1 <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
6 This file is part of systemd.
8 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
10 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
11 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13 (at your option) any later version.
15 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
16 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
18 General Public License for more details.
20 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24 <refentry id="systemctl">
27 <title>systemctl</title>
28 <productname>systemd</productname>
32 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
33 <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
34 <surname>Poettering</surname>
35 <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
41 <refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle>
42 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
46 <refname>systemctl</refname>
47 <refpurpose>Control the systemd system and service manager</refpurpose>
52 <command>systemctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">NAME</arg></command>
57 <title>Description</title>
59 <para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to
60 introspect and control the state of the
61 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
62 system and service manager.</para>
66 <title>Options</title>
68 <para>The following options are understood:</para>
72 <term><option>--help</option></term>
73 <term><option>-h</option></term>
75 <listitem><para>Prints a short help
76 text and exits.</para></listitem>
80 <term><option>--version</option></term>
82 <listitem><para>Prints a short version
83 string and exits.</para></listitem>
87 <term><option>--type=</option></term>
88 <term><option>-t</option></term>
90 <listitem><para>When listing units,
91 limit display to certain unit
92 types. If not specified units of all
93 types will be shown. The argument
94 should be a unit type name such as
95 <option>service</option>,
96 <option>socket</option> and
97 similar.</para></listitem>
101 <term><option>--property=</option></term>
102 <term><option>-p</option></term>
104 <listitem><para>When showing
105 unit/job/manager properties, limit
106 display to certain properties as
107 specified as argument. If not
108 specified all set properties are
109 shown. The argument should be a
110 property name, such as
111 <literal>MainPID</literal>. If
112 specified more than once all
113 properties with the specified names
114 are shown.</para></listitem>
118 <term><option>--all</option></term>
119 <term><option>-a</option></term>
121 <listitem><para>When listing units,
122 show all units, regardless of their
123 state, including inactive units. When
124 showing unit/job/manager properties,
125 show all properties regardless whether
126 they are set or not.</para></listitem>
130 <term><option>--failed</option></term>
132 <listitem><para>When listing units,
133 show only failed units. Do not confuse
135 <option>--fail</option>.</para></listitem>
139 <term><option>--full</option></term>
141 <listitem><para>Do not ellipsize unit
142 names and truncate unit descriptions
144 <command>list-units</command> and
145 <command>list-jobs</command>.</para></listitem>
149 <term><option>--fail</option></term>
151 <listitem><para>If the requested
152 operation conflicts with a pending
153 unfinished job, fail the command. If
154 this is not specified the requested
155 operation will replace the pending job,
156 if necessary. Do not confuse
158 <option>--failed</option>.</para></listitem>
162 <term><option>--ignore-dependencies</option></term>
164 <listitem><para>When enqueuing a new
165 job ignore all its dependencies and
166 execute it immediately. If passed no
167 required units of the unit passed will
168 be pulled in, and no ordering
169 dependencies will be honoured. This is
170 mostly a debugging and rescue tool for
171 the administrator and should not be
173 applications.</para></listitem>
177 <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
178 <term><option>-q</option></term>
180 <listitem><para>Suppress output to
182 <command>snapshot</command>,
183 <command>is-active</command>,
184 <command>enable</command> and
185 <command>disable</command>.</para></listitem>
189 <term><option>--no-block</option></term>
191 <listitem><para>Do not synchronously wait for
192 the requested operation to finish. If this is
193 not specified the job will be verified,
194 enqueued and <command>systemctl</command> will
195 wait until it is completed. By passing this
196 argument it is only verified and
197 enqueued.</para></listitem>
201 <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
203 <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
204 pager.</para></listitem>
208 <term><option>--system</option></term>
210 <listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
211 system manager. (Default)</para></listitem>
215 <term><option>--user</option></term>
217 <listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
218 manager of the calling user.</para></listitem>
222 <term><option>--order</option></term>
223 <term><option>--require</option></term>
225 <listitem><para>When used in
227 <command>dot</command> command (see
228 below), selects which dependencies are
229 shown in the dependency graph. If
230 <option>--order</option> is passed
231 only dependencies of type
232 <varname>After=</varname> or
233 <varname>Before=</varname> are
234 shown. If <option>--require</option>
235 is passed only dependencies of type
236 <varname>Requires=</varname>,
237 <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>,
238 <varname>Requisite=</varname>,
239 <varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname>,
240 <varname>Wants=</varname> and
241 <varname>Conflicts=</varname> are
242 shown. If neither is passed, shows
243 dependencies of all these
244 types.</para></listitem>
248 <term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
250 <listitem><para>Don't send wall
252 halt, power-off, reboot.</para></listitem>
256 <term><option>--global</option></term>
258 <listitem><para>When used with
259 <command>enable</command> and
260 <command>disable</command>, operate on the
261 global user configuration
262 directory, thus enabling or disabling
263 a unit file globally for all future
264 logins of all users.</para></listitem>
268 <term><option>--no-reload</option></term>
270 <listitem><para>When used with
271 <command>enable</command> and
272 <command>disable</command>, do not
273 implicitly reload daemon configuration
275 changes.</para></listitem>
279 <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
281 <listitem><para>When used with
282 <command>start</command> and related
283 commands, disables asking for
284 passwords. Background services may
285 require input of a password or
286 passphrase string, for example to
287 unlock system hard disks or
288 cryptographic certificates. Unless
289 this option is specified and the
290 command is invoked from a terminal
291 <command>systemctl</command> will
292 query the user on the terminal for the
293 necessary secrets. Use this option to
294 switch this behavior off. In this
295 case the password must be supplied by
296 some other means (for example
297 graphical password agents) or the
298 service might fail.</para></listitem>
302 <term><option>--kill-who=</option></term>
304 <listitem><para>When used with
305 <command>kill</command>, choose which
306 processes to kill. Must be one of
307 <option>main</option>,
308 <option>control</option> or
309 <option>all</option> to select whether
310 to kill only the main process of the
311 unit, the control process or all
312 processes of the unit. If omitted
314 <option>all</option>.</para></listitem>
318 <term><option>--signal=</option></term>
319 <term><option>-s</option></term>
321 <listitem><para>When used with
322 <command>kill</command>, choose which
323 signal to send to selected
324 processes. Must be one of the well
325 known signal specifiers such as
326 SIGTERM, SIGINT or SIGSTOP. If
328 <option>SIGTERM</option>.</para></listitem>
332 <term><option>--force</option></term>
333 <term><option>-f</option></term>
335 <listitem><para>When used with
336 <command>enable</command>, override any
338 symlinks.</para></listitem>
340 <listitem><para>When used with
341 <command>halt</command>,
342 <command>poweroff</command>,
343 <command>reboot</command> or
344 <command>kexec</command> execute
345 selected operation without shutting
346 down all units. However, all processes
347 will be killed forcibly and all file
348 systems are unmounted or remounted
349 read-only. This is hence a drastic but
350 relatively safe option to request an
351 immediate reboot.</para></listitem>
355 <term><option>--defaults</option></term>
357 <listitem><para>When used with
358 <command>disable</command>, ensures
359 that only the symlinks created by
360 <command>enable</command> are removed,
361 not all symlinks pointing to the unit
363 disabled.</para></listitem>
367 <term><option>--root=</option></term>
369 <listitem><para>When used with
370 <command>enable</command>/
371 <command>disable</command>/
372 <command>is-enabled</command>,
373 use alternative root path for systemd
374 install.</para></listitem>
378 <term><option>-H</option></term>
379 <term><option>--host</option></term>
381 <listitem><para>Execute operation
382 remotely. Specify a hostname, or
383 username and hostname separated by @,
384 to connect to. This will use SSH to
385 talk to the remote systemd
386 instance.</para></listitem>
390 <term><option>-P</option></term>
391 <term><option>--privileged</option></term>
393 <listitem><para>Acquire privileges via
394 PolicyKit before executing the
395 operation.</para></listitem>
399 <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
403 <term><command>list-units</command></term>
405 <listitem><para>List known units.</para></listitem>
408 <term><command>start [NAME...]</command></term>
410 <listitem><para>Start (activate) one
411 or more units specified on the command
412 line.</para></listitem>
415 <term><command>stop [NAME...]</command></term>
417 <listitem><para>Stop (deactivate) one
418 or more units specified on the command
419 line.</para></listitem>
422 <term><command>reload [NAME...]</command></term>
424 <listitem><para>Asks all units listed
425 on the command line to reload their
426 configuration. Note that this will
427 reload the service-specific
428 configuration, not the unit
429 configuration file of systemd. If you
430 want systemd to reload the
431 configuration file of a unit use the
432 <command>daemon-reload</command>
433 command. In other words: for the
434 example case of Apache, this will
436 <filename>httpd.conf</filename> in the
438 <filename>apache.service</filename>
439 systemd unit file. </para>
441 <para>This command should not be
443 <command>daemon-reload</command> or
444 <command>load</command>
445 commands.</para></listitem>
449 <term><command>restart [NAME...]</command></term>
451 <listitem><para>Restart one or more
452 units specified on the command
453 line. If the units are not running yet
455 started.</para></listitem>
458 <term><command>try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
460 <listitem><para>Restart one or more
461 units specified on the command
462 line if the units are running. Do
463 nothing if units are not running.
464 Note that for compatibility
465 with Red Hat init scripts
466 <command>condrestart</command> is
467 equivalent to this command.</para></listitem>
470 <term><command>reload-or-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
472 <listitem><para>Reload one or more
473 units if they support it. If not,
474 restart them instead. If the units
475 are not running yet they will be
476 started.</para></listitem>
479 <term><command>reload-or-try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
481 <listitem><para>Reload one or more
482 units if they support it. If not,
483 restart them instead. Do nothing if
484 the units are not running. Note that
485 for compatibility with SysV init
487 <command>force-reload</command> is
489 command.</para></listitem>
492 <term><command>isolate [NAME]</command></term>
494 <listitem><para>Start the unit
495 specified on the command line and its
496 dependencies and stop all others.</para>
498 <para>This is similar to changing the
499 runlevel in a traditional init system. The
500 <command>isolate</command> command will
501 immediately stop processes that are not
502 enabled in the new unit, possibly including
503 the graphical environment or terminal you
504 are currently using.</para>
506 <para>Note that this works only on units
507 where <option>AllowIsolate=</option> is
509 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
510 for details.</para></listitem>
513 <term><command>kill [NAME...]</command></term>
515 <listitem><para>Send a signal to one
516 or more processes of the unit. Use
517 <option>--kill-who=</option> to select
518 which process to kill. Use
519 <option>--kill-mode=</option> to
520 select the kill mode and
521 <option>--signal=</option> to select
522 the signal to send.</para></listitem>
525 <term><command>is-active [NAME...]</command></term>
527 <listitem><para>Check whether any of
528 the specified units are active
529 (i.e. running). Returns an exit code
530 0 if at least one is active, non-zero
532 <option>--quiet</option> is specified
533 this will also print the current unit
534 state to STDOUT.</para></listitem>
537 <term><command>status [NAME...|PID...]</command></term>
539 <listitem><para>Show terse runtime
540 status information about one or more
541 units. This function is intended to
542 generate human-readable output. If you
543 are looking for computer-parsable
544 output, use <command>show</command>
545 instead. If a PID is passed
546 information about the unit the process
547 of the PID belongs to is
548 shown.</para></listitem>
551 <term><command>show [NAME...|JOB...]</command></term>
553 <listitem><para>Show properties of one
554 or more units, jobs or the manager
555 itself. If no argument is specified
556 properties of the manager will be
557 shown. If a unit name is specified
558 properties of the unit is shown, and
559 if a job id is specified properties of
560 the job is shown. By default, empty
561 properties are suppressed. Use
562 <option>--all</option> to show those
563 too. To select specific properties to
565 <option>--property=</option>. This
566 command is intended to be used
567 whenever computer-parsable output is
569 <command>status</command> if you are
570 looking for formatted human-readable
571 output.</para></listitem>
575 <term><command>reset-failed [NAME...]</command></term>
577 <listitem><para>Reset the
578 '<literal>failed</literal>' state of the
579 specified units, or if no unit name is
580 passed of all units. When a unit fails
581 in some way (i.e. process exiting with
582 non-zero error code, terminating
583 abnormally or timing out) it will
584 automatically enter the
585 '<literal>failed</literal>' state and
586 its exit code and status is recorded
587 for introspection by the administrator
588 until the service is restarted or
590 command.</para></listitem>
594 <term><command>enable [NAME...]</command></term>
596 <listitem><para>Enable one or more
597 unit files, as specified on the
598 command line. This will create a
599 number of symlinks as encoded in the
600 <literal>[Install]</literal> sections
601 of the unit files. After the symlinks
602 have been created the systemd
603 configuration is reloaded (in a way
604 that is equivalent to
605 <command>daemon-reload</command>) to
606 ensure the changes are taken into
607 account immediately. Note that this
608 does not have the effect that any of
609 the units enabled are also started at
610 the same time. If this is desired a
611 separate <command>start</command>
612 command must be invoked for the
615 <para>This command will
616 print the actions executed. This
617 output may be suppressed by passing
618 <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
620 <para>Note that this operation creates
621 only the suggested symlinks for the
622 units. While this command is the
623 recommended way to manipulate the unit
624 configuration directory, the
625 administrator is free to make
626 additional changes manually, by
627 placing or removing symlinks in the
628 directory. This is particularly useful
629 to create configurations that deviate
630 from the suggested default
631 installation. In this case the
632 administrator must make sure to invoke
633 <command>daemon-reload</command>
634 manually as necessary, to ensure his
635 changes are taken into account.</para>
637 <para>Enabling units should not be
638 confused with starting (activating)
639 units, as done by the
640 <command>start</command>
641 command. Enabling and starting units
642 is orthogonal: units may be enabled
643 without being started and started
644 without being enabled. Enabling simply
645 hooks the unit into various suggested
646 places (for example, so that the unit
647 is automatically started on boot or
648 when a particular kind of hardware is
649 plugged in). Starting actually spawns
650 the daemon process (in case of service
651 units), or binds the socket (in case
652 of socket units), and so
655 <para>Depending on whether
656 <option>--system</option>,
657 <option>--user</option> or
658 <option>--global</option> is specified
659 this enables the unit for the system,
660 for the calling user only
661 or for all future logins of all
662 users. Note that in the latter case no
663 systemd daemon configuration is
669 <term><command>disable [NAME...]</command></term>
671 <listitem><para>Disables one or more
672 units. This removes all symlinks to
673 the specified unit files from the unit
674 configuration directory, and hence
675 undoes the changes made by
676 <command>enable</command>. Note
677 however that this by default removes
678 all symlinks to the unit files
679 (i.e. including manual additions), not
680 just those actually created by
681 <command>enable</command>. If only the
682 symlinks that are suggested by default
683 shall be removed, pass
684 <option>--defaults</option>. This
685 implicitly reloads the systemd daemon
686 configuration after completing the
687 disabling of the units. Note that this
688 command does not implicitly stop the
689 units that is being disabled. If this
690 is desired an additional
691 <command>stop</command>command should
692 be executed afterwards.</para>
694 <para>This command will print the
695 actions executed. This output may be
696 suppressed by passing
697 <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
700 <para>This command honors
701 <option>--system</option>,
702 <option>--user</option>,
703 <option>--global</option> in a similar
705 <command>enable</command>.</para>
709 <term><command>is-enabled [NAME...]</command></term>
711 <listitem><para>Checks whether any of
712 the specified unit files is enabled
714 <command>enable</command>). Returns an
715 exit code of 0 if at least one is
717 otherwise.</para></listitem>
721 <term><command>load [NAME...]</command></term>
723 <listitem><para>Load one or more units
724 specified on the command line. This
725 will simply load their configuration
726 from disk, but not start them. To
727 start them you need to use the
728 <command>start</command> command which
729 will implicitly load a unit that has
730 not been loaded yet. Note that systemd
731 garbage collects loaded units that are
732 not active or referenced by an active
733 unit. This means that units loaded
734 this way will usually not stay loaded
735 for long. Also note that this command
736 cannot be used to reload unit
737 configuration. Use the
738 <command>daemon-reload</command>
739 command for that. All in all, this
740 command is of little use except for
742 <para>This command should not be
744 <command>daemon-reload</command> or
745 <command>reload</command>
746 commands.</para></listitem>
749 <term><command>list-jobs</command></term>
751 <listitem><para>List jobs that are in progress.</para></listitem>
754 <term><command>cancel [JOB...]</command></term>
756 <listitem><para>Cancel one or more
757 jobs specified on the command line by
759 IDs. If no job id is specified, cancel all pending jobs.</para></listitem>
762 <term><command>monitor</command></term>
764 <listitem><para>Monitor unit/job
765 changes. This is mostly useful for
766 debugging purposes and prints a line
767 each time systemd loads or unloads a
768 unit configuration file, or a unit
769 property changes.</para></listitem>
772 <term><command>dump</command></term>
774 <listitem><para>Dump server
775 status. This will output a (usually
776 very long) human readable manager
777 status dump. Its format is subject to
778 change without notice and should not
780 applications.</para></listitem>
783 <term><command>dot</command></term>
785 <listitem><para>Generate textual
786 dependency graph description in dot
787 format for further processing with the
789 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
790 tool. Use a command line like
791 <command>systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg >
792 systemd.svg</command> to generate a
793 graphical dependency tree. Unless
794 <option>--order</option> or
795 <option>--require</option> is passed
796 the generated graph will show both
797 ordering and requirement
798 dependencies.</para></listitem>
801 <term><command>snapshot [NAME]</command></term>
803 <listitem><para>Create a snapshot. If
804 a snapshot name is specified, the new
805 snapshot will be named after it. If
806 none is specified an automatic
807 snapshot name is generated. In either
808 case, the snapshot name used is
809 printed to STDOUT, unless
810 <option>--quiet</option> is
813 <para>A snapshot refers to a saved
814 state of the systemd manager. It is
815 implemented itself as a unit that is
816 generated dynamically with this
817 command and has dependencies on all
818 units active at the time. At a later
819 time the user may return to this state
821 <command>isolate</command> command on
822 the snapshot unit.</para></listitem>
824 <para>Snapshots are only useful for
825 saving and restoring which units are
826 running or are stopped, they do not
827 save/restore any other
828 state. Snapshots are dynamic and lost
832 <term><command>delete [NAME...]</command></term>
834 <listitem><para>Remove a snapshot
835 previously created with
836 <command>snapshot</command>.</para></listitem>
839 <term><command>daemon-reload</command></term>
841 <listitem><para>Reload systemd manager
842 configuration. This will reload all
843 unit files and recreate the entire
844 dependency tree. While the daemon is
845 reloaded, all sockets systemd listens
846 on on behalf of user configuration will
847 stay accessible.</para> <para>This
848 command should not be confused with
849 the <command>load</command> or
850 <command>reload</command>
851 commands.</para></listitem>
854 <term><command>daemon-reexec</command></term>
856 <listitem><para>Reexecute the systemd
857 manager. This will serialize the
858 manager state, reexecute the process
859 and deserialize the state again. This
860 command is of little use except for
861 debugging and package
862 upgrades. Sometimes it might be
863 helpful as a heavy-weight
864 <command>daemon-reload</command>. While
865 the daemon is reexecuted all sockets
866 systemd listens on on behalf of user
867 configuration will stay
868 accessible.</para></listitem>
871 <term><command>show-environment</command></term>
873 <listitem><para>Dump the systemd
874 manager environment block. The
875 environment block will be dumped in
876 straight-forward form suitable for
877 sourcing into a shell script. This
878 environment block will be passed to
879 all processes the manager
880 spawns.</para></listitem>
883 <term><command>set-environment [NAME=VALUE...]</command></term>
885 <listitem><para>Set one or more
886 systemd manager environment variables,
887 as specified on the command
888 line.</para></listitem>
891 <term><command>unset-environment [NAME...]</command></term>
893 <listitem><para>Unset one or more
894 systemd manager environment
895 variables. If only a variable name is
896 specified it will be removed
897 regardless of its value. If a variable
898 and a value are specified the variable
899 is only removed if it has the
900 specified value.</para></listitem>
903 <term><command>default</command></term>
905 <listitem><para>Enter default
906 mode. This is mostly equivalent to
908 default.target</command>.</para></listitem>
911 <term><command>rescue</command></term>
913 <listitem><para>Enter rescue
914 mode. This is mostly equivalent to
916 rescue.target</command> but also
917 prints a wall message to all
918 users.</para></listitem>
921 <term><command>emergency</command></term>
923 <listitem><para>Enter emergency
924 mode. This is mostly equivalent to
926 emergency.target</command> but also
927 prints a wall message to all
928 users.</para></listitem>
931 <term><command>halt</command></term>
933 <listitem><para>Shut down and halt the
934 system. This is mostly equivalent to
935 <command>start halt.target</command>
936 but also prints a wall message to all
938 combined with <option>--force</option>
939 shutdown of all running services is
940 skipped, however all processes are killed
941 and all file systems are unmounted or
942 mounted read-only, immediately
944 system halt.</para></listitem>
947 <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
949 <listitem><para>Shut down and
950 power-off the system. This is mostly
951 equivalent to <command>start
952 poweroff.target</command> but also
953 prints a wall message to all
955 combined with <option>--force</option>
956 shutdown of all running services is
957 skipped, however all processes are killed
958 and all file systems are unmounted or
959 mounted read-only, immediately
961 powering off.</para></listitem>
964 <term><command>reboot</command></term>
966 <listitem><para>Shut down and
967 reboot the system. This is mostly
968 equivalent to <command>start
969 reboot.target</command> but also
970 prints a wall message to all
972 combined with <option>--force</option>
973 shutdown of all running services is
974 skipped, however all processes are killed
975 and all file systems are unmounted or
976 mounted read-only, immediately
978 reboot.</para></listitem>
981 <term><command>kexec</command></term>
983 <listitem><para>Shut down and reboot
984 the system via kexec. This is mostly
985 equivalent to <command>start
986 kexec.target</command> but also prints
987 a wall message to all users. If
988 combined with <option>--force</option>
989 shutdown of all running services is
990 skipped, however all processes are killed
991 and all file systems are unmounted or
992 mounted read-only, immediately
994 reboot.</para></listitem>
997 <term><command>exit</command></term>
999 <listitem><para>Ask the systemd
1000 manager to quit. This is only
1001 supported for user service managers
1002 (i.e. in conjunction with the
1003 <option>--user</option> option) and
1004 will fail otherwise.</para></listitem>
1011 <title>Exit status</title>
1013 <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
1014 code otherwise.</para>
1018 <title>Environment</title>
1022 <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
1023 <listitem><para>Pager to use when
1024 <option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
1025 overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
1026 this to an empty string or the value
1027 <literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
1028 <option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
1034 <title>See Also</title>
1036 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1037 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1038 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1039 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1040 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1041 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>