5 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now, instead of "add"
8 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
9 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
10 about non-exixting partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
11 longer provide such an unreliable and unsafe option.
13 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
14 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
15 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
17 The modem mode switch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
18 program should be used instead.
20 New and fixed keymaps.
30 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
31 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
32 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
37 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
43 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
44 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
45 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
46 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
48 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
49 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
52 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
53 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
54 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
56 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
57 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
58 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
59 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
60 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
61 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
67 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
68 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
69 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
70 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
71 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
74 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
75 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
76 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
78 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
79 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
82 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
83 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
84 be added to the compat rules file.
86 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
89 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
92 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
93 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
94 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
96 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
97 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
98 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
99 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
105 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
106 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
108 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
109 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
110 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
112 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
116 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
117 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
123 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
124 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
125 exported with the event.
127 Firmware files are looked up in:
128 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
129 /lib/firmware/updates
130 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
134 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
135 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
141 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
142 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
143 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
146 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
147 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
148 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
149 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
150 future events, all others get cleaned up.
152 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
153 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
155 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
156 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
157 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
159 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
160 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
162 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
163 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
165 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
167 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
168 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
169 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
175 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
176 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
177 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
178 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
179 can not be used with udev.
181 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
182 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
183 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
184 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
185 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
186 users over to directly use libudev.
187 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
188 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
189 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
192 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
193 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
194 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
195 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
196 format will fail to work correctly.
198 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
199 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
206 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
207 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
208 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
209 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
216 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
217 instead of waiting for "all" events.
223 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
224 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
225 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
226 event handling the watch is restored.
232 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
233 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
234 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
240 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
241 are always updated with a test run now.
243 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
244 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
245 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
251 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
252 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
253 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
254 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
256 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
257 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
258 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
260 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
261 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
262 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
263 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
265 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
266 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
267 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
268 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
269 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
270 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
271 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
272 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
273 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
275 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
276 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
277 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
278 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
279 name in the by-id/ directory.
280 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
281 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
282 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
283 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
285 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
286 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
287 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
288 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
289 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
295 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
302 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
306 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
307 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
308 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
309 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
310 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
312 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
313 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
314 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
316 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
317 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
318 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
319 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
322 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
323 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
324 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
325 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
326 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
327 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
329 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
330 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
331 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
332 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
333 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
334 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
335 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
336 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
337 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
338 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
339 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
340 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
345 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
346 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
350 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
352 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
353 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
354 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
355 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
356 other keys per rule are gone.
358 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
359 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
360 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
361 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
363 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
364 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
365 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
367 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
368 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
374 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
375 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
376 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
377 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
378 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
379 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
383 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
384 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
387 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
388 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
389 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
391 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
394 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
395 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
396 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
402 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
403 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
404 option which is not affected.
406 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
407 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
413 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
414 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
415 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
418 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
419 some deprecated functions are removed.
421 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
422 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
423 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
425 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
426 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
431 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
434 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
436 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
440 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
441 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
443 compile-in verbose debug messages
445 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
447 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
450 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
451 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
452 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
454 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
455 they should be provided by the package.
461 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
462 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
463 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
465 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
466 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
467 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
468 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
471 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
472 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
475 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
476 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
477 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
482 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
488 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
489 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
495 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
498 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
499 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
500 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
501 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
507 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
508 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
509 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
510 udev (and the kernel).
516 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
518 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
519 udevtest are no longer created.
521 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
524 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
525 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
536 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
537 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
543 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
544 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
545 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
546 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
547 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
549 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
550 udevadm in the list of files.
560 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
561 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
562 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
563 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
564 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
565 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
566 in etc/udev/packages/.
572 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
573 actions by dynamically created rules.
575 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
576 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
577 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
579 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
580 program and not record as a failed event.
586 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
592 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
593 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
594 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
595 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
596 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
598 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
599 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
600 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
602 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
603 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
609 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
610 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
611 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
612 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
613 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
615 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
616 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
622 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
632 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
633 from the udev package.
639 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
640 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
641 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
642 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
643 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
644 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
645 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
648 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
649 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
651 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
652 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
653 the devices we are looking for.
655 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
656 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
657 the same SCSI identifiers.
659 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
660 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
661 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
662 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
663 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
664 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
665 that run programs only for the matching events.
675 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
676 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
677 included in the match.
679 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
687 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
688 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
689 storage area of their music players.
693 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
697 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
698 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
699 action that crashes the box.
701 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
702 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
703 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
704 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
705 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
707 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
708 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
713 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
719 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
720 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
722 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
723 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
724 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
727 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
728 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
729 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
730 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
731 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
733 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
734 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
740 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
741 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
742 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
743 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
744 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
746 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
747 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
748 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
749 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
750 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
753 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
754 event device. Instead of:
755 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
757 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
759 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
761 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
763 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
764 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
765 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
766 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
767 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
768 no longer carry this property of a parent and
769 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
770 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
771 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
772 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
773 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
774 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
775 in most cases it will be empty.
777 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
778 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
779 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
780 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
781 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
782 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
783 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
785 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
786 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
787 no database file was created by udev.
789 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
790 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
791 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
795 Bugfixes and small improvements.
799 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
805 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
806 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
810 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
814 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
815 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
823 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
824 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
825 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
826 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
827 fix possibly broken rules.
831 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
832 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
833 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
834 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
838 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
839 also skipped optical IDE drives.
841 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
843 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
844 packaging process and not at build time.
846 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
847 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
848 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
849 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
850 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
854 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
855 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
857 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
858 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
859 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
861 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
862 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
866 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
868 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
872 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
873 events for the same device.
877 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
879 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
884 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
885 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
886 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
887 received the event for.
889 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
894 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
896 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
897 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
898 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
899 the end of the program name to prevent this.
900 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
901 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
902 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
906 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
907 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
908 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
909 included in a package.
911 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
912 the ignore rule was applied.
914 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
915 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
916 should be requested by their subsytem.
918 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
920 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
921 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
923 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
924 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
925 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
926 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
927 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
930 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
931 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
932 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
933 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
934 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
935 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
936 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
937 for changed parent chains.
941 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
942 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
944 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
945 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
947 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
948 to make %b simpler and working again.
952 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
953 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
954 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
955 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
956 change. They will be fixed immediately.
958 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
959 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
960 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
961 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
962 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
964 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
965 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
966 the sysfs "modalias" value.
968 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
972 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
974 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
975 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
977 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
978 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
982 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
983 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
984 mentioned on the hotplug list:
985 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
988 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
992 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
993 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
994 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
998 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
999 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1000 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1001 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1002 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1003 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1005 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1006 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1008 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1009 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1010 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1012 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1013 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1014 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1015 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1017 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1018 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1019 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1022 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1023 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1024 before starting the daemon.
1028 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1031 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1032 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1036 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1037 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1039 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1040 without any queuing now.
1044 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1045 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1046 version of udev anymore.
1050 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1051 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1052 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1053 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1054 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1056 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1057 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1058 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1059 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1061 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1064 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1068 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1070 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1071 non-writable /tmp directory.
1073 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1074 let's see who can break this again. :)
1076 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1077 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1078 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1079 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1083 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1088 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1089 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1090 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1091 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1092 export it to the filesystem.
1096 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1097 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1102 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1103 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1104 available while we try to run external programs.
1105 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1109 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1110 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1111 grab it from here. :)
1115 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1117 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1118 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1119 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1123 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1125 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1127 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1128 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1133 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1137 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1139 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1140 timing with custom rules.
1144 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1145 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1147 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1148 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1149 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1151 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1159 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1160 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1161 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1162 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1164 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1165 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1166 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1168 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1169 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1170 bypass the driver core.
1172 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1173 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1174 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1175 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1176 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1177 from a rule if needed:
1178 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1179 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1180 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1181 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1182 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1183 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1185 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1186 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1187 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1188 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1190 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1191 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1192 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1194 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1195 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1196 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1197 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1198 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1200 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1201 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1202 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1203 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1206 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1207 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1208 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1209 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1210 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1211 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1212 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1214 The following rules:
1215 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1216 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1219 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1222 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1223 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1225 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1226 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1227 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1229 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1230 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1231 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1232 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1234 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1235 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1236 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1239 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1240 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1241 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1242 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1243 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1244 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1246 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1247 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1248 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1249 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1253 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1254 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1258 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1259 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1260 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1264 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1265 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1267 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1268 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1269 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1270 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1272 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1273 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1274 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1276 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1277 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1279 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1280 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1281 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1282 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1283 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1284 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1285 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1290 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1291 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1292 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1296 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1298 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1299 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1301 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1302 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1304 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1305 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1306 character class negations like:
1307 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1308 this can now be replaced with:
1310 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1311 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1313 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1316 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1317 with every forked event.
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blob