5 GUdev moved from /usr to /.
15 Persistent network naming rules are disabled inside of Qemu/KVM now.
17 New and updated keymaps.
19 Udev gets unconditionally enabled on systemd installations now. There
20 is no longer the need to to run 'systemctl enable udev.service'.
34 New and fixed keymaps.
36 Install systemd service files if applicable.
42 All distribution specific rules are removed from the udev source tree,
43 most of them are no longer needed. The Gentoo rules which allow to support
44 older kernel versions, which are not covered by the default rules anymore
45 has moved to rules/misc/30-kernel-compat.rules.
51 The option --debug-trace and the environemnt variable UDEVD_MAX_CHILDS=
52 was removed from udevd.
54 Udevd now checks the kernel commandline for the following variables:
55 udev.log-priority=<syslog priority>
56 udev.children-max=<maximum number of workers>
57 udev.exec-delay=<seconds to delay the execution of RUN=>
58 to help debuging coldplug setups where the loading of a kernel
59 module crashes the system.
61 The subdirectory in the source tree rules/packages has been renamed to
62 rules/arch, anc contains only architecture specific rules now.
72 Now the udev daemon itself, does on startup:
73 - copy the content of /lib/udev/devices to /dev
74 - create the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err},
75 /dev/core, /dev/fd, ...
76 - use static node information provided by kernel modules
77 and creates these nodes to allow module on-demand loading
78 - possibly apply permissions to all ststic nodes from udev
79 rules which are annotated to match a static node
81 The default mode for a device node is 0600 now to match the kernel
82 created devtmpfs defaults. If GROUP= is specified and no MODE= is
83 given the default will be 0660.
89 Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
90 and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
91 permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
92 As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
93 other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
94 Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
95 still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
96 only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
97 provides for all devices.
101 Fix broken firmware loader search path.
107 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
108 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
109 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
110 events are expected as "add" events.
112 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
113 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
114 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
115 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
117 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
118 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
119 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
120 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
121 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
123 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
124 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
125 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
127 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
128 program should be used instead.
130 New and fixed keymaps.
140 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
141 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
142 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
147 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
153 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
154 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
155 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
156 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
158 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
159 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
162 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
163 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
164 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
166 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
167 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
168 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
169 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
170 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
171 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
177 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
178 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
179 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
180 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
181 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
184 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
185 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
186 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
188 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
189 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
192 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
193 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
194 be added to the compat rules file.
196 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
197 the udevadm commands.
199 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
202 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
203 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
204 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
206 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
207 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
208 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
209 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
215 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
216 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
218 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
219 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
220 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
222 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
226 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
227 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
233 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
234 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
235 exported with the event.
237 Firmware files are looked up in:
238 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
239 /lib/firmware/updates
240 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
244 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
245 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
251 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
252 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
253 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
256 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
257 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
258 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
259 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
260 future events, all others get cleaned up.
262 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
263 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
265 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
266 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
267 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
269 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
270 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
272 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
273 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
275 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
277 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
278 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
279 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
285 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
286 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
287 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
288 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
289 can not be used with udev.
291 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
292 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
293 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
294 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
295 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
296 users over to directly use libudev.
297 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
298 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
299 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
302 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
303 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
304 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
305 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
306 format will fail to work correctly.
308 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
309 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
316 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
317 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
318 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
319 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
326 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
327 instead of waiting for "all" events.
333 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
334 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
335 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
336 event handling the watch is restored.
342 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
343 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
344 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
350 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
351 are always updated with a test run now.
353 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
354 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
355 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
361 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
362 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
363 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
364 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
366 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
367 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
368 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
370 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
371 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
372 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
373 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
375 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
376 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
377 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
378 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
379 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
380 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
381 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
382 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
383 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
385 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
386 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
387 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
388 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
389 name in the by-id/ directory.
390 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
391 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
392 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
393 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
395 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
396 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
397 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
398 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
399 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
405 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
412 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
416 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
417 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
418 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
419 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
420 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
422 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
423 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
424 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
426 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
427 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
428 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
429 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
432 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
433 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
434 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
435 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
436 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
437 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
439 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
440 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
441 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
442 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
443 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
444 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
445 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
446 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
447 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
448 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
449 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
450 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
455 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
456 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
460 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
462 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
463 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
464 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
465 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
466 other keys per rule are gone.
468 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
469 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
470 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
471 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
473 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
474 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
475 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
477 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
478 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
484 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
485 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
486 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
487 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
488 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
489 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
493 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
494 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
497 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
498 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
499 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
501 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
504 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
505 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
506 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
512 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
513 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
514 option which is not affected.
516 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
517 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
523 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
524 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
525 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
528 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
529 some deprecated functions are removed.
531 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
532 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
533 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
535 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
536 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
541 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
544 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
546 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
550 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
551 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
553 compile-in verbose debug messages
555 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
557 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
560 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
561 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
562 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
564 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
565 they should be provided by the package.
571 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
572 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
573 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
575 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
576 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
577 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
578 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
581 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
582 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
585 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
586 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
587 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
592 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
598 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
599 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
605 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
608 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
609 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
610 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
611 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
617 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
618 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
619 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
620 udev (and the kernel).
626 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
628 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
629 udevtest are no longer created.
631 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
634 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
635 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
646 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
647 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
653 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
654 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
655 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
656 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
657 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
659 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
660 udevadm in the list of files.
670 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
671 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
672 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
673 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
674 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
675 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
676 in etc/udev/packages/.
682 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
683 actions by dynamically created rules.
685 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
686 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
687 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
689 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
690 program and not record as a failed event.
696 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
702 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
703 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
704 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
705 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
706 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
708 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
709 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
710 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
712 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
713 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
719 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
720 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
721 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
722 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
723 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
725 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
726 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
732 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
742 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
743 from the udev package.
749 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
750 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
751 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
752 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
753 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
754 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
755 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
758 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
759 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
761 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
762 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
763 the devices we are looking for.
765 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
766 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
767 the same SCSI identifiers.
769 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
770 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
771 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
772 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
773 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
774 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
775 that run programs only for the matching events.
785 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
786 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
787 included in the match.
789 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
797 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
798 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
799 storage area of their music players.
803 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
807 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
808 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
809 action that crashes the box.
811 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
812 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
813 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
814 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
815 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
817 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
818 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
823 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
829 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
830 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
832 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
833 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
834 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
837 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
838 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
839 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
840 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
841 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
843 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
844 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
850 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
851 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
852 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
853 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
854 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
856 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
857 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
858 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
859 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
860 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
863 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
864 event device. Instead of:
865 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
867 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
869 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
871 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
873 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
874 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
875 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
876 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
877 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
878 no longer carry this property of a parent and
879 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
880 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
881 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
882 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
883 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
884 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
885 in most cases it will be empty.
887 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
888 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
889 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
890 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
891 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
892 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
893 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
895 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
896 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
897 no database file was created by udev.
899 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
900 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
901 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
905 Bugfixes and small improvements.
909 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
915 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
916 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
920 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
924 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
925 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
933 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
934 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
935 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
936 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
937 fix possibly broken rules.
941 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
942 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
943 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
944 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
948 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
949 also skipped optical IDE drives.
951 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
953 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
954 packaging process and not at build time.
956 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
957 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
958 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
959 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
960 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
964 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
965 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
967 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
968 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
969 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
971 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
972 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
976 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
978 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
982 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
983 events for the same device.
987 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
989 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
994 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
995 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
996 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
997 received the event for.
999 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
1004 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
1006 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
1007 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
1008 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
1009 the end of the program name to prevent this.
1010 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
1011 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
1012 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
1016 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
1017 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
1018 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
1019 included in a package.
1021 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
1022 the ignore rule was applied.
1024 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
1025 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
1026 should be requested by their subsytem.
1028 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
1030 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
1031 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
1033 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
1034 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
1035 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
1036 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
1037 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
1040 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
1041 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
1042 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
1043 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
1044 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
1045 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
1046 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
1047 for changed parent chains.
1051 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
1052 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
1054 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
1055 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
1057 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
1058 to make %b simpler and working again.
1062 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
1063 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
1064 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
1065 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
1066 change. They will be fixed immediately.
1068 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
1069 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
1070 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
1071 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
1072 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
1074 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
1075 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
1076 the sysfs "modalias" value.
1078 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
1082 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
1084 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
1085 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
1087 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
1088 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
1092 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
1093 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
1094 mentioned on the hotplug list:
1095 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
1098 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1102 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1103 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1104 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1108 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1109 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1110 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1111 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1112 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1113 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1115 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1116 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1118 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1119 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1120 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1122 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1123 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1124 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1125 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1127 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1128 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1129 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1132 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1133 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1134 before starting the daemon.
1138 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1141 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1142 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1146 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1147 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1149 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1150 without any queuing now.
1154 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1155 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1156 version of udev anymore.
1160 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1161 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1162 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1163 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1164 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1166 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1167 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1168 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1169 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1171 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1174 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1178 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1180 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1181 non-writable /tmp directory.
1183 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1184 let's see who can break this again. :)
1186 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1187 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1188 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1189 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1193 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1198 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1199 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1200 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1201 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1202 export it to the filesystem.
1206 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1207 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1212 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1213 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1214 available while we try to run external programs.
1215 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1219 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1220 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1221 grab it from here. :)
1225 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1227 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1228 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1229 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1233 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1235 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1237 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1238 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1243 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1247 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1249 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1250 timing with custom rules.
1254 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1255 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1257 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1258 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1259 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1261 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1269 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1270 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1271 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1272 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1274 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1275 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1276 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1278 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1279 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1280 bypass the driver core.
1282 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1283 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1284 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1285 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1286 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1287 from a rule if needed:
1288 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1289 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1290 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1291 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1292 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1293 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1295 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1296 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1297 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1298 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1300 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1301 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1302 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1304 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1305 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1306 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1307 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1308 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1310 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1311 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1312 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1313 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1316 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1317 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1318 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1319 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1320 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1321 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1322 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1324 The following rules:
1325 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1326 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1329 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1332 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1333 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1335 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1336 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1337 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1339 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1340 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1341 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1342 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1344 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1345 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1346 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1349 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1350 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1351 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1352 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1353 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1354 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1356 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1357 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1358 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1359 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1363 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1364 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1368 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1369 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1370 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1374 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1375 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1377 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1378 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1379 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1380 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1382 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1383 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1384 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1386 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1387 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1389 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1390 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1391 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1392 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1393 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1394 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1395 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1400 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1401 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1402 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1406 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1408 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1409 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1411 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1412 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1414 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1415 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1416 character class negations like:
1417 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1418 this can now be replaced with:
1420 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1421 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1423 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1426 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1427 with every forked event.