5 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now, instead of "add"
8 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
9 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
10 about non-exixting partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
11 longer provide such an unreliable and unsafe option.
13 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
14 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
15 should no longer be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
16 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
17 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
19 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
20 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
21 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
23 The modem mode switch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
24 program should be used instead.
26 New and fixed keymaps.
36 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
37 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
38 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
43 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
49 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
50 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
51 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
52 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
54 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
55 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
58 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
59 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
60 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
62 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
63 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
64 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
65 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
66 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
67 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
73 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
74 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
75 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
76 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
77 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
80 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
81 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
82 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
84 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
85 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
88 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
89 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
90 be added to the compat rules file.
92 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
95 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
98 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
99 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
100 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
102 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
103 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
104 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
105 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
111 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
112 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
114 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
115 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
116 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
118 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
122 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
123 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
129 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
130 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
131 exported with the event.
133 Firmware files are looked up in:
134 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
135 /lib/firmware/updates
136 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
140 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
141 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
147 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
148 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
149 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
152 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
153 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
154 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
155 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
156 future events, all others get cleaned up.
158 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
159 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
161 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
162 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
163 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
165 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
166 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
168 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
169 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
171 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
173 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
174 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
175 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
181 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
182 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
183 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
184 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
185 can not be used with udev.
187 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
188 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
189 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
190 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
191 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
192 users over to directly use libudev.
193 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
194 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
195 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
198 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
199 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
200 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
201 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
202 format will fail to work correctly.
204 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
205 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
212 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
213 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
214 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
215 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
222 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
223 instead of waiting for "all" events.
229 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
230 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
231 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
232 event handling the watch is restored.
238 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
239 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
240 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
246 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
247 are always updated with a test run now.
249 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
250 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
251 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
257 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
258 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
259 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
260 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
262 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
263 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
264 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
266 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
267 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
268 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
269 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
271 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
272 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
273 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
274 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
275 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
276 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
277 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
278 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
279 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
281 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
282 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
283 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
284 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
285 name in the by-id/ directory.
286 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
287 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
288 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
289 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
291 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
292 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
293 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
294 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
295 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
301 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
308 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
312 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
313 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
314 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
315 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
316 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
318 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
319 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
320 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
322 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
323 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
324 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
325 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
328 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
329 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
330 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
331 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
332 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
333 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
335 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
336 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
337 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
338 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
339 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
340 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
341 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
342 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
343 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
344 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
345 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
346 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
351 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
352 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
356 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
358 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
359 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
360 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
361 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
362 other keys per rule are gone.
364 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
365 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
366 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
367 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
369 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
370 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
371 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
373 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
374 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
380 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
381 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
382 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
383 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
384 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
385 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
389 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
390 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
393 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
394 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
395 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
397 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
400 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
401 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
402 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
408 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
409 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
410 option which is not affected.
412 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
413 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
419 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
420 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
421 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
424 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
425 some deprecated functions are removed.
427 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
428 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
429 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
431 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
432 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
437 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
440 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
442 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
446 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
447 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
449 compile-in verbose debug messages
451 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
453 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
456 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
457 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
458 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
460 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
461 they should be provided by the package.
467 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
468 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
469 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
471 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
472 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
473 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
474 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
477 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
478 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
481 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
482 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
483 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
488 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
494 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
495 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
501 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
504 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
505 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
506 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
507 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
513 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
514 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
515 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
516 udev (and the kernel).
522 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
524 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
525 udevtest are no longer created.
527 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
530 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
531 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
542 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
543 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
549 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
550 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
551 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
552 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
553 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
555 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
556 udevadm in the list of files.
566 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
567 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
568 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
569 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
570 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
571 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
572 in etc/udev/packages/.
578 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
579 actions by dynamically created rules.
581 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
582 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
583 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
585 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
586 program and not record as a failed event.
592 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
598 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
599 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
600 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
601 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
602 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
604 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
605 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
606 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
608 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
609 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
615 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
616 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
617 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
618 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
619 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
621 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
622 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
628 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
638 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
639 from the udev package.
645 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
646 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
647 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
648 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
649 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
650 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
651 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
654 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
655 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
657 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
658 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
659 the devices we are looking for.
661 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
662 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
663 the same SCSI identifiers.
665 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
666 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
667 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
668 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
669 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
670 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
671 that run programs only for the matching events.
681 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
682 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
683 included in the match.
685 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
693 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
694 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
695 storage area of their music players.
699 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
703 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
704 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
705 action that crashes the box.
707 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
708 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
709 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
710 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
711 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
713 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
714 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
719 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
725 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
726 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
728 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
729 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
730 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
733 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
734 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
735 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
736 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
737 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
739 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
740 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
746 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
747 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
748 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
749 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
750 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
752 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
753 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
754 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
755 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
756 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
759 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
760 event device. Instead of:
761 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
763 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
765 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
767 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
769 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
770 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
771 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
772 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
773 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
774 no longer carry this property of a parent and
775 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
776 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
777 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
778 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
779 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
780 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
781 in most cases it will be empty.
783 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
784 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
785 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
786 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
787 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
788 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
789 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
791 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
792 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
793 no database file was created by udev.
795 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
796 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
797 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
801 Bugfixes and small improvements.
805 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
811 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
812 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
816 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
820 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
821 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
829 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
830 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
831 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
832 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
833 fix possibly broken rules.
837 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
838 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
839 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
840 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
844 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
845 also skipped optical IDE drives.
847 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
849 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
850 packaging process and not at build time.
852 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
853 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
854 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
855 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
856 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
860 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
861 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
863 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
864 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
865 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
867 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
868 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
872 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
874 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
878 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
879 events for the same device.
883 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
885 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
890 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
891 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
892 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
893 received the event for.
895 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
900 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
902 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
903 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
904 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
905 the end of the program name to prevent this.
906 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
907 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
908 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
912 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
913 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
914 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
915 included in a package.
917 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
918 the ignore rule was applied.
920 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
921 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
922 should be requested by their subsytem.
924 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
926 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
927 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
929 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
930 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
931 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
932 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
933 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
936 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
937 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
938 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
939 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
940 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
941 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
942 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
943 for changed parent chains.
947 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
948 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
950 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
951 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
953 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
954 to make %b simpler and working again.
958 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
959 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
960 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
961 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
962 change. They will be fixed immediately.
964 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
965 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
966 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
967 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
968 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
970 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
971 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
972 the sysfs "modalias" value.
974 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
978 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
980 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
981 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
983 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
984 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
988 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
989 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
990 mentioned on the hotplug list:
991 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
994 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
998 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
999 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1000 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1004 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1005 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1006 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1007 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1008 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1009 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1011 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1012 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1014 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1015 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1016 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1018 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1019 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1020 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1021 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1023 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1024 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1025 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1028 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1029 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1030 before starting the daemon.
1034 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1037 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1038 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1042 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1043 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1045 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1046 without any queuing now.
1050 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1051 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1052 version of udev anymore.
1056 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1057 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1058 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1059 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1060 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1062 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1063 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1064 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1065 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1067 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1070 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1074 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1076 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1077 non-writable /tmp directory.
1079 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1080 let's see who can break this again. :)
1082 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1083 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1084 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1085 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1089 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1094 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1095 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1096 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1097 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1098 export it to the filesystem.
1102 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1103 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1108 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1109 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1110 available while we try to run external programs.
1111 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1115 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1116 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1117 grab it from here. :)
1121 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1123 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1124 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1125 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1129 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1131 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1133 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1134 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1139 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1143 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1145 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1146 timing with custom rules.
1150 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1151 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1153 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1154 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1155 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1157 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1165 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1166 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1167 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1168 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1170 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1171 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1172 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1174 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1175 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1176 bypass the driver core.
1178 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1179 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1180 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1181 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1182 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1183 from a rule if needed:
1184 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1185 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1186 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1187 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1188 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1189 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1191 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1192 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1193 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1194 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1196 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1197 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1198 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1200 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1201 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1202 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1203 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1204 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1206 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1207 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1208 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1209 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1212 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1213 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1214 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1215 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1216 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1217 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1218 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1220 The following rules:
1221 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1222 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1225 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1228 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1229 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1231 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1232 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1233 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1235 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1236 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1237 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1238 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1240 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1241 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1242 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1245 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1246 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1247 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1248 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1249 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1250 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1252 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1253 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1254 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1255 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1259 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1260 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1264 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1265 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1266 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1270 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1271 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1273 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1274 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1275 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1276 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1278 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1279 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1280 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1282 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1283 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1285 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1286 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1287 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1288 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1289 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1290 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1291 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1296 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1297 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1298 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1302 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1304 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1305 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1307 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1308 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1310 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1311 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1312 character class negations like:
1313 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1314 this can now be replaced with:
1316 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1317 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1319 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1322 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1323 with every forked event.