3 Fix for ID_PART_ENTRY_* property names, added by the blkid built-in. The
4 fix is needed for udisk2 to operate properly.
6 Fix for skipped rule execution when the kernel has removed the device
7 node in /dev again, before the event was even started. The fix is needed
8 to run device-mapper/LVM events properly.
10 Fix for the man page installation, which was skipped when xsltproc was not
15 Bugfix for $name resolution, which broke at least some keymap handling.
19 Bugfix for the firmware loading behavior with kernel modules which
20 try to load firmware in the module_init() path. The blocked event
21 runs into a timout now, which should allow the firmware to be loaded.
23 Bugfix for a wrong DEVNAME= export, which breaks at least the udev-acl
26 Bugfix for missing ID_ properties for GPT partitions.
28 The RUN+="socket:.." option is deprecated and should not be used. A warning
29 during rules parsing is printed now. Services which listen to udev events,
30 need to subscribe to the netlink messages with libudev and not let udev block
31 in the rules execution until the message is delivered.
35 Bugfix for rule_generator instalation.
39 The 'devtmpfs' filesystem is required now, udev will not create or delete
40 device nodes anymore, it only adjusts permissions and ownership of device
41 nodes and maintains additional symlinks.
43 A writable /run directory (ususally tmpfs) is required now for a fully
44 functional udev, there is no longer a fallback to /dev/.udev.
46 The default 'configure' install locations have changed. Packages for systems
47 with the historic / vs. /usr split need to be adapted, otherwise udev will
48 be installed in /usr and not work properly. Example configuration options
49 to install things the traditional way are in INSTALL.
51 The default install location of the 'udevadm' tool moved from 'sbin'
52 to /usr/bin. Some tools expect udevadm in 'sbin', a symlink to udevadm
53 needs to be manually created if needed, or --bindir=/sbin be specified.
55 The expected value of '--libexecdir=' has changed and must no longer contain
58 Kernel modules are now loaded directly by linking udev to 'libkmod'. The
59 'modprobe' tool is no longer executed by udev.
61 The 'blkid' tool is no longer executed from udev rules. Udev links
62 directly to libblkid now.
64 Firmware is loaded natively by udev now, the external 'firmware' binary
67 All built-in tools can be listed and tested with 'udevadm test-builtin'.
69 The 'udevadm control --reload-rules' option has been renamed to '--reload'.
70 It now also reloads the kernel module configuration.
72 The systemd socket files use PassCredentials=yes, which is available in
75 The udev build system only creates a .xz tarball now.
77 All tabs in the source code used for indentation are replaced by spaces now. :)
87 The udev daemon moved to /lib/udev/udevd. Non-systemd init systems
88 and non-dracut initramfs image generators need to change the init
89 scripts. Alternatively the udev build needs to move udevd back to
90 /sbin or create a symlink in /sbin, which is not done by default.
92 The path_id, usb_id, input_id tools are built-in commands now and
93 the stand-alone tools do not exist anymore. Static lists of file in
94 initramfs generators need to be updated. For testing, the commands
95 can still be executed standalone with 'udevadm test-builtin <cmd>'.
97 The fusectl filesystem is no longer mounted directly from udev.
98 Systemd systems will take care of mounting fusectl and configfs
99 now. Non-systemd systems need to ship their own rule if they
100 need these filesystems auto-mounted.
102 The long deprecated keys: SYSFS=, ID=, BUS= have been removed.
104 The support for 'udevadm trigger --type=failed, and the
105 RUN{fail_event_on_error} attribute was removed.
107 The udev control socket is now created in /run/udev/control
108 and no longer as an abstract namespace one.
110 The rules to create persistent network interface and cdrom link
111 rules automatically in /etc/udev/rules.d/ have been disabled by
112 default. Explicit configuration will be required for these use
113 cases, udev will no longer try to write any persistent system
114 configuration from a device hotplug path.
120 The udev-acl extra is no longer enabled by default now. To enable it,
121 --enable-udev_acl needs to be given at ./configure time. On systemd
122 systems, the udev-acl rules prevent it from running as the functionality
123 has moved to systemd.
129 Udev now enables kernel media-presence polling if available. Part
130 of udisks optical drive tray-handling moved to cdrom_id: The tray
131 is locked as soon as a media is detected to enable the receiving
132 of media-eject-request events. Media-eject-request events will
135 Libudev enumerate is now able to enumerate a subtree of a given
138 The mobile-action-modeswitch modeswitch tool was deleted. The
139 functionality is provided by usb_modeswitch now.
145 The systemd service files require systemd version 28. The systemd
146 socket activation make it possible now to start 'udevd' and 'udevadm
147 trigger' in parallel.
151 Fix bug in control message handling, which can lead to a failing
152 udevadm control --exit. Thanks to Jürg Billeter for help tracking
159 We require at least Linux kernel 2.6.32 now. Some platforms might
160 require a later kernel that supports accept4() and similar, or
161 need to backport the trivial syscall wiring to the older kernels.
163 The hid2hci tool moved to the bluez package and was removed.
165 Many of the extras can be --enable/--disabled at ./configure
166 time. The --disable-extras option was removed. Some extras have
167 been disabled by default. The current options and their defaults
168 can be checked with './configure --help'.
174 Udev logs a warning now if /run is not writable at udevd
175 startup. It will still fall back to /dev/.udev, but this is
176 now considered a bug.
178 The running udev daemon can now cleanly shut down with:
179 udevadm control --exit
181 Udev in initramfs should clean the state of the udev database
182 with: udevadm info --cleanup-db which will remove all state left
183 behind from events/rules in initramfs. If initramfs uses
184 --cleanup-db and device-mapper/LVM, the rules in initramfs need
185 to add OPTIONS+="db_persist" for all dm devices. This will
186 prevent removal of the udev database for these devices.
188 Spawned programs by PROGRAM/IMPORT/RUN now have a hard timeout of
189 120 seconds per process. If that timeout is reached the spawned
190 process will be killed. The event timeout can be overwritten with
193 If systemd is used, udev gets now activated by netlink data.
194 Systemd will bind the netlink socket which will buffer all data.
195 If needed, such setup allows a seemless update of the udev daemon,
196 where no event can be lost during a udevd update/restart.
197 Packages need to make sure to: systemctl stop udev.socket udev.service
198 or 'mask' udev.service during the upgrade to prevent any unwanted
199 auto-spawning of udevd.
200 This version of udev conflicts with systemd version below 25. The
201 unchanged service files will not wirk correctly.
207 The udev runtime data moved from /dev/.udev/ to /run/udev/. The
208 /run mountpoint is supposed to be a tmpfs mounted during early boot,
209 available and writable to for all tools at any time during bootup,
210 it replaces /var/run/, which should become a symlink some day.
212 If /run does not exist, or is not writable, udev will fall back using
215 On systemd systems with initramfs and LVM used, packagers must
216 make sure, that the systemd and initramfs versions match. The initramfs
217 needs to create the /run mountpoint for udev to store the data, and
218 mount this tmpfs to /run in the rootfs, so the that the udev database
219 is preserved for the udev version started in the rootfs.
221 The command 'udevadm info --convert-db' is gone. The udev daemon
222 itself, at startup, converts any old database version if necessary.
224 The systemd services files have been reorganized. The udev control
225 socket is bound by systemd and passed to the started udev daemon.
226 The udev-settle.service is no longer active by default. Services which
227 can not handle hotplug setups properly need to actively pull it in, to
228 act like a barrier. Alternatively the settle service can be unconditionally
229 'systemctl'enabled, and act like a barrier for basic.target.
231 The fstab_import callout is no longer built or installed. Udev
232 should not be used to mount, does not watch changes to fstab, and
233 should not mirror fstab values in the udev database.
239 New and updated keymaps.
245 The udev database has changed, After installation of a new udev
246 version, 'udevadm info --convert-db' should be called, to let the new
247 udev/libudev version read the already stored data.
249 udevadm now supports quoting of property values, and prefixing of
251 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix=MY_ --query=property -n sda
254 MY_DEVNAME='/dev/sda'
258 libudev now supports:
259 udev_device_get_is_initialized()
260 udev_enumerate_add_match_is_initialized()
261 to be able to skip devices the kernel has created , but udev has
264 libudev now supports:
265 udev_device_get_usec_since_initialized()
266 to retrieve the "age" of a udev device record.
268 GUdev supports a more generic GUdevEnumerator class, udev TAG
269 handling, device initialization and timestamp now.
271 The counterpart of /sys/dev/{char,block}/$major:$minor,
272 /dev/{char,block}/$major:$minor symlinks are now unconditionally
273 created, even when no rule files exist.
275 New and updated keymaps.
281 GUdev moved from /usr to /.
291 Persistent network naming rules are disabled inside of Qemu/KVM now.
293 New and updated keymaps.
295 Udev gets unconditionally enabled on systemd installations now. There
296 is no longer the need to to run 'systemctl enable udev.service'.
310 New and fixed keymaps.
312 Install systemd service files if applicable.
318 All distribution specific rules are removed from the udev source tree,
319 most of them are no longer needed. The Gentoo rules which allow to support
320 older kernel versions, which are not covered by the default rules anymore
321 has moved to rules/misc/30-kernel-compat.rules.
327 The option --debug-trace and the environemnt variable UDEVD_MAX_CHILDS=
328 was removed from udevd.
330 Udevd now checks the kernel commandline for the following variables:
331 udev.log-priority=<syslog priority>
332 udev.children-max=<maximum number of workers>
333 udev.exec-delay=<seconds to delay the execution of RUN=>
334 to help debuging coldplug setups where the loading of a kernel
335 module crashes the system.
337 The subdirectory in the source tree rules/packages has been renamed to
338 rules/arch, anc contains only architecture specific rules now.
348 Now the udev daemon itself, does on startup:
349 - copy the content of /lib/udev/devices to /dev
350 - create the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err},
351 /dev/core, /dev/fd, ...
352 - use static node information provided by kernel modules
353 and creates these nodes to allow module on-demand loading
354 - possibly apply permissions to all ststic nodes from udev
355 rules which are annotated to match a static node
357 The default mode for a device node is 0600 now to match the kernel
358 created devtmpfs defaults. If GROUP= is specified and no MODE= is
359 given the default will be 0660.
365 Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
366 and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
367 permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
368 As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
369 other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
370 Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
371 still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
372 only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
373 provides for all devices.
377 Fix broken firmware loader search path.
383 "udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
384 events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
385 the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
386 events are expected as "add" events.
388 The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
389 needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
390 about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
391 longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
393 The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
394 udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
395 should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
396 udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
397 the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
399 All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
400 in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
401 and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
403 The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
404 program should be used instead.
406 New and fixed keymaps.
416 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
417 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
418 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
423 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
429 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
430 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
431 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
432 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
434 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
435 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
438 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
439 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
440 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
442 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
443 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
444 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
445 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
446 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
447 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
453 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
454 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
455 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
456 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
457 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
460 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
461 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
462 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
464 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
465 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
468 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
469 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
470 be added to the compat rules file.
472 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
473 the udevadm commands.
475 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
478 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
479 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
480 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
482 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
483 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
484 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
485 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
491 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
492 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
494 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
495 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
496 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
498 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
502 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
503 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
509 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
510 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
511 exported with the event.
513 Firmware files are looked up in:
514 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
515 /lib/firmware/updates
516 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
520 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
521 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
527 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
528 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
529 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
532 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
533 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
534 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
535 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
536 future events, all others get cleaned up.
538 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
539 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
541 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
542 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
543 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
545 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
546 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
548 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
549 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
551 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
553 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
554 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
555 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
561 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
562 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
563 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
564 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
565 can not be used with udev.
567 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
568 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
569 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
570 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
571 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
572 users over to directly use libudev.
573 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
574 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
575 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
578 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
579 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
580 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
581 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
582 format will fail to work correctly.
584 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
585 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
592 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
593 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
594 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
595 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
602 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
603 instead of waiting for "all" events.
609 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
610 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
611 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
612 event handling the watch is restored.
618 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
619 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
620 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
626 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
627 are always updated with a test run now.
629 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
630 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
631 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
637 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
638 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
639 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
640 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
642 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
643 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
644 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
646 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
647 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
648 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
649 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
651 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
652 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
653 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
654 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
655 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
656 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
657 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
658 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
659 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
661 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
662 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
663 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
664 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
665 name in the by-id/ directory.
666 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
667 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
668 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
669 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
671 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
672 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
673 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
674 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
675 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
681 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
688 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
692 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
693 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
694 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
695 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
696 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
698 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
699 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
700 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
702 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
703 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
704 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
705 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
708 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
709 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
710 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
711 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
712 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
713 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
715 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
716 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
717 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
718 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
719 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
720 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
721 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
722 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
723 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
724 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
725 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
726 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
731 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
732 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
736 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
738 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
739 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
740 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
741 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
742 other keys per rule are gone.
744 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
745 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
746 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
747 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
749 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
750 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
751 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
753 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
754 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
760 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
761 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
762 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
763 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
764 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
765 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
769 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
770 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
773 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
774 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
775 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
777 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
780 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
781 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
782 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
788 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
789 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
790 option which is not affected.
792 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
793 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
799 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
800 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
801 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
804 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
805 some deprecated functions are removed.
807 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
808 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
809 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
811 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
812 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
817 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
820 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
822 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
826 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
827 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
829 compile-in verbose debug messages
831 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
833 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
836 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
837 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
838 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
840 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
841 they should be provided by the package.
847 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
848 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
849 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
851 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
852 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
853 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
854 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
857 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
858 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
861 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
862 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
863 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
868 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
874 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
875 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
881 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
884 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
885 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
886 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
887 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
893 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
894 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
895 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
896 udev (and the kernel).
902 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
904 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
905 udevtest are no longer created.
907 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
910 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
911 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
922 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
923 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
929 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
930 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
931 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
932 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
933 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
935 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
936 udevadm in the list of files.
946 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
947 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
948 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
949 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
950 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
951 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
952 in etc/udev/packages/.
958 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
959 actions by dynamically created rules.
961 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
962 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
963 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
965 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
966 program and not record as a failed event.
972 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
978 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
979 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
980 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
981 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
982 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
984 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
985 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
986 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
988 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
989 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
995 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
996 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
997 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
998 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
999 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
1001 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
1002 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
1008 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
1018 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
1019 from the udev package.
1025 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
1026 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
1027 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
1028 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
1029 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
1030 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
1031 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
1034 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
1035 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
1037 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
1038 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
1039 the devices we are looking for.
1041 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
1042 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
1043 the same SCSI identifiers.
1045 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
1046 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
1047 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
1048 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
1049 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
1050 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
1051 that run programs only for the matching events.
1061 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
1062 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
1063 included in the match.
1065 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
1073 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
1074 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
1075 storage area of their music players.
1079 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
1083 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
1084 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
1085 action that crashes the box.
1087 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
1088 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
1089 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
1090 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
1091 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
1093 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
1094 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
1099 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
1105 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
1106 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
1108 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
1109 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
1110 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
1113 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
1114 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
1115 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
1116 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
1117 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
1119 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
1120 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
1126 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
1127 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
1128 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
1129 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
1130 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
1132 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
1133 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
1134 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
1135 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
1136 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
1139 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
1140 event device. Instead of:
1141 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
1143 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
1145 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
1147 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
1149 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
1150 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
1151 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
1152 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
1153 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
1154 no longer carry this property of a parent and
1155 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
1156 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
1157 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
1158 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
1159 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
1160 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
1161 in most cases it will be empty.
1163 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
1164 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
1165 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
1166 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
1167 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
1168 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
1169 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
1171 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
1172 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
1173 no database file was created by udev.
1175 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
1176 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
1177 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
1181 Bugfixes and small improvements.
1185 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
1191 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
1192 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
1196 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
1200 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
1201 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
1209 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
1210 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
1211 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
1212 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
1213 fix possibly broken rules.
1217 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
1218 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
1219 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
1220 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
1224 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
1225 also skipped optical IDE drives.
1227 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
1229 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
1230 packaging process and not at build time.
1232 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
1233 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
1234 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
1235 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
1236 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
1240 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
1241 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
1243 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
1244 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
1245 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
1247 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
1248 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
1252 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
1254 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
1258 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
1259 events for the same device.
1263 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
1265 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
1270 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
1271 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
1272 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
1273 received the event for.
1275 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
1280 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
1282 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
1283 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
1284 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
1285 the end of the program name to prevent this.
1286 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
1287 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
1288 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
1292 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
1293 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
1294 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
1295 included in a package.
1297 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
1298 the ignore rule was applied.
1300 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
1301 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
1302 should be requested by their subsytem.
1304 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
1306 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
1307 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
1309 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
1310 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
1311 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
1312 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
1313 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
1316 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
1317 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
1318 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
1319 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
1320 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
1321 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
1322 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
1323 for changed parent chains.
1327 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
1328 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
1330 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
1331 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
1333 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
1334 to make %b simpler and working again.
1338 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
1339 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
1340 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
1341 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
1342 change. They will be fixed immediately.
1344 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
1345 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
1346 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
1347 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
1348 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
1350 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
1351 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
1352 the sysfs "modalias" value.
1354 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
1358 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
1360 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
1361 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
1363 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
1364 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
1368 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
1369 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
1370 mentioned on the hotplug list:
1371 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
1374 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
1378 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
1379 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
1380 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
1384 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
1385 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
1386 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
1387 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
1388 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
1389 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
1391 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
1392 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
1394 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
1395 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
1396 still private to udev and can change at any time.
1398 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
1399 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
1400 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
1401 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
1403 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
1404 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
1405 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1408 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1409 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1410 before starting the daemon.
1414 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1417 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1418 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1422 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1423 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1425 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1426 without any queuing now.
1430 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1431 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1432 version of udev anymore.
1436 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1437 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1438 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1439 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1440 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1442 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1443 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1444 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1445 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1447 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1450 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1454 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1456 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1457 non-writable /tmp directory.
1459 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1460 let's see who can break this again. :)
1462 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1463 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1464 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1465 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1469 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1474 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1475 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1476 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1477 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1478 export it to the filesystem.
1482 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1483 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1488 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1489 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1490 available while we try to run external programs.
1491 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1495 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1496 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1497 grab it from here. :)
1501 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1503 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1504 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1505 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1509 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1511 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1513 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1514 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1519 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1523 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1525 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1526 timing with custom rules.
1530 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1531 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1533 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1534 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1535 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1537 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1545 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1546 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1547 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1548 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1550 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1551 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1552 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1554 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1555 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1556 bypass the driver core.
1558 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1559 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1560 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1561 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1562 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1563 from a rule if needed:
1564 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1565 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1566 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1567 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1568 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1569 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1571 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1572 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1573 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1574 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1576 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1577 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1578 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1580 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1581 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1582 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1583 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1584 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1586 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1587 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1588 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1589 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1592 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1593 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1594 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1595 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1596 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1597 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1598 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1600 The following rules:
1601 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1602 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1605 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1608 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1609 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1611 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1612 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1613 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1615 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1616 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1617 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1618 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1620 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1621 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1622 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1625 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1626 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1627 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1628 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1629 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1630 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1632 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1633 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1634 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1635 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1639 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1640 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1644 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1645 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1646 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1650 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1651 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1653 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1654 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1655 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1656 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1658 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1659 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1660 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1662 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1663 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1665 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1666 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1667 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1668 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1669 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1670 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1671 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1676 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1677 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1678 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1682 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1684 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1685 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1687 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1688 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1690 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1691 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1692 character class negations like:
1693 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1694 this can now be replaced with:
1696 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1697 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1699 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1702 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1703 with every forked event.
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blob