1 SAVE COPIES OF YOUR OUTGOING MAIL! Like any other piece of software (and
2 information generally), the qmail system comes with NO WARRANTY. It's
3 much more secure and reliable than sendmail, but that's not saying much.
6 Things you have to decide before starting:
8 * The qmail home directory, normally /var/qmail. To change this
9 directory, edit conf-qmail now.
11 * The names of the qmail users and the qmail groups. To change these
12 names, edit conf-users and conf-groups now.
15 Installation steps that won't interfere with sendmail:
17 1. Create the qmail home directory:
19 2. Read INSTALL.ids. You must set up the qmail group and the qmail
20 users before compiling the programs.
21 3. Compile the programs:
23 4. Create the formatted man pages, *.0:
25 5. Create the qmail directory tree:
27 6. Run instcheck to make sure it doesn't print any warnings:
29 7. Read INSTALL.ctl and FAQ. Minimal survival command:
31 8. Read INSTALL.alias. Minimal survival command:
32 # (cd ~alias; touch .qmail-postmaster .qmail-mailer-daemon .qmail-root)
33 # chmod 644 ~alias/.qmail*
35 10. Read qmail-upgrade.0. This is what your users will need to know
36 about the switch from sendmail to qmail.
41 11. Enable deliveries of messages injected into qmail:
42 # env - PATH="/var/qmail/bin:$PATH" \
43 qmail-start ./Mailbox splogger qmail &
44 Make sure to include the ./ in ./Mailbox.
47 line in syslog. qmail-send always prints either ``cannot start'' or
48 ``running''. (The big number is a splogger timestamp.)
49 13. Do a ps and look for the qmail daemons. There should be four of
50 them, all idle: qmail-send, running as qmails; qmail-lspawn, running
51 as root; qmail-rspawn, running as qmailr; and qmail-clean, running
52 as qmailq. You will also see the splogger process.
53 14. Local-local test: Send yourself an empty message. (Replace ``me''
54 with your username. Make sure to include the ``to:'' colon.)
55 % echo to: me | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
56 The message will show up immediately in ~/Mailbox, and syslog will
57 show something like this:
59 qmail: info msg 53: bytes 246 from <me@domain> qp 20345 uid 666
60 qmail: starting delivery 1: msg 53 to local me@domain
61 qmail: delivery 1: success: did_1+0+0/
63 (53 is an inode number; 20345 is a process ID; your numbers will
64 probably be different.)
65 15. Local-error test: Send a message to a nonexistent local address.
66 % echo to: nonexistent | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
68 qmail: info msg 53: bytes 246 from <me@domain> qp 20351 uid 666
69 qmail: starting delivery 2: msg 53 to local nonexistent@domain
70 qmail: delivery 2: failure: No_such_address.__#5.1.1_/
71 qmail: bounce msg 53 qp 20357
74 qmail: info msg 54: bytes 743 from <> qp 20357 uid 666
75 qmail: starting delivery 3: msg 54 to local me@domain
76 qmail: delivery 3: success: did_1+0+0/
78 You will now have a bounce message in ~/Mailbox.
79 16. Local-remote test: Send an empty message to your account on another
81 % echo to: me@wherever | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
83 qmail: info msg 53: bytes 246 from <me@domain> qp 20372 uid 666
84 qmail: starting delivery 4: msg 53 to remote me@wherever
85 qmail: delivery 4: success: 1.2.3.4_accepted_message./...
87 There will be a pause between ``starting delivery'' and ``success'';
88 SMTP is slow. Check that the message is in your mailbox on the other
90 17. Local-postmaster test: Send mail to postmaster, any capitalization.
91 % echo to: POSTmaster | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject
92 Look for the message in ~alias/Mailbox.
93 18. Double-bounce test: Send a message with a completely bad envelope.
94 % /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject -f nonexistent
98 This is a test. This is only a test.
100 (Use end-of-file, not dot, to end the message.) Look for the double
101 bounce in ~alias/Mailbox.
102 19. Group membership test:
103 % cat > ~me/.qmail-groups
104 |groups >> MYGROUPS; exit 0
105 % /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject me-groups < /dev/null
107 MYGROUPS will show your normal gid and nothing else. (Under Solaris,
108 make sure to use /usr/ucb/groups; /usr/bin/groups is broken.)
111 Upgrading from sendmail to qmail:
113 20. Read INSTALL.boot. You must replace the sendmail invocation in your
114 boot scripts with an appropriate qmail invocation.
115 21. Kill the sendmail daemon. You should first kill -STOP the daemon; if
116 any children are running, you should kill -CONT, wait, kill -STOP
117 again, and repeat ad nauseam. If there aren't any children, kill
118 -TERM and then kill -CONT.
119 22. Replace sendmail with a link to qmail's ``sendmail'' wrapper:
120 # mv /usr/lib/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail.bak
121 # ln -s /var/qmail/bin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail
122 23. Set up qmail-smtpd in /etc/inetd.conf (all on one line):
123 smtp stream tcp nowait qmaild /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env
124 tcp-env /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd
125 Also comment out comsat in /etc/inetd.conf.
126 24. Reboot. (Or kill -HUP your inetd and make sure the qmail daemons
128 25. Try to flush the sendmail queue:
129 # /usr/lib/sendmail.bak -q
130 You can safely run sendmail.bak -q (or even sendmail.bak -q15m)
131 while qmail is running. Do this until the sendmail queue is empty.
132 This may take several days.
133 26. Disable all the sendmail and binmail programs in your system. The
134 safest approach is to chmod 0 everything. Some locations to check:
135 /usr/sbin/sendmail, /usr/lib/sendmail.bak, /usr/lib/sendmail.mx,
136 /bin/mail, /usr/libexec/mail.local.
137 27. Make sure that ``mail'' still invokes a reasonable mailer. Under
138 SVR4 you may want to link mail to mailx.
141 Post-upgrade tests (can be done immediately after step 24):
143 28. SMTP server test: Forge some mail locally via SMTP.
144 % telnet 127.0.0.1 25
146 Connected to 127.0.0.1.
147 Escape character is '^]'.
163 250 ok 812345679 qp 12345
166 Connection closed by foreign host.
168 Look for the message in your mailbox.
169 29. Remote-local test: Send yourself some mail from another machine.
170 30. Remote-error test: I think you can figure this one out.
171 31. UA test: Try sending mail, first to a local account, then to a
172 remote account, with your normal user agent.
173 32. Remote-postmaster test: Send mail from another machine to
174 PoStMaStEr@domain. Look for the message in ~alias/Mailbox.
177 That's it! To report success:
178 % ( echo 'First M. Last'; cat `cat SYSDEPS` ) \
179 | mail djb-qst@koobera.math.uic.edu
180 Replace First M. Last with your name. If you have questions about qmail,
181 contact qmail@pobox.com.