3 * Barrett modular reduction
5 * (c) 1999 Straylight/Edgeware
8 /*----- Licensing notice --------------------------------------------------*
10 * This file is part of Catacomb.
12 * Catacomb is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
13 * it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
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17 * Catacomb is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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19 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
20 * GNU Library General Public License for more details.
22 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
23 * License along with Catacomb; if not, write to the Free
24 * Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
28 /*----- Notes on Barrett reduction ----------------------------------------*
30 * Barrett reduction is a technique for computing modular residues. Unlike
31 * Montgomery reduction, it doesn't have restrictions on the modulus (except
32 * that it be positive) and doesn't confuse matters by putting an extra
33 * factor all the way through your computation.
35 * It's useful for slightly less heavy-duty work than Montgomery reduction
36 * because the precomputation phase is rather simpler, involving a single
39 * Sometimes it's useful to exponentiate modulo an even number, so there's a
40 * modexp routine provided which uses Barrett reduction rather than
41 * Montgomery reduction. This is handy when you're working on indices in an
42 * even-order cyclic group or something.
44 * In more detail: suppose that %$b^{k-1} \le m < b^k$%. Let %$\mu = {}$%
45 * %$\lfloor b^{2k}/m \rfloor$%; %$\mu$% is a scaled approximation to the
46 * reciprocal %$1/m$%. Now, suppose we're given some %$a$% with
47 * %$0 \le a < b^{2k}$%. The first step is to calculate an approximation
48 * %$q = \lfloor \mu \lfloor a/b^{k-1} \rfloor/b^{k+1} \rfloor$% to the
49 * quotient %$a/m$%. Then we have:
51 * %$\lfloor a/m - a/b^{2k} - b^{k-1}/m + 1/b^{k+1} \rfloor \le {}$%
52 * %$q \le \lfloor a/m \rfloor
54 * But by assumption %$a < b^{2k}$% and %$2^{k-1} \le m$% so
56 * %$\lfloor a/m \rfloor - 2 \le q \le \lfloor a/m \rfloor$%
58 * Now we approximate the remainder by calculating %$r = a - q m$%.
59 * Certainly %$r \equiv a \pmod{m}$%; and
61 * %$0 \le r \le (a - m \lfloor a/m \rfloor) + 2 m < 3 m$%.
63 * So the remainder can be fixed up with at most two conditional
67 #ifndef CATACOMB_MPBARRETT_H
68 #define CATACOMB_MPBARRETT_H
74 /*----- Header files ------------------------------------------------------*/
80 /*----- Data structures ---------------------------------------------------*/
82 typedef struct mpbarrett {
88 /*----- Functions provided ------------------------------------------------*/
90 /* --- @mpbarrett_create@ --- *
92 * Arguments: @mpbarrett *mb@ = pointer to Barrett reduction context
93 * @mp *m@ = modulus to work to
95 * Returns: Zero on success, nonzero on error.
97 * Use: Initializes a Barrett reduction context ready for use.
100 extern int mpbarrett_create(mpbarrett */*mb*/, mp */*m*/);
102 /* --- @mpbarrett_destroy@ --- *
104 * Arguments: @mpbarrett *mb@ = pointer to Barrett reduction context
108 * Use: Destroys a Barrett reduction context releasing any resources
112 extern void mpbarrett_destroy(mpbarrett */*mb*/);
114 /* --- @mpbarrett_reduce@ --- *
116 * Arguments: @const mpbarrett *mb@ = pointer to Barrett reduction context
117 * @mp *d@ = destination for result
118 * @mp *m@ = number to reduce
120 * Returns: The residue of @m@ modulo the number in the reduction
123 * Use: Performs an efficient modular reduction.
126 extern mp *mpbarrett_reduce(const mpbarrett */*mb*/, mp */*d*/, mp */*m*/);
128 /* --- @mpbarrett_exp@ --- *
130 * Arguments: @const mpbarrett *mb@ = pointer to Barrett reduction context
131 * @mp *d@ = fake destination
135 * Returns: Result, %$a^e \bmod m$%.
138 extern mp *mpbarrett_exp(const mpbarrett */*mb*/, mp */*d*/,
139 mp */*a*/, mp */*e*/);
141 /* --- @mpbarrett_mexp@ --- *
143 * Arguments: @const mpbarrett *mb@ = pointer to Barrett reduction context
144 * @mp *d@ = fake destination
145 * @const mp_expfactor *f@ = pointer to array of factors
146 * @size_t n@ = number of factors supplied
148 * Returns: If the bases are %$g_0, g_1, \ldots, g_{n-1}$% and the
149 * exponents are %$e_0, e_1, \ldots, e_{n-1}$% then the result
152 * %$g_0^{e_0} g_1^{e_1} \ldots g_{n-1}^{e_{n-1}} \bmod m$%
155 extern mp *mpbarrett_mexp(const mpbarrett */*mb*/, mp */*d*/,
156 const mp_expfactor */*f*/, size_t /*n*/);
158 /*----- That's all, folks -------------------------------------------------*/