3 Fix broken firmware loader search path.
9 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
10 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
11 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
12 events are expected as "add" events.
14 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
15 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
16 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
17 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
19 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
20 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
21 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
22 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
23 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
25 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
26 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
27 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
29 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
30 program should be used instead.
32 New and fixed keymaps.
42 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
43 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
44 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
49 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
55 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
56 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
57 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
58 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
60 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
61 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
64 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
65 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
66 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
68 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
69 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
70 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
71 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
72 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
73 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
79 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
80 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
81 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
82 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
83 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
86 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
87 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
88 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
90 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
91 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
94 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
95 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
96 be added to the compat rules file.
98 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
101 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
104 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
105 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
106 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
108 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
109 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
110 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
111 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
117 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
118 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
120 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
121 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
122 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
124 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
128 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
129 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
135 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
136 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
137 exported with the event.
139 Firmware files are looked up in:
140 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
141 /lib/firmware/updates
142 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
146 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
147 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
153 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
154 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
155 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
158 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
159 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
160 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
161 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
162 future events, all others get cleaned up.
164 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
165 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
167 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
168 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
169 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
171 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
172 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
174 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
175 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
177 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
179 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
180 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
181 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
187 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
188 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
189 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
190 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
191 can not be used with udev.
193 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
194 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
195 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
196 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
197 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
198 users over to directly use libudev.
199 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
200 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
201 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
204 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
205 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
206 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
207 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
208 format will fail to work correctly.
210 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
211 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
218 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
219 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
220 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
221 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
228 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
229 instead of waiting for "all" events.
235 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
236 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
237 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
238 event handling the watch is restored.
244 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
245 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
246 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
252 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
253 are always updated with a test run now.
255 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
256 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
257 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
263 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
264 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
265 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
266 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
268 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
269 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
270 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
272 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
273 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
274 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
275 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
277 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
278 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
279 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
280 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
281 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
282 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
283 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
284 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
285 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
287 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
288 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
289 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
290 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
291 name in the by-id/ directory.
292 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
293 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
294 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
295 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
297 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
298 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
299 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
300 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
301 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
307 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
314 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
318 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
319 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
320 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
321 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
322 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
324 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
325 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
326 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
328 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
329 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
330 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
331 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
334 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
335 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
336 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
337 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
338 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
339 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
341 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
342 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
343 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
344 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
345 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
346 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
347 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
348 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
349 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
350 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
351 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
352 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
357 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
358 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
362 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
364 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
365 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
366 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
367 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
368 other keys per rule are gone.
370 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
371 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
372 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
373 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
375 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
376 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
377 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
379 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
380 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
386 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
387 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
388 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
389 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
390 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
391 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
395 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
396 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
399 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
400 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
401 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
403 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
406 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
407 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
408 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
414 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
415 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
416 option which is not affected.
418 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
419 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
425 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
426 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
427 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
430 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
431 some deprecated functions are removed.
433 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
434 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
435 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
437 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
438 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
443 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
446 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
448 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
452 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
453 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
455 compile-in verbose debug messages
457 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
459 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
462 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
463 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
464 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
466 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
467 they should be provided by the package.
473 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
474 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
475 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
477 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
478 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
479 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
480 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
483 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
484 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
487 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
488 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
489 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
494 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
500 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
501 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
507 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
510 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
511 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
512 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
513 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
519 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
520 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
521 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
522 udev (and the kernel).
528 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
530 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
531 udevtest are no longer created.
533 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
536 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
537 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
548 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
549 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
555 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
556 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
557 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
558 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
559 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
561 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
562 udevadm in the list of files.
572 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
573 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
574 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
575 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
576 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
577 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
578 in etc/udev/packages/.
584 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
585 actions by dynamically created rules.
587 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
588 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
589 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
591 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
592 program and not record as a failed event.
598 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
604 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
605 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
606 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
607 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
608 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
610 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
611 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
612 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
614 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
615 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
621 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
622 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
623 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
624 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
625 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
627 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
628 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
634 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
644 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
645 from the udev package.
651 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
652 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
653 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
654 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
655 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
656 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
657 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
660 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
661 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
663 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
664 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
665 the devices we are looking for.
667 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
668 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
669 the same SCSI identifiers.
671 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
672 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
673 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
674 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
675 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
676 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
677 that run programs only for the matching events.
687 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
688 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
689 included in the match.
691 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
699 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
700 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
701 storage area of their music players.
705 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
709 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
710 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
711 action that crashes the box.
713 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
714 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
715 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
716 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
717 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
719 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
720 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
725 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
731 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
732 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
734 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
735 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
736 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
739 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
740 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
741 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
742 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
743 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
745 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
746 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
752 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
753 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
754 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
755 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
756 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
758 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
759 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
760 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
761 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
762 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
765 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
766 event device. Instead of:
767 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
769 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
771 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
773 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
775 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
776 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
777 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
778 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
779 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
780 no longer carry this property of a parent and
781 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
782 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
783 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
784 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
785 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
786 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
787 in most cases it will be empty.
789 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
790 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
791 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
792 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
793 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
794 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
795 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
797 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
798 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
799 no database file was created by udev.
801 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
802 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
803 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
807 Bugfixes and small improvements.
811 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
817 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
818 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
822 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
826 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
827 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
835 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
836 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
837 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
838 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
839 fix possibly broken rules.
843 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
844 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
845 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
846 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
850 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
851 also skipped optical IDE drives.
853 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
855 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
856 packaging process and not at build time.
858 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
859 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
860 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
861 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
862 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
866 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
867 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
869 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
870 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
871 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
873 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
874 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
878 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
880 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
884 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
885 events for the same device.
889 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
891 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
896 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
897 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
898 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
899 received the event for.
901 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
906 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
908 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
909 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
910 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
911 the end of the program name to prevent this.
912 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
913 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
914 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
918 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
919 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
920 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
921 included in a package.
923 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
924 the ignore rule was applied.
926 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
927 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
928 should be requested by their subsytem.
930 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
932 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
933 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
935 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
936 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
937 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
938 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
939 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
942 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
943 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
944 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
945 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
946 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
947 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
948 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
949 for changed parent chains.
953 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
954 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
956 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
957 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
959 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
960 to make %b simpler and working again.
964 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
965 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
966 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
967 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
968 change. They will be fixed immediately.
970 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
971 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
972 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
973 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
974 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
976 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
977 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
978 the sysfs "modalias" value.
980 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
984 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
986 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
987 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
989 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
990 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
994 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
995 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
996 mentioned on the hotplug list:
997 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
1000 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1004 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1005 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1006 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1010 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1011 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1012 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1013 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1014 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1015 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1017 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1018 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1020 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1021 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1022 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1024 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1025 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1026 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1027 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1029 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1030 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1031 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1034 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1035 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1036 before starting the daemon.
1040 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1043 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1044 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1048 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1049 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1051 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1052 without any queuing now.
1056 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1057 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1058 version of udev anymore.
1062 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1063 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1064 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1065 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1066 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1068 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1069 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1070 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1071 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1073 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1076 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1080 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1082 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1083 non-writable /tmp directory.
1085 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1086 let's see who can break this again. :)
1088 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1089 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1090 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1091 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1095 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1100 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1101 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1102 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1103 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1104 export it to the filesystem.
1108 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1109 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1114 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1115 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1116 available while we try to run external programs.
1117 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1121 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1122 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1123 grab it from here. :)
1127 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1129 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1130 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1131 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1135 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1137 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1139 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1140 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1145 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1149 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1151 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1152 timing with custom rules.
1156 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1157 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1159 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1160 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1161 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1163 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1171 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1172 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1173 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1174 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1176 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1177 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1178 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1180 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1181 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1182 bypass the driver core.
1184 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1185 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1186 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1187 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1188 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1189 from a rule if needed:
1190 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1191 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1192 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1193 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1194 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1195 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1197 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1198 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1199 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1200 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1202 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1203 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1204 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1206 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1207 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1208 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1209 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1210 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1212 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1213 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1214 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1215 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1218 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1219 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1220 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1221 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1222 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1223 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1224 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1226 The following rules:
1227 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1228 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1231 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1234 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1235 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1237 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1238 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1239 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1241 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1242 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1243 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1244 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1246 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1247 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1248 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1251 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1252 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1253 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1254 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1255 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1256 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1258 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1259 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1260 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1261 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1265 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1266 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1270 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1271 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1272 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1276 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1277 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1279 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1280 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1281 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1282 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1284 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1285 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1286 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1288 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1289 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1291 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1292 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1293 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1294 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1295 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1296 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1297 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1302 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1303 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1304 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1308 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1310 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1311 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1313 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1314 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1316 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1317 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1318 character class negations like:
1319 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1320 this can now be replaced with:
1322 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1323 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1325 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1328 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1329 with every forked event.
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blob