src/systemctl/systemctl.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   Lesser General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  23 #include <stdio.h>
  24 #include <getopt.h>
  25 #include <stdbool.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  29 #include <termios.h>
  30 #include <unistd.h>
  31 #include <fcntl.h>
  32 #include <sys/socket.h>
  33 #include <sys/stat.h>
  34 #include <stddef.h>
  35 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  36 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
  37
  38 #include <systemd/sd-daemon.h>
  39 #include <systemd/sd-shutdown.h>
  40
  41 #include "log.h"
  42 #include "util.h"
  43 #include "macro.h"
  44 #include "set.h"
  45 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
  46 #include "special.h"
  47 #include "initreq.h"
  48 #include "path-util.h"
  49 #include "strv.h"
  50 #include "dbus-common.h"
  51 #include "cgroup-show.h"
  52 #include "cgroup-util.h"
  53 #include "list.h"
  54 #include "path-lookup.h"
  55 #include "conf-parser.h"
  56 #include "exit-status.h"
  57 #include "bus-errors.h"
  58 #include "build.h"
  59 #include "unit-name.h"
  60 #include "pager.h"
  61 #include "spawn-ask-password-agent.h"
  62 #include "spawn-polkit-agent.h"
  63 #include "install.h"
  64 #include "logs-show.h"
  65 #include "path-util.h"
  66 #include "socket-util.h"
  67
  68 static const char *arg_type = NULL;
  69 static const char *arg_load_state = NULL;
  70 static char **arg_property = NULL;
  71 static bool arg_all = false;
  72 static const char *arg_job_mode = "replace";
  73 static UnitFileScope arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
  74 static bool arg_no_block = false;
  75 static bool arg_no_legend = false;
  76 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
  77 static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
  78 static bool arg_no_wall = false;
  79 static bool arg_no_reload = false;
  80 static bool arg_dry = false;
  81 static bool arg_quiet = false;
  82 static bool arg_full = false;
  83 static int arg_force = 0;
  84 static bool arg_ask_password = true;
  85 static bool arg_failed = false;
  86 static bool arg_runtime = false;
  87 static char **arg_wall = NULL;
  88 static const char *arg_kill_who = NULL;
  89 static int arg_signal = SIGTERM;
  90 static const char *arg_root = NULL;
  91 static usec_t arg_when = 0;
  92 static enum action {
  93         ACTION_INVALID,
  94         ACTION_SYSTEMCTL,
  95         ACTION_HALT,
  96         ACTION_POWEROFF,
  97         ACTION_REBOOT,
  98         ACTION_KEXEC,
  99         ACTION_EXIT,
 100         ACTION_SUSPEND,
 101         ACTION_HIBERNATE,
 102         ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
 103         ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
 104         ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
 105         ACTION_RUNLEVEL5,
 106         ACTION_RESCUE,
 107         ACTION_EMERGENCY,
 108         ACTION_DEFAULT,
 109         ACTION_RELOAD,
 110         ACTION_REEXEC,
 111         ACTION_RUNLEVEL,
 112         ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN,
 113         _ACTION_MAX
 114 } arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
 115 static enum dot {
 116         DOT_ALL,
 117         DOT_ORDER,
 118         DOT_REQUIRE
 119 } arg_dot = DOT_ALL;
 120 static enum transport {
 121         TRANSPORT_NORMAL,
 122         TRANSPORT_SSH,
 123         TRANSPORT_POLKIT
 124 } arg_transport = TRANSPORT_NORMAL;
 125 static const char *arg_host = NULL;
 126 static unsigned arg_lines = 10;
 127 static OutputMode arg_output = OUTPUT_SHORT;
 128
 129 static bool private_bus = false;
 130
 131 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args);
 132 static void halt_now(enum action a);
 133
 134 static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
 135
 136         if (arg_no_pager)
 137                 return;
 138
 139         pager_open();
 140 }
 141
 142 static void ask_password_agent_open_if_enabled(void) {
 143
 144         /* Open the password agent as a child process if necessary */
 145
 146         if (!arg_ask_password)
 147                 return;
 148
 149         if (arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM)
 150                 return;
 151
 152         ask_password_agent_open();
 153 }
 154
 155 #ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
 156 static void polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(void) {
 157
 158         /* Open the polkit agent as a child process if necessary */
 159
 160         if (!arg_ask_password)
 161                 return;
 162
 163         if (arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM)
 164                 return;
 165
 166         polkit_agent_open();
 167 }
 168 #endif
 169
 170 static const char *ansi_highlight(bool b) {
 171
 172         if (!on_tty())
 173                 return "";
 174
 175         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 176 }
 177
 178 static const char *ansi_highlight_red(bool b) {
 179
 180         if (!on_tty())
 181                 return "";
 182
 183         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 184 }
 185
 186 static const char *ansi_highlight_green(bool b) {
 187
 188         if (!on_tty())
 189                 return "";
 190
 191         return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 192 }
 193
 194 static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const DBusError *error) {
 195         assert(error);
 196
 197         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
 198                 return r;
 199
 200         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) ||
 201             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_ONLY_BY_DEPENDENCY) ||
 202             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_ISOLATION) ||
 203             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_TRANSACTION_IS_DESTRUCTIVE))
 204                 return EXIT_NOPERMISSION;
 205
 206         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
 207                 return EXIT_NOTINSTALLED;
 208
 209         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_JOB_TYPE_NOT_APPLICABLE) ||
 210             dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED))
 211                 return EXIT_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
 212
 213         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_LOAD_FAILED))
 214                 return EXIT_NOTCONFIGURED;
 215
 216         if (r != 0)
 217                 return r;
 218
 219         return EXIT_FAILURE;
 220 }
 221
 222 static void warn_wall(enum action a) {
 223         static const char *table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
 224                 [ACTION_HALT]            = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
 225                 [ACTION_REBOOT]          = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
 226                 [ACTION_POWEROFF]        = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
 227                 [ACTION_KEXEC]           = "The system is going down for kexec reboot NOW!",
 228                 [ACTION_RESCUE]          = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
 229                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY]       = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!",
 230                 [ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN] = "The system shutdown has been cancelled NOW!"
 231         };
 232
 233         if (arg_no_wall)
 234                 return;
 235
 236         if (arg_wall) {
 237                 char *p;
 238
 239                 p = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
 240                 if (!p) {
 241                         log_error("Failed to join strings.");
 242                         return;
 243                 }
 244
 245                 if (*p) {
 246                         utmp_wall(p, NULL);
 247                         free(p);
 248                         return;
 249                 }
 250
 251                 free(p);
 252         }
 253
 254         if (!table[a])
 255                 return;
 256
 257         utmp_wall(table[a], NULL);
 258 }
 259
 260 static bool avoid_bus(void) {
 261
 262         if (running_in_chroot() > 0)
 263                 return true;
 264
 265         if (sd_booted() <= 0)
 266                 return true;
 267
 268         if (!isempty(arg_root))
 269                 return true;
 270
 271         if (arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL)
 272                 return true;
 273
 274         return false;
 275 }
 276
 277 struct unit_info {
 278         const char *id;
 279         const char *description;
 280         const char *load_state;
 281         const char *active_state;
 282         const char *sub_state;
 283         const char *following;
 284         const char *unit_path;
 285         uint32_t job_id;
 286         const char *job_type;
 287         const char *job_path;
 288 };
 289
 290 static int compare_unit_info(const void *a, const void *b) {
 291         const char *d1, *d2;
 292         const struct unit_info *u = a, *v = b;
 293
 294         d1 = strrchr(u->id, '.');
 295         d2 = strrchr(v->id, '.');
 296
 297         if (d1 && d2) {
 298                 int r;
 299
 300                 if ((r = strcasecmp(d1, d2)) != 0)
 301                         return r;
 302         }
 303
 304         return strcasecmp(u->id, v->id);
 305 }
 306
 307 static bool output_show_unit(const struct unit_info *u) {
 308         const char *dot;
 309
 310         if (arg_failed)
 311                 return streq(u->active_state, "failed");
 312
 313         return (!arg_type || ((dot = strrchr(u->id, '.')) &&
 314                               streq(dot+1, arg_type))) &&
 315                 (!arg_load_state || streq(u->load_state, arg_load_state)) &&
 316                 (arg_all || !(streq(u->active_state, "inactive")
 317                               || u->following[0]) || u->job_id > 0);
 318 }
 319
 320 static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
 321         unsigned id_len, max_id_len, active_len, sub_len, job_len, desc_len, n_shown = 0;
 322         const struct unit_info *u;
 323
 324         max_id_len = sizeof("UNIT")-1;
 325         active_len = sizeof("ACTIVE")-1;
 326         sub_len = sizeof("SUB")-1;
 327         job_len = sizeof("JOB")-1;
 328         desc_len = 0;
 329
 330         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
 331                 if (!output_show_unit(u))
 332                         continue;
 333
 334                 max_id_len = MAX(max_id_len, strlen(u->id));
 335                 active_len = MAX(active_len, strlen(u->active_state));
 336                 sub_len = MAX(sub_len, strlen(u->sub_state));
 337                 if (u->job_id != 0)
 338                         job_len = MAX(job_len, strlen(u->job_type));
 339         }
 340
 341         if (!arg_full) {
 342                 unsigned basic_len;
 343                 id_len = MIN(max_id_len, 25);
 344                 basic_len = 5 + id_len + 6 + active_len + sub_len + job_len;
 345                 if (basic_len < (unsigned) columns()) {
 346                         unsigned extra_len, incr;
 347                         extra_len = columns() - basic_len;
 348                         /* Either UNIT already got 25, or is fully satisfied.
 349                          * Grant up to 25 to DESC now. */
 350                         incr = MIN(extra_len, 25);
 351                         desc_len += incr;
 352                         extra_len -= incr;
 353                         /* split the remaining space between UNIT and DESC,
 354                          * but do not give UNIT more than it needs. */
 355                         if (extra_len > 0) {
 356                                 incr = MIN(extra_len / 2, max_id_len - id_len);
 357                                 id_len += incr;
 358                                 desc_len += extra_len - incr;
 359                         }
 360                 }
 361         } else
 362                 id_len = max_id_len;
 363
 364         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
 365                 char *e;
 366                 const char *on_loaded, *off_loaded;
 367                 const char *on_active, *off_active;
 368
 369                 if (!output_show_unit(u))
 370                         continue;
 371
 372                 if (!n_shown && !arg_no_legend) {
 373                         printf("%-*s %-6s %-*s %-*s %-*s ", id_len, "UNIT", "LOAD",
 374                                active_len, "ACTIVE", sub_len, "SUB", job_len, "JOB");
 375                         if (!arg_full && arg_no_pager)
 376                                 printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, "DESCRIPTION");
 377                         else
 378                                 printf("%s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
 379                 }
 380
 381                 n_shown++;
 382
 383                 if (streq(u->load_state, "error")) {
 384                         on_loaded = ansi_highlight_red(true);
 385                         off_loaded = ansi_highlight_red(false);
 386                 } else
 387                         on_loaded = off_loaded = "";
 388
 389                 if (streq(u->active_state, "failed")) {
 390                         on_active = ansi_highlight_red(true);
 391                         off_active = ansi_highlight_red(false);
 392                 } else
 393                         on_active = off_active = "";
 394
 395                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(u->id, id_len, 33);
 396
 397                 printf("%-*s %s%-6s%s %s%-*s %-*s%s %-*s ",
 398                        id_len, e ? e : u->id,
 399                        on_loaded, u->load_state, off_loaded,
 400                        on_active, active_len, u->active_state,
 401                        sub_len, u->sub_state, off_active,
 402                        job_len, u->job_id ? u->job_type : "");
 403                 if (!arg_full && arg_no_pager)
 404                         printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, u->description);
 405                 else
 406                         printf("%s\n", u->description);
 407
 408                 free(e);
 409         }
 410
 411         if (!arg_no_legend) {
 412                 const char *on, *off;
 413
 414                 if (n_shown) {
 415                         printf("\nLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
 416                                "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
 417                                "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.\n"
 418                                "JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n\n");
 419                         on = ansi_highlight(true);
 420                         off = ansi_highlight(false);
 421                 } else {
 422                         on = ansi_highlight_red(true);
 423                         off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
 424                 }
 425
 426                 if (arg_all)
 427                         printf("%s%u loaded units listed.%s\n"
 428                                "To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.\n",
 429                                on, n_shown, off);
 430                 else
 431                         printf("%s%u loaded units listed.%s Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.\n"
 432                                "To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.\n",
 433                                on, n_shown, off);
 434         }
 435 }
 436
 437 static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 438         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
 439         int r;
 440         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 441         unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
 442         struct unit_info *unit_infos = NULL;
 443
 444         pager_open_if_enabled();
 445
 446         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
 447                         bus,
 448                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 449                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 450                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 451                         "ListUnits",
 452                         &reply,
 453                         NULL,
 454                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
 455         if (r)
 456                 goto finish;
 457
 458         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 459             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 460             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 461                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 462                 r = -EIO;
 463                 goto finish;
 464         }
 465
 466         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 467
 468         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 469                 struct unit_info *u;
 470
 471                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 472                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 473                         r = -EIO;
 474                         goto finish;
 475                 }
 476
 477                 if (c >= n_units) {
 478                         struct unit_info *w;
 479
 480                         n_units = MAX(2*c, 16);
 481                         w = realloc(unit_infos, sizeof(struct unit_info) * n_units);
 482
 483                         if (!w) {
 484                                 log_error("Failed to allocate unit array.");
 485                                 r = -ENOMEM;
 486                                 goto finish;
 487                         }
 488
 489                         unit_infos = w;
 490                 }
 491
 492                 u = unit_infos+c;
 493
 494                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 495
 496                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->id, true) < 0 ||
 497                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->description, true) < 0 ||
 498                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->load_state, true) < 0 ||
 499                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->active_state, true) < 0 ||
 500                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 501                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->following, true) < 0 ||
 502                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->unit_path, true) < 0 ||
 503                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &u->job_id, true) < 0 ||
 504                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->job_type, true) < 0 ||
 505                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->job_path, false) < 0) {
 506                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 507                         r = -EIO;
 508                         goto finish;
 509                 }
 510
 511                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 512                 c++;
 513         }
 514
 515         if (c > 0) {
 516                 qsort(unit_infos, c, sizeof(struct unit_info), compare_unit_info);
 517                 output_units_list(unit_infos, c);
 518         }
 519
 520 finish:
 521         if (reply)
 522                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 523
 524         free(unit_infos);
 525
 526         return r;
 527 }
 528
 529 static int compare_unit_file_list(const void *a, const void *b) {
 530         const char *d1, *d2;
 531         const UnitFileList *u = a, *v = b;
 532
 533         d1 = strrchr(u->path, '.');
 534         d2 = strrchr(v->path, '.');
 535
 536         if (d1 && d2) {
 537                 int r;
 538
 539                 r = strcasecmp(d1, d2);
 540                 if (r != 0)
 541                         return r;
 542         }
 543
 544         return strcasecmp(path_get_file_name(u->path), path_get_file_name(v->path));
 545 }
 546
 547 static bool output_show_unit_file(const UnitFileList *u) {
 548         const char *dot;
 549
 550         return !arg_type || ((dot = strrchr(u->path, '.')) && streq(dot+1, arg_type));
 551 }
 552
 553 static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
 554         unsigned max_id_len, id_cols, state_cols, n_shown = 0;
 555         const UnitFileList *u;
 556
 557         max_id_len = sizeof("UNIT FILE")-1;
 558         state_cols = sizeof("STATE")-1;
 559         for (u = units; u < units + c; u++) {
 560                 if (!output_show_unit_file(u))
 561                         continue;
 562
 563                 max_id_len = MAX(max_id_len, strlen(path_get_file_name(u->path)));
 564                 state_cols = MAX(state_cols, strlen(unit_file_state_to_string(u->state)));
 565         }
 566
 567         if (!arg_full) {
 568                 unsigned basic_cols;
 569                 id_cols = MIN(max_id_len, 25);
 570                 basic_cols = 1 + id_cols + state_cols;
 571                 if (basic_cols < (unsigned) columns())
 572                         id_cols += MIN(columns() - basic_cols, max_id_len - id_cols);
 573         } else
 574                 id_cols = max_id_len;
 575
 576         if (!arg_no_legend)
 577                 printf("%-*s %-*s\n", id_cols, "UNIT FILE", state_cols, "STATE");
 578
 579         for (u = units; u < units + c; u++) {
 580                 char *e;
 581                 const char *on, *off;
 582                 const char *id;
 583
 584                 if (!output_show_unit_file(u))
 585                         continue;
 586
 587                 n_shown++;
 588
 589                 if (u->state == UNIT_FILE_MASKED ||
 590                     u->state == UNIT_FILE_MASKED_RUNTIME ||
 591                     u->state == UNIT_FILE_DISABLED ||
 592                     u->state == UNIT_FILE_INVALID) {
 593                         on  = ansi_highlight_red(true);
 594                         off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
 595                 } else if (u->state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED) {
 596                         on  = ansi_highlight_green(true);
 597                         off = ansi_highlight_green(false);
 598                 } else
 599                         on = off = "";
 600
 601                 id = path_get_file_name(u->path);
 602
 603                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(id, id_cols, 33);
 604
 605                 printf("%-*s %s%-*s%s\n",
 606                        id_cols, e ? e : id,
 607                        on, state_cols, unit_file_state_to_string(u->state), off);
 608
 609                 free(e);
 610         }
 611
 612         if (!arg_no_legend)
 613                 printf("\n%u unit files listed.\n", n_shown);
 614 }
 615
 616 static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 617         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
 618         int r;
 619         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 620         unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
 621         UnitFileList *units = NULL;
 622
 623         pager_open_if_enabled();
 624
 625         if (avoid_bus()) {
 626                 Hashmap *h;
 627                 UnitFileList *u;
 628                 Iterator i;
 629
 630                 h = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
 631                 if (!h)
 632                         return log_oom();
 633
 634                 r = unit_file_get_list(arg_scope, arg_root, h);
 635                 if (r < 0) {
 636                         unit_file_list_free(h);
 637                         log_error("Failed to get unit file list: %s", strerror(-r));
 638                         return r;
 639                 }
 640
 641                 n_units = hashmap_size(h);
 642                 units = new(UnitFileList, n_units);
 643                 if (!units) {
 644                         unit_file_list_free(h);
 645                         return log_oom();
 646                 }
 647
 648                 HASHMAP_FOREACH(u, h, i) {
 649                         memcpy(units + c++, u, sizeof(UnitFileList));
 650                         free(u);
 651                 }
 652
 653                 hashmap_free(h);
 654         } else {
 655                 r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
 656                                 bus,
 657                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 658                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 659                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 660                                 "ListUnitFiles",
 661                                 &reply,
 662                                 NULL,
 663                                 DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
 664                 if (r)
 665                         goto finish;
 666
 667                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 668                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 669                     dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 670                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 671                         r = -EIO;
 672                         goto finish;
 673                 }
 674
 675                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 676
 677                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 678                         UnitFileList *u;
 679                         const char *state;
 680
 681                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 682                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 683                                 r = -EIO;
 684                                 goto finish;
 685                         }
 686
 687                         if (c >= n_units) {
 688                                 UnitFileList *w;
 689
 690                                 n_units = MAX(2*c, 16);
 691                                 w = realloc(units, sizeof(struct UnitFileList) * n_units);
 692
 693                                 if (!w) {
 694                                         log_error("Failed to allocate unit array.");
 695                                         r = -ENOMEM;
 696                                         goto finish;
 697                                 }
 698
 699                                 units = w;
 700                         }
 701
 702                         u = units+c;
 703
 704                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 705
 706                         if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->path, true) < 0 ||
 707                             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state, false) < 0) {
 708                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 709                                 r = -EIO;
 710                                 goto finish;
 711                         }
 712
 713                         u->state = unit_file_state_from_string(state);
 714
 715                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 716                         c++;
 717                 }
 718         }
 719
 720         if (c > 0) {
 721                 qsort(units, c, sizeof(UnitFileList), compare_unit_file_list);
 722                 output_unit_file_list(units, c);
 723         }
 724
 725         r = 0;
 726
 727 finish:
 728         if (reply)
 729                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 730
 731         free(units);
 732
 733         return r;
 734 }
 735
 736 static int dot_one_property(const char *name, const char *prop, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
 737         static const char * const colors[] = {
 738                 "Requires",              "[color=\"black\"]",
 739                 "RequiresOverridable",   "[color=\"black\"]",
 740                 "Requisite",             "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 741                 "RequisiteOverridable",  "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
 742                 "Wants",                 "[color=\"grey66\"]",
 743                 "Conflicts",             "[color=\"red\"]",
 744                 "ConflictedBy",          "[color=\"red\"]",
 745                 "After",                 "[color=\"green\"]"
 746         };
 747
 748         const char *c = NULL;
 749         unsigned i;
 750
 751         assert(name);
 752         assert(prop);
 753         assert(iter);
 754
 755         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(colors); i += 2)
 756                 if (streq(colors[i], prop)) {
 757                         c = colors[i+1];
 758                         break;
 759                 }
 760
 761         if (!c)
 762                 return 0;
 763
 764         if (arg_dot != DOT_ALL)
 765                 if ((arg_dot == DOT_ORDER) != streq(prop, "After"))
 766                         return 0;
 767
 768         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
 769
 770         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
 771
 772                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
 773                         DBusMessageIter sub;
 774
 775                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
 776
 777                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 778                                 const char *s;
 779
 780                                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
 781                                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
 782                                 printf("\t\"%s\"->\"%s\" %s;\n", name, s, c);
 783
 784                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 785                         }
 786
 787                         return 0;
 788                 }
 789         }
 790
 791         return 0;
 792 }
 793
 794 static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
 795         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
 796         const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit";
 797         int r;
 798         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
 799
 800         assert(path);
 801
 802         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
 803                         bus,
 804                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 805                         path,
 806                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
 807                         "GetAll",
 808                         &reply,
 809                         NULL,
 810                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
 811                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
 812         if (r)
 813                 goto finish;
 814
 815         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 816             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 817             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
 818                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 819                 r = -EIO;
 820                 goto finish;
 821         }
 822
 823         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 824
 825         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 826                 const char *prop;
 827
 828                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
 829                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 830                         r = -EIO;
 831                         goto finish;
 832                 }
 833
 834                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 835
 836                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop, true) < 0) {
 837                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 838                         r = -EIO;
 839                         goto finish;
 840                 }
 841
 842                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
 843                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 844                         r = -EIO;
 845                         goto finish;
 846                 }
 847
 848                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
 849
 850                 if (dot_one_property(name, prop, &sub3)) {
 851                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 852                         r = -EIO;
 853                         goto finish;
 854                 }
 855
 856                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 857         }
 858
 859 finish:
 860         if (reply)
 861                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 862
 863         return r;
 864 }
 865
 866 static int dot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 867         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
 868         int r;
 869         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 870
 871         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
 872                         bus,
 873                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 874                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 875                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 876                         "ListUnits",
 877                         &reply,
 878                         NULL,
 879                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
 880         if (r)
 881                 goto finish;
 882
 883         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 884             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 885             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 886                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 887                 r = -EIO;
 888                 goto finish;
 889         }
 890
 891         printf("digraph systemd {\n");
 892
 893         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 894         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 895                 const char *id, *description, *load_state, *active_state, *sub_state, *following, *unit_path;
 896
 897                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 898                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 899                         r = -EIO;
 900                         goto finish;
 901                 }
 902
 903                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 904
 905                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id, true) < 0 ||
 906                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &description, true) < 0 ||
 907                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &load_state, true) < 0 ||
 908                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &active_state, true) < 0 ||
 909                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 910                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &following, true) < 0 ||
 911                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, true) < 0) {
 912                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 913                         r = -EIO;
 914                         goto finish;
 915                 }
 916
 917                 if ((r = dot_one(bus, id, unit_path)) < 0)
 918                         goto finish;
 919
 920                 /* printf("\t\"%s\";\n", id); */
 921                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 922         }
 923
 924         printf("}\n");
 925
 926         log_info("   Color legend: black     = Requires\n"
 927                  "                 dark blue = Requisite\n"
 928                  "                 dark grey = Wants\n"
 929                  "                 red       = Conflicts\n"
 930                  "                 green     = After\n");
 931
 932         if (on_tty())
 933                 log_notice("-- You probably want to process this output with graphviz' dot tool.\n"
 934                            "-- Try a shell pipeline like 'systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg'!\n");
 935
 936         r = 0;
 937
 938 finish:
 939         if (reply)
 940                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 941
 942         return r;
 943 }
 944
 945 static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 946         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
 947         int r;
 948         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 949         unsigned k = 0;
 950
 951         pager_open_if_enabled();
 952
 953         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
 954                         bus,
 955                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 956                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 957                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 958                         "ListJobs",
 959                         &reply,
 960                         NULL,
 961                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
 962         if (r)
 963                 goto finish;
 964
 965         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 966             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 967             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 968                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 969                 r = -EIO;
 970                 goto finish;
 971         }
 972
 973         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 974
 975         if (on_tty())
 976                 printf("%4s %-25s %-15s %-7s\n", "JOB", "UNIT", "TYPE", "STATE");
 977
 978         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 979                 const char *name, *type, *state, *job_path, *unit_path;
 980                 uint32_t id;
 981                 char *e;
 982
 983                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 984                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 985                         r = -EIO;
 986                         goto finish;
 987                 }
 988
 989                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 990
 991                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id, true) < 0 ||
 992                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0 ||
 993                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) < 0 ||
 994                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state, true) < 0 ||
 995                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, true) < 0 ||
 996                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, false) < 0) {
 997                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 998                         r = -EIO;
 999                         goto finish;
1000                 }
1001
1002                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(name, 25, 33);
1003                 printf("%4u %-25s %-15s %-7s\n", id, e ? e : name, type, state);
1004                 free(e);
1005
1006                 k++;
1007
1008                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1009         }
1010
1011         if (on_tty())
1012                 printf("\n%u jobs listed.\n", k);
1013
1014         r = 0;
1015
1016 finish:
1017         if (reply)
1018                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1019
1020         return r;
1021 }
1022
1023 static int load_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
1024         int r = 0;
1025         char **name, *n;
1026
1027         assert(args);
1028
1029         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
1030                 n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
1031                 r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
1032                                 bus,
1033                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1034                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1035                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1036                                 "LoadUnit",
1037                                 NULL,
1038                                 NULL,
1039                                 DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
1040                                 DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
1041                 free(n);
1042                 if (r)
1043                         goto finish;
1044         }
1045
1046 finish:
1047         return r;
1048 }
1049
1050 static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
1051         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
1052         int r = 0;
1053         char **name;
1054
1055         assert(args);
1056
1057         if (strv_length(args) <= 1)
1058                 return daemon_reload(bus, args);
1059
1060         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
1061                 unsigned id;
1062                 const char *path;
1063
1064                 r = safe_atou(*name, &id);
1065                 if (r < 0) {
1066                         log_error("Failed to parse job id: %s", strerror(-r));
1067                         goto finish;
1068                 }
1069                 assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(id));
1070
1071                 r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
1072                                 bus,
1073                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1074                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1075                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1076                                 "GetJob",
1077                                 &reply,
1078                                 NULL,
1079                                 DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1080                                 DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
1081                 if (r)
1082                         goto finish;
1083
1084                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
1085                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1086                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1087                         log_error("Failed to parse reply");
1088                         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1089                         r = -EIO;
1090                         goto finish;
1091                 }
1092                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1093
1094                 r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
1095                                 bus,
1096                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1097                                 path,
1098                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
1099                                 "Cancel",
1100                                 NULL,
1101                                 NULL,
1102                                 DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
1103                 if (r)
1104                         goto finish;
1105         }
1106
1107 finish:
1108         return r;
1109 }
1110
1111 static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
1112         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
1113         dbus_bool_t b = FALSE;
1114         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1115         const char
1116                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1117                 *property = "NeedDaemonReload",
1118                 *path;
1119         char *n;
1120         int r;
1121
1122         /* We ignore all errors here, since this is used to show a warning only */
1123
1124         n = unit_name_mangle(unit);
1125         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
1126                         bus,
1127                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1128                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1129                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1130                         "GetUnit",
1131                         &reply,
1132                         NULL,
1133                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? (const char**) &n : &unit,
1134                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
1135         free(n);
1136         if (r)
1137                 goto finish;
1138
1139         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
1140                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1141                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1142                 goto finish;
1143
1144         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1145         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
1146                         bus,
1147                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1148                         path,
1149                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1150                         "Get",
1151                         &reply,
1152                         NULL,
1153                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1154                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1155                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
1156         if (r)
1157                 goto finish;
1158
1159         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1160             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
1161                 goto finish;
1162
1163         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1164
1165         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN)
1166                 goto finish;
1167
1168         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &b);
1169
1170 finish:
1171         if (reply)
1172                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1173
1174         return b;
1175 }
1176
1177 typedef struct WaitData {
1178         Set *set;
1179
1180         char *name;
1181         char *result;
1182 } WaitData;
1183
1184 static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
1185         DBusError error;
1186         WaitData *d = data;
1187
1188         assert(connection);
1189         assert(message);
1190         assert(d);
1191
1192         dbus_error_init(&error);
1193
1194         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
1195                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
1196                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
1197                   dbus_message_get_path(message));
1198
1199         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
1200                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
1201                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
1202
1203         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
1204                 uint32_t id;
1205                 const char *path, *result, *unit;
1206                 dbus_bool_t success = true;
1207
1208                 if (dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
1209                                           DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1210                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1211                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &unit,
1212                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &result,
1213                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1214                         char *p;
1215
1216                         p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
1217                         free(p);
1218
1219                         if (!isempty(result))
1220                                 d->result = strdup(result);
1221
1222                         if (!isempty(unit))
1223                                 d->name = strdup(unit);
1224
1225                         goto finish;
1226                 }
1227 #ifndef LEGACY
1228                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1229                 if (dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
1230                                           DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1231                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1232                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &result,
1233                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1234                         char *p;
1235
1236                         /* Compatibility with older systemd versions <
1237                          * 183 during upgrades. This should be dropped
1238                          * one day. */
1239                         p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
1240                         free(p);
1241
1242                         if (*result)
1243                                 d->result = strdup(result);
1244
1245                         goto finish;
1246                 }
1247
1248                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1249                 if (dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
1250                                           DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1251                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1252                                           DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &success,
1253                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1254                         char *p;
1255
1256                         /* Compatibility with older systemd versions <
1257                          * 19 during upgrades. This should be dropped
1258                          * one day */
1259
1260                         p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
1261                         free(p);
1262
1263                         if (!success)
1264                                 d->result = strdup("failed");
1265
1266                         goto finish;
1267                 }
1268 #endif
1269
1270                 log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1271         }
1272
1273 finish:
1274         dbus_error_free(&error);
1275         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
1276 }
1277
1278 static int enable_wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus) {
1279         DBusError error;
1280
1281         assert(bus);
1282
1283         if (private_bus)
1284                 return 0;
1285
1286         dbus_error_init(&error);
1287         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
1288                            "type='signal',"
1289                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
1290                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
1291                            "member='JobRemoved',"
1292                            "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
1293                            &error);
1294
1295         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
1296                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
1297                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1298                 return -EIO;
1299         }
1300
1301         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the match registrations. */
1302         return 0;
1303 }
1304
1305 static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
1306         int r = 0;
1307         WaitData d;
1308
1309         assert(bus);
1310         assert(s);
1311
1312         zero(d);
1313         d.set = s;
1314
1315         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL))
1316                 return log_oom();
1317
1318         while (!set_isempty(s)) {
1319
1320                 if (!dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1)) {
1321                         log_error("Disconnected from bus.");
1322                         return -ECONNREFUSED;
1323                 }
1324
1325                 if (!d.result)
1326                         goto free_name;
1327
1328                 if (!arg_quiet) {
1329                         if (streq(d.result, "timeout"))
1330                                 log_error("Job for %s timed out.", strna(d.name));
1331                         else if (streq(d.result, "canceled"))
1332                                 log_error("Job for %s canceled.", strna(d.name));
1333                         else if (streq(d.result, "dependency"))
1334                                 log_error("A dependency job for %s failed. See 'journalctl' for details.", strna(d.name));
1335                         else if (!streq(d.result, "done") && !streq(d.result, "skipped"))
1336                                 log_error("Job for %s failed. See 'systemctl status %s' and 'journalctl' for details.", strna(d.name), strna(d.name));
1337                 }
1338
1339                 if (streq_ptr(d.result, "timeout"))
1340                         r = -ETIME;
1341                 else if (streq_ptr(d.result, "canceled"))
1342                         r = -ECANCELED;
1343                 else if (!streq_ptr(d.result, "done") && !streq_ptr(d.result, "skipped"))
1344                         r = -EIO;
1345
1346                 free(d.result);
1347                 d.result = NULL;
1348
1349         free_name:
1350                 free(d.name);
1351                 d.name = NULL;
1352         }
1353
1354         dbus_connection_remove_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d);
1355         return r;
1356 }
1357
1358 static int check_one_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char *name, bool quiet) {
1359         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
1360         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1361         const char
1362                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1363                 *property = "ActiveState";
1364         const char *path = NULL;
1365         const char *state;
1366         int r;
1367         char *n;
1368
1369         assert(name);
1370
1371         n = unit_name_mangle(name);
1372         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
1373                         bus,
1374                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1375                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1376                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1377                         "GetUnit",
1378                         &reply,
1379                         NULL,
1380                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : &name,
1381                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
1382         free(n);
1383         if (r) {
1384                 if ((r != -ENOMEM) && (!quiet))
1385                         puts("unknown");
1386                 goto finish;
1387         }
1388
1389         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
1390                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1391                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1392                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1393                 r = -EIO;
1394                 goto finish;
1395         }
1396
1397         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1398         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
1399                         bus,
1400                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1401                         path,
1402                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1403                         "Get",
1404                         &reply,
1405                         NULL,
1406                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1407                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1408                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
1409         if (r)
1410                 goto finish;
1411
1412         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1413             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1414                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1415                 r = -EIO;
1416                 goto finish;
1417         }
1418
1419         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1420
1421         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1422                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1423                 r = -EIO;
1424                 goto finish;
1425         }
1426
1427         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
1428
1429         if (!quiet)
1430                 puts(state);
1431
1432         if (streq(state, "active") || streq(state, "reloading"))
1433                 r = 0;
1434         else
1435                 r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
1436
1437 finish:
1438         if (reply)
1439                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1440
1441         return r;
1442 }
1443
1444 static void check_triggering_units(
1445                 DBusConnection *bus,
1446                 const char *unit_name) {
1447
1448         _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
1449         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1450         char *service_trigger = NULL;
1451         const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1452                    *triggered_by_property = "TriggeredBy";
1453
1454         char _cleanup_free_ *unit_path = NULL, *n = NULL;
1455         bool print_warning_label = true;
1456         int r;
1457
1458         n = unit_name_mangle(unit_name);
1459         if (!n) {
1460                 log_oom();
1461                 return;
1462         }
1463
1464         unit_path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(n);
1465         if (!unit_path) {
1466                 log_oom();
1467                 return;
1468         }
1469
1470         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
1471                         bus,
1472                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1473                         unit_path,
1474                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1475                         "Get",
1476                         &reply,
1477                         NULL,
1478                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1479                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &triggered_by_property,
1480                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
1481         if (r)
1482                 return;
1483
1484         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1485             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
1486                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1487                 return;
1488         }
1489
1490         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1491         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &iter);
1492         sub = iter;
1493
1494         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1495
1496                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
1497                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1498                         return;
1499                 }
1500
1501                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &service_trigger);
1502
1503                 r = check_one_unit(bus, service_trigger, true);
1504                 if (r < 0)
1505                         return;
1506                 if (r == 0) {
1507                         if (print_warning_label) {
1508                                 log_warning("Warning: Stopping %s, but it can still be activated by:", unit_name);
1509                                 print_warning_label = false;
1510                         }
1511                         log_warning("  %s", service_trigger);
1512                 }
1513
1514                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1515         }
1516 }
1517
1518 static int start_unit_one(
1519                 DBusConnection *bus,
1520                 const char *method,
1521                 const char *name,
1522                 const char *mode,
1523                 DBusError *error,
1524                 Set *s) {
1525
1526         _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
1527         const char *path;
1528         int r;
1529         _cleanup_free_ char *n, *p = NULL;
1530
1531         assert(method);
1532         assert(name);
1533         assert(mode);
1534         assert(error);
1535
1536         n = unit_name_mangle(name);
1537         if (!n)
1538                 return log_oom();
1539
1540         r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
1541                         bus,
1542                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1543                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1544                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1545                         method,
1546                         &reply,
1547                         error,
1548                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
1549                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
1550                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
1551         if (r) {
1552                 if (r == -ENOENT && arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL)
1553                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
1554                          * legacy actions. */
1555                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
1556                 else
1557                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(error));
1558
1559                 return r;
1560         }
1561
1562         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, error,
1563                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1564                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1565                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(error));
1566                 return -EIO;
1567         }
1568
1569         if (need_daemon_reload(bus, n))
1570                 log_warning("Warning: Unit file of %s changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
1571                             n, arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user");
1572
1573         if (s) {
1574                 p = strdup(path);
1575                 if (!p)
1576                         return log_oom();
1577
1578                 r = set_put(s, p);
1579                 if (r < 0) {
1580                         log_error("Failed to add path to set.");
1581                         return r;
1582                 }
1583
1584                 p = NULL;
1585         }
1586
1587         return 0;
1588 }
1589
1590 static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
1591         if (streq(verb, "halt"))
1592                 return ACTION_HALT;
1593         else if (streq(verb, "poweroff"))
1594                 return ACTION_POWEROFF;
1595         else if (streq(verb, "reboot"))
1596                 return ACTION_REBOOT;
1597         else if (streq(verb, "kexec"))
1598                 return ACTION_KEXEC;
1599         else if (streq(verb, "rescue"))
1600                 return ACTION_RESCUE;
1601         else if (streq(verb, "emergency"))
1602                 return ACTION_EMERGENCY;
1603         else if (streq(verb, "default"))
1604                 return ACTION_DEFAULT;
1605         else if (streq(verb, "exit"))
1606                 return ACTION_EXIT;
1607         else if (streq(verb, "suspend"))
1608                 return ACTION_SUSPEND;
1609         else if (streq(verb, "hibernate"))
1610                 return ACTION_HIBERNATE;
1611         else
1612                 return ACTION_INVALID;
1613 }
1614
1615 static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
1616
1617         static const char * const table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
1618                 [ACTION_HALT] = SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET,
1619                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] = SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET,
1620                 [ACTION_REBOOT] = SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET,
1621                 [ACTION_KEXEC] = SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET,
1622                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
1623                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
1624                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
1625                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
1626                 [ACTION_RESCUE] = SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
1627                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
1628                 [ACTION_DEFAULT] = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET,
1629                 [ACTION_EXIT] = SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET,
1630                 [ACTION_SUSPEND] = SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET,
1631                 [ACTION_HIBERNATE] = SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET
1632         };
1633
1634         int r, ret = 0;
1635         const char *method, *mode, *one_name;
1636         Set *s = NULL;
1637         DBusError error;
1638         char **name;
1639
1640         dbus_error_init(&error);
1641
1642         assert(bus);
1643
1644         ask_password_agent_open_if_enabled();
1645
1646         if (arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL) {
1647                 method =
1648                         streq(args[0], "stop") ||
1649                         streq(args[0], "condstop")              ? "StopUnit" :
1650                         streq(args[0], "reload")                ? "ReloadUnit" :
1651                         streq(args[0], "restart")               ? "RestartUnit" :
1652
1653                         streq(args[0], "try-restart")           ||
1654                         streq(args[0], "condrestart")           ? "TryRestartUnit" :
1655
1656                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-restart")     ? "ReloadOrRestartUnit" :
1657
1658                         streq(args[0], "reload-or-try-restart") ||
1659                         streq(args[0], "condreload") ||
1660
1661                         streq(args[0], "force-reload")          ? "ReloadOrTryRestartUnit" :
1662                                                                   "StartUnit";
1663
1664                 mode =
1665                         (streq(args[0], "isolate") ||
1666                          streq(args[0], "rescue")  ||
1667                          streq(args[0], "emergency")) ? "isolate" : arg_job_mode;
1668
1669                 one_name = table[verb_to_action(args[0])];
1670
1671         } else {
1672                 assert(arg_action < ELEMENTSOF(table));
1673                 assert(table[arg_action]);
1674
1675                 method = "StartUnit";
1676
1677                 mode = (arg_action == ACTION_EMERGENCY ||
1678                         arg_action == ACTION_RESCUE ||
1679                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 ||
1680                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 ||
1681                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 ||
1682                         arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL5) ? "isolate" : "replace";
1683
1684                 one_name = table[arg_action];
1685         }
1686
1687         if (!arg_no_block) {
1688                 ret = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus);
1689                 if (ret < 0) {
1690                         log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-ret));
1691                         goto finish;
1692                 }
1693
1694                 s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
1695                 if (!s) {
1696                         ret = log_oom();
1697                         goto finish;
1698                 }
1699         }
1700
1701         if (one_name) {
1702                 ret = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, &error, s);
1703                 if (ret < 0)
1704                         ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(ret, &error);
1705         } else {
1706                 STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
1707                         r = start_unit_one(bus, method, *name, mode, &error, s);
1708                         if (r < 0) {
1709                                 ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(r, &error);
1710                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
1711                         }
1712                 }
1713         }
1714
1715         if (!arg_no_block) {
1716                 r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s);
1717                 if (r < 0) {
1718                         ret = r;
1719                         goto finish;
1720                 }
1721
1722                 /* When stopping units, warn if they can still be triggered by
1723                  * another active unit (socket, path, timer) */
1724                 if (!arg_quiet && streq(method, "StopUnit")) {
1725                         if (one_name)
1726                                 check_triggering_units(bus, one_name);
1727                         else
1728                                 STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1)
1729                                         check_triggering_units(bus, *name);
1730                 }
1731         }
1732
1733 finish:
1734         set_free_free(s);
1735         dbus_error_free(&error);
1736
1737         return ret;
1738 }
1739
1740 /* Ask systemd-logind, which might grant access to unprivileged users
1741  * through PolicyKit */
1742 static int reboot_with_logind(DBusConnection *bus, enum action a) {
1743 #ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
1744         const char *method;
1745         dbus_bool_t interactive = true;
1746
1747         polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
1748
1749         switch (a) {
1750
1751         case ACTION_REBOOT:
1752                 method = "Reboot";
1753                 break;
1754
1755         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
1756                 method = "PowerOff";
1757                 break;
1758
1759         case ACTION_SUSPEND:
1760                 method = "Suspend";
1761                 break;
1762
1763         case ACTION_HIBERNATE:
1764                 method = "Hibernate";
1765                 break;
1766
1767         default:
1768                 return -EINVAL;
1769         }
1770
1771         return bus_method_call_with_reply (
1772                         bus,
1773                         "org.freedesktop.login1",
1774                         "/org/freedesktop/login1",
1775                         "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
1776                         method,
1777                         NULL,
1778                         NULL,
1779                         DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &interactive,
1780                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
1781 #else
1782         return -ENOSYS;
1783 #endif
1784 }
1785
1786 static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
1787         enum action a;
1788         int r;
1789
1790         assert(args);
1791
1792         a = verb_to_action(args[0]);
1793
1794         if (arg_force >= 2 && geteuid() != 0) {
1795                 log_error("Must be root.");
1796                 return -EPERM;
1797         }
1798
1799         if (arg_force >= 2 &&
1800             (a == ACTION_HALT ||
1801              a == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
1802              a == ACTION_REBOOT))
1803                 halt_now(a);
1804
1805         if (arg_force >= 1 &&
1806             (a == ACTION_HALT ||
1807              a == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
1808              a == ACTION_REBOOT ||
1809              a == ACTION_KEXEC ||
1810              a == ACTION_EXIT))
1811                 return daemon_reload(bus, args);
1812
1813         /* first try logind, to allow authentication with polkit */
1814         if (geteuid() != 0 &&
1815             (a == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
1816              a == ACTION_REBOOT ||
1817              a == ACTION_SUSPEND ||
1818              a == ACTION_HIBERNATE)) {
1819                 r = reboot_with_logind(bus, a);
1820                 if (r >= 0)
1821                         return r;
1822         }
1823
1824         r = start_unit(bus, args);
1825         if (r >= 0)
1826                 warn_wall(a);
1827
1828         return r;
1829 }
1830
1831 static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
1832         char **name;
1833         int r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
1834
1835         assert(bus);
1836         assert(args);
1837
1838         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
1839                 int state = check_one_unit(bus, *name, arg_quiet);
1840                 if (state < 0)
1841                         return state;
1842                 if (state == 0)
1843                         r = 0;
1844         }
1845
1846         return r;
1847 }
1848
1849 static int kill_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
1850         int r = 0;
1851         char **name, *n;
1852
1853         assert(args);
1854
1855         if (!arg_kill_who)
1856                 arg_kill_who = "all";
1857
1858         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
1859                 n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
1860                 r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
1861                                 bus,
1862                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1863                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1864                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1865                                 "KillUnit",
1866                                 NULL,
1867                                 NULL,
1868                                 DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
1869                                 DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_who,
1870                                 DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &arg_signal,
1871                                 DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
1872                 free(n);
1873                 if (r)
1874                         return r;
1875         }
1876         return 0;
1877 }
1878
1879 typedef struct ExecStatusInfo {
1880         char *name;
1881
1882         char *path;
1883         char **argv;
1884
1885         bool ignore;
1886
1887         usec_t start_timestamp;
1888         usec_t exit_timestamp;
1889         pid_t pid;
1890         int code;
1891         int status;
1892
1893         LIST_FIELDS(struct ExecStatusInfo, exec);
1894 } ExecStatusInfo;
1895
1896 static void exec_status_info_free(ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1897         assert(i);
1898
1899         free(i->name);
1900         free(i->path);
1901         strv_free(i->argv);
1902         free(i);
1903 }
1904
1905 static int exec_status_info_deserialize(DBusMessageIter *sub, ExecStatusInfo *i) {
1906         uint64_t start_timestamp, exit_timestamp, start_timestamp_monotonic, exit_timestamp_monotonic;
1907         DBusMessageIter sub2, sub3;
1908         const char*path;
1909         unsigned n;
1910         uint32_t pid;
1911         int32_t code, status;
1912         dbus_bool_t ignore;
1913
1914         assert(i);
1915         assert(i);
1916
1917         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)
1918                 return -EIO;
1919
1920         dbus_message_iter_recurse(sub, &sub2);
1921
1922         if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, true) < 0)
1923                 return -EIO;
1924
1925         if (!(i->path = strdup(path)))
1926                 return -ENOMEM;
1927
1928         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
1929             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)
1930                 return -EIO;
1931
1932         n = 0;
1933         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1934         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1935                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1936                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1937                 n++;
1938         }
1939
1940
1941         if (!(i->argv = new0(char*, n+1)))
1942                 return -ENOMEM;
1943
1944         n = 0;
1945         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1946         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1947                 const char *s;
1948
1949                 assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1950                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub3, &s);
1951                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
1952
1953                 if (!(i->argv[n++] = strdup(s)))
1954                         return -ENOMEM;
1955         }
1956
1957         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2) ||
1958             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &ignore, true) < 0 ||
1959             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &start_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1960             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &start_timestamp_monotonic, true) < 0 ||
1961             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &exit_timestamp, true) < 0 ||
1962             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &exit_timestamp_monotonic, true) < 0 ||
1963             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid, true) < 0 ||
1964             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &code, true) < 0 ||
1965             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &status, false) < 0)
1966                 return -EIO;
1967
1968         i->ignore = ignore;
1969         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) start_timestamp;
1970         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) exit_timestamp;
1971         i->pid = (pid_t) pid;
1972         i->code = code;
1973         i->status = status;
1974
1975         return 0;
1976 }
1977
1978 typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
1979         const char *id;
1980         const char *load_state;
1981         const char *active_state;
1982         const char *sub_state;
1983         const char *unit_file_state;
1984
1985         const char *description;
1986         const char *following;
1987
1988         char **documentation;
1989
1990         const char *fragment_path;
1991         const char *source_path;
1992         const char *default_control_group;
1993
1994         const char *load_error;
1995         const char *result;
1996
1997         usec_t inactive_exit_timestamp;
1998         usec_t inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic;
1999         usec_t active_enter_timestamp;
2000         usec_t active_exit_timestamp;
2001         usec_t inactive_enter_timestamp;
2002
2003         bool need_daemon_reload;
2004
2005         /* Service */
2006         pid_t main_pid;
2007         pid_t control_pid;
2008         const char *status_text;
2009         bool running:1;
2010
2011         usec_t start_timestamp;
2012         usec_t exit_timestamp;
2013
2014         int exit_code, exit_status;
2015
2016         usec_t condition_timestamp;
2017         bool condition_result;
2018
2019         /* Socket */
2020         unsigned n_accepted;
2021         unsigned n_connections;
2022         bool accept;
2023
2024         /* Device */
2025         const char *sysfs_path;
2026
2027         /* Mount, Automount */
2028         const char *where;
2029
2030         /* Swap */
2031         const char *what;
2032
2033         LIST_HEAD(ExecStatusInfo, exec);
2034 } UnitStatusInfo;
2035
2036 static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
2037         ExecStatusInfo *p;
2038         const char *on, *off, *ss;
2039         usec_t timestamp;
2040         char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_PRETTY_MAX], *s1;
2041         char since2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *s2;
2042         const char *path;
2043
2044         assert(i);
2045
2046         /* This shows pretty information about a unit. See
2047          * print_property() for a low-level property printer */
2048
2049         printf("%s", strna(i->id));
2050
2051         if (i->description && !streq_ptr(i->id, i->description))
2052                 printf(" - %s", i->description);
2053
2054         printf("\n");
2055
2056         if (i->following)
2057                 printf("\t  Follow: unit currently follows state of %s\n", i->following);
2058
2059         if (streq_ptr(i->load_state, "error")) {
2060                 on = ansi_highlight_red(true);
2061                 off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
2062         } else
2063                 on = off = "";
2064
2065         path = i->source_path ? i->source_path : i->fragment_path;
2066
2067         if (i->load_error)
2068                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (Reason: %s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, i->load_error);
2069         else if (path && i->unit_file_state)
2070                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (%s; %s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, path, i->unit_file_state);
2071         else if (path)
2072                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s (%s)\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off, path);
2073         else
2074                 printf("\t  Loaded: %s%s%s\n", on, strna(i->load_state), off);
2075
2076         ss = streq_ptr(i->active_state, i->sub_state) ? NULL : i->sub_state;
2077
2078         if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed")) {
2079                 on = ansi_highlight_red(true);
2080                 off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
2081         } else if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active") || streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading")) {
2082                 on = ansi_highlight_green(true);
2083                 off = ansi_highlight_green(false);
2084         } else
2085                 on = off = "";
2086
2087         if (ss)
2088                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s (%s)%s",
2089                        on,
2090                        strna(i->active_state),
2091                        ss,
2092                        off);
2093         else
2094                 printf("\t  Active: %s%s%s",
2095                        on,
2096                        strna(i->active_state),
2097                        off);
2098
2099         if (!isempty(i->result) && !streq(i->result, "success"))
2100                 printf(" (Result: %s)", i->result);
2101
2102         timestamp = (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active")      ||
2103                      streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading"))   ? i->active_enter_timestamp :
2104                     (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "inactive")    ||
2105                      streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed"))      ? i->inactive_enter_timestamp :
2106                     streq_ptr(i->active_state, "activating")    ? i->inactive_exit_timestamp :
2107                                                                   i->active_exit_timestamp;
2108
2109         s1 = format_timestamp_pretty(since1, sizeof(since1), timestamp);
2110         s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), timestamp);
2111
2112         if (s1)
2113                 printf(" since %s; %s\n", s2, s1);
2114         else if (s2)
2115                 printf(" since %s\n", s2);
2116         else
2117                 printf("\n");
2118
2119         if (!i->condition_result && i->condition_timestamp > 0) {
2120                 s1 = format_timestamp_pretty(since1, sizeof(since1), i->condition_timestamp);
2121                 s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), i->condition_timestamp);
2122
2123                 if (s1)
2124                         printf("\t          start condition failed at %s; %s\n", s2, s1);
2125                 else if (s2)
2126                         printf("\t          start condition failed at %s\n", s2);
2127         }
2128
2129         if (i->sysfs_path)
2130                 printf("\t  Device: %s\n", i->sysfs_path);
2131         if (i->where)
2132                 printf("\t   Where: %s\n", i->where);
2133         if (i->what)
2134                 printf("\t    What: %s\n", i->what);
2135
2136         if (!strv_isempty(i->documentation)) {
2137                 char **t;
2138                 bool first = true;
2139
2140                 STRV_FOREACH(t, i->documentation) {
2141                         if (first) {
2142                                 printf("\t    Docs: %s\n", *t);
2143                                 first = false;
2144                         } else
2145                                 printf("\t          %s\n", *t);
2146                 }
2147         }
2148
2149         if (i->accept)
2150                 printf("\tAccepted: %u; Connected: %u\n", i->n_accepted, i->n_connections);
2151
2152         LIST_FOREACH(exec, p, i->exec) {
2153                 char *t;
2154                 bool good;
2155
2156                 /* Only show exited processes here */
2157                 if (p->code == 0)
2158                         continue;
2159
2160                 t = strv_join(p->argv, " ");
2161                 printf("\t Process: %u %s=%s ", p->pid, p->name, strna(t));
2162                 free(t);
2163
2164                 good = is_clean_exit_lsb(p->code, p->status, NULL);
2165                 if (!good) {
2166                         on = ansi_highlight_red(true);
2167                         off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
2168                 } else
2169                         on = off = "";
2170
2171                 printf("%s(code=%s, ", on, sigchld_code_to_string(p->code));
2172
2173                 if (p->code == CLD_EXITED) {
2174                         const char *c;
2175
2176                         printf("status=%i", p->status);
2177
2178                         c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD);
2179                         if (c)
2180                                 printf("/%s", c);
2181
2182                 } else
2183                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(p->status));
2184
2185                 printf(")%s\n", off);
2186
2187                 if (i->main_pid == p->pid &&
2188                     i->start_timestamp == p->start_timestamp &&
2189                     i->exit_timestamp == p->start_timestamp)
2190                         /* Let's not show this twice */
2191                         i->main_pid = 0;
2192
2193                 if (p->pid == i->control_pid)
2194                         i->control_pid = 0;
2195         }
2196
2197         if (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0) {
2198                 printf("\t");
2199
2200                 if (i->main_pid > 0) {
2201                         printf("Main PID: %u", (unsigned) i->main_pid);
2202
2203                         if (i->running) {
2204                                 char *t = NULL;
2205                                 get_process_comm(i->main_pid, &t);
2206                                 if (t) {
2207                                         printf(" (%s)", t);
2208                                         free(t);
2209                                 }
2210                         } else if (i->exit_code > 0) {
2211                                 printf(" (code=%s, ", sigchld_code_to_string(i->exit_code));
2212
2213                                 if (i->exit_code == CLD_EXITED) {
2214                                         const char *c;
2215
2216                                         printf("status=%i", i->exit_status);
2217
2218                                         c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD);
2219                                         if (c)
2220                                                 printf("/%s", c);
2221
2222                                 } else
2223                                         printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(i->exit_status));
2224                                 printf(")");
2225                         }
2226                 }
2227
2228                 if (i->main_pid > 0 && i->control_pid > 0)
2229                         printf(";");
2230
2231                 if (i->control_pid > 0) {
2232                         char *t = NULL;
2233
2234                         printf(" Control: %u", (unsigned) i->control_pid);
2235
2236                         get_process_comm(i->control_pid, &t);
2237                         if (t) {
2238                                 printf(" (%s)", t);
2239                                 free(t);
2240                         }
2241                 }
2242
2243                 printf("\n");
2244         }
2245
2246         if (i->status_text)
2247                 printf("\t  Status: \"%s\"\n", i->status_text);
2248
2249         if (i->default_control_group) {
2250                 unsigned c;
2251
2252                 printf("\t  CGroup: %s\n", i->default_control_group);
2253
2254                 if (arg_transport != TRANSPORT_SSH) {
2255                         unsigned k = 0;
2256                         pid_t extra[2];
2257
2258                         c = columns();
2259                         if (c > 18)
2260                                 c -= 18;
2261                         else
2262                                 c = 0;
2263
2264                         if (i->main_pid > 0)
2265                                 extra[k++] = i->main_pid;
2266
2267                         if (i->control_pid > 0)
2268                                 extra[k++] = i->control_pid;
2269
2270                         show_cgroup_and_extra_by_spec(i->default_control_group, "\t\t  ", c, false, arg_all, extra, k);
2271                 }
2272         }
2273
2274         if (i->id && arg_transport != TRANSPORT_SSH) {
2275                 int flags =
2276                         arg_all * OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL |
2277                         (!on_tty() || pager_have()) * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
2278                         on_tty() * OUTPUT_COLOR |
2279                         !arg_quiet * OUTPUT_WARN_CUTOFF;
2280
2281                 printf("\n");
2282                 show_journal_by_unit(stdout,
2283                                      i->id,
2284                                      arg_output,
2285                                      0,
2286                                      i->inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic,
2287                                      arg_lines,
2288                                      flags);
2289         }
2290
2291         if (i->need_daemon_reload)
2292                 printf("\n%sWarning:%s Unit file changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.\n",
2293                        ansi_highlight_red(true),
2294                        ansi_highlight_red(false),
2295                        arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user");
2296 }
2297
2298 static void show_unit_help(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
2299         char **p;
2300
2301         assert(i);
2302
2303         if (!i->documentation) {
2304                 log_info("Documentation for %s not known.", i->id);
2305                 return;
2306         }
2307
2308         STRV_FOREACH(p, i->documentation) {
2309
2310                 if (startswith(*p, "man:")) {
2311                         size_t k;
2312                         char *e = NULL;
2313                         char *page = NULL, *section = NULL;
2314                         const char *args[4] = { "man", NULL, NULL, NULL };
2315                         pid_t pid;
2316
2317                         k = strlen(*p);
2318
2319                         if ((*p)[k-1] == ')')
2320                                 e = strrchr(*p, '(');
2321
2322                         if (e) {
2323                                 page = strndup((*p) + 4, e - *p - 4);
2324                                 if (!page) {
2325                                         log_oom();
2326                                         return;
2327                                 }
2328
2329                                 section = strndup(e + 1, *p + k - e - 2);
2330                                 if (!section) {
2331                                         free(page);
2332                                         log_oom();
2333                                         return;
2334                                 }
2335
2336                                 args[1] = section;
2337                                 args[2] = page;
2338                         } else
2339                                 args[1] = *p + 4;
2340
2341                         pid = fork();
2342                         if (pid < 0) {
2343                                 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
2344                                 free(page);
2345                                 free(section);
2346                                 continue;
2347                         }
2348
2349                         if (pid == 0) {
2350                                 /* Child */
2351                                 execvp(args[0], (char**) args);
2352                                 log_error("Failed to execute man: %m");
2353                                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2354                         }
2355
2356                         free(page);
2357                         free(section);
2358
2359                         wait_for_terminate(pid, NULL);
2360                 } else
2361                         log_info("Can't show: %s", *p);
2362         }
2363 }
2364
2365 static int status_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter, UnitStatusInfo *i) {
2366
2367         assert(name);
2368         assert(iter);
2369         assert(i);
2370
2371         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
2372
2373         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
2374                 const char *s;
2375
2376                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
2377
2378                 if (!isempty(s)) {
2379                         if (streq(name, "Id"))
2380                                 i->id = s;
2381                         else if (streq(name, "LoadState"))
2382                                 i->load_state = s;
2383                         else if (streq(name, "ActiveState"))
2384                                 i->active_state = s;
2385                         else if (streq(name, "SubState"))
2386                                 i->sub_state = s;
2387                         else if (streq(name, "Description"))
2388                                 i->description = s;
2389                         else if (streq(name, "FragmentPath"))
2390                                 i->fragment_path = s;
2391                         else if (streq(name, "SourcePath"))
2392                                 i->source_path = s;
2393                         else if (streq(name, "DefaultControlGroup"))
2394                                 i->default_control_group = s;
2395                         else if (streq(name, "StatusText"))
2396                                 i->status_text = s;
2397                         else if (streq(name, "SysFSPath"))
2398                                 i->sysfs_path = s;
2399                         else if (streq(name, "Where"))
2400                                 i->where = s;
2401                         else if (streq(name, "What"))
2402                                 i->what = s;
2403                         else if (streq(name, "Following"))
2404                                 i->following = s;
2405                         else if (streq(name, "UnitFileState"))
2406                                 i->unit_file_state = s;
2407                         else if (streq(name, "Result"))
2408                                 i->result = s;
2409                 }
2410
2411                 break;
2412         }
2413
2414         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
2415                 dbus_bool_t b;
2416
2417                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
2418
2419                 if (streq(name, "Accept"))
2420                         i->accept = b;
2421                 else if (streq(name, "NeedDaemonReload"))
2422                         i->need_daemon_reload = b;
2423                 else if (streq(name, "ConditionResult"))
2424                         i->condition_result = b;
2425
2426                 break;
2427         }
2428
2429         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
2430                 uint32_t u;
2431
2432                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2433
2434                 if (streq(name, "MainPID")) {
2435                         if (u > 0) {
2436                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
2437                                 i->running = true;
2438                         }
2439                 } else if (streq(name, "ControlPID"))
2440                         i->control_pid = (pid_t) u;
2441                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainPID")) {
2442                         if (u > 0)
2443                                 i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
2444                 } else if (streq(name, "NAccepted"))
2445                         i->n_accepted = u;
2446                 else if (streq(name, "NConnections"))
2447                         i->n_connections = u;
2448
2449                 break;
2450         }
2451
2452         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
2453                 int32_t j;
2454
2455                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &j);
2456
2457                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainCode"))
2458                         i->exit_code = (int) j;
2459                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainStatus"))
2460                         i->exit_status = (int) j;
2461
2462                 break;
2463         }
2464
2465         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
2466                 uint64_t u;
2467
2468                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
2469
2470                 if (streq(name, "ExecMainStartTimestamp"))
2471                         i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2472                 else if (streq(name, "ExecMainExitTimestamp"))
2473                         i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2474                 else if (streq(name, "ActiveEnterTimestamp"))
2475                         i->active_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2476                 else if (streq(name, "InactiveEnterTimestamp"))
2477                         i->inactive_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2478                 else if (streq(name, "InactiveExitTimestamp"))
2479                         i->inactive_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2480                 else if (streq(name, "InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic"))
2481                         i->inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic = (usec_t) u;
2482                 else if (streq(name, "ActiveExitTimestamp"))
2483                         i->active_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2484                 else if (streq(name, "ConditionTimestamp"))
2485                         i->condition_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
2486
2487                 break;
2488         }
2489
2490         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
2491
2492                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT &&
2493                     startswith(name, "Exec")) {
2494                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2495
2496                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2497                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2498                                 ExecStatusInfo *info;
2499                                 int r;
2500
2501                                 if (!(info = new0(ExecStatusInfo, 1)))
2502                                         return -ENOMEM;
2503
2504                                 if (!(info->name = strdup(name))) {
2505                                         free(info);
2506                                         return -ENOMEM;
2507                                 }
2508
2509                                 if ((r = exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, info)) < 0) {
2510                                         free(info);
2511                                         return r;
2512                                 }
2513
2514                                 LIST_PREPEND(ExecStatusInfo, exec, i->exec, info);
2515
2516                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2517                         }
2518                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING &&
2519                            streq(name, "Documentation")) {
2520
2521                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2522
2523                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2524                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
2525                                 const char *s;
2526                                 char **l;
2527
2528                                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
2529
2530                                 l = strv_append(i->documentation, s);
2531                                 if (!l)
2532                                         return -ENOMEM;
2533
2534                                 strv_free(i->documentation);
2535                                 i->documentation = l;
2536
2537                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2538                         }
2539                 }
2540
2541                 break;
2542         }
2543
2544         case DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT: {
2545
2546                 if (streq(name, "LoadError")) {
2547                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2548                         const char *n, *message;
2549                         int r;
2550
2551                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2552
2553                         r = bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n, true);
2554                         if (r < 0)
2555                                 return r;
2556
2557                         r = bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &message, false);
2558                         if (r < 0)
2559                                 return r;
2560
2561                         if (!isempty(message))
2562                                 i->load_error = message;
2563                 }
2564
2565                 break;
2566         }
2567         }
2568
2569         return 0;
2570 }
2571
2572 static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
2573         assert(name);
2574         assert(iter);
2575
2576         /* This is a low-level property printer, see
2577          * print_status_info() for the nicer output */
2578
2579         if (arg_property && !strv_find(arg_property, name))
2580                 return 0;
2581
2582         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
2583
2584         case DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT: {
2585                 DBusMessageIter sub;
2586                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2587
2588                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_UINT32 && streq(name, "Job")) {
2589                         uint32_t u;
2590
2591                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
2592
2593                         if (u)
2594                                 printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
2595                         else if (arg_all)
2596                                 printf("%s=\n", name);
2597
2598                         return 0;
2599                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "Unit")) {
2600                         const char *s;
2601
2602                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
2603
2604                         if (arg_all || s[0])
2605                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
2606
2607                         return 0;
2608                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "LoadError")) {
2609                         const char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
2610
2611                         if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &a, true) >= 0)
2612                                 bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &b, false);
2613
2614                         if (arg_all || !isempty(a) || !isempty(b))
2615                                 printf("%s=%s \"%s\"\n", name, strempty(a), strempty(b));
2616
2617                         return 0;
2618                 }
2619
2620                 break;
2621         }
2622
2623         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
2624
2625                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "EnvironmentFiles")) {
2626                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2627
2628                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2629                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2630                                 const char *path;
2631                                 dbus_bool_t ignore;
2632
2633                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2634
2635                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, true) >= 0 &&
2636                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &ignore, false) >= 0)
2637                                         printf("EnvironmentFile=%s (ignore_errors=%s)\n", path, yes_no(ignore));
2638
2639                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2640                         }
2641
2642                         return 0;
2643
2644                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Paths")) {
2645                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2646
2647                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2648                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2649                                 const char *type, *path;
2650
2651                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2652
2653                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) >= 0 &&
2654                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, false) >= 0)
2655                                         printf("%s=%s\n", type, path);
2656
2657                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2658                         }
2659
2660                         return 0;
2661
2662                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Timers")) {
2663                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2664
2665                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2666                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2667                                 const char *base;
2668                                 uint64_t value, next_elapse;
2669
2670                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2671
2672                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &base, true) >= 0 &&
2673                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &value, true) >= 0 &&
2674                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &next_elapse, false) >= 0) {
2675                                         char timespan1[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], timespan2[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
2676
2677                                         printf("%s={ value=%s ; next_elapse=%s }\n",
2678                                                base,
2679                                                format_timespan(timespan1, sizeof(timespan1), value),
2680                                                format_timespan(timespan2, sizeof(timespan2), next_elapse));
2681                                 }
2682
2683                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2684                         }
2685
2686                         return 0;
2687
2688                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "ControlGroupAttributes")) {
2689                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
2690
2691                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2692                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2693                                 const char *controller, *attr, *value;
2694
2695                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2696
2697                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &controller, true) >= 0 &&
2698                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &attr, true) >= 0 &&
2699                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &value, false) >= 0) {
2700
2701                                         printf("ControlGroupAttribute={ controller=%s ; attribute=%s ; value=\"%s\" }\n",
2702                                                controller,
2703                                                attr,
2704                                                value);
2705                                 }
2706
2707                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2708                         }
2709
2710                         return 0;
2711
2712                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && startswith(name, "Exec")) {
2713                         DBusMessageIter sub;
2714
2715                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
2716                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
2717                                 ExecStatusInfo info;
2718
2719                                 zero(info);
2720                                 if (exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, &info) >= 0) {
2721                                         char timestamp1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], timestamp2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
2722                                         char *t;
2723
2724                                         t = strv_join(info.argv, " ");
2725
2726                                         printf("%s={ path=%s ; argv[]=%s ; ignore_errors=%s ; start_time=[%s] ; stop_time=[%s] ; pid=%u ; code=%s ; status=%i%s%s }\n",
2727                                                name,
2728                                                strna(info.path),
2729                                                strna(t),
2730                                                yes_no(info.ignore),
2731                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp1, sizeof(timestamp1), info.start_timestamp)),
2732                                                strna(format_timestamp(timestamp2, sizeof(timestamp2), info.exit_timestamp)),
2733                                                (unsigned) info. pid,
2734                                                sigchld_code_to_string(info.code),
2735                                                info.status,
2736                                                info.code == CLD_EXITED ? "" : "/",
2737                                                strempty(info.code == CLD_EXITED ? NULL : signal_to_string(info.status)));
2738
2739                                         free(t);
2740                                 }
2741
2742                                 free(info.path);
2743                                 strv_free(info.argv);
2744
2745                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2746                         }
2747
2748                         return 0;
2749                 }
2750
2751                 break;
2752         }
2753
2754         if (generic_print_property(name, iter, arg_all) > 0)
2755                 return 0;
2756
2757         if (arg_all)
2758                 printf("%s=[unprintable]\n", name);
2759
2760         return 0;
2761 }
2762
2763 static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, bool show_properties, bool *new_line) {
2764         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
2765         const char *interface = "";
2766         int r;
2767         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
2768         UnitStatusInfo info;
2769         ExecStatusInfo *p;
2770
2771         assert(path);
2772         assert(new_line);
2773
2774         zero(info);
2775
2776         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
2777                         bus,
2778                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2779                         path,
2780                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
2781                         "GetAll",
2782                         &reply,
2783                         NULL,
2784                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
2785                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
2786         if (r)
2787                 goto finish;
2788
2789         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
2790             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
2791             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
2792                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2793                 r = -EIO;
2794                 goto finish;
2795         }
2796
2797         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
2798
2799         if (*new_line)
2800                 printf("\n");
2801
2802         *new_line = true;
2803
2804         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
2805                 const char *name;
2806
2807                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
2808                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2809                         r = -EIO;
2810                         goto finish;
2811                 }
2812
2813                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
2814
2815                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0) {
2816                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2817                         r = -EIO;
2818                         goto finish;
2819                 }
2820
2821                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
2822                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2823                         r = -EIO;
2824                         goto finish;
2825                 }
2826
2827                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
2828
2829                 if (show_properties)
2830                         r = print_property(name, &sub3);
2831                 else
2832                         r = status_property(name, &sub3, &info);
2833
2834                 if (r < 0) {
2835                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
2836                         r = -EIO;
2837                         goto finish;
2838                 }
2839
2840                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
2841         }
2842
2843         r = 0;
2844
2845         if (!show_properties) {
2846                 if (streq(verb, "help"))
2847                         show_unit_help(&info);
2848                 else
2849                         print_status_info(&info);
2850         }
2851
2852         strv_free(info.documentation);
2853
2854         if (!streq_ptr(info.active_state, "active") &&
2855             !streq_ptr(info.active_state, "reloading") &&
2856             streq(verb, "status"))
2857                 /* According to LSB: "program not running" */
2858                 r = 3;
2859
2860         while ((p = info.exec)) {
2861                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecStatusInfo, exec, info.exec, p);
2862                 exec_status_info_free(p);
2863         }
2864
2865 finish:
2866         if (reply)
2867                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2868
2869         return r;
2870 }
2871
2872 static int show_one_by_pid(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, uint32_t pid, bool *new_line) {
2873         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
2874         const char *path = NULL;
2875         DBusError error;
2876         int r;
2877
2878         dbus_error_init(&error);
2879
2880         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
2881                         bus,
2882                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2883                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2884                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2885                         "GetUnitByPID",
2886                         &reply,
2887                         NULL,
2888                         DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid,
2889                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
2890         if (r)
2891                 goto finish;
2892
2893         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
2894                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
2895                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
2896                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
2897                 r = -EIO;
2898                 goto finish;
2899         }
2900
2901         r = show_one(verb, bus, path, false, new_line);
2902
2903 finish:
2904         if (reply)
2905                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2906
2907         dbus_error_free(&error);
2908
2909         return r;
2910 }
2911
2912 static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
2913         int r, ret = 0;
2914         bool show_properties, new_line = false;
2915         char **name;
2916
2917         assert(bus);
2918         assert(args);
2919
2920         show_properties = streq(args[0], "show");
2921
2922         if (show_properties)
2923                 pager_open_if_enabled();
2924
2925         if (show_properties && strv_length(args) <= 1) {
2926                 /* If not argument is specified inspect the manager
2927                  * itself */
2928
2929                 return show_one(args[0], bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", show_properties, &new_line);
2930         }
2931
2932         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
2933                 uint32_t id;
2934
2935                 if (safe_atou32(*name, &id) < 0) {
2936                         char *p, *n;
2937                         /* Interpret as unit name */
2938
2939                         n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
2940                         p = unit_dbus_path_from_name(n ? n : *name);
2941                         free(n);
2942                         if (!p)
2943                                 return log_oom();
2944
2945                         r = show_one(args[0], bus, p, show_properties, &new_line);
2946                         free(p);
2947
2948                         if (r != 0)
2949                                 ret = r;
2950
2951                 } else if (show_properties) {
2952
2953                         /* Interpret as job id */
2954
2955                         char *p;
2956                         if (asprintf(&p, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/%u", id) < 0)
2957                                 return log_oom();
2958
2959                         r = show_one(args[0], bus, p, show_properties, &new_line);
2960                         free(p);
2961
2962                         if (r != 0)
2963                                 ret = r;
2964
2965                 } else {
2966
2967                         /* Interpret as PID */
2968
2969                         r = show_one_by_pid(args[0], bus, id, &new_line);
2970                         if (r != 0)
2971                                 ret = r;
2972                 }
2973         }
2974
2975         return ret;
2976 }
2977
2978 static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
2979         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
2980         DBusError error;
2981         int r;
2982         const char *text;
2983
2984         dbus_error_init(&error);
2985
2986         pager_open_if_enabled();
2987
2988         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
2989                         bus,
2990                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
2991                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
2992                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
2993                         "Dump",
2994                         &reply,
2995                         NULL,
2996                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
2997         if (r)
2998                 goto finish;
2999
3000         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
3001                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
3002                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3003                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3004                 r = -EIO;
3005                 goto finish;
3006         }
3007
3008         fputs(text, stdout);
3009
3010 finish:
3011         if (reply)
3012                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3013
3014         dbus_error_free(&error);
3015
3016         return r;
3017 }
3018
3019 static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
3020         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
3021         DBusError error;
3022         int r;
3023         dbus_bool_t cleanup = FALSE;
3024         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
3025         const char
3026                 *name = "", *path, *id,
3027                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
3028                 *property = "Id";
3029         char *n;
3030
3031         dbus_error_init(&error);
3032
3033         if (strv_length(args) > 1)
3034                 name = args[1];
3035
3036         n = unit_name_mangle(name);
3037         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
3038                         bus,
3039                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3040                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3041                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3042                         "CreateSnapshot",
3043                         &reply,
3044                         NULL,
3045                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? (const char**) &n : &name,
3046                         DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
3047                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
3048         free(n);
3049         if (r)
3050                 goto finish;
3051
3052         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
3053                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
3054                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3055                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3056                 r = -EIO;
3057                 goto finish;
3058         }
3059
3060         dbus_message_unref(reply);
3061         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
3062                         bus,
3063                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3064                         path,
3065                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
3066                         "Get",
3067                         &reply,
3068                         NULL,
3069                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
3070                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
3071                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
3072         if (r)
3073                 goto finish;
3074
3075         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
3076             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
3077                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3078                 r = -EIO;
3079                 goto finish;
3080         }
3081
3082         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
3083
3084         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
3085                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3086                 r = -EIO;
3087                 goto finish;
3088         }
3089
3090         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
3091
3092         if (!arg_quiet)
3093                 puts(id);
3094
3095 finish:
3096         if (reply)
3097                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3098
3099         dbus_error_free(&error);
3100
3101         return r;
3102 }
3103
3104 static int delete_snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
3105         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
3106         int r = 0;
3107         DBusError error;
3108         char **name;
3109
3110         assert(args);
3111
3112         dbus_error_init(&error);
3113
3114         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
3115                 const char *path = NULL;
3116                 char *n;
3117
3118                 n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
3119                 r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
3120                                 bus,
3121                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3122                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3123                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3124                                 "GetUnit",
3125                                 &reply,
3126                                 NULL,
3127                                 DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
3128                                 DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
3129                 free(n);
3130                 if (r)
3131                         goto finish;
3132
3133                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
3134                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
3135                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3136                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3137                         r = -EIO;
3138                         dbus_message_unref(reply);
3139                         dbus_error_free(&error);
3140                         goto finish;
3141                 }
3142                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3143
3144                 r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
3145                                 bus,
3146                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3147                                 path,
3148                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
3149                                 "Remove",
3150                                 NULL,
3151                                 NULL,
3152                                 DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
3153                 if (r)
3154                         goto finish;
3155         }
3156
3157 finish:
3158         return r;
3159 }
3160
3161 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
3162         int r;
3163         const char *method;
3164         DBusError error;
3165
3166         if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
3167                 method = "Reload";
3168         else if (arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC)
3169                 method = "Reexecute";
3170         else {
3171                 assert(arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL);
3172
3173                 method =
3174                         streq(args[0], "clear-jobs")    ||
3175                         streq(args[0], "cancel")        ? "ClearJobs" :
3176                         streq(args[0], "daemon-reexec") ? "Reexecute" :
3177                         streq(args[0], "reset-failed")  ? "ResetFailed" :
3178                         streq(args[0], "halt")          ? "Halt" :
3179                         streq(args[0], "poweroff")      ? "PowerOff" :
3180                         streq(args[0], "reboot")        ? "Reboot" :
3181                         streq(args[0], "kexec")         ? "KExec" :
3182                         streq(args[0], "exit")          ? "Exit" :
3183                                     /* "daemon-reload" */ "Reload";
3184         }
3185
3186         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
3187                         bus,
3188                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3189                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3190                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3191                         method,
3192                         NULL,
3193                         &error,
3194                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
3195
3196         if (r == -ENOENT && arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL)
3197                 /* There's always a fallback possible for
3198                  * legacy actions. */
3199                 r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
3200         else if (r == -ETIMEDOUT && streq(method, "Reexecute"))
3201                 /* On reexecution, we expect a disconnect, not
3202                  * a reply */
3203                 r = 0;
3204         else if (r)
3205                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3206         dbus_error_free(&error);
3207
3208         return r;
3209 }
3210
3211 static int reset_failed(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
3212         int r = 0;
3213         char **name, *n;
3214
3215         if (strv_length(args) <= 1)
3216                 return daemon_reload(bus, args);
3217
3218         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
3219                 n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
3220                 r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
3221                                 bus,
3222                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3223                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3224                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3225                                 "ResetFailedUnit",
3226                                 NULL,
3227                                 NULL,
3228                                 DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
3229                                 DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
3230                 free(n);
3231                 if (r)
3232                         goto finish;
3233         }
3234
3235 finish:
3236         return r;
3237 }
3238
3239 static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
3240         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
3241         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
3242         int r;
3243         const char
3244                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3245                 *property = "Environment";
3246
3247         pager_open_if_enabled();
3248
3249         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
3250                         bus,
3251                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3252                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3253                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
3254                         "Get",
3255                         &reply,
3256                         NULL,
3257                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
3258                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
3259                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
3260         if (r)
3261                 goto finish;
3262
3263         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
3264             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
3265                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3266                 r = -EIO;
3267                 goto finish;
3268         }
3269
3270         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
3271
3272         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
3273             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
3274                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3275                 r = -EIO;
3276                 goto finish;
3277         }
3278
3279         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
3280
3281         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
3282                 const char *text;
3283
3284                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
3285                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3286                         r = -EIO;
3287                         goto finish;
3288                 }
3289
3290                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub2, &text);
3291                 printf("%s\n", text);
3292
3293                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2);
3294         }
3295
3296         r = 0;
3297
3298 finish:
3299         if (reply)
3300                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3301
3302         return r;
3303 }
3304
3305 static int switch_root(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
3306         unsigned l;
3307         const char *root, *init;
3308
3309         l = strv_length(args);
3310         if (l < 2 || l > 3) {
3311                 log_error("Wrong number of arguments.");
3312                 return -EINVAL;
3313         }
3314
3315         root = args[1];
3316         init = l >= 3 ? args[2] : "";
3317
3318         return bus_method_call_with_reply (
3319                         bus,
3320                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3321                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3322                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3323                         "SwitchRoot",
3324                         NULL,
3325                         NULL,
3326                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &root,
3327                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &init,
3328                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
3329 }
3330
3331 static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
3332         _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3333         DBusError error;
3334         const char *method;
3335         DBusMessageIter iter;
3336         int r;
3337
3338         assert(bus);
3339
3340         dbus_error_init(&error);
3341
3342         method = streq(args[0], "set-environment")
3343                 ? "SetEnvironment"
3344                 : "UnsetEnvironment";
3345
3346         m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3347                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3348                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3349                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3350                         method);
3351         if (!m)
3352                 return log_oom();
3353
3354         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
3355
3356         r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, args + 1);
3357         if (r < 0)
3358                 return log_oom();
3359
3360         reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
3361         if (!reply) {
3362                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3363                 r = -EIO;
3364                 goto finish;
3365         }
3366
3367         r = 0;
3368
3369 finish:
3370         dbus_error_free(&error);
3371         return r;
3372 }
3373
3374 static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
3375         int r = 0;
3376
3377 #if defined (HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT) && (defined(TARGET_FEDORA) || defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA) || defined(TARGET_SUSE) || defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX) || defined(TARGET_MAGEIA))
3378         const char *verb = args[0];
3379         unsigned f = 1, t = 1;
3380         LookupPaths paths;
3381
3382         if (arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM)
3383                 return 0;
3384
3385         if (!streq(verb, "enable") &&
3386             !streq(verb, "disable") &&
3387             !streq(verb, "is-enabled"))
3388                 return 0;
3389
3390         /* Processes all SysV units, and reshuffles the array so that
3391          * afterwards only the native units remain */
3392
3393         zero(paths);
3394         r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, SYSTEMD_SYSTEM, false, NULL, NULL, NULL);
3395         if (r < 0)
3396                 return r;
3397
3398         r = 0;
3399         for (f = 1; args[f]; f++) {
3400                 const char *name;
3401                 char *p;
3402                 bool found_native = false, found_sysv;
3403                 unsigned c = 1;
3404                 const char *argv[6] = { "/sbin/chkconfig", NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
3405                 char **k, *l, *q = NULL;
3406                 int j;
3407                 pid_t pid;
3408                 siginfo_t status;
3409
3410                 name = args[f];
3411
3412                 if (!endswith(name, ".service"))
3413                         continue;
3414
3415                 if (path_is_absolute(name))
3416                         continue;
3417
3418                 STRV_FOREACH(k, paths.unit_path) {
3419                         p = NULL;
3420
3421                         if (!isempty(arg_root))
3422                                 asprintf(&p, "%s/%s/%s", arg_root, *k, name);
3423                         else
3424                                 asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", *k, name);
3425
3426                         if (!p) {
3427                                 r = log_oom();
3428                                 goto finish;
3429                         }
3430
3431                         found_native = access(p, F_OK) >= 0;
3432                         free(p);
3433
3434                         if (found_native)
3435                                 break;
3436                 }
3437
3438                 if (found_native)
3439                         continue;
3440
3441                 p = NULL;
3442                 if (!isempty(arg_root))
3443                         asprintf(&p, "%s/" SYSTEM_SYSVINIT_PATH "/%s", arg_root, name);
3444                 else
3445                         asprintf(&p, SYSTEM_SYSVINIT_PATH "/%s", name);
3446                 if (!p) {
3447                         r = log_oom();
3448                         goto finish;
3449                 }
3450
3451                 p[strlen(p) - sizeof(".service") + 1] = 0;
3452                 found_sysv = access(p, F_OK) >= 0;
3453
3454                 if (!found_sysv) {
3455                         free(p);
3456                         continue;
3457                 }
3458
3459                 /* Mark this entry, so that we don't try enabling it as native unit */
3460                 args[f] = (char*) "";
3461
3462                 log_info("%s is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.", name);
3463
3464                 if (!isempty(arg_root))
3465                         argv[c++] = q = strappend("--root=", arg_root);
3466
3467                 argv[c++] = path_get_file_name(p);
3468                 argv[c++] =
3469                         streq(verb, "enable") ? "on" :
3470                         streq(verb, "disable") ? "off" : "--level=5";
3471                 argv[c] = NULL;
3472
3473                 l = strv_join((char**)argv, " ");
3474                 if (!l) {
3475                         free(q);
3476                         free(p);
3477                         r = log_oom();
3478                         goto finish;
3479                 }
3480
3481                 log_info("Executing %s", l);
3482                 free(l);
3483
3484                 pid = fork();
3485                 if (pid < 0) {
3486                         log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3487                         free(p);
3488                         free(q);
3489                         r = -errno;
3490                         goto finish;
3491                 } else if (pid == 0) {
3492                         /* Child */
3493
3494                         execv(argv[0], (char**) argv);
3495                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3496                 }
3497
3498                 free(p);
3499                 free(q);
3500
3501                 j = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3502                 if (j < 0) {
3503                         log_error("Failed to wait for child: %s", strerror(-r));
3504                         r = j;
3505                         goto finish;
3506                 }
3507
3508                 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3509                         if (streq(verb, "is-enabled")) {
3510                                 if (status.si_status == 0) {
3511                                         if (!arg_quiet)
3512                                                 puts("enabled");
3513                                         r = 1;
3514                                 } else {
3515                                         if (!arg_quiet)
3516                                                 puts("disabled");
3517                                 }
3518
3519                         } else if (status.si_status != 0) {
3520                                 r = -EINVAL;
3521                                 goto finish;
3522                         }
3523                 } else {
3524                         r = -EPROTO;
3525                         goto finish;
3526                 }
3527         }
3528
3529 finish:
3530         lookup_paths_free(&paths);
3531
3532         /* Drop all SysV units */
3533         for (f = 1, t = 1; args[f]; f++) {
3534
3535                 if (isempty(args[f]))
3536                         continue;
3537
3538                 args[t++] = args[f];
3539         }
3540
3541         args[t] = NULL;
3542
3543 #endif
3544         return r;
3545 }
3546
3547 static int mangle_names(char **original_names, char ***mangled_names) {
3548         char **i, **l, **name;
3549
3550         l = new(char*, strv_length(original_names) + 1);
3551         if (!l)
3552                 return log_oom();
3553
3554         i = l;
3555         STRV_FOREACH(name, original_names) {
3556
3557                 /* When enabling units qualified path names are OK,
3558                  * too, hence allow them explicitly. */
3559
3560                 if (is_path(*name))
3561                         *i = strdup(*name);
3562                 else
3563                         *i = unit_name_mangle(*name);
3564
3565                 if (!*i) {
3566                         strv_free(l);
3567                         return log_oom();
3568                 }
3569
3570                 i++;
3571         }
3572
3573         *i = NULL;
3574         *mangled_names = l;
3575
3576         return 0;
3577 }
3578
3579 static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
3580         const char *verb = args[0];
3581         UnitFileChange *changes = NULL;
3582         unsigned n_changes = 0, i;
3583         int carries_install_info = -1;
3584         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
3585         int r;
3586         DBusError error;
3587         char **mangled_names = NULL;
3588
3589         r = enable_sysv_units(args);
3590         if (r < 0)
3591                 return r;
3592
3593         if (!args[1])
3594                 return 0;
3595
3596         dbus_error_init(&error);
3597
3598         if (!bus || avoid_bus()) {
3599                 if (streq(verb, "enable")) {
3600                         r = unit_file_enable(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, args+1, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
3601                         carries_install_info = r;
3602                 } else if (streq(verb, "disable"))
3603                         r = unit_file_disable(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, args+1, &changes, &n_changes);
3604                 else if (streq(verb, "reenable")) {
3605                         r = unit_file_reenable(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, args+1, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
3606                         carries_install_info = r;
3607                 } else if (streq(verb, "link"))
3608                         r = unit_file_link(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, args+1, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
3609                 else if (streq(verb, "preset")) {
3610                         r = unit_file_preset(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, args+1, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
3611                         carries_install_info = r;
3612                 } else if (streq(verb, "mask"))
3613                         r = unit_file_mask(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, args+1, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
3614                 else if (streq(verb, "unmask"))
3615                         r = unit_file_unmask(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, args+1, &changes, &n_changes);
3616                 else
3617                         assert_not_reached("Unknown verb");
3618
3619                 if (r < 0) {
3620                         log_error("Operation failed: %s", strerror(-r));
3621                         goto finish;
3622                 }
3623
3624                 if (!arg_quiet) {
3625                         for (i = 0; i < n_changes; i++) {
3626                                 if (changes[i].type == UNIT_FILE_SYMLINK)
3627                                         log_info("ln -s '%s' '%s'", changes[i].source, changes[i].path);
3628                                 else
3629                                         log_info("rm '%s'", changes[i].path);
3630                         }
3631                 }
3632
3633                 r = 0;
3634         } else {
3635                 const char *method;
3636                 bool send_force = true, expect_carries_install_info = false;
3637                 dbus_bool_t a, b;
3638                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
3639
3640                 if (streq(verb, "enable")) {
3641                         method = "EnableUnitFiles";
3642                         expect_carries_install_info = true;
3643                 } else if (streq(verb, "disable")) {
3644                         method = "DisableUnitFiles";
3645                         send_force = false;
3646                 } else if (streq(verb, "reenable")) {
3647                         method = "ReenableUnitFiles";
3648                         expect_carries_install_info = true;
3649                 } else if (streq(verb, "link"))
3650                         method = "LinkUnitFiles";
3651                 else if (streq(verb, "preset")) {
3652                         method = "PresetUnitFiles";
3653                         expect_carries_install_info = true;
3654                 } else if (streq(verb, "mask"))
3655                         method = "MaskUnitFiles";
3656                 else if (streq(verb, "unmask")) {
3657                         method = "UnmaskUnitFiles";
3658                         send_force = false;
3659                 } else
3660                         assert_not_reached("Unknown verb");
3661
3662                 m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
3663                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3664                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3665                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3666                                 method);
3667                 if (!m) {
3668                         r = log_oom();
3669                         goto finish;
3670                 }
3671
3672                 dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
3673
3674                 r = mangle_names(args+1, &mangled_names);
3675                 if(r < 0)
3676                         goto finish;
3677
3678                 r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, mangled_names);
3679                 if (r < 0) {
3680                         log_error("Failed to append unit files.");
3681                         goto finish;
3682                 }
3683
3684                 a = arg_runtime;
3685                 if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &a)) {
3686                         log_error("Failed to append runtime boolean.");
3687                         r = -ENOMEM;
3688                         goto finish;
3689                 }
3690
3691                 if (send_force) {
3692                         b = arg_force;
3693
3694                         if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &b)) {
3695                                 log_error("Failed to append force boolean.");
3696                                 r = -ENOMEM;
3697                                 goto finish;
3698                         }
3699                 }
3700
3701                 reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
3702                 if (!reply) {
3703                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3704                         r = -EIO;
3705                         goto finish;
3706                 }
3707
3708                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter)) {
3709                         log_error("Failed to initialize iterator.");
3710                         goto finish;
3711                 }
3712
3713                 if (expect_carries_install_info) {
3714                         r = bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &b, true);
3715                         if (r < 0) {
3716                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3717                                 goto finish;
3718                         }
3719
3720                         carries_install_info = b;
3721                 }
3722
3723                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
3724                     dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
3725                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3726                         r = -EIO;
3727                         goto finish;
3728                 }
3729
3730                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
3731                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
3732                         const char *type, *path, *source;
3733
3734                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
3735                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3736                                 r = -EIO;
3737                                 goto finish;
3738                         }
3739
3740                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
3741
3742                         if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) < 0 ||
3743                             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, true) < 0 ||
3744                             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &source, false) < 0) {
3745                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
3746                                 r = -EIO;
3747                                 goto finish;
3748                         }
3749
3750                         if (!arg_quiet) {
3751                                 if (streq(type, "symlink"))
3752                                         log_info("ln -s '%s' '%s'", source, path);
3753                                 else
3754                                         log_info("rm '%s'", path);
3755                         }
3756
3757                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
3758                 }
3759
3760                 /* Try to reload if enabeld */
3761                 if (!arg_no_reload)
3762                         r = daemon_reload(bus, args);
3763         }
3764
3765         if (carries_install_info == 0)
3766                 log_warning("The unit files have no [Install] section. They are not meant to be enabled using systemctl.");
3767
3768 finish:
3769         if (m)
3770                 dbus_message_unref(m);
3771
3772         if (reply)
3773                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3774
3775         unit_file_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
3776
3777         dbus_error_free(&error);
3778
3779         strv_free(mangled_names);
3780
3781         return r;
3782 }
3783
3784 static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
3785         DBusError error;
3786         int r;
3787         DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
3788         bool enabled;
3789         char **name;
3790
3791         dbus_error_init(&error);
3792
3793         r = enable_sysv_units(args);
3794         if (r < 0)
3795                 return r;
3796
3797         enabled = r > 0;
3798
3799         if (!bus || avoid_bus()) {
3800
3801                 STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
3802                         UnitFileState state;
3803
3804                         state = unit_file_get_state(arg_scope, arg_root, *name);
3805                         if (state < 0) {
3806                                 r = state;
3807                                 goto finish;
3808                         }
3809
3810                         if (state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED ||
3811                             state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED_RUNTIME ||
3812                             state == UNIT_FILE_STATIC)
3813                                 enabled = true;
3814
3815                         if (!arg_quiet)
3816                                 puts(unit_file_state_to_string(state));
3817                 }
3818
3819         } else {
3820                 STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
3821                         const char *s;
3822
3823                         r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
3824                                         bus,
3825                                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3826                                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
3827                                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
3828                                         "GetUnitFileState",
3829                                         &reply,
3830                                         NULL,
3831                                         DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
3832                                         DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
3833                         if (r)
3834                                 goto finish;
3835
3836                         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
3837                                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &s,
3838                                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
3839                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
3840                                 r = -EIO;
3841                                 goto finish;
3842                         }
3843
3844                         dbus_message_unref(reply);
3845                         reply = NULL;
3846
3847                         if (streq(s, "enabled") ||
3848                             streq(s, "enabled-runtime") ||
3849                             streq(s, "static"))
3850                                 enabled = true;
3851
3852                         if (!arg_quiet)
3853                                 puts(s);
3854                 }
3855         }
3856
3857         r = enabled ? 0 : 1;
3858
3859 finish:
3860         if (reply)
3861                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
3862
3863         dbus_error_free(&error);
3864         return r;
3865 }
3866
3867 static int systemctl_help(void) {
3868
3869         pager_open_if_enabled();
3870
3871         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
3872                "Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.\n\n"
3873                "  -h --help           Show this help\n"
3874                "     --version        Show package version\n"
3875                "  -t --type=TYPE      List only units of a particular type\n"
3876                "  -p --property=NAME  Show only properties by this name\n"
3877                "  -a --all            Show all units/properties, including dead/empty ones\n"
3878                "     --failed         Show only failed units\n"
3879                "     --full           Don't ellipsize unit names on output\n"
3880                "     --fail           When queueing a new job, fail if conflicting jobs are\n"
3881                "                      pending\n"
3882                "     --ignore-dependencies\n"
3883                "                      When queueing a new job, ignore all its dependencies\n"
3884                "     --kill-who=WHO   Who to send signal to\n"
3885                "  -s --signal=SIGNAL  Which signal to send\n"
3886                "  -H --host=[USER@]HOST\n"
3887                "                      Show information for remote host\n"
3888                "  -P --privileged     Acquire privileges before execution\n"
3889                "  -q --quiet          Suppress output\n"
3890                "     --no-block       Do not wait until operation finished\n"
3891                "     --no-wall        Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
3892                "     --no-reload      When enabling/disabling unit files, don't reload daemon\n"
3893                "                      configuration\n"
3894                "     --no-legend      Do not print a legend (column headers and hints)\n"
3895                "     --no-pager       Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
3896                "     --no-ask-password\n"
3897                "                      Do not ask for system passwords\n"
3898                "     --order          When generating graph for dot, show only order\n"
3899                "     --require        When generating graph for dot, show only requirement\n"
3900                "     --system         Connect to system manager\n"
3901                "     --user           Connect to user service manager\n"
3902                "     --global         Enable/disable unit files globally\n"
3903                "  -f --force          When enabling unit files, override existing symlinks\n"
3904                "                      When shutting down, execute action immediately\n"
3905                "     --root=PATH      Enable unit files in the specified root directory\n"
3906                "     --runtime        Enable unit files only temporarily until next reboot\n"
3907                "  -n --lines=INTEGER  Journal entries to show\n"
3908                "  -o --output=STRING  Change journal output mode (short, short-monotonic,\n"
3909                "                      verbose, export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)\n\n"
3910                "Unit Commands:\n"
3911                "  list-units                      List loaded units\n"
3912                "  start [NAME...]                 Start (activate) one or more units\n"
3913                "  stop [NAME...]                  Stop (deactivate) one or more units\n"
3914                "  reload [NAME...]                Reload one or more units\n"
3915                "  restart [NAME...]               Start or restart one or more units\n"
3916                "  try-restart [NAME...]           Restart one or more units if active\n"
3917                "  reload-or-restart [NAME...]     Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
3918                "                                  otherwise start or restart\n"
3919                "  reload-or-try-restart [NAME...] Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
3920                "                                  otherwise restart if active\n"
3921                "  isolate [NAME]                  Start one unit and stop all others\n"
3922                "  kill [NAME...]                  Send signal to processes of a unit\n"
3923                "  is-active [NAME...]             Check whether units are active\n"
3924                "  status [NAME...|PID...]         Show runtime status of one or more units\n"
3925                "  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show properties of one or more\n"
3926                "                                  units/jobs or the manager\n"
3927                "  help [NAME...|PID...]            Show manual for one or more units\n"
3928                "  reset-failed [NAME...]          Reset failed state for all, one, or more\n"
3929                "                                  units\n"
3930                "  load [NAME...]                  Load one or more units\n\n"
3931                "Unit File Commands:\n"
3932                "  list-unit-files                 List installed unit files\n"
3933                "  enable [NAME...]                Enable one or more unit files\n"
3934                "  disable [NAME...]               Disable one or more unit files\n"
3935                "  reenable [NAME...]              Reenable one or more unit files\n"
3936                "  preset [NAME...]                Enable/disable one or more unit files\n"
3937                "                                  based on preset configuration\n"
3938                "  mask [NAME...]                  Mask one or more units\n"
3939                "  unmask [NAME...]                Unmask one or more units\n"
3940                "  link [PATH...]                  Link one or more units files into\n"
3941                "                                  the search path\n"
3942                "  is-enabled [NAME...]            Check whether unit files are enabled\n\n"
3943                "Job Commands:\n"
3944                "  list-jobs                       List jobs\n"
3945                "  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel all, one, or more jobs\n\n"
3946                "Status Commands:\n"
3947                "  dump                            Dump server status\n"
3948                "  dot                             Dump dependency graph for dot(1)\n\n"
3949                "Snapshot Commands:\n"
3950                "  snapshot [NAME]                 Create a snapshot\n"
3951                "  delete [NAME...]                Remove one or more snapshots\n\n"
3952                "Environment Commands:\n"
3953                "  show-environment                Dump environment\n"
3954                "  set-environment [NAME=VALUE...] Set one or more environment variables\n"
3955                "  unset-environment [NAME...]     Unset one or more environment variables\n\n"
3956                "Manager Lifecycle Commands:\n"
3957                "  daemon-reload                   Reload systemd manager configuration\n"
3958                "  daemon-reexec                   Reexecute systemd manager\n\n"
3959                "System Commands:\n"
3960                "  default                         Enter system default mode\n"
3961                "  rescue                          Enter system rescue mode\n"
3962                "  emergency                       Enter system emergency mode\n"
3963                "  halt                            Shut down and halt the system\n"
3964                "  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system\n"
3965                "  reboot                          Shut down and reboot the system\n"
3966                "  kexec                           Shut down and reboot the system with kexec\n"
3967                "  exit                            Request user instance exit\n"
3968                "  switch-root [ROOT] [INIT]       Change to a different root file system\n"
3969                "  suspend                         Suspend the system\n"
3970                "  hibernate                       Hibernate the system\n",
3971                program_invocation_short_name);
3972
3973         return 0;
3974 }
3975
3976 static int halt_help(void) {
3977
3978         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
3979                "%s the system.\n\n"
3980                "     --help      Show this help\n"
3981                "     --halt      Halt the machine\n"
3982                "  -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine\n"
3983                "     --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
3984                "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
3985                "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
3986                "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
3987                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
3988                program_invocation_short_name,
3989                arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
3990                arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? "Power off" :
3991                                                "Halt");
3992
3993         return 0;
3994 }
3995
3996 static int shutdown_help(void) {
3997
3998         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [TIME] [WALL...]\n\n"
3999                "Shut down the system.\n\n"
4000                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4001                "  -H --halt      Halt the machine\n"
4002                "  -P --poweroff  Power-off the machine\n"
4003                "  -r --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
4004                "  -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overridden by --halt\n"
4005                "  -k             Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings\n"
4006                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
4007                "  -c             Cancel a pending shutdown\n",
4008                program_invocation_short_name);
4009
4010         return 0;
4011 }
4012
4013 static int telinit_help(void) {
4014
4015         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}\n\n"
4016                "Send control commands to the init daemon.\n\n"
4017                "     --help      Show this help\n"
4018                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
4019                "Commands:\n"
4020                "  0              Power-off the machine\n"
4021                "  6              Reboot the machine\n"
4022                "  2, 3, 4, 5     Start runlevelX.target unit\n"
4023                "  1, s, S        Enter rescue mode\n"
4024                "  q, Q           Reload init daemon configuration\n"
4025                "  u, U           Reexecute init daemon\n",
4026                program_invocation_short_name);
4027
4028         return 0;
4029 }
4030
4031 static int runlevel_help(void) {
4032
4033         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
4034                "Prints the previous and current runlevel of the init system.\n\n"
4035                "     --help      Show this help\n",
4036                program_invocation_short_name);
4037
4038         return 0;
4039 }
4040
4041 static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4042
4043         enum {
4044                 ARG_FAIL = 0x100,
4045                 ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES,
4046                 ARG_VERSION,
4047                 ARG_USER,
4048                 ARG_SYSTEM,
4049                 ARG_GLOBAL,
4050                 ARG_NO_BLOCK,
4051                 ARG_NO_LEGEND,
4052                 ARG_NO_PAGER,
4053                 ARG_NO_WALL,
4054                 ARG_ORDER,
4055                 ARG_REQUIRE,
4056                 ARG_ROOT,
4057                 ARG_FULL,
4058                 ARG_NO_RELOAD,
4059                 ARG_KILL_WHO,
4060                 ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD,
4061                 ARG_FAILED,
4062                 ARG_RUNTIME,
4063                 ARG_FORCE
4064         };
4065
4066         static const struct option options[] = {
4067                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, 'h'           },
4068                 { "version",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION   },
4069                 { "type",      required_argument, NULL, 't'           },
4070                 { "property",  required_argument, NULL, 'p'           },
4071                 { "all",       no_argument,       NULL, 'a'           },
4072                 { "failed",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAILED    },
4073                 { "full",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FULL      },
4074                 { "fail",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAIL      },
4075                 { "ignore-dependencies", no_argument, NULL, ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES },
4076                 { "user",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER      },
4077                 { "system",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM    },
4078                 { "global",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GLOBAL    },
4079                 { "no-block",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_BLOCK  },
4080                 { "no-legend", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_LEGEND },
4081                 { "no-pager",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER  },
4082                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL   },
4083                 { "quiet",     no_argument,       NULL, 'q'           },
4084                 { "order",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ORDER     },
4085                 { "require",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REQUIRE   },
4086                 { "root",      required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT      },
4087                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FORCE     },
4088                 { "no-reload", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_RELOAD },
4089                 { "kill-who",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_WHO  },
4090                 { "signal",    required_argument, NULL, 's'           },
4091                 { "no-ask-password", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD },
4092                 { "host",      required_argument, NULL, 'H'           },
4093                 { "privileged",no_argument,       NULL, 'P'           },
4094                 { "runtime",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_RUNTIME   },
4095                 { "lines",     required_argument, NULL, 'n'           },
4096                 { "output",    required_argument, NULL, 'o'           },
4097                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0             }
4098         };
4099
4100         int c;
4101
4102         assert(argc >= 0);
4103         assert(argv);
4104
4105         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aqfs:H:Pn:o:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4106
4107                 switch (c) {
4108
4109                 case 'h':
4110                         systemctl_help();
4111                         return 0;
4112
4113                 case ARG_VERSION:
4114                         puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
4115                         puts(DISTRIBUTION);
4116                         puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
4117                         return 0;
4118
4119                 case 't':
4120                         if (unit_type_from_string(optarg) >= 0) {
4121                                 arg_type = optarg;
4122                                 break;
4123                         }
4124                         if (unit_load_state_from_string(optarg) >= 0) {
4125                                 arg_load_state = optarg;
4126                                 break;
4127                         }
4128                         log_error("Unkown unit type or load state '%s'.",
4129                                   optarg);
4130                         return -EINVAL;
4131                 case 'p': {
4132                         char **l;
4133
4134                         if (!(l = strv_append(arg_property, optarg)))
4135                                 return -ENOMEM;
4136
4137                         strv_free(arg_property);
4138                         arg_property = l;
4139
4140                         /* If the user asked for a particular
4141                          * property, show it to him, even if it is
4142                          * empty. */
4143                         arg_all = true;
4144                         break;
4145                 }
4146
4147                 case 'a':
4148                         arg_all = true;
4149                         break;
4150
4151                 case ARG_FAIL:
4152                         arg_job_mode = "fail";
4153                         break;
4154
4155                 case ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES:
4156                         arg_job_mode = "ignore-dependencies";
4157                         break;
4158
4159                 case ARG_USER:
4160                         arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_USER;
4161                         break;
4162
4163                 case ARG_SYSTEM:
4164                         arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
4165                         break;
4166
4167                 case ARG_GLOBAL:
4168                         arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL;
4169                         break;
4170
4171                 case ARG_NO_BLOCK:
4172                         arg_no_block = true;
4173                         break;
4174
4175                 case ARG_NO_LEGEND:
4176                         arg_no_legend = true;
4177                         break;
4178
4179                 case ARG_NO_PAGER:
4180                         arg_no_pager = true;
4181                         break;
4182
4183                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4184                         arg_no_wall = true;
4185                         break;
4186
4187                 case ARG_ORDER:
4188                         arg_dot = DOT_ORDER;
4189                         break;
4190
4191                 case ARG_REQUIRE:
4192                         arg_dot = DOT_REQUIRE;
4193                         break;
4194
4195                 case ARG_ROOT:
4196                         arg_root = optarg;
4197                         break;
4198
4199                 case ARG_FULL:
4200                         arg_full = true;
4201                         break;
4202
4203                 case ARG_FAILED:
4204                         arg_failed = true;
4205                         break;
4206
4207                 case 'q':
4208                         arg_quiet = true;
4209                         break;
4210
4211                 case ARG_FORCE:
4212                         arg_force ++;
4213                         break;
4214
4215                 case 'f':
4216                         arg_force ++;
4217                         break;
4218
4219                 case ARG_NO_RELOAD:
4220                         arg_no_reload = true;
4221                         break;
4222
4223                 case ARG_KILL_WHO:
4224                         arg_kill_who = optarg;
4225                         break;
4226
4227                 case 's':
4228                         if ((arg_signal = signal_from_string_try_harder(optarg)) < 0) {
4229                                 log_error("Failed to parse signal string %s.", optarg);
4230                                 return -EINVAL;
4231                         }
4232                         break;
4233
4234                 case ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD:
4235                         arg_ask_password = false;
4236                         break;
4237
4238                 case 'P':
4239                         arg_transport = TRANSPORT_POLKIT;
4240                         break;
4241
4242                 case 'H':
4243                         arg_transport = TRANSPORT_SSH;
4244                         arg_host = optarg;
4245                         break;
4246
4247                 case ARG_RUNTIME:
4248                         arg_runtime = true;
4249                         break;
4250
4251                 case 'n':
4252                         if (safe_atou(optarg, &arg_lines) < 0) {
4253                                 log_error("Failed to parse lines '%s'", optarg);
4254                                 return -EINVAL;
4255                         }
4256                         break;
4257
4258                 case 'o':
4259                         arg_output = output_mode_from_string(optarg);
4260                         if (arg_output < 0) {
4261                                 log_error("Unknown output '%s'.", optarg);
4262                                 return -EINVAL;
4263                         }
4264                         break;
4265
4266                 case '?':
4267                         return -EINVAL;
4268
4269                 default:
4270                         log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
4271                         return -EINVAL;
4272                 }
4273         }
4274
4275         if (arg_transport != TRANSPORT_NORMAL && arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM) {
4276                 log_error("Cannot access user instance remotely.");
4277                 return -EINVAL;
4278         }
4279
4280         return 1;
4281 }
4282
4283 static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4284
4285         enum {
4286                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4287                 ARG_HALT,
4288                 ARG_REBOOT,
4289                 ARG_NO_WALL
4290         };
4291
4292         static const struct option options[] = {
4293                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4294                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HALT    },
4295                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'p'         },
4296                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REBOOT  },
4297                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
4298                 { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
4299                 { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
4300                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4301                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4302         };
4303
4304         int c, runlevel;
4305
4306         assert(argc >= 0);
4307         assert(argv);
4308
4309         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, NULL) >= 0)
4310                 if (runlevel == '0' || runlevel == '6')
4311                         arg_force = 2;
4312
4313         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "pfwdnih", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4314                 switch (c) {
4315
4316                 case ARG_HELP:
4317                         halt_help();
4318                         return 0;
4319
4320                 case ARG_HALT:
4321                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4322                         break;
4323
4324                 case 'p':
4325                         if (arg_action != ACTION_REBOOT)
4326                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4327                         break;
4328
4329                 case ARG_REBOOT:
4330                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4331                         break;
4332
4333                 case 'f':
4334                         arg_force = 2;
4335                         break;
4336
4337                 case 'w':
4338                         arg_dry = true;
4339                         break;
4340
4341                 case 'd':
4342                         arg_no_wtmp = true;
4343                         break;
4344
4345                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4346                         arg_no_wall = true;
4347                         break;
4348
4349                 case 'i':
4350                 case 'h':
4351                 case 'n':
4352                         /* Compatibility nops */
4353                         break;
4354
4355                 case '?':
4356                         return -EINVAL;
4357
4358                 default:
4359                         log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
4360                         return -EINVAL;
4361                 }
4362         }
4363
4364         if (optind < argc) {
4365                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4366                 return -EINVAL;
4367         }
4368
4369         return 1;
4370 }
4371
4372 static int parse_time_spec(const char *t, usec_t *_u) {
4373         assert(t);
4374         assert(_u);
4375
4376         if (streq(t, "now"))
4377                 *_u = 0;
4378         else if (!strchr(t, ':')) {
4379                 uint64_t u;
4380
4381                 if (safe_atou64(t, &u) < 0)
4382                         return -EINVAL;
4383
4384                 *_u = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE * u;
4385         } else {
4386                 char *e = NULL;
4387                 long hour, minute;
4388                 struct tm tm;
4389                 time_t s;
4390                 usec_t n;
4391
4392                 errno = 0;
4393                 hour = strtol(t, &e, 10);
4394                 if (errno != 0 || *e != ':' || hour < 0 || hour > 23)
4395                         return -EINVAL;
4396
4397                 minute = strtol(e+1, &e, 10);
4398                 if (errno != 0 || *e != 0 || minute < 0 || minute > 59)
4399                         return -EINVAL;
4400
4401                 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
4402                 s = (time_t) (n / USEC_PER_SEC);
4403
4404                 zero(tm);
4405                 assert_se(localtime_r(&s, &tm));
4406
4407                 tm.tm_hour = (int) hour;
4408                 tm.tm_min = (int) minute;
4409                 tm.tm_sec = 0;
4410
4411                 assert_se(s = mktime(&tm));
4412
4413                 *_u = (usec_t) s * USEC_PER_SEC;
4414
4415                 while (*_u <= n)
4416                         *_u += USEC_PER_DAY;
4417         }
4418
4419         return 0;
4420 }
4421
4422 static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4423
4424         enum {
4425                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4426                 ARG_NO_WALL
4427         };
4428
4429         static const struct option options[] = {
4430                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4431                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, 'H'         },
4432                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'P'         },
4433                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, 'r'         },
4434                 { "kexec",     no_argument,       NULL, 'K'         }, /* not documented extension */
4435                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4436                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4437         };
4438
4439         int c, r;
4440
4441         assert(argc >= 0);
4442         assert(argv);
4443
4444         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "HPrhkt:afFc", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4445                 switch (c) {
4446
4447                 case ARG_HELP:
4448                         shutdown_help();
4449                         return 0;
4450
4451                 case 'H':
4452                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4453                         break;
4454
4455                 case 'P':
4456                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4457                         break;
4458
4459                 case 'r':
4460                         if (kexec_loaded())
4461                                 arg_action = ACTION_KEXEC;
4462                         else
4463                                 arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4464                         break;
4465
4466                 case 'K':
4467                         arg_action = ACTION_KEXEC;
4468                         break;
4469
4470                 case 'h':
4471                         if (arg_action != ACTION_HALT)
4472                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4473                         break;
4474
4475                 case 'k':
4476                         arg_dry = true;
4477                         break;
4478
4479                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4480                         arg_no_wall = true;
4481                         break;
4482
4483                 case 't':
4484                 case 'a':
4485                         /* Compatibility nops */
4486                         break;
4487
4488                 case 'c':
4489                         arg_action = ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN;
4490                         break;
4491
4492                 case '?':
4493                         return -EINVAL;
4494
4495                 default:
4496                         log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
4497                         return -EINVAL;
4498                 }
4499         }
4500
4501         if (argc > optind && arg_action != ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN) {
4502                 r = parse_time_spec(argv[optind], &arg_when);
4503                 if (r < 0) {
4504                         log_error("Failed to parse time specification: %s", argv[optind]);
4505                         return r;
4506                 }
4507         } else
4508                 arg_when = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE;
4509
4510         if (argc > optind && arg_action == ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN)
4511                 /* No time argument for shutdown cancel */
4512                 arg_wall = argv + optind;
4513         else if (argc > optind + 1)
4514                 /* We skip the time argument */
4515                 arg_wall = argv + optind + 1;
4516
4517         optind = argc;
4518
4519         return 1;
4520 }
4521
4522 static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4523
4524         enum {
4525                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4526                 ARG_NO_WALL
4527         };
4528
4529         static const struct option options[] = {
4530                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4531                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
4532                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4533         };
4534
4535         static const struct {
4536                 char from;
4537                 enum action to;
4538         } table[] = {
4539                 { '0', ACTION_POWEROFF },
4540                 { '6', ACTION_REBOOT },
4541                 { '1', ACTION_RESCUE },
4542                 { '2', ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 },
4543                 { '3', ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 },
4544                 { '4', ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 },
4545                 { '5', ACTION_RUNLEVEL5 },
4546                 { 's', ACTION_RESCUE },
4547                 { 'S', ACTION_RESCUE },
4548                 { 'q', ACTION_RELOAD },
4549                 { 'Q', ACTION_RELOAD },
4550                 { 'u', ACTION_REEXEC },
4551                 { 'U', ACTION_REEXEC }
4552         };
4553
4554         unsigned i;
4555         int c;
4556
4557         assert(argc >= 0);
4558         assert(argv);
4559
4560         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4561                 switch (c) {
4562
4563                 case ARG_HELP:
4564                         telinit_help();
4565                         return 0;
4566
4567                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
4568                         arg_no_wall = true;
4569                         break;
4570
4571                 case '?':
4572                         return -EINVAL;
4573
4574                 default:
4575                         log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
4576                         return -EINVAL;
4577                 }
4578         }
4579
4580         if (optind >= argc) {
4581                 telinit_help();
4582                 return -EINVAL;
4583         }
4584
4585         if (optind + 1 < argc) {
4586                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4587                 return -EINVAL;
4588         }
4589
4590         if (strlen(argv[optind]) != 1) {
4591                 log_error("Expected single character argument.");
4592                 return -EINVAL;
4593         }
4594
4595         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
4596                 if (table[i].from == argv[optind][0])
4597                         break;
4598
4599         if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) {
4600                 log_error("Unknown command '%s'.", argv[optind]);
4601                 return -EINVAL;
4602         }
4603
4604         arg_action = table[i].to;
4605
4606         optind ++;
4607
4608         return 1;
4609 }
4610
4611 static int runlevel_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4612
4613         enum {
4614                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
4615         };
4616
4617         static const struct option options[] = {
4618                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
4619                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
4620         };
4621
4622         int c;
4623
4624         assert(argc >= 0);
4625         assert(argv);
4626
4627         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
4628                 switch (c) {
4629
4630                 case ARG_HELP:
4631                         runlevel_help();
4632                         return 0;
4633
4634                 case '?':
4635                         return -EINVAL;
4636
4637                 default:
4638                         log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
4639                         return -EINVAL;
4640                 }
4641         }
4642
4643         if (optind < argc) {
4644                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
4645                 return -EINVAL;
4646         }
4647
4648         return 1;
4649 }
4650
4651 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
4652         assert(argc >= 0);
4653         assert(argv);
4654
4655         if (program_invocation_short_name) {
4656
4657                 if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "halt")) {
4658                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
4659                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4660                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "poweroff")) {
4661                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4662                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4663                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "reboot")) {
4664                         if (kexec_loaded())
4665                                 arg_action = ACTION_KEXEC;
4666                         else
4667                                 arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
4668                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4669                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "shutdown")) {
4670                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
4671                         return shutdown_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4672                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
4673
4674                         if (sd_booted() > 0) {
4675                                 arg_action = ACTION_INVALID;
4676                                 return telinit_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4677                         } else {
4678                                 /* Hmm, so some other init system is
4679                                  * running, we need to forward this
4680                                  * request to it. For now we simply
4681                                  * guess that it is Upstart. */
4682
4683                                 execv("/lib/upstart/telinit", argv);
4684
4685                                 log_error("Couldn't find an alternative telinit implementation to spawn.");
4686                                 return -EIO;
4687                         }
4688
4689                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "runlevel")) {
4690                         arg_action = ACTION_RUNLEVEL;
4691                         return runlevel_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4692                 }
4693         }
4694
4695         arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
4696         return systemctl_parse_argv(argc, argv);
4697 }
4698
4699 static int action_to_runlevel(void) {
4700
4701         static const char table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
4702                 [ACTION_HALT] =      '0',
4703                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] =  '0',
4704                 [ACTION_REBOOT] =    '6',
4705                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = '2',
4706                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = '3',
4707                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = '4',
4708                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = '5',
4709                 [ACTION_RESCUE] =    '1'
4710         };
4711
4712         assert(arg_action < _ACTION_MAX);
4713
4714         return table[arg_action];
4715 }
4716
4717 static int talk_upstart(void) {
4718         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
4719         DBusError error;
4720         int previous, rl, r;
4721         char
4722                 env1_buf[] = "RUNLEVEL=X",
4723                 env2_buf[] = "PREVLEVEL=X";
4724         char *env1 = env1_buf, *env2 = env2_buf;
4725         const char *emit = "runlevel";
4726         dbus_bool_t b_false = FALSE;
4727         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
4728         DBusConnection *bus;
4729
4730         dbus_error_init(&error);
4731
4732         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
4733                 return 0;
4734
4735         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&previous, NULL) < 0)
4736                 previous = 'N';
4737
4738         if (!(bus = dbus_connection_open_private("unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart", &error))) {
4739                 if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_SERVER)) {
4740                         r = 0;
4741                         goto finish;
4742                 }
4743
4744                 log_error("Failed to connect to Upstart bus: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
4745                 r = -EIO;
4746                 goto finish;
4747         }
4748
4749         if ((r = bus_check_peercred(bus)) < 0) {
4750                 log_error("Failed to verify owner of bus.");
4751                 goto finish;
4752         }
4753
4754         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
4755                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart",
4756                               "/com/ubuntu/Upstart",
4757                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6",
4758                               "EmitEvent"))) {
4759
4760                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
4761                 r = -ENOMEM;
4762                 goto finish;
4763         }
4764
4765         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
4766
4767         env1_buf[sizeof(env1_buf)-2] = rl;
4768         env2_buf[sizeof(env2_buf)-2] = previous;
4769
4770         if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &emit) ||
4771             !dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub) ||
4772             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env1) ||
4773             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env2) ||
4774             !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub) ||
4775             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &b_false)) {
4776                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
4777                 r = -ENOMEM;
4778                 goto finish;
4779         }
4780
4781         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
4782
4783                 if (bus_error_is_no_service(&error)) {
4784                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
4785                         goto finish;
4786                 }
4787
4788                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
4789                 r = -EIO;
4790                 goto finish;
4791         }
4792
4793         r = 1;
4794
4795 finish:
4796         if (m)
4797                 dbus_message_unref(m);
4798
4799         if (reply)
4800                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
4801
4802         if (bus) {
4803                 dbus_connection_flush(bus);
4804                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
4805                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
4806         }
4807
4808         dbus_error_free(&error);
4809
4810         return r;
4811 }
4812
4813 static int talk_initctl(void) {
4814         struct init_request request;
4815         int r, fd;
4816         char rl;
4817
4818         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
4819                 return 0;
4820
4821         zero(request);
4822         request.magic = INIT_MAGIC;
4823         request.sleeptime = 0;
4824         request.cmd = INIT_CMD_RUNLVL;
4825         request.runlevel = rl;
4826
4827         if ((fd = open(INIT_FIFO, O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) {
4828
4829                 if (errno == ENOENT)
4830                         return 0;
4831
4832                 log_error("Failed to open "INIT_FIFO": %m");
4833                 return -errno;
4834         }
4835
4836         errno = 0;
4837         r = loop_write(fd, &request, sizeof(request), false) != sizeof(request);
4838         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4839
4840         if (r < 0) {
4841                 log_error("Failed to write to "INIT_FIFO": %m");
4842                 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4843         }
4844
4845         return 1;
4846 }
4847
4848 static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError *error) {
4849
4850         static const struct {
4851                 const char* verb;
4852                 const enum {
4853                         MORE,
4854                         LESS,
4855                         EQUAL
4856                 } argc_cmp;
4857                 const int argc;
4858                 int (* const dispatch)(DBusConnection *bus, char **args);
4859         } verbs[] = {
4860                 { "list-units",            LESS,  1, list_units        },
4861                 { "list-unit-files",       EQUAL, 1, list_unit_files   },
4862                 { "list-jobs",             EQUAL, 1, list_jobs         },
4863                 { "clear-jobs",            EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
4864                 { "load",                  MORE,  2, load_unit         },
4865                 { "cancel",                MORE,  2, cancel_job        },
4866                 { "start",                 MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4867                 { "stop",                  MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4868                 { "condstop",              MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with ALTLinux */
4869                 { "reload",                MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4870                 { "restart",               MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4871                 { "try-restart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4872                 { "reload-or-restart",     MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4873                 { "reload-or-try-restart", MORE,  2, start_unit        },
4874                 { "force-reload",          MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with SysV */
4875                 { "condreload",            MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with ALTLinux */
4876                 { "condrestart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with RH */
4877                 { "isolate",               EQUAL, 2, start_unit        },
4878                 { "kill",                  MORE,  2, kill_unit         },
4879                 { "is-active",             MORE,  2, check_unit        },
4880                 { "check",                 MORE,  2, check_unit        },
4881                 { "show",                  MORE,  1, show              },
4882                 { "status",                MORE,  2, show              },
4883                 { "help",                  MORE,  2, show              },
4884                 { "dump",                  EQUAL, 1, dump              },
4885                 { "dot",                   EQUAL, 1, dot               },
4886                 { "snapshot",              LESS,  2, snapshot          },
4887                 { "delete",                MORE,  2, delete_snapshot   },
4888                 { "daemon-reload",         EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
4889                 { "daemon-reexec",         EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
4890                 { "show-environment",      EQUAL, 1, show_enviroment   },
4891                 { "set-environment",       MORE,  2, set_environment   },
4892                 { "unset-environment",     MORE,  2, set_environment   },
4893                 { "halt",                  EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
4894                 { "poweroff",              EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
4895                 { "reboot",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
4896                 { "kexec",                 EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
4897                 { "suspend",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
4898                 { "hibernate",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
4899                 { "default",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
4900                 { "rescue",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
4901                 { "emergency",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
4902                 { "exit",                  EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
4903                 { "reset-failed",          MORE,  1, reset_failed      },
4904                 { "enable",                MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
4905                 { "disable",               MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
4906                 { "is-enabled",            MORE,  2, unit_is_enabled   },
4907                 { "reenable",              MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
4908                 { "preset",                MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
4909                 { "mask",                  MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
4910                 { "unmask",                MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
4911                 { "link",                  MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
4912                 { "switch-root",           MORE,  2, switch_root       },
4913         };
4914
4915         int left;
4916         unsigned i;
4917
4918         assert(argc >= 0);
4919         assert(argv);
4920         assert(error);
4921
4922         left = argc - optind;
4923
4924         if (left <= 0)
4925                 /* Special rule: no arguments means "list-units" */
4926                 i = 0;
4927         else {
4928                 if (streq(argv[optind], "help") && !argv[optind+1]) {
4929                         log_error("This command expects one or more "
4930                                   "unit names. Did you mean --help?");
4931                         return -EINVAL;
4932                 }
4933
4934                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(verbs); i++)
4935                         if (streq(argv[optind], verbs[i].verb))
4936                                 break;
4937
4938                 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(verbs)) {
4939                         log_error("Unknown operation '%s'.", argv[optind]);
4940                         return -EINVAL;
4941                 }
4942         }
4943
4944         switch (verbs[i].argc_cmp) {
4945
4946         case EQUAL:
4947                 if (left != verbs[i].argc) {
4948                         log_error("Invalid number of arguments.");
4949                         return -EINVAL;
4950                 }
4951
4952                 break;
4953
4954         case MORE:
4955                 if (left < verbs[i].argc) {
4956                         log_error("Too few arguments.");
4957                         return -EINVAL;
4958                 }
4959
4960                 break;
4961
4962         case LESS:
4963                 if (left > verbs[i].argc) {
4964                         log_error("Too many arguments.");
4965                         return -EINVAL;
4966                 }
4967
4968                 break;
4969
4970         default:
4971                 assert_not_reached("Unknown comparison operator.");
4972         }
4973
4974         /* Require a bus connection for all operations but
4975          * enable/disable */
4976         if (!streq(verbs[i].verb, "enable") &&
4977             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "disable") &&
4978             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "is-enabled") &&
4979             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "list-unit-files") &&
4980             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "reenable") &&
4981             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "preset") &&
4982             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "mask") &&
4983             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "unmask") &&
4984             !streq(verbs[i].verb, "link")) {
4985
4986                 if (running_in_chroot() > 0) {
4987                         log_info("Running in chroot, ignoring request.");
4988                         return 0;
4989                 }
4990
4991                 if (((!streq(verbs[i].verb, "reboot") &&
4992                       !streq(verbs[i].verb, "halt") &&
4993                       !streq(verbs[i].verb, "poweroff")) || arg_force <= 0) && !bus) {
4994                         log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s",
4995                                   dbus_error_is_set(error) ? error->message : "No connection to service manager.");
4996                         return -EIO;
4997                 }
4998
4999         } else {
5000
5001                 if (!bus && !avoid_bus()) {
5002                         log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s",
5003                                   dbus_error_is_set(error) ? error->message : "No connection to service manager.");
5004                         return -EIO;
5005                 }
5006         }
5007
5008         return verbs[i].dispatch(bus, argv + optind);
5009 }
5010
5011 static int send_shutdownd(usec_t t, char mode, bool dry_run, bool warn, const char *message) {
5012         int fd;
5013         struct msghdr msghdr;
5014         struct iovec iovec[2];
5015         union sockaddr_union sockaddr;
5016         struct sd_shutdown_command c;
5017
5018         fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
5019         if (fd < 0)
5020                 return -errno;
5021
5022         zero(c);
5023         c.usec = t;
5024         c.mode = mode;
5025         c.dry_run = dry_run;
5026         c.warn_wall = warn;
5027
5028         zero(sockaddr);
5029         sockaddr.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
5030         strncpy(sockaddr.un.sun_path, "/run/systemd/shutdownd", sizeof(sockaddr.un.sun_path));
5031
5032         zero(msghdr);
5033         msghdr.msg_name = &sockaddr;
5034         msghdr.msg_namelen = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + sizeof("/run/systemd/shutdownd") - 1;
5035
5036         zero(iovec);
5037         iovec[0].iov_base = (char*) &c;
5038         iovec[0].iov_len = offsetof(struct sd_shutdown_command, wall_message);
5039
5040         if (isempty(message))
5041                 msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
5042         else {
5043                 iovec[1].iov_base = (char*) message;
5044                 iovec[1].iov_len = strlen(message);
5045                 msghdr.msg_iovlen = 2;
5046         }
5047         msghdr.msg_iov = iovec;
5048
5049         if (sendmsg(fd, &msghdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0) {
5050                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5051                 return -errno;
5052         }
5053
5054         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5055         return 0;
5056 }
5057
5058 static int reload_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
5059
5060         if (bus) {
5061                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
5062                 if (daemon_reload(bus, NULL) >= 0)
5063                         return 0;
5064         }
5065
5066         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try signals */
5067         assert(arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD || arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC);
5068
5069         if (kill(1, arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD ? SIGHUP : SIGTERM) < 0) {
5070                 log_error("kill() failed: %m");
5071                 return -errno;
5072         }
5073
5074         return 0;
5075 }
5076
5077 static int start_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
5078
5079         if (bus) {
5080                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
5081                 if (start_unit(bus, NULL) >= 0)
5082                         goto done;
5083         }
5084
5085         /* Hmm, talking to systemd via D-Bus didn't work. Then
5086          * let's try to talk to Upstart via D-Bus. */
5087         if (talk_upstart() > 0)
5088                 goto done;
5089
5090         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try
5091          * /dev/initctl */
5092         if (talk_initctl() > 0)
5093                 goto done;
5094
5095         log_error("Failed to talk to init daemon.");
5096         return -EIO;
5097
5098 done:
5099         warn_wall(arg_action);
5100         return 0;
5101 }
5102
5103 static _noreturn_ void halt_now(enum action a) {
5104
5105        /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
5106          * point on... */
5107         reboot(RB_ENABLE_CAD);
5108
5109         switch (a) {
5110
5111         case ACTION_HALT:
5112                 log_info("Halting.");
5113                 reboot(RB_HALT_SYSTEM);
5114                 break;
5115
5116         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
5117                 log_info("Powering off.");
5118                 reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
5119                 break;
5120
5121         case ACTION_REBOOT:
5122                 log_info("Rebooting.");
5123                 reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
5124                 break;
5125
5126         default:
5127                 assert_not_reached("Unknown halt action.");
5128         }
5129
5130         assert_not_reached("Uh? This shouldn't happen.");
5131 }
5132
5133 static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
5134         int r;
5135
5136         if (geteuid() != 0) {
5137                 /* Try logind if we are a normal user and no special
5138                  * mode applies. Maybe PolicyKit allows us to shutdown
5139                  * the machine. */
5140
5141                 if (arg_when <= 0 &&
5142                     !arg_dry &&
5143                     !arg_force &&
5144                     (arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
5145                      arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT)) {
5146                         r = reboot_with_logind(bus, arg_action);
5147                         if (r >= 0)
5148                                 return r;
5149                 }
5150
5151                 log_error("Must be root.");
5152                 return -EPERM;
5153         }
5154
5155         if (arg_when > 0) {
5156                 char *m;
5157
5158                 m = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
5159                 r = send_shutdownd(arg_when,
5160                                    arg_action == ACTION_HALT     ? 'H' :
5161                                    arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? 'P' :
5162                                    arg_action == ACTION_KEXEC    ? 'K' :
5163                                                                    'r',
5164                                    arg_dry,
5165                                    !arg_no_wall,
5166                                    m);
5167                 free(m);
5168
5169                 if (r < 0)
5170                         log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, proceeding with immediate shutdown: %s", strerror(-r));
5171                 else {
5172                         char date[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
5173
5174                         log_info("Shutdown scheduled for %s, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.",
5175                                  format_timestamp(date, sizeof(date), arg_when));
5176                         return 0;
5177                 }
5178         }
5179
5180         if (!arg_dry && !arg_force)
5181                 return start_with_fallback(bus);
5182
5183         if (!arg_no_wtmp) {
5184                 if (sd_booted() > 0)
5185                         log_debug("Not writing utmp record, assuming that systemd-update-utmp is used.");
5186                 else {
5187                         r = utmp_put_shutdown();
5188                         if (r < 0)
5189                                 log_warning("Failed to write utmp record: %s", strerror(-r));
5190                 }
5191         }
5192
5193         if (arg_dry)
5194                 return 0;
5195
5196         halt_now(arg_action);
5197         /* We should never reach this. */
5198         return -ENOSYS;
5199 }
5200
5201 static int runlevel_main(void) {
5202         int r, runlevel, previous;
5203
5204         r = utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, &previous);
5205         if (r < 0) {
5206                 puts("unknown");
5207                 return r;
5208         }
5209
5210         printf("%c %c\n",
5211                previous <= 0 ? 'N' : previous,
5212                runlevel <= 0 ? 'N' : runlevel);
5213
5214         return 0;
5215 }
5216
5217 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
5218         int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
5219         DBusConnection *bus = NULL;
5220         DBusError error;
5221
5222         dbus_error_init(&error);
5223
5224         log_parse_environment();
5225         log_open();
5226
5227         r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
5228         if (r < 0)
5229                 goto finish;
5230         else if (r == 0) {
5231                 retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
5232                 goto finish;
5233         }
5234
5235         /* /sbin/runlevel doesn't need to communicate via D-Bus, so
5236          * let's shortcut this */
5237         if (arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL) {
5238                 r = runlevel_main();
5239                 retval = r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : r;
5240                 goto finish;
5241         }
5242
5243         if (running_in_chroot() > 0 && arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL) {
5244                 log_info("Running in chroot, ignoring request.");
5245                 retval = 0;
5246                 goto finish;
5247         }
5248
5249         if (!avoid_bus()) {
5250                 if (arg_transport == TRANSPORT_NORMAL)
5251                         bus_connect(arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM : DBUS_BUS_SESSION, &bus, &private_bus, &error);
5252                 else if (arg_transport == TRANSPORT_POLKIT) {
5253                         bus_connect_system_polkit(&bus, &error);
5254                         private_bus = false;
5255                 } else if (arg_transport == TRANSPORT_SSH) {
5256                         bus_connect_system_ssh(NULL, arg_host, &bus, &error);
5257                         private_bus = false;
5258                 } else
5259                         assert_not_reached("Uh, invalid transport...");
5260         }
5261
5262         switch (arg_action) {
5263
5264         case ACTION_SYSTEMCTL:
5265                 r = systemctl_main(bus, argc, argv, &error);
5266                 break;
5267
5268         case ACTION_HALT:
5269         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
5270         case ACTION_REBOOT:
5271         case ACTION_KEXEC:
5272                 r = halt_main(bus);
5273                 break;
5274
5275         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL2:
5276         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL3:
5277         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL4:
5278         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL5:
5279         case ACTION_RESCUE:
5280         case ACTION_EMERGENCY:
5281         case ACTION_DEFAULT:
5282                 r = start_with_fallback(bus);
5283                 break;
5284
5285         case ACTION_RELOAD:
5286         case ACTION_REEXEC:
5287                 r = reload_with_fallback(bus);
5288                 break;
5289
5290         case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN: {
5291                 char *m = NULL;
5292
5293                 if (arg_wall) {
5294                         m = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
5295                         if (!m) {
5296                                 retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
5297                                 goto finish;
5298                         }
5299                 }
5300                 r = send_shutdownd(arg_when, SD_SHUTDOWN_NONE, false, !arg_no_wall, m);
5301                 if (r < 0)
5302                         log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, shutdown hasn't been cancelled: %s", strerror(-r));
5303                 free(m);
5304                 break;
5305         }
5306
5307         case ACTION_INVALID:
5308         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL:
5309         default:
5310                 assert_not_reached("Unknown action");
5311         }
5312
5313         retval = r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : r;
5314
5315 finish:
5316         if (bus) {
5317                 dbus_connection_flush(bus);
5318                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
5319                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
5320         }
5321
5322         dbus_error_free(&error);
5323
5324         dbus_shutdown();
5325
5326         strv_free(arg_property);
5327
5328         pager_close();
5329         ask_password_agent_close();
5330         polkit_agent_close();
5331
5332         return retval;
5333 }