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16 Parameters can be set in various contexts. All parameters
17 have default values, so that you need to explicitly set them only if you
18 want some value other than the default value.
21 Some parameters can be set only in the score context. Others can be set in
22 either score or staff contexts. A few can be set in score, staff, or voice
23 context. If a given parameter can be set in several
24 <A HREF="contexts.html">contexts,</A>
25 the value is that of the parameter at the
26 most specific context in which it is set. For example, if Mup is working
27 on musical data for voice 2 of staff 5, and it needs to
28 look up the value of a parameter, it will first see if that parameter has
29 been set in context "voice 5 2".
30 If so, it will use that value. If not,
31 it will see if the parameter was set in context "staff 5". If that has not
32 been set either, it will use the value from the score context. The score
33 context initially has all parameters set to their default values.
34 There are a few parameters, mostly related to font and text size,
35 that can also be set in
36 <A HREF="headfoot.html">header, footer, and similiar contexts.</A>
39 Parameters are set by the following syntax:
41 <I>parameter_name</I><B>=</B><I>value</I>
45 Several parameters can be set on a single line by separating them with
46 a semicolon. For example:
48 staffs=2 ; key=2& ; time=2/4
52 Parameters can be unset in staff or voice context using
54 <B>unset</B><I> parameter_name</I>
56 Unsetting a parameter in staff context will cause it
57 to revert to its value in score context (unless overridden in voice context).
58 Unsetting a parameter in voice context will cause it
59 to revert to its value in staff context if that is set,
60 otherwise to its value in score context.
63 The parameters are listed below in alphabetical order. For each,
64 the description includes the parameter's name,
65 legal values, default value, and contexts in which the parameter can be
66 set, along with an example of its usage.
67 If there are other related parameters, they are referenced as well.
69 <H2>Index of parameters</H2>
70 <A HREF="param.html#indexA">A</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexB">B</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexC">C</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexD">D</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexE">E</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexF">F</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexG">G</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexK">K</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexL">L</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexM">M</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexN">N</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexO">O</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexP">P</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexR">R</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexS">S</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexT">T</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexU">U</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexV">V</A> <A HREF="param.html#indexW">W</A> <H3><A NAME="indexA">A</A></H3><BR>
71 <A HREF="param.html#aboveord">aboveorder</A><BR>
72 <A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose</A><BR>
73 <H3><A NAME="indexB">B</A></H3><BR>
74 <A HREF="param.html#barstyle">barstyle</A><BR>
75 <A HREF="param.html#beamslp">beamslope</A><BR>
76 <A HREF="param.html#beamstyl">beamstyle</A><BR>
77 <A HREF="param.html#beloword">beloworder</A><BR>
78 <A HREF="param.html#betwnord">betweenorder</A><BR>
79 <A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin</A><BR>
80 <A HREF="param.html#brace">brace</A><BR>
81 <A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket</A><BR>
82 <H3><A NAME="indexC">C</A></H3><BR>
83 <A HREF="param.html#canclkey">cancelkey</A><BR>
84 <A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist</A><BR>
85 <A HREF="param.html#clef">clef</A><BR>
86 <A HREF="param.html#cresdist">crescdist</A><BR>
87 <H3><A NAME="indexD">D</A></H3><BR>
88 <A HREF="param.html#defoct">defoct</A><BR>
89 <A HREF="param.html#dist">dist</A><BR>
90 <A HREF="param.html#division">division</A><BR>
91 <A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist</A><BR>
92 <H3><A NAME="indexE">E</A></H3><BR>
93 <A HREF="param.html#endingst">endingstyle</A><BR>
94 <H3><A NAME="indexF">F</A></H3><BR>
95 <A HREF="param.html#firstpg">firstpage</A><BR>
96 <A HREF="param.html#font">font</A><BR>
97 <A HREF="param.html#fontfam">fontfamily</A><BR>
98 <H3><A NAME="indexG">G</A></H3><BR>
99 <A HREF="param.html#gridfret">gridfret</A><BR>
100 <A HREF="param.html#gridend">gridsatend</A><BR>
101 <A HREF="param.html#gridscl">gridscale</A><BR>
102 <A HREF="param.html#gridused">gridswhereused</A><BR>
103 <H3><A NAME="indexK">K</A></H3><BR>
104 <A HREF="param.html#key">key</A><BR>
105 <H3><A NAME="indexL">L</A></H3><BR>
106 <A HREF="param.html#label">label</A><BR>
107 <A HREF="param.html#label2">label2</A><BR>
108 <A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin</A><BR>
109 <A HREF="param.html#lyralign">lyricsalign</A><BR>
110 <A HREF="param.html#lyrfont">lyricsfont</A><BR>
111 <A HREF="param.html#lyrfam">lyricsfontfamily</A><BR>
112 <A HREF="param.html#lyrsize">lyricssize</A><BR>
113 <H3><A NAME="indexM">M</A></H3><BR>
114 <A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum</A><BR>
115 <A HREF="param.html#mnumfont">measnumfont</A><BR>
116 <A HREF="param.html#mnumfam">measnumfontfamily</A><BR>
117 <A HREF="param.html#mnumsize">measnumsize</A><BR>
118 <H3><A NAME="indexN">N</A></H3><BR>
119 <A HREF="param.html#notehead">noteheads</A><BR>
120 <A HREF="param.html#nummrpt">numbermrpt</A><BR>
121 <H3><A NAME="indexO">O</A></H3><BR>
122 <A HREF="param.html#ontheline">ontheline</A><BR>
123 <H3><A NAME="indexP">P</A></H3><BR>
124 <A HREF="param.html#packexp">packexp</A><BR>
125 <A HREF="param.html#packfact">packfact</A><BR>
126 <A HREF="param.html#pad">pad</A><BR>
127 <A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight</A><BR>
128 <A HREF="param.html#pgsize">pagesize</A><BR>
129 <A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A><BR>
130 <A HREF="param.html#panels">panelsperpage</A><BR>
131 <A HREF="param.html#pedstyle">pedstyle</A><BR>
132 <A HREF="param.html#prmultn">printmultnum</A><BR>
133 <H3><A NAME="indexR">R</A></H3><BR>
134 <A HREF="param.html#rehstyle">rehstyle</A><BR>
135 <A HREF="param.html#release">release</A><BR>
136 <A HREF="param.html#restcomb">restcombine</A><BR>
137 <A HREF="param.html#restsymm">restsymmult</A><BR>
138 <A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin</A><BR>
139 <H3><A NAME="indexS">S</A></H3><BR>
140 <A HREF="param.html#scale">scale</A><BR>
141 <A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad</A><BR>
142 <A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep</A><BR>
143 <A HREF="param.html#size">size</A><BR>
144 <A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines</A><BR>
145 <A HREF="param.html#staffpad">staffpad</A><BR>
146 <A HREF="param.html#staffs">staffs</A><BR>
147 <A HREF="param.html#stscale">staffscale</A><BR>
148 <A HREF="param.html#staffsep">staffsep</A><BR>
149 <A HREF="param.html#stemlen">stemlen</A><BR>
150 <A HREF="param.html#sshorten">stemshorten</A><BR>
151 <A HREF="param.html#swing">swingunit</A><BR>
152 <A HREF="param.html#sylpos">sylposition</A><BR>
153 <H3><A NAME="indexT">T</A></H3><BR>
154 <A HREF="param.html#tabwhite">tabwhitebox</A><BR>
155 <A HREF="param.html#time">time</A><BR>
156 <A HREF="param.html#timeunit">timeunit</A><BR>
157 <A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin</A><BR>
158 <A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose</A><BR>
159 <H3><A NAME="indexU">U</A></H3><BR>
160 <A HREF="param.html#units">units</A><BR>
161 <H3><A NAME="indexV">V</A></H3><BR>
162 <A HREF="param.html#vcombine">vcombine</A><BR>
163 <A HREF="param.html#visible">visible</A><BR>
164 <A HREF="param.html#vscheme">vscheme</A><BR>
165 <H3><A NAME="indexW">W</A></H3><BR>
166 <A HREF="param.html#warn">warn</A><BR>
170 <A NAME="aboveord">aboveorder</A>
172 specify in what order to stack items that are printed above a staff.
173 The value is a comma-separated list of all the types of things that
174 can be printed above a staff. Items are stacked in the order listed,
175 starting from just above the staff and working upward.
176 If you want several types to be handled as a single
177 category, with all types in the category
178 having the same stacking priority, separate
179 them with an ampersand rather than a comma. The ampersand cannot
180 be used with lyrics, ending, or reh. The dyn category applies to
181 crescendo and decrescendo marks (from "<" and ">" statements)
182 as well as text with the dyn modifier.
183 The chord category applies to text with chord, analysis, or figbass
184 modifiers. The othertext category applies to rom, bold, ital, and
185 boldital items that do not have a chord, analysis, figbass, or dyn modifier.
186 If you omit any categories, they will be stacked last, in their default order.
189 <A HREF="mussym.html">mussym,</A>
190 <A HREF="octave.html">octave,</A>
191 <A HREF="textmark.html#chordmod">dyn, othertext, chord,</A>
192 <A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics,</A>
193 <A HREF="bars.html#endings">ending,</A>
194 <A HREF="bars.html#reh">reh</A>
196 <P><B>Default value: </B>
197 mussym, octave, dyn & othertext & chord, lyrics, ending, reh
202 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
203 aboveorder = mussym, lyrics, dyn, octave, othertext, chord, ending, reh
205 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
206 <A HREF="param.html#beloword">beloworder,</A>
207 <A HREF="param.html#betwnord">betweenorder,</A>
208 <A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist,</A>
209 <A HREF="param.html#dist">dist,</A>
210 <A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist</A>
214 <A NAME="addxpose">addtranspose</A>
216 specify by what additional interval to transpose the music data.
217 There is another parameter called just
218 <A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose.</A>
219 Typically you would use the transpose parameter to change the key of
220 individual staffs (for transposing instruments), and then use the
221 addtranspose parameter if you want to change the key of the entire score.
222 But either of these parameters can be used either way.
223 In any case, for each staff, and for the score, the values of
224 transpose and addtranspose are "added" to find the transposition
225 for that staff or score.
227 larger than an octave, but must be a valid interval (e.g., there is no
228 such thing as a perfect 6th). It is an error to specify a transposition value
229 which would result in a key signature with more than 7 flats or sharps.
230 It is also an error if transposition would result in a note requiring a
231 triple sharp or triple flat.
234 the word "up" or "down," followed by an interval and a whole number greater than 0.
235 The interval is one of major, minor, augmented, diminished, or perfect.
236 The intervals can be abbreviated to their first 3 letters (maj,
237 min, aug, dim, or per).
239 <A HREF="trnspose.html">section on transposition</A>
240 lists transposition intervals and gives further details.
241 Depending on which key signature you are
242 transposing from, some transposition intervals may not work because they
243 result in more than 7 flats or sharps.
245 <P><B>Default value: </B>
246 up perfect 1 (i.e., no transposition)
251 <P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
252 addtranspose = down major 3
254 addtranspose = up perfect 5
256 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
257 <A HREF="param.html#key">key,</A>
258 <A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose</A>
262 <A NAME="barstyle">barstyle</A>
264 specifies which staffs are to have their bar lines connected together.
265 When drawing bar lines, a continuous vertical line will be drawn from
266 the top line of the top staff in a range to the bottom line of the bottom
268 Any staff not listed will be barred by itself, with the bar line spanning
269 only the height of the staff.
272 a comma-separated list of staff numbers and/or ranges of staff numbers.
273 Staff numbers can be from 1 to the value of the
274 <A HREF="param.html#staffs">"staffs" parameter.</A>
275 A range is a pair of numbers separated by a dash.
276 A given staff number can be specified only once,
277 and there can be no overlapping between ranges.
279 <P><B>Default value: </B>
280 each visible staff barred individually
285 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
288 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
289 <A HREF="param.html#staffs">staffs,</A>
290 <A HREF="param.html#visible">visible</A>
294 <A NAME="beamslp">beamslope</A>
296 allows you to control the slope of beams.
297 Two values must be given, separated by a comma.
298 Mup calculates an appropriate slope for beams by applying a linear
299 regression algorithm that uses the positions of the note heads within
300 the beam. The first value supplied for the beamslope parameter
301 is a factor by which to multiply the default slope that Mup calculates.
302 The minimum value of 0.0 would cause all beams to be horizontal,
303 whereas the maximum value of 1.0 will use the slope Mup calculates.
304 Intermediate values will yield beams that are less slanted than the
305 default slope calculation. The second value given to the beamslope parameter
306 is the maximum angle for the beam, in degrees.
307 If the originally calculated value multiplied by the
308 factor yields an angle of greater than this maximum angle,
309 the maximum angle will be used.
310 <A HREF="ichdattr.html#crossbm">Cross-staff beams that are between staffs</A>
311 are allowed to have a slope up to 1.4 times the value
312 of the slope of the maximum angle, since they face more constraints.
313 The slope can be overridden on a particular beam by specifying a
314 <A HREF="ichdattr.html#slope">slope as an interchord attribute</A>
315 on the first chord of the beamed set.
318 0.0 to 1.0 for the factor, and 0.0 to 45.0 for the maximum angle
320 <P><B>Default value: </B>
326 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
331 <A NAME="beamstyl">beamstyle</A>
333 specifies how to beam eighth notes or shorter. It is specified
334 as a list of time values. Any number of notes up to each time value
335 will be beamed together. For example, in 4/4 time, with beamstyle=4,4,4,4
336 each quarter note worth of shorter notes would be beamed together.
337 However, beams would not span across beats. As another example, for an input
338 of 4.; 8; 8; 4.; the two eighth notes
339 would not be beamed together, because they span beats. If beamstyle
340 had been specified as 4,2,4 then the eighth notes would be beamed.
341 Normally, beams also end whenever a rest or space is encountered.
342 However, if an "r" is placed at the end of the list of time values,
343 Mup will beams across rests of less than quarter note duration.
344 Similarly, if an "s" is placed at the end of the list,
345 Mup will beam across spaces of less than quarter note duration.
346 You can specify both r and s in either order.
347 It is possible to specify subbeams, or secondary groupings within a beam,
348 by enclosing a list of time values in parentheses. In this case,
349 the outer beam extends for the sum of the values in the parentheses,
350 while inner beams extend only for the individual values within the parentheses.
351 For example, if you set
352 beamstyle=(4,4),(4,4) and then have a measure that consists of all 16th notes,
353 the first 8 notes would be connected by an outer beam, as would the last 8
354 notes, but the second (inner) beams would cover only 4 notes each.
355 The parentheses cannot be nested.
356 It is possible to override this default beaming style within a specific
357 measure. See the section on
358 <A HREF="ichdattr.html#custbeam">Custom Beaming</A>
359 for examples of how to obtain various kinds of beaming.
360 The value of the beamstyle parameter is remembered for
361 any later changes back to the same time signature.
362 In other words, if you set the value of the
363 <A HREF="param.html#time">time parameter</A>
364 and the beamstyle parameter in the same context, then later set only
365 the time, the beamstyle that you had set earlier
369 a comma-separated list of time values that add up to a measure. Time values
370 are specified as 4 for a quarter note, 2 for half note, etc, and
371 can be dotted if necessary, or an expression with added and/or subtracted
372 times. The list can optionally be followed by an "r"
373 to indicate beams should span rests.
374 It can optionally be followed by "s" to indicate beams should span spaces.
375 Two or more of the time values may be enclosed in parentheses, to indicate
376 sub-groupings of inner (secondary) beams within outer (primary) beams.
377 If the value is empty, automatic beaming is turned off.
379 <P><B>Default value: </B>
380 no beams; each note of eighth or shorter duration is individually flagged.
383 score, staff, and voice
385 <P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
392 beamstyle = 2, 2 rs // beam across rests and spaces
394 beamstyle = (4., 4., 4.) // one outer beam per measure,
396 // with inner beams broken at each dotted quarter duration
398 beamstyle = // turn off beaming
402 <A NAME="beloword">beloworder</A>
404 specify in what order to stack items that are printed below a staff.
405 The value is a comma-separated list of all the types of things that
406 can be printed below a staff. Items are stacked in the order listed,
407 starting from just below the staff and working downward.
408 If you want several types to be handled as a single
409 category, with all types in the category
410 having the same stacking priority, separate
411 them with an ampersand rather than a comma. The ampersand cannot
412 be used with lyrics or pedal. The dyn category applies to
413 crescendo and decrescendo marks (from "<" and ">" statements)
414 as well as text with the dyn modifier.
415 The chord category applies to text with chord, analysis, or figbass
416 modifiers. The othertext category applies to rom, bold, ital, and
417 boldital items that do not have a chord, analysis, figbass, or dyn modifier.
418 If you omit any categories, they will be stacked last, in their default order.
421 <A HREF="mussym.html">mussym,</A>
422 <A HREF="octave.html">octave,</A>
423 <A HREF="textmark.html#chordmod">dyn, othertext, chord,</A>
424 <A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics,</A>
425 <A HREF="pedal.html">pedal</A>
427 <P><B>Default value: </B>
428 mussym, octave, dyn & othertext & chord, lyrics, pedal
433 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
434 beloworder = mussym, lyrics, dyn, octave, othertext, chord, pedal
436 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
437 <A HREF="param.html#aboveord">aboveorder,</A>
438 <A HREF="param.html#betwnord">betweenorder,</A>
439 <A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist,</A>
440 <A HREF="param.html#dist">dist,</A>
441 <A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist</A>
445 <A NAME="betwnord">betweenorder</A>
447 specify in what order to stack items that are printed between two staffs.
448 The value is a comma-separated list of all the types of things that
449 can be printed between staffs. Items are stacked in the order listed,
450 starting from a baseline and working upward.
451 If you want several types to be handled as a single
452 category, with all types in the category
453 having the same stacking priority, separate
454 them with an ampersand rather than a comma. The ampersand cannot
455 be used with lyrics. The dyn category applies to
456 crescendo and decrescendo marks (from "<" and ">" statements)
457 as well as text with the dyn modifier.
458 The chord category applies to text with chord, analysis, or figbass
459 modifiers. The othertext category applies to rom, bold, ital, and
460 boldital items that do not have a chord, analysis, figbass, or dyn modifier.
461 If you omit any categories, they will be stacked last, in their default order.
464 <A HREF="mussym.html">mussym,</A>
465 <A HREF="textmark.html#chordmod">dyn, othertext, chord,</A>
466 <A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics,</A>
468 <P><B>Default value: </B>
469 mussym, dyn & othertext & chord, lyrics
474 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
475 betweenorder = mussym, lyrics, dyn & othertext, chord
477 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
478 <A HREF="param.html#aboveord">aboveorder,</A>
479 <A HREF="param.html#beloword">beloworder,</A>
480 <A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist,</A>
481 <A HREF="param.html#dist">dist,</A>
482 <A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist</A>
486 <A NAME="botmar">bottommargin</A>
488 sets the amount of white space margin to put at the bottom of each page.
489 It is specified in inches if the
490 <A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
491 is set to inches, or in centimeters if the units parameter is set to cm.
492 This parameter can only be specified before any music or
493 <A HREF="prnttext.html#block">block input.</A>
494 Margins are unaffected by
495 <A HREF="param.html#scale">the "scale" parameter.</A>
496 The parameter name can be abbreviated to just "botmargin" if you wish.
499 0.0 to pageheight minus 0.5 inches
501 <P><B>Default value: </B>
507 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
510 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
511 <A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin,</A>
512 <A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin,</A>
513 <A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin</A>
514 <A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight</A>
515 <A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
519 <A NAME="brace">brace</A>
521 specifies which staffs are to be grouped together with a brace to the left
522 of the score. If there is a string given in parentheses, that string
523 will be used as the label to print on the next score,
524 left of the bracket at its vertical center.
525 If there is a second string,
526 that will be used as the label for succeeding scores.
529 a comma-separated list of staffs and/or staff ranges, each optionally followed
530 by one or two double-quoted strings enclosed in parentheses.
531 If there are two strings, they are separated by a comma.
532 Staff numbers can range from 1 to the value of
533 <A HREF="param.html#staffs">the "staffs" parameter.</A>
534 A given staff number can be specified only once,
535 and there can be no overlapping between ranges.
536 Giving no value will result in no braces on any staffs.
538 <P><B>Default value: </B>
539 no staffs are grouped by braces.
544 <P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
547 brace = 1, 2-3, 4, 5-6
549 brace = 1-2 ("piano"), 3 ("cello")
551 brace = 1-2 ("Primo", "I")
553 brace = // no braces at all (the default)
555 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
556 <A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket,</A>
557 <A HREF="param.html#label">label,</A>
558 <A HREF="param.html#label2">label2,</A>
559 <A HREF="param.html#staffs">staffs</A>
563 <A NAME="bracket">bracket</A>
565 specifies which staffs are to be grouped together with a bracket to the left
566 of the score. If there is a string given in parentheses, that string
567 will be used as the label to print on the next score,
568 left of the bracket at its vertical center.
569 If there is a second string,
570 that will be used as the label for succeeding scores.
573 a comma-separated list of staffs and/or staff ranges, each optionally followed
574 by one or two double-quoted strings enclosed in parentheses.
575 If there are two strings, they are separated by a comma.
576 Staff numbers can range from 1 to the value of
577 <A HREF="param.html#staffs">the "staffs" parameter.</A>
578 A bracket range can overlap another bracket range, as long as one range
579 is a proper subset of the other.
580 Giving no value will result in no brackets on any staffs.
582 <P><B>Default value: </B>
583 no staffs are grouped by brackets.
588 <P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
593 bracket = 8-9 ("SATB")
595 bracket = 10-12 ("Strings", "Str")
597 bracket = // no brackets at all (the default)
599 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
600 <A HREF="param.html#brace">brace,</A>
601 <A HREF="param.html#label">label,</A>
602 <A HREF="param.html#label2">label2,</A>
603 <A HREF="param.html#staffs">staffs</A>
607 <A NAME="canclkey">cancelkey</A>
609 When set to <B>y</B>, when a key changes, any sharps or flats in the
610 previous key that are not part of the new key will be canceled by printing
611 natural signs, before printing the new key signature. When
612 set to <B>n</B>, the naturals will only be printed if the new key has no
618 <P><B>Default value: </B>
624 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
627 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
628 <A HREF="param.html#key">key</A>
632 <A NAME="chdist">chorddist</A>
634 sets minimum distance from staff to place chords. When
635 chord marks are printed, they will be placed
636 no closer to the staff than the value
637 of this parameter. This can be used to reduce the ragged effect of having
638 some chord marks much higher than others, because other things were in
640 If a specific chord mark has to be
641 moved farther away than this parameter to avoid running into something,
642 that will still happen,
643 but any others will come out at the level specified by this parameter.
644 This parameter may be overridden on specific items. The section on
645 <A HREF="stuff.html">tempo, dynamic marks, ornaments, etc.</A>
646 gives details on how to do this.
649 a whole number between 0 and 50 inclusive, given in stepsizes.
651 <P><B>Default value: </B>
657 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
660 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
661 <A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist,</A>
662 <A HREF="param.html#dist">dist,</A>
663 <A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
664 <A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep</A>
668 <A NAME="clef">clef</A>
670 sets the clef to use.
671 Changing a clef may also change the default octave
672 <A HREF="param.html#defoct">(see the "defoct" parameter below).</A>
675 treble, treble8, 8treble, frenchviolin, soprano, mezzosoprano,
676 alto, tenor, baritone or bass.
677 The treble8 clef looks like a treble clef with an 8 below it,
678 and refers to notes that are an octave lower than a normal treble clef.
679 The 8treble clef looks like a treble clef with an 8 above it,
680 and refers to notes that are an octave higher than a normal treble clef.
682 <A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines parameter</A>
683 includes the "drum"
684 keyword, then the value of this clef parameter is
685 only used for determining the placement of notes on the staff, with the
686 drum (or "neutral") clef actually printed.
687 Clef can be changed in
688 <A HREF="midmeas.html">the middle of a measure</A>
689 using a construct like <<staff clef=bass>> before a note group.
691 <P><B>Default value: </B>
697 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
700 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
701 <A HREF="param.html#defoct">defoct,</A>
702 <A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines</A>
706 <A NAME="cresdist">crescdist</A>
708 This parameter is obsolete; it has been replaced by
709 <A HREF="param.html#dyndist">the dyndist parameter.</A>
713 <A NAME="defoct">defoct</A>
715 sets the default octave for any note
716 which does not have an explicit octave specified.
717 An octave goes from C up to the next B, with octave 4 being the octave
718 beginning on middle C.
719 If the clef is changed on a staff, the default octave
720 is changed to match the new clef.
721 defoct can be changed in
722 <A HREF="midmeas.html">the middle of a measure</A>
723 using a construct like <<staff defoct=5>> before a note group.
726 a number from 0 to 9 inclusive. Octave 4 is the octave beginning at middle C.
728 <P><B>Default value: </B>
729 the octave containing the note represented by the middle line of the staff
731 <A HREF="param.html#clef">clef.</A>
732 (Octave 5 for frenchviolin and 8treble;
733 octave 4 for treble, soprano, mezzosoprano, and
734 alto clefs; octave 3 for treble8, tenor, baritone and bass clefs).
739 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
744 <A NAME="dist">dist</A>
746 sets minimum distance from staff to place
747 <A HREF="textmark.html">rom, bold, ital, and boldital items,</A>
749 <A HREF="bars.html#reh">rehearsal marks.</A>
750 When these items are printed,
751 they will be placed no closer to the staff than the value
752 of this parameter. This can be used to reduce the ragged effect of having
753 some items much higher than others, because other things were in their way.
754 If a specific item has to be
755 moved farther away than this parameter to avoid running into something,
756 that will still happen,
757 but any others will come out at the level specified by this parameter.
758 If an item is also a chord,
759 <A HREF="param.html#chdist">the chorddist parameter</A>
760 will be used instead of dist.
761 This parameter may be overridden on specific items. The sections on
762 <A HREF="stuff.html">tempo, dynamic marks, ornaments, etc.</A>
764 <A HREF="bars.html#reh">rehearsal marks</A>
765 give details on how to do this.
768 a whole number between 0 and 50 inclusive, given in stepsizes.
770 <P><B>Default value: </B>
776 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
779 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
780 <A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist,</A>
781 <A HREF="param.html#dyndist">dyndist,</A>
782 <A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
783 <A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep</A>
787 <A NAME="division">division</A>
790 <A HREF="midi.html">MIDI</A>
791 division (number of clock ticks per quarter note). This typically
792 has a value of 192 or 384.
793 This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
798 <P><B>Default value: </B>
804 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
809 <A NAME="dyndist">dyndist</A>
811 sets minimum distance from staff to place
812 <A HREF="cres.html">crescendo and decrescendo marks.</A>
813 and text that is marked "dyn."
814 When these items are printed,
815 they will be placed no closer to the staff than the value
816 of this parameter. This can be used to reduce the ragged effect of having
817 some items much higher than others, because other things were in their way.
818 If a specific item has to be
819 moved farther away than this parameter to avoid running into something,
820 that will still happen,
821 but any others will come out at the level specified by this parameter.
822 This parameter may be overridden on specific items. The section on
823 <A HREF="stuff.html">tempo, dynamic marks, ornaments, etc.</A>
824 gives details on how to do this.
827 a whole number between 0 and 50 inclusive, given in stepsizes.
829 <P><B>Default value: </B>
835 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
838 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
839 <A HREF="param.html#chdist">chorddist,</A>
840 <A HREF="param.html#dist">dist,</A>
841 <A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
842 <A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep</A>
846 <A NAME="endingst">endingstyle</A>
849 <A HREF="bars.html#endings">first and second endings</A>
851 This parameter also controls where
852 <A HREF="param.html#measnum">measure numbers</A>
854 <A HREF="bars.html#reh">rehearsal marks are placed.</A>
855 A value of "top" means that the endings and similar marks
856 will be shown only above the top
857 <A HREF="param.html#visible">visible staff.</A>
858 A value of "barred"
859 means these marks will be shown above each set of staffs
860 that is barred together. Each staff that is barred individually will also
861 have the ending shown above it.
862 <A HREF="param.html#barstyle">(See the "barstyle" parameter above.)</A>
863 A value of "grouped" means the marks
864 will be shown above the top visible
865 staff of each range of staffs that are joined by a
866 <A HREF="param.html#brace">brace</A>
868 <A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket.</A>
869 In all cases, at least the top visible staff will
870 have endings shown above it.
873 top, barred, or grouped
875 <P><B>Default value: </B>
881 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
882 endingstyle = grouped
884 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
885 <A HREF="param.html#barstyle">barstyle,</A>
886 <A HREF="param.html#brace">brace,</A>
887 <A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket,</A>
888 <A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum,</A>
889 <A HREF="param.html#rehstyle">rehstyle,</A>
890 <A HREF="param.html#visible">visible</A>
894 <A NAME="firstpg">firstpage</A>
896 specifies what to number the first page.
897 This value can be overridden by the
898 <A HREF="cmdargs.html#poption">-p command line option.</A>
899 This parameter can only be set before any music or block input.
904 <P><B>Default value: </B>
910 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
915 <A NAME="font">font</A>
917 specifies which font to use for
918 <A HREF="prnttext.html">print, left, right, center, and title statements,</A>
920 <A HREF="chrdattr.html#withlist">"with" lists (i.e., strings that are associated with a particular chord).</A>
923 rom, ital, bold, or boldital
925 <P><B>Default value: </B>
929 score, staff, header, footer, header2, footer2, top, bottom, top2, bottom2, block
931 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
934 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
935 <A HREF="param.html#fontfam">fontfamily,</A>
936 <A HREF="param.html#lyrfont">lyricsfont,</A>
937 <A HREF="param.html#lyrfam">lyricsfontfamily,</A>
938 <A HREF="param.html#size">size</A>
942 <A NAME="fontfam">fontfamily</A>
944 specifies what font family to use for
945 <A HREF="prnttext.html">print, left, right, center, and title statements</A>
947 <A HREF="chrdattr.html#withlist">"with" lists (i.e., strings that are associated with a particular chord).</A>
950 avantgarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentury, palatino, times
952 <P><B>Default value: </B>
956 score, staff, header, footer, header2, footer2, top, bottom, top2, bottom2, block
958 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
961 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
962 <A HREF="param.html#font">font,</A>
963 <A HREF="param.html#lyrfont">lyricsfont,</A>
964 <A HREF="param.html#lyrfam">lyricsfontfamily</A>
968 <A NAME="gridfret">gridfret</A>
970 specifies when to print fret numbers on grids.
971 Normally, the top line of
972 a grid represents the nut. However, if the fingering for a chord is rather
973 far up the neck, it is customary to have the top line of the grid represent
974 some other fret, and print a fret number and "fr" next to the grid,
975 showing the actual fret of the rightmost fret mark. This parameter controls
976 when Mup begins using this alternate format. Whenever all the frets of
977 a chord are greater than or equal to
978 the value specified for this parameter, and there are no strings marked "o",
979 the "fr" notation is used. If no value is set for this parameter,
980 the grid will just be made as tall
981 as necessary to accommodate the chord's frets.
986 <P><B>Default value: </B>
992 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
997 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
998 <A HREF="param.html#gridend">gridsatend,</A>
999 <A HREF="param.html#gridscl">gridscale,</A>
1000 <A HREF="param.html#gridused">gridswhereused,</A>
1004 <A NAME="gridend">gridsatend</A>
1006 specifies whether to print guitar grids at the end of the song.
1007 If set to "y"
1008 grids for all of the chords used in the song will be printed.
1013 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1019 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1022 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1023 <A HREF="param.html#gridfret">gridfret,</A>
1024 <A HREF="param.html#gridscl">gridscale,</A>
1025 <A HREF="param.html#gridused">gridswhereused</A>
1029 <A NAME="gridscl">gridscale</A>
1031 specifies how large to make grids, relative to their default size.
1032 For example, a value of 0.5 will make them 1/2 their default size.
1033 The default size for grids summarized at the end
1035 <A HREF="param.html#gridend">(the gridsatend parameter)</A>
1036 is larger than the default size for those printed with the music
1037 <A HREF="param.html#gridused">(the gridswhereused parameter).</A>
1042 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1048 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1051 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1052 <A HREF="param.html#gridend">gridsatend,</A>
1053 <A HREF="param.html#gridfret">gridfret,</A>
1054 <A HREF="param.html#gridused">gridswhereused,</A>
1055 <A HREF="param.html#scale">scale,</A>
1056 <A HREF="param.html#stscale">staffscale</A>
1060 <A NAME="gridused">gridswhereused</A>
1062 specifies whether to print guitar grids along with chords
1063 where they appear in the song. If set to "y" each
1064 <A HREF="textmark.html#chordmod">text item with the chord modifier</A>
1065 will have a grid printed below its name.
1070 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1076 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1079 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1080 <A HREF="param.html#gridfret">gridfret,</A>
1081 <A HREF="param.html#gridend">gridsatend,</A>
1082 <A HREF="param.html#gridscl">gridscale</A>
1086 <A NAME="key">key</A>
1088 sets the key signature. This can be specified either by giving the
1089 number of sharps (#) or flats (&), or by giving the name of the key.
1092 If using the number of sharps/flats format, the value is
1093 a number from 0 to 7, followed by "#" or "&," optionally followed by "major"
1094 or "minor." 0& and 0# are equivalent.
1095 If using the name of the key, the value is a letter "a" through "g,"
1096 optionally followed by a "#" or "&," optionally followed by "major" or "minor."
1097 The "major" and "minor" can be abbreviated to "maj" or "min."
1098 The "major" or "minor" is used for
1099 <A HREF="midi.html">MIDI file</A>
1100 purposes, and is optional; if omitted, it defaults to major.
1101 If you wish to use a mode other than major or minor,
1102 you have to specify the number of sharps or flats.
1104 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1110 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1119 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1120 <A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines,</A>
1121 <A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose,</A>
1122 <A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose</A>
1126 <A NAME="label">label</A>
1128 specify a label to be printed to the left of the staff on the next
1129 score. If there is also a
1130 <A HREF="param.html#brace">brace</A>
1132 <A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket</A>
1133 label, that label will
1134 be to the left of this label.
1136 <A HREF="param.html#label2">label2</A>
1137 parameter that is used on subsequent scores.
1138 In addition to being used for the very first score of a song,
1139 this label parameter might be used to clearly mark a change in instrumentation
1140 or voices for a particular staff. The label2 would typically be changed at
1141 the same time, giving a more abbreviated label. For example,
1142 you might set label="Tenor/Bass" and label2="TB"
1145 <A HREF="textstr.html">a text string</A>
1146 enclosed in double quotes.
1148 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1149 enough spaces to produce an indent of 1/2 inch
1154 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1155 label = "oboe"
1157 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1158 <A HREF="param.html#brace">brace,</A>
1159 <A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket,</A>
1160 <A HREF="param.html#label">label2</A>
1164 <A NAME="label2">label2</A>
1166 specify a label to be printed to the left of the staff on all scores after
1167 the first. If there is also a
1168 <A HREF="param.html#brace">brace</A>
1170 <A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket</A>
1171 label, that label will be to the left of this label.
1173 <A HREF="param.html#label">label</A>
1174 and label2 parameters are set at the same time,
1175 the label value will be used for the immediately
1176 following score, with the label2 value used for subsequent scores.
1177 If however, after the first score, only the label2 is changed,
1178 then the label2 value will be used on the immediately following score
1179 as well as subsequent scores.
1182 <A HREF="textstr.html">a text string</A>
1183 enclosed in double quotes
1185 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1191 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1192 label2 = "Solo"
1194 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1195 <A HREF="param.html#brace">brace,</A>
1196 <A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket,</A>
1197 <A HREF="param.html#label">label</A>
1201 <A NAME="leftmar">leftmargin</A>
1203 sets the amount of white space margin to put at the left side of each page.
1204 It is specified in inches if the
1205 <A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
1206 is set to inches, or in centimeters if the units parameter is set to cm.
1207 This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1208 Margins are unaffected by
1209 <A HREF="param.html#scale">the "scale" parameter.</A>
1212 0.0 to pagewidth minus 0.5 inches
1214 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1220 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1223 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1224 <A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin,</A>
1225 <A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin,</A>
1226 <A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin,</A>
1227 <A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth,</A>
1228 <A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
1232 <A NAME="lyralign">lyricsalign</A>
1234 specifies how to align lyric syllables with chords. Its value is the
1235 proportion of each syllable to place to the left of the syllable's chord.
1236 Thus for example, a value of 0.0 causes
1237 the left edge of syllables to be aligned with
1238 the chords, whereas a value of 0.5 causes syllables to be centered with
1239 the chord, and 1.0 causes the right edge of the syllables to be aligned
1245 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1251 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1254 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1255 <A HREF="param.html#sylpos">sylposition</A>
1259 <A NAME="lyrfont">lyricsfont</A>
1261 sets which font to use for
1262 <A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics.</A>
1265 rom, ital, bold, boldital
1267 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1273 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1276 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1277 <A HREF="param.html#font">font,</A>
1278 <A HREF="param.html#lyrsize">lyricssize</A>
1282 <A NAME="lyrfam">lyricsfontfamily</A>
1284 specifies what font family to use for
1285 <A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics.</A>
1288 avantgarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentury, palatino, times
1290 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1296 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1297 lyricsfontfamily=helvetica
1299 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1300 <A HREF="param.html#font">font,</A>
1301 <A HREF="param.html#fontfam">fontfamily,</A>
1302 <A HREF="param.html#lyrfont">lyricsfont</A>
1306 <A NAME="lyrsize">lyricssize</A>
1308 sets point size to use for
1309 <A HREF="lyrics.html">lyrics.</A>
1312 a number from 1 to 100
1314 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1320 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1323 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1324 <A HREF="param.html#lyrfont">lyricsfont,</A>
1325 <A HREF="param.html#lyrfam">lyricsfontfamily,</A>
1326 <A HREF="param.html#size">size</A>
1330 <A NAME="measnum">measnum</A>
1332 specifies whether or not to print measure numbers.
1333 If set to "y,"
1334 the current measure number will be printed at the beginning of each score
1335 other than the first. The number will be printed above any scores that
1336 would receive ending marks
1337 <A HREF="param.html#endingst">(see "endingstyle" parameter).</A>
1338 If set to "n," no measure numbers will be printed.
1339 This parameter does not affect
1340 <A HREF="bars.html#reh">rehearsal numbers, which are equal to measure numbers when "mnum" is used.</A>
1345 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1351 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1354 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1355 <A HREF="param.html#endingst">endingstyle,</A>
1356 <A HREF="param.html#mnumfont">measnumfont,</A>
1357 <A HREF="param.html#mnumfam">measnumfontfamily,</A>
1358 <A HREF="param.html#mnumsize">measnumsize,</A>
1359 <A HREF="param.html#rehstyle">rehstyle</A>
1363 <A NAME="mnumfont">measnumfont</A>
1365 This specifies which font type to use for the automatic measure numbers,
1366 if they are turned on via the
1367 <A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum parameter.</A>
1370 rom, ital, bold, or boldital
1372 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1378 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1379 measnumfont=boldital
1381 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1382 <A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum,</A>
1383 <A HREF="param.html#mnumfam">measnumfontfamily,</A>
1384 <A HREF="param.html#mnumsize">measnumsize</A>
1388 <A NAME="mnumfam">measnumfontfamily</A>
1390 This specifies which font family to use for the automatic measure numbers,
1391 if they are turned on via the
1392 <A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum parameter.</A>
1395 avantegarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, newcentry, palatino, or times
1397 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1403 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1404 measnumfontfamily=helvetica
1406 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1407 <A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum,</A>
1408 <A HREF="param.html#mnumfont">measnumfont,</A>
1409 <A HREF="param.html#mnumsize">measnumsize</A>
1413 <A NAME="mnumsize">measnumsize</A>
1415 This specifies what size to use for the automatic measure numbers,
1416 in points, if they are turned on via the
1417 <A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum parameter.</A>
1422 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1428 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1431 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1432 <A HREF="param.html#measnum">measnum,</A>
1433 <A HREF="param.html#mnumfont">measnumfont,</A>
1434 <A HREF="param.html#mnumfam">measnumfontfamily</A>
1438 <A NAME="notehead">noteheads</A>
1440 The noteheads parameter describes which note head shape(s)
1441 to use for each pitch in the scale.
1442 If you want to use the same shape for all pitches,
1443 as is the case with standard notation, the value is a string
1444 containing a single shape name (e.g., "norm" for standard notation).
1445 If you want to use different shapes for different pitches,
1446 the noteheads parameter value is a string containing a list of 7 shape names.
1447 They are listed in order starting from the "tonic"
1448 of the major key as indicated by the number of sharps or flats in the
1449 <A HREF="param.html#key">key signature.</A>
1450 There are 10 pre-defined head shapes:
1451 blank, diam, isostri, norm, pie, rect, righttri, semicirc, slash, and xnote.
1452 Additional head shapes can be defined in the
1453 <A HREF="shaped.html#hdshape">headshapes context.</A>
1454 See the examples below for the most common settings for
1455 this parameter. Head shape can be
1456 <A HREF="shaped.html#chord">overridden on an individual chord</A>
1457 by using [hs "shapename"]
1458 before the chord. It can also be
1459 <A HREF="shaped.html#note">overridden on an individual note</A>
1460 by putting hs "shapename" after the note.
1463 A string containing either 1 or 7 head shape names.
1465 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1471 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1472 // This is the setting for the most common shaped note system using 4 shapes.
1474 noteheads = "righttri norm rect righttri norm rect diam"
1477 // This is the setting for a shaped notes system that uses 7 different shapes.
1479 noteheads = "isostri semicirc diam righttri norm rect pie"
1483 <A NAME="nummrpt">numbermrpt</A>
1486 <A HREF="chordinp.html#measdur">measure repeats</A>
1487 are numbered; if set to 'n' they aren't.
1492 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1498 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1503 <A NAME="ontheline">ontheline</A>
1505 specifies whether notes for voices 1 and 2
1506 on a 1-line staff are to be placed on the line.
1507 If this is set to n, notes with stem up will be placed above the line
1508 and notes with stem down will be placed below the line, otherwise both
1509 will be placed on the line. For notes that don't have a stem, the rules
1510 are applied using the direction the stem would be if there were a stem.
1511 This parameter has no effect on
1512 <A HREF="param.html#stlines">5-line staffs</A>
1514 <A HREF="tabstaff.html">tablature staffs.</A>
1515 Notes for voice 3 are always placed on the line on 1-line staffs,
1516 regardless of the value of this parameter.
1521 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1527 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1530 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1531 <A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines</A>
1535 <A NAME="packexp">packexp</A>
1537 sets note expansion factor. This factor controls spacing of notes relative
1538 to their time values. If set to 1.0, Mup will try to give a half note twice
1539 as much space as a quarter note, a whole note twice as much as a half note,
1540 etc. If set to 0.0, a chord's time value will have no impact on its placement.
1541 Intermediate values will cause relative spacing
1542 between the two extremes. Note that individual chords may get more space
1543 than they would theoretically "deserve" if they happen to need extra space
1544 to accommodate accidentals, dots, etc.
1547 a number from 0.0 to 1.0 inclusive
1549 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1555 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1558 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1559 <A HREF="param.html#packfact">packfact,</A>
1560 <A HREF="param.html#pad">pad</A>
1564 <A NAME="packfact">packfact</A>
1566 specifies how tightly to pack notes together on output. The smaller
1567 the value, the more tightly notes are packed together.
1570 a number from 0.0 to 10.0
1572 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1578 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1581 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1582 <A HREF="param.html#packexp">packexp,</A>
1583 <A HREF="param.html#pad">pad</A>
1587 <A NAME="pad">pad</A>
1589 specifies the amount of padding to be added to notes.
1590 This can be used to control how tightly things are packed together.
1592 <A HREF="param.html#packexp">packexp</A>
1594 <A HREF="param.html#packfact">packfact</A>
1595 are very small, notes can get placed very close together.
1596 This parameter can be used to always force a minimum amount of space
1597 between horizontally adjacent note groups.
1598 A value of zero means notes will be allowed to just touch.
1599 More positive values cause more space around notes.
1600 A negative value will let things
1601 actually overlap, so most people will probably never want to use a
1602 negative value, but the option is there if you want to do something unusual.
1603 This parameter works somewhat like
1604 <A HREF="chrdattr.html#pad">the "pad" value that can be specified for individual note groups,</A>
1605 except that it applies to all groups.
1608 a floating point number of stepsizes, -5.0 to 50.0
1610 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1616 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1619 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1620 <A HREF="param.html#packexp">packexp,</A>
1621 <A HREF="param.html#packfact">packfact</A>
1625 <A NAME="pgheight">pageheight</A>
1627 Set the page height. If the
1628 <A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
1629 is inches, the value of pageheight is given in inches,
1630 or if the units parameter is cm, it is given in centimeters.
1631 This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1633 <A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
1634 and pageheight parameters are set to values that match
1635 a standard paper size in landscape mode, the Mup output will be rotated
1636 to print properly in landscape mode.
1639 2.0 to 24.0 inches or 5.0 to 61.0 cm
1641 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1647 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1650 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1651 <A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth,</A>
1652 <A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin</A>
1653 <A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin,</A>
1654 <A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
1658 <A NAME="pgsize">pagesize</A>
1660 Set the page size. This is just an alternate way of specifying
1661 <A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight</A>
1663 <A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
1664 using the common names for paper sizes rather than specifying in
1665 <A HREF="param.html#units">inches or cm.</A>
1666 An orientation (portrait or landscape) can also be specified;
1667 the default is portrait.
1668 This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1671 letter, legal, flsa, halfletter, a4, a5, a6; optionally followed by
1672 portrait or landscape.
1674 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1680 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1683 pagesize = legal landscape
1685 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1686 <A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight,</A>
1687 <A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth,</A>
1688 <A HREF="param.html#panels">panelsperpage</A>
1692 <A NAME="pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
1694 Set the page width. If the
1695 <A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
1696 is inches, the value of pagewidth is given in inches,
1697 or if the units parameter is cm, it is given in centimeters.
1698 This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1699 If the pagewidth and
1700 <A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight</A>
1701 parameters are set to values that match
1702 a standard paper size in landscape mode, the Mup output will be rotated
1703 to print properly in landscape mode.
1706 2.0 to 24.0 inches or 5.0 to 61.0 cm
1708 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1714 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1717 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1718 <A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight,</A>
1719 <A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin,</A>
1720 <A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin,</A>
1721 <A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
1725 <A NAME="panels">panelsperpage</A>
1727 Specifies how many pages of music to print on each physical page.
1728 This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1730 <A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight</A>
1732 <A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
1733 parameters still apply to the physical paper size viewed in portrait mode,
1734 even when the panelsperpage value causes the printing to be landscape mode,
1735 so you should continue to leave those set as you normally would.
1737 <A HREF="cmdargs.html#ooption">-o command line option</A>
1738 may be useful for getting pages printed in desired order.
1739 For example, to make a 4-page booklet from a single sheet of paper
1740 folded in half, you can use panelsperpage=2, then use -o4,1 to print one side
1741 of the paper, and -o2,3 to print the other side.
1746 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1752 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1755 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1756 <A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight,</A>
1757 <A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
1761 <A NAME="pedstyle">pedstyle</A>
1763 Specifies whether to display
1764 <A HREF="pedal.html">piano pedal marks</A>
1765 with lines or with the word "Ped" and "*".
1766 With the "pedstar" style, a "bounce" of the pedal is shown by a "* Ped"
1767 whereas with the "alt pedstar" style, only a "Ped" is printed.
1770 line, pedstar, or alt pedstar
1772 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1778 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1783 <A NAME="prmultn">printmultnum</A>
1786 <A HREF="multirst.html">multirests</A>
1787 are labeled with the number of measures of rest they represent;
1788 if set to 'n' they aren't.
1789 This would allow you to print some other commentary in place of the
1790 number, print it in a different style, etc.
1795 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1801 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1806 <A NAME="rehstyle">rehstyle</A>
1808 Specifies whether to enclose
1809 <A HREF="bars.html#reh">rehearsal marks</A>
1810 inside box, inside a circle, or just as plain text.
1813 boxed, circled, or plain
1815 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1821 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1824 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1825 <A HREF="param.html#endingst">endingstyle</A>
1829 <A NAME="release">release</A>
1831 Specifies how soon (in milliseconds) before the full time value of note
1832 to release the note when generating
1833 <A HREF="midi.html">MIDI output.</A>
1834 This controls how legato (smooth) the music is.
1835 A value of 0 will make it very legato. The larger the value, the
1836 more detached notes will be. This parameter specifies a
1837 maximum amount to shorten notes; a note will never be shortened
1838 to less than 75% of its full value.
1839 release can be changed in
1840 <A HREF="midmeas.html">the middle of a measure</A>
1841 using a construct like <<score release=50>> before a note group.
1846 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1852 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1857 <A NAME="restcomb">restcombine</A>
1859 If the given number of measures of rest occur in a row,
1860 they will be replaced by a
1861 <A HREF="multirst.html">multirest.</A>
1862 This parameter can be overridden by the
1863 -c command line option.
1865 <A HREF="cmdargs.html#coption">description of the -c option</A>
1866 for more complete information on how the combining is done.
1869 2 to 1000 or nothing
1871 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1877 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1880 restcombine = // turn off combining
1884 <A NAME="restsymm">restsymmult</A>
1886 Multi-rests are normally drawn as a horizontal line on the middle line
1887 of the staff, with two vertical lines at the end. But there is an
1888 alternate notation style that uses rest symbols (whole, double whole,
1889 and quad whole) when the number of measures is short.
1890 If this parameter is set to y, that alternate style will be used for
1891 multirests of eight measures or less.
1896 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1902 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1905 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1906 <A HREF="param.html#prmultn">printmultnum</A>
1910 <A NAME="rightmar">rightmargin</A>
1912 sets the amount of white space margin to put at the right side of each page.
1913 It is specified in inches if the
1914 <A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
1915 is set to inches, or in centimeters if the units parameter is set to cm.
1916 This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1917 Margins are unaffected by
1918 <A HREF="param.html#scale">the "scale" parameter.</A>
1921 0.0 to pagewidth minus 0.5 inches
1923 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1929 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1932 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1933 <A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin,</A>
1934 <A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin,</A>
1935 <A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin,</A>
1936 <A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth,</A>
1937 <A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
1941 <A NAME="scale">scale</A>
1943 Scale the printed output by the specified factor. For example,
1944 scale=2 prints everything twice as large as normal, while scale=0.5
1945 prints everything at half size.
1946 This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
1949 A number between 0.1 and 10.0
1951 <P><B>Default value: </B>
1957 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
1960 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
1961 <A HREF="param.html#packfact">packfact,</A>
1962 <A HREF="param.html#packexp">packexp,</A>
1963 <A HREF="param.html#stscale">staffscale</A>
1967 <A NAME="scorepad">scorepad</A>
1969 sets the amount of padding (white space) to leave between scores,
1970 accounting for all the things that protrude from both scores.
1971 Either a single number, giving a minimum
1972 amount, or two numbers, giving a minimum and maximum,
1973 can be specified. They are specified in stepsizes.
1974 If only the minimum is specified, and it is larger than the default
1975 maximum of 2, the maximum will be adjusted to equal the minimum.
1976 Depending on the setting of the
1977 <A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep parameter,</A>
1978 the maximum may be exceeded; see the description of
1979 scoresep for how these parameters interact to determine the placement
1981 If a negative value is specified for scorepad, some overlap may occur,
1982 (subject to the interaction with scoresep).
1983 Specifying a negative value may be particularly useful when things
1984 protrude downward from the top score and upward from the bottom score,
1985 but at different places horizontally, such that it is actually safe
1986 to put the scores closer together without collision, even though Mup
1987 can't tell that it is safe.
1988 Note, however, that this overrides Mup's protection against real
1989 collisions, so this must be used with care to avoid undesired overlaps.
1992 one or two whole numbers, in the range from
1993 negative the height of the page and the height of a page, in stepsizes.
1994 If there are two numbers, they are separated by a comma, and the second
1995 must be greater than or equal to the first.
1997 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2003 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2010 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2011 <A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep,</A>
2012 <A HREF="param.html#staffpad">staffpad,</A>
2013 <A HREF="param.html#staffsep">staffsep</A>
2017 <A NAME="scoresep">scoresep</A>
2019 sets how much space to leave between scores;
2020 i.e., between the bottom line of the
2021 bottom staff of one score and the top line of the top staff of the
2022 following score. Either a single number, giving a minimum
2023 amount, or two numbers, giving a minimum and maximum,
2024 can be specified. They are specified in stepsizes.
2025 If only the minimum is specified, and it is larger than the default
2026 maximum of 20, the maximum will be adjusted to equal the minimum.
2027 Depending on the setting of the
2028 <A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad parameter,</A>
2029 the maximum may be exceeded.
2030 The parameters interact as follows in determining the layout of a page:
2031 As many scores are allocated to the page as will fit (or until
2032 <A HREF="newscore.html">a "newpage" command</A>
2033 is encountered). Initially, they are packed together
2034 as tightly as they can be without violating
2035 the minimum values of scorepad and scoresep between any neighboring scores.
2036 Next, if there is extra space available at the bottom of the page,
2037 the scores are spread out, increasing the white space between them, but
2038 not increasing any beyond the maximum scorepad value.
2039 (Some may however already be beyond the maximum scorepad value, because
2040 the minimum scoresep value required it.)
2041 This spreading is done without regard for the maximum scoresep value.
2042 If any of the inter-score gaps start narrower than others
2043 (because of the minimum scoresep), they are increased first, in an
2044 attempt to even out the differences.
2045 If the maximum scorepad value is reached or exceeded between all the scores,
2046 and there is still extra space available at the bottom of the page,
2047 then the scores are spread out some more, increasing the white space between
2048 them, this time ignoring the scorepad values, but not increasing any
2049 beyond the maximum scoresep value.
2050 (Some may however already be beyond the maximum scoresep value, because
2051 of the previous steps.)
2052 If still not all the space is used up, it remains as extra space at the
2056 one or two whole numbers, in the range from 6
2057 to the height of the page in stepsizes.
2058 If there are two numbers, they are separated by a comma, and the second
2059 must be greater than or equal to the first.
2061 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2067 <P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2072 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2073 <A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
2074 <A HREF="param.html#staffpad">staffpad,</A>
2075 <A HREF="param.html#staffsep">staffsep</A>
2079 <A NAME="size">size</A>
2081 specifies what point size to use for text in
2082 <A HREF="prnttext.html">print, title, left, right, and center statements,</A>
2084 <A HREF="chrdattr.html#withlist">"with" lists (i.e., strings that are associated with a particular chord).</A>
2087 a number from 1 to 100 inclusive
2089 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2093 score, staff, header, footer, header2, footer2, top, bottom, top2, bottom2, block
2095 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2098 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2099 <A HREF="param.html#font">font,</A>
2100 <A HREF="param.html#fontfam">fontfamily,</A>
2101 <A HREF="param.html#lyrsize">lyricssize</A>
2105 <A NAME="stlines">stafflines</A>
2107 specifies how many lines to draw for the staff. Normally, there are 5 lines
2108 per staff, but a single line staff is sometimes used for percussion,
2109 and tablature staffs for various instruments
2110 may have different numbers of lines.
2111 Setting this parameter to 1 will produce a single line staff.
2112 The number of lines can be followed by "n" to indicate that
2113 <A HREF="param.html#clef">clef</A>
2115 <A HREF="param.html#key">key signature</A>
2116 are not to be printed. The "n" also implies that accidentals are to
2117 be ignored and that notes are never to be transposed.
2118 If the number of lines is 1, the clef and
2119 key signature are never printed,
2120 regardless of whether or not you add the "n," so the "n" is really only
2121 meaningful when used with 5. When stafflines=1, you can only have one note
2122 per chord, and the pitch of that note is irrelevant, except for
2123 <A HREF="midi.html">MIDI output.</A>
2124 Alternately, rather than specifying "n" you can specify "drum" which
2125 means to use the drum clef (also sometimes called the "neutral" clef).
2126 With the drum clef, no key signature is printed, accidentals are
2127 ignored, and notes are never transposed. The value used for the
2128 <A HREF="param.html#clef">clef parameter</A>
2129 is used to determine the pitch for placement of notes in this case,
2130 but the drum clef of two vertical lines is printed.
2131 For a tablature staff, rather than specifying a number of staff lines as the
2132 value, the keyword "tab" is used, optionally followed by a list of strings
2133 in parentheses. The strings are listed in order from the top line of the
2134 tablature staff to the bottom.
2135 Each item in the list has at least a string pitch, which is
2136 a letter from a to g, optionally followed by # or &. If there is more than
2137 one string having the same letter/accidental, they are distinguished by
2138 adding one or more single quote marks ("ticks"). An octave number can also
2140 If the list of strings is omitted, standard guitar strings are used,
2141 which is tab( e5 b4 g4 d4 a3 e'3 ).
2142 Tablature can only be specified in staff context, not score or voice, and
2143 when a tablature staff is specified, the staff above it becomes a "tabnote"
2144 staff which is a normal 5-line staff containing music derived from the
2148 1 or 5, optionally followed by "n" or "drum";
2149 or for tablature staff, the keyword "tab" optionally followed by a
2150 list of strings, in parentheses.
2151 Setting the stafflines parameter will also reinitialize other parameters:
2152 <A HREF="param.html#key">key,</A>
2153 <A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose,</A>
2154 <A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose,</A>
2155 <A HREF="param.html#clef">clef,</A>
2156 <A HREF="param.html#beamstyl">beamstyle,</A>
2158 <A HREF="param.html#defoct">defoct.</A>
2160 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2166 <P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2171 stafflines = tab // standard guitar tablature staff
2173 stafflines = tab ( g3 d3 a2 e2 ) // standard bass guitar
2175 stafflines = tab (d# g b3 g'3)
2177 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2178 <A HREF="param.html#clef">clef,</A>
2179 <A HREF="param.html#key">key,</A>
2180 <A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose,</A>
2181 <A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose</A>
2185 <A NAME="staffpad">staffpad</A>
2187 sets the minimum amount of space to leave between staffs,
2188 accounting for all the things that protrude from both staffs.
2189 If a negative value is specified, some overlap may occur, although
2190 it will still be limited by the value of the
2191 <A HREF="param.html#staffsep">staffsep parameter.</A>
2192 Specifying a negative value may be particularly useful when things
2193 protrude downward from the top staff and upward from the bottom staff,
2194 but at different places horizontally, such that it is actually safe
2195 to put the staffs closer together without collision, even though Mup
2196 can't tell that it is safe.
2197 Note, however, that this overrides Mup's protection against real
2198 collisions, so this must be used with care to avoid undesired overlaps.
2201 a whole number between negative the height of the page
2202 and the height of a page, in stepsizes.
2204 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2210 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2213 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2214 <A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
2215 <A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep,</A>
2216 <A HREF="param.html#staffsep">staffsep</A>
2220 <A NAME="staffs">staffs</A>
2222 specifies the number of staffs. It is possible that not all of these staffs
2223 will be printed (see
2224 <A HREF="param.html#visible">the "visible" parameter</A>
2226 <A HREF="cmdargs.html#soption">the -s command line argument).</A>
2228 of staffs causes all parameters that had been
2229 set in staff and voice context to be set back to their default values.
2230 It is usually preferable to only set the staff parameter once at the beginning
2232 <A HREF="param.html#visible">the "visible" parameter</A>
2233 when you want to change which staffs are actually printed,
2234 rather than changing the number of staffs.
2237 a number between 1 and 40 inclusive.
2239 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2245 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2248 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2249 <A HREF="param.html#visible">visible</A>
2253 <A NAME="stscale">staffscale</A>
2255 Specifies how to scale the size of a staff relative to the size of other
2256 staffs. A value of 1.0 yields the normal size, whereas 0.5 yields a staff
2257 that is half as high, and 2.0 one that is twice as high as normal,
2258 and so forth. This might be used, for example, for a piece written for
2259 two instruments, say piano and violin, where you want the piano part to
2260 be written in normal size, but want to show the violin part in smaller
2261 size, such that while the pianist will have the violin part available
2262 for reference, it won't take up a lot of space.
2263 Another possible use is to set staffscale in score context, to make
2264 all staff-related things a different size, but leave other things, like
2265 <A HREF="headfoot.html">headers and footers,</A>
2271 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2277 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2280 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2281 <A HREF="param.html#scale">scale</A>
2285 <A NAME="staffsep">staffsep</A>
2287 specifies the minimum amount of space to leave between
2288 any two adjacent staffs within the same score. It is specified in stepsizes,
2289 and is measured from the bottom line of the staff above to the top line
2290 of the staff below. Staffs will be spread
2291 wider than this minimum if necessary to prevent things from colliding.
2294 a number from 6 to the height of the page in stepsizes
2296 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2302 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2305 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2306 <A HREF="param.html#scorepad">scorepad,</A>
2307 <A HREF="param.html#scoresep">scoresep,</A>
2308 <A HREF="param.html#staffpad">staffpad</A>
2312 <A NAME="stemlen">stemlen</A>
2314 Specifies how long stems should be, in stepsizes.
2315 This is for normal-sized chords; grace or cue size chords
2316 will gets stems that are 5/7 of this length.
2317 This length can be overridden on specific chords using
2318 <A HREF="chrdattr.html#stemlen">the len attribute in backets before the chord.</A>
2323 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2329 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2330 stemlen = 0 // to make all notes stemless
2334 <A NAME="sshorten">stemshorten</A>
2336 On beamed chords, Mup will sometimes shorten stems slightly.
2337 This parameter lets you control the maximum amount of shortening that
2338 will ever be done. It is specified in stepsizes.
2343 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2349 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2350 stemshorten = 0 // never shorten any stems
2354 <A NAME="swing">swingunit</A>
2356 This parameter only affects
2357 <A HREF="midi.html">MIDI output.</A>
2358 Some styles of music are often
2359 written in "swing time," meaning the
2360 players are expected to play pairs of notes with the first twice
2361 as long as the second, even though they are written as if they were the
2362 same duration, or as if the first was three times as long as the second.
2363 The most common example would be where the written notation shows
2364 two eighth notes like 8;; or a dotted rhythm like 8.;16;
2365 but the musician "knows" that the composer really intended it
2366 to be played as if it were a triplet {4;8;}3;
2367 This parameter adjusts the Mup MIDI output
2368 to follow this performance convention.
2369 If this parameter is set,
2370 each measure is divided into segments of durations of "swingunit," starting
2371 at the beginning. (Usually the
2372 <A HREF="param.html#time">time signature</A>
2373 divided by swingunit
2374 will be an integer, but if not, the last piece will be shorter.)
2375 Then within each segment, the time where one group ends
2376 and the next group starts will be
2377 altered in either of these two circumstances:
2378 (1) The current boundary time is halfway into a swingunit, and
2379 each group is at least half a swingunit long, or
2380 (2) The current boundary time is 3/4 of the way into a swingunit,
2381 and the first group is at least 3/4 of a swingunit long, and
2382 the second group is at least 1/4 of a swingunit long.
2383 In both of these cases, the durations are altered so that the
2384 meeting point is 2/3 of the way into the swingunit.
2387 A time value, like 2, 4, or 8, or not set to anything.
2388 It can be a dotted value like 2. or 16.. although dotted values
2389 are rarely likely to be useful.
2390 It can even be a time expression like 2.-32 although that is even
2391 less likely to be useful.
2393 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2399 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2402 swingunit = // turn off swing
2404 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2405 <A HREF="param.html#timeunit">timeunit</A>
2409 <A NAME="sylpos">sylposition</A>
2411 A | can be used in lyrics at the beginning of a syllable (after
2412 anything in angle brackets) to indicate syllable alignment.
2413 This will override the
2414 <A HREF="param.html#lyralign">lyricsalign parameter,</A>
2415 and may be useful for aligning verse numbers or to make syllables at
2416 the beginning of poetic lines line up.
2417 If the | is not preceded by a number, the sylposition parameter specifies the
2418 default alignment value to use. It is the number of points (1 point
2419 is 1/72 of an inch) from the horizontal "middle" of the chord to place the
2420 left edge of the syllable. Negative values are to the left of the middle,
2421 positive to the right, so this value is usually negative.
2426 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2432 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2435 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2436 <A HREF="param.html#lyralign">lyricsalign</A>
2440 <A NAME="tabwhite">tabwhitebox</A>
2442 says whether or not to put a small white box behind each fret number on
2443 <A HREF="tabstaff.html">tablature staffs.</A>
2444 This may make the music a little easier to read, since the staff lines
2445 won't be going through the middle of the fret numbers.
2448 <B>y</B> or <B>n</B>
2450 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2456 <P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2459 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2460 <A HREF="param.html#stlines">stafflines</A>
2464 <A NAME="time">time</A>
2466 sets the time signature. Music data for each measure is checked to ensure
2467 that the total time in the measure for each voice and verse
2468 adds up to exactly the time signature. Setting the time parameter will
2470 <A HREF="param.html#timeunit">the timeunit parameter</A>
2472 <A HREF="param.html#beamstyl">the beamstyle parameter</A>
2473 to their most recent values for the same time signature
2474 (which would be their default values if they had never been explicitly
2475 set for this time signature).
2478 either a ratio of the form <I>N/D</I> or the word "cut" or "common." If the ratio
2479 form is used, <I>N</I> must be between 1 and 99 inclusive,
2480 and <I>D</I> must be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64.
2481 The numerator of the time signature can be the sum of several numbers,
2482 as in 3+4/4 or 2+3+2/2. You can also have several fractions added
2483 together, as in 3/4 + 4/4. It is also possible to provide "alternating"
2484 time signatures, where you list two (or more, although two is typical)
2485 time signatures separated by white space. Each measure then uses
2486 the next time signature in the list. For example, for
2487 3/4 4/4, the first measure would be in 3/4 time, the second measure in 4/4,
2488 the third back in 3/4, the fourth in 4/4, and so forth.
2489 It is possible to combine all the various complexities,
2490 with things like 3+4/8 + 2+3/4 4+3/4 although that would be very uncommon.
2491 The time signature can optionally be followed by the
2492 letter n to specify that the time signature is not to be printed.
2493 Or it can be followed by the letter y, which causes
2494 alternating time signatures to be treated differently.
2495 By default, the alternating signature are printed just once, as a list,
2496 and the performer has to remember
2497 that each subsequent measure has a different time signature.
2498 Using y forces Mup to print the appropriate time signature on each measure.
2500 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2506 <P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2513 time = 2+3+4 / 8 // additive numerator
2515 time = 3/4 + 4/4 // fractions added together
2517 time = 4/4 3/4 // alternating
2519 time = 3/4 6/8 y // alternating, printing time sig on every measure
2521 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2522 <A HREF="param.html#timeunit">timeunit</A>
2526 <A NAME="timeunit">timeunit</A>
2528 sets the default time unit. If the first note of a measure has no time
2529 value specified, the value of the timeunit parameter will be used.
2531 <A HREF="param.html#time">time signature</A>
2532 is changed, the timeunit parameter reverts back
2533 to its previous value for that time signature, which defaults to the
2534 value of the denominator (bottom number) of the new time signature.
2537 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256
2538 representing quadruple whole, double whole, whole, half,
2539 quarter, eighth, sixteenth, thirty-second,
2540 sixty-fourth, 128th, or 256th,
2541 followed by zero or more dots. Each dot adds 50% of the previous note or dot
2543 It can also be a time expression, like 2+8 or 1-4+16.
2544 The time value must be less than or equal to
2546 The timeunit value can be reinitialized indirectly by setting
2547 <A HREF="param.html#time">the time parameter.</A>
2548 Setting the time parameter will set the timeunit to the value
2549 used most recently for that time signature.
2551 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2552 The denominator (bottom number) of the time signature
2557 <P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2564 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2565 <A HREF="param.html#swing">swingunit,</A>
2566 <A HREF="param.html#time">time</A>
2570 <A NAME="topmar">topmargin</A>
2572 sets the amount of white space margin to put at the top of each page.
2573 It is specified in inches if the
2574 <A HREF="param.html#units">units parameter</A>
2575 is set to inches, or in centimeters if the units parameter is set to cm.
2576 This parameter can only be specified before any music or block input.
2577 Margins are unaffected by
2578 <A HREF="param.html#scale">the "scale" parameter.</A>
2581 0.0 to pageheight minus 0.5 inches
2583 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2589 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2592 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2593 <A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin,</A>
2594 <A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin,</A>
2595 <A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin,</A>
2596 <A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight,</A>
2597 <A HREF="param.html#units">units</A>
2601 <A NAME="xpose">transpose</A>
2603 specify by what interval to transpose the music data. The interval can be
2604 larger than an octave, but must be a valid interval (e.g., there is no
2605 such thing as a perfect 6th). It is an error to specify a transposition value
2606 which would result in a key signature with more than 7 flats or sharps.
2607 It is also an error if transposition would result in a note requiring a
2608 triple sharp or triple flat.
2611 the word "up" or "down," followed by an interval and a whole number greater than 0.
2612 The interval is one of major, minor, augmented, diminished, or perfect.
2613 The intervals can be abbreviated to their first 3 letters (maj,
2614 min, aug, dim, or per).
2616 <A HREF="trnspose.html">section on transposition</A>
2617 lists transposition intervals and gives further details.
2618 Depending on which key signature you are
2619 transposing from, some transposition intervals may not work because they
2620 result in more than 7 flats or sharps.
2621 There is also another parameter called
2622 <A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose.</A>
2623 Typically you would use the transpose parameter to change the key of
2624 individual staffs (for transposing instruments), and then use the
2625 addtranspose parameter if you want to change the key of the entire score.
2626 But either of these parameters can be used either way.
2627 In any case, for each staff, and for the score, the values of
2628 transpose and addtranspose are "added" to find the transposition
2629 for that staff or score.
2631 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2632 up perfect 1 (i.e., no transposition)
2637 <P><B>Examples:</B><BR>
2638 transpose = up minor 3
2640 transpose = down perfect 4
2642 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2643 <A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose,</A>
2644 <A HREF="param.html#key">key</A>
2648 <A NAME="units">units</A>
2650 Specifies whether margin and page size parameters are specified
2651 in inches or in centimeters.
2656 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2662 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2665 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2666 <A HREF="param.html#topmar">topmargin,</A>
2667 <A HREF="param.html#botmar">bottommargin</A>
2668 <A HREF="param.html#leftmar">leftmargin,</A>
2669 <A HREF="param.html#rightmar">rightmargin,</A>
2670 <A HREF="param.html#pgheight">pageheight,</A>
2671 <A HREF="param.html#pgwidth">pagewidth</A>
2675 <A NAME="vcombine">vcombine</A>
2677 This parameter tells Mup to combine the specified
2678 voices onto a single stem whenever possible.
2679 One common use would be if you want multiple voices for
2680 <A HREF="midi.html">MIDI</A>
2681 purposes, but want them printed on the same stems.
2682 Another typical use would be to obtain a printing style common for hymns
2683 and certain other styles of music, where the two voices on each staff are
2684 printed on one common stem whenever possible, but when a note
2685 is shared between two voices, two opposing stems are used to make it clear the
2686 note is indeed shared.
2687 The value of this parameter is a list of voices plus an optional qualifier.
2688 The list format is like elsewhere for voices; common examples would be
2689 <TT>1,2</TT> or <TT>1-3</TT> or <TT>2-3</TT>.
2690 Order of voices is significant: sometimes Mup may have to choose between
2691 two possible combinations, so voices listed first get priority.
2692 The list of voices can be followed by a qualifier to specify what
2693 happens when voices overlap. If the qualifier is "nooverlap,"
2694 voices will only be combined if the bottom note of the higher voice
2695 is higher than the top note of the lower voice.
2696 (That is the typical value for getting the hymn style described above.)
2697 If the qualifier is "shareone" the bottom note of the top voice must be
2698 no lower than than top note of the lower voice for combining to occur.
2699 If the qualifier is "overlap," combining will occur without regard for
2700 how the voices overlap. For the purpose of the qualifier, voice 1 is assumed
2701 to be the highest voice, voice 3 the middle voice, and voice 2 the lowest.
2702 If no qualifier is specified, the default is nooverlap. While the vcombine
2703 parameter is allowed to be used with any
2704 <A HREF="param.html#vscheme">vscheme parameter</A>
2705 value, using it with vscheme=1 is pointless, and only
2706 vscheme values of 2f and 3f are really appropriate.
2707 This parameters can be used with both voice-at-a-time and chord-at-a-time
2708 input styles. It has no effect on tablature or 1-line staffs.
2709 Note that there are various cases where combining will not be done, such
2710 as when time values or beamings are different in different voices, and cases
2711 where combining would cause information loss, such as when a shared note is
2712 tied in one voice but not another. In such cases,
2713 the usual non-combined format will be used.
2716 comma-separated list of voices or voice ranges, or nothing,
2717 optionally followed by nooverlap, shareone, or overlap.
2719 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2725 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2726 vcombine=3,1-2 shareone
2728 vcombine= // turn off combining
2730 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2731 <A HREF="param.html#vscheme">vscheme</A>
2735 <A NAME="visible">visible</A>
2737 specifies whether a staff or voice is actually to be printed.
2738 This can be useful for
2739 printing a subset of a full score. The value is either y or n, for yes or no,
2740 or whereused. When whereused is specified,
2741 if a staff has no notes or lyrics or other associated things on an entire score,
2742 that staff is not printed. This might be used, for example,
2743 to save paper on an orchestral score by only printing staffs for
2744 instruments when they are actually playing.
2745 At least one staff must be visible at all times.
2746 When an individual voice is made invisible, but the other voice(s) on that staff
2747 remain visible, all the
2748 <A HREF="stuff.html">tempo, dynamics, and similar marks</A>
2749 associated with the staff will still be printed, since Mup cannot know for sure
2750 whether you meant them to be associated with
2751 a particular voice or with the staff as a whole.
2753 <A HREF="midi.html">MIDI output</A>
2754 is generated, this parameter controls whether the staff or voice
2755 is audible, so you can control which voices are played.
2756 <A HREF="cmdargs.html#soption">The -s command line argument can also be used</A>
2757 to control which staffs are printed or played.
2762 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2768 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2771 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2772 <A HREF="param.html#brace">brace,</A>
2773 <A HREF="param.html#bracket">bracket,</A>
2774 <A HREF="param.html#endingst">endingstyle,</A>
2775 <A HREF="param.html#staffs">staffs</A>
2779 <A NAME="vscheme">vscheme</A>
2781 sets voice scheme. A value of 1 means there is only a single voice on a
2782 staff. The direction of note stems will be determined based on how high
2783 or low the notes are on the staff. A value of 2o means there are two voices
2784 with "opposing" stems. In other words, the stems of voice 1 will always
2785 point upward, and the stems of voice 2 will always point downward,
2787 <A HREF="chrdattr.html#stemdir">explicitly forced</A>
2789 value of 2f means there are two voices with "free" or "floating" stems.
2790 That means in places where there are notes or rests in both
2791 voices, stem directions will be as if 2o were set. However, if one of the
2792 voices has "space" where there are no notes or rests, the stem directions of the
2793 other voice will be determined as if there were only a single voice.
2794 2o is useful if you want to force stem directions a certain way. 2f is
2795 generally preferable when there are two voices only part of the time.
2796 The values 3o and 3f are like 2o and 2f except that a third voice is
2797 allowed. The third voice's stem defaults to up,
2798 but the direction can be changed at any chord. The
2799 <A HREF="chrdattr.html#stemdir">stem direction</A>
2800 remains in effect on subsequent chords of voice 3 until explicitly changed.
2801 While there can be voice crossings, in general voice 1 should be the "top"
2802 voice, voice 2 the "bottom" voice, and voice 3 the "middle" or "extra" voice.
2803 Mup does not use voice 3 when associating things like phrase marks and
2805 Setting vscheme to a different number of voices
2806 will reinitialize all voice level parameters for the
2810 1, 2o, 2f, 3o, or 3f
2812 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2818 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
2821 <P><B>Related parameters: </B>
2822 <A HREF="param.html#vcombine">vcombine</A>
2826 <A NAME="warn">warn</A>
2828 specifies whether to print warning messages or not.
2829 Normally, Mup will print warnings when it encounters input that
2830 it considers somewhat dubious. Sometimes, however, that input will really
2831 be what you want, so this parameter allows you to turn off warning messages.
2836 <P><B>Default value: </B>
2842 <P><B>Example:</B><BR>
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