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
132 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
133 users over to directly use libudev.
134 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
135 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
136 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
139 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
140 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
141 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
142 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
143 format will fail to work correctly.
145 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
146 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
153 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
154 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
155 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
156 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
163 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
164 instead of waiting for "all" events.
170 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
171 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
172 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
173 event handling the watch is restored.
179 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
180 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
181 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
187 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
188 are always updated with a test run now.
190 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
191 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
192 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
198 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
199 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
200 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
201 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
203 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
204 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
205 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
207 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
208 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
209 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
210 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
212 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
213 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
214 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
215 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
216 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
217 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
218 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
219 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
220 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
222 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
223 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
224 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
225 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
226 name in the by-id/ directory.
227 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
228 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
229 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
230 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
232 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
233 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
234 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
235 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
236 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
242 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
249 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
253 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
254 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
255 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
256 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
257 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
259 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
260 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
261 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
263 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
264 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
265 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
266 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
269 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
270 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
271 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
272 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
273 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
274 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
276 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
277 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
278 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
279 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
280 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
281 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
282 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
283 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
284 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
285 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
286 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
287 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
292 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
293 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
297 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
299 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
300 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
301 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
302 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
303 other keys per rule are gone.
305 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
306 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
307 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
308 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
310 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
311 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
312 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
314 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
315 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
321 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
322 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
323 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
324 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
325 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
326 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
330 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
331 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
334 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
335 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
336 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
338 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
341 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
342 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
343 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
349 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
350 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
351 option which is not affected.
353 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
354 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
360 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
361 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
362 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
365 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
366 some deprecated functions are removed.
368 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
369 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
370 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
372 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
373 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
378 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
381 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
383 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
387 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
388 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
390 compile-in verbose debug messages
392 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
394 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
397 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
398 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
399 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
401 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
402 they should be provided by the package.
408 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
409 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
410 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
412 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
413 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
414 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
415 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
418 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
419 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
422 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
423 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
424 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
429 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
435 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
436 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
442 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
445 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
446 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
447 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
448 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
454 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
455 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
456 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
457 udev (and the kernel).
463 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
465 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
466 udevtest are no longer created.
468 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
471 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
472 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
483 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
484 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
490 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
491 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
492 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
493 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
494 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
496 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
497 udevadm in the list of files.
507 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
508 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
509 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
510 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
511 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
512 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
513 in etc/udev/packages/.
519 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
520 actions by dynamically created rules.
522 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
523 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
524 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
526 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
527 program and not record as a failed event.
533 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
539 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
540 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
541 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
542 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
543 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
545 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
546 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
547 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
549 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
550 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
556 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
557 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
558 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
559 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
560 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
562 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
563 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
569 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
579 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
580 from the udev package.
586 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
587 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
588 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
589 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
590 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
591 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
592 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
595 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
596 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
598 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
599 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
600 the devices we are looking for.
602 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
603 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
604 the same SCSI identifiers.
606 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
607 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
608 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
609 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
610 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
611 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
612 that run programs only for the matching events.
622 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
623 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
624 included in the match.
626 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
634 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
635 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
636 storage area of their music players.
640 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
644 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
645 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
646 action that crashes the box.
648 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
649 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
650 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
651 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
652 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
654 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
655 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
660 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
666 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
667 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
669 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
670 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
671 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
674 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
675 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
676 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
677 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
678 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
680 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
681 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
687 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
688 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
689 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
690 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
691 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
693 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
694 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
695 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
696 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
697 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
700 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
701 event device. Instead of:
702 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
704 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
706 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
708 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
710 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
711 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
712 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
713 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
714 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
715 no longer carry this property of a parent and
716 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
717 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
718 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
719 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
720 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
721 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
722 in most cases it will be empty.
724 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
725 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
726 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
727 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
728 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
729 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
730 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
732 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
733 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
734 no database file was created by udev.
736 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
737 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
738 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
742 Bugfixes and small improvements.
746 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
752 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
753 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
757 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
761 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
762 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
770 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
771 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
772 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
773 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
774 fix possibly broken rules.
778 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
779 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
780 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
781 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
785 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
786 also skipped optical IDE drives.
788 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
790 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
791 packaging process and not at build time.
793 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
794 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
795 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
796 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
797 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
801 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
802 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
804 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
805 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
806 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
808 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
809 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
813 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
815 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
819 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
820 events for the same device.
824 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
826 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
831 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
832 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
833 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
834 received the event for.
836 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
841 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
843 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
844 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
845 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
846 the end of the program name to prevent this.
847 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
848 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
849 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
853 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
854 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
855 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
856 included in a package.
858 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
859 the ignore rule was applied.
861 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
862 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
863 should be requested by their subsytem.
865 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
867 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
868 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
870 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
871 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
872 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
873 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
874 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
877 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
878 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
879 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
880 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
881 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
882 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
883 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
884 for changed parent chains.
888 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
889 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
891 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
892 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
894 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
895 to make %b simpler and working again.
899 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
900 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
901 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
902 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
903 change. They will be fixed immediately.
905 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
906 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
907 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
908 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
909 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
911 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
912 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
913 the sysfs "modalias" value.
915 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
919 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
921 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
922 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
924 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
925 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
929 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
930 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
931 mentioned on the hotplug list:
932 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
935 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
939 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
940 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
941 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
945 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
946 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
947 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
948 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
949 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
950 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
952 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
953 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
955 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
956 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
957 still private to udev and can change at any time.
959 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
960 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
961 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
962 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
964 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
965 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
966 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
969 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
970 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
971 before starting the daemon.
975 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
978 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
979 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
983 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
984 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
986 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
987 without any queuing now.
991 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
992 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
993 version of udev anymore.
997 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
998 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
999 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1000 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1001 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1003 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1004 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1005 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1006 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1008 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1011 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1015 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1017 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1018 non-writable /tmp directory.
1020 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1021 let's see who can break this again. :)
1023 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1024 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1025 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1026 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1030 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1035 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1036 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1037 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1038 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1039 export it to the filesystem.
1043 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1044 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1049 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1050 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1051 available while we try to run external programs.
1052 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1056 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1057 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1058 grab it from here. :)
1062 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1064 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1065 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1066 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1070 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1072 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1074 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1075 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1080 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1084 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1086 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1087 timing with custom rules.
1091 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1092 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1094 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1095 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1096 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1098 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1106 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1107 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1108 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1109 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1111 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1112 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1113 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1115 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1116 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1117 bypass the driver core.
1119 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1120 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1121 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1122 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1123 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1124 from a rule if needed:
1125 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1126 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1127 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1128 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1129 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1130 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1132 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1133 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1134 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1135 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1137 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1138 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1139 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1141 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1142 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1143 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1144 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1145 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1147 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1148 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1149 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1150 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1153 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1154 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1155 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1156 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1157 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1158 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1159 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1161 The following rules:
1162 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1163 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1166 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1169 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1170 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1172 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1173 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1174 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1176 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1177 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1178 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1179 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1181 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1182 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1183 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1186 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1187 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1188 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1189 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1190 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1191 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1193 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1194 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1195 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1196 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1200 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1201 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1205 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1206 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1207 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1211 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1212 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1214 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1215 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1216 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1217 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1219 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1220 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1221 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1223 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1224 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1226 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1227 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1228 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1229 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1230 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1231 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1232 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1237 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1238 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1239 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1243 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1245 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1246 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1248 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1249 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1251 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1252 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1253 character class negations like:
1254 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1255 this can now be replaced with:
1257 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1258 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1260 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1263 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1264 with every forked event.