src/systemctl.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  23 #include <stdio.h>
  24 #include <getopt.h>
  25 #include <stdbool.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  29 #include <termios.h>
  30 #include <unistd.h>
  31 #include <fcntl.h>
  32 #include <sys/socket.h>
  33
  34 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
  35
  36 #include "log.h"
  37 #include "util.h"
  38 #include "macro.h"
  39 #include "set.h"
  40 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
  41 #include "special.h"
  42 #include "initreq.h"
  43 #include "strv.h"
  44
  45 static const char *arg_type = NULL;
  46 static const char *arg_property = NULL;
  47 static bool arg_all = false;
  48 static bool arg_replace = false;
  49 static bool arg_session = false;
  50 static bool arg_no_block = false;
  51 static bool arg_immediate = false;
  52 static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
  53 static bool arg_no_sync = false;
  54 static bool arg_no_wall = false;
  55 static bool arg_dry = false;
  56 static bool arg_quiet = false;
  57 static char **arg_wall = NULL;
  58 enum action {
  59         ACTION_INVALID,
  60         ACTION_SYSTEMCTL,
  61         ACTION_HALT,
  62         ACTION_POWEROFF,
  63         ACTION_REBOOT,
  64         ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
  65         ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
  66         ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
  67         ACTION_RUNLEVEL5,
  68         ACTION_RESCUE,
  69         ACTION_EMERGENCY,
  70         ACTION_DEFAULT,
  71         ACTION_RELOAD,
  72         ACTION_REEXEC,
  73         ACTION_RUNLEVEL,
  74         _ACTION_MAX
  75 } arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
  76
  77 static bool error_is_no_service(DBusError *error) {
  78
  79         assert(error);
  80
  81         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
  82                 return false;
  83
  84         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_NAME_HAS_NO_OWNER))
  85                 return true;
  86
  87         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN))
  88                 return true;
  89
  90         return startswith(error->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.");
  91 }
  92
  93 static int bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(DBusMessageIter *iter, int type, void *data, bool next) {
  94
  95         assert(iter);
  96         assert(data);
  97
  98         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) != type)
  99                 return -EIO;
 100
 101         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, data);
 102
 103         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(iter) != !next)
 104                 return -EIO;
 105
 106         return 0;
 107 }
 108
 109 static int bus_check_peercred(DBusConnection *c) {
 110         int fd;
 111         struct ucred ucred;
 112         socklen_t l;
 113
 114         assert(c);
 115
 116         assert_se(dbus_connection_get_unix_fd(c, &fd));
 117
 118         l = sizeof(struct ucred);
 119         if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &ucred, &l) < 0) {
 120                 log_error("SO_PEERCRED failed: %m");
 121                 return -errno;
 122         }
 123
 124         if (l != sizeof(struct ucred)) {
 125                 log_error("SO_PEERCRED returned wrong size.");
 126                 return -E2BIG;
 127         }
 128
 129         if (ucred.uid != 0)
 130                 return -EPERM;
 131
 132         return 1;
 133 }
 134
 135 static int columns(void) {
 136         static int parsed_columns = 0;
 137         const char *e;
 138
 139         if (parsed_columns > 0)
 140                 return parsed_columns;
 141
 142         if ((e = getenv("COLUMNS")))
 143                 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
 144
 145         if (parsed_columns <= 0) {
 146                 struct winsize ws;
 147                 zero(ws);
 148
 149                 if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0)
 150                         parsed_columns = ws.ws_col;
 151         }
 152
 153         if (parsed_columns <= 0)
 154                 parsed_columns = 80;
 155
 156         return parsed_columns;
 157
 158 }
 159
 160 static void warn_wall(enum action action) {
 161         static const char *table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
 162                 [ACTION_HALT]      = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
 163                 [ACTION_REBOOT]    = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
 164                 [ACTION_POWEROFF]  = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
 165                 [ACTION_RESCUE]    = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
 166                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!"
 167         };
 168
 169         if (arg_no_wall)
 170                 return;
 171
 172         if (arg_wall) {
 173                 char *p;
 174
 175                 if (!(p = strv_join(arg_wall, " "))) {
 176                         log_error("Failed to join strings.");
 177                         return;
 178                 }
 179
 180                 if (*p) {
 181                         utmp_wall(p);
 182                         free(p);
 183                         return;
 184                 }
 185
 186                 free(p);
 187         }
 188
 189         if (!table[action])
 190                 return;
 191
 192         utmp_wall(table[action]);
 193 }
 194
 195 static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 196         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 197         DBusError error;
 198         int r;
 199         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 200         unsigned k = 0;
 201
 202         dbus_error_init(&error);
 203
 204         assert(bus);
 205
 206         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 207                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 208                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 209                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 210                               "ListUnits"))) {
 211                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 212                 return -ENOMEM;
 213         }
 214
 215         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 216                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 217                 r = -EIO;
 218                 goto finish;
 219         }
 220
 221         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 222             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 223             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 224                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 225                 r = -EIO;
 226                 goto finish;
 227         }
 228
 229         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 230
 231         printf("%-45s %-6s %-12s %-12s %-15s %s\n", "UNIT", "LOAD", "ACTIVE", "SUB", "JOB", "DESCRIPTION");
 232
 233         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 234                 const char *id, *description, *load_state, *active_state, *sub_state, *unit_state, *job_type, *job_path, *dot;
 235                 uint32_t job_id;
 236
 237                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 238                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 239                         r = -EIO;
 240                         goto finish;
 241                 }
 242
 243                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 244
 245                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id, true) < 0 ||
 246                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &description, true) < 0 ||
 247                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &load_state, true) < 0 ||
 248                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &active_state, true) < 0 ||
 249                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 250                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_state, true) < 0 ||
 251                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &job_id, true) < 0 ||
 252                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &job_type, true) < 0 ||
 253                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, false) < 0) {
 254                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 255                         r = -EIO;
 256                         goto finish;
 257                 }
 258
 259                 if ((!arg_type || ((dot = strrchr(id, '.')) &&
 260                                    streq(dot+1, arg_type))) &&
 261                     (arg_all || !streq(active_state, "inactive"))) {
 262
 263                         int a = 0, b = 0;
 264
 265                         printf("%-45s %-6s %-12s %-12s%n", id, load_state, active_state, sub_state, &a);
 266
 267                         if (job_id != 0)
 268                                 printf(" %-15s%n", job_type, &b);
 269                         else
 270                                 b = 1 + 15;
 271
 272                         if (a + b + 2 < columns()) {
 273                                 if (job_id == 0)
 274                                         printf("                ");
 275
 276                                 printf("%.*s", columns() - a - b - 2, description);
 277                         }
 278
 279                         fputs("\n", stdout);
 280                         k++;
 281                 }
 282
 283                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 284         }
 285
 286         if (arg_all)
 287                 printf("\n%u units listed.\n", k);
 288         else
 289                 printf("\n%u live units listed. Pass --all to see dead units, too.\n", k);
 290
 291         r = 0;
 292
 293 finish:
 294         if (m)
 295                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 296
 297         if (reply)
 298                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 299
 300         dbus_error_free(&error);
 301
 302         return r;
 303 }
 304
 305 static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 306         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 307         DBusError error;
 308         int r;
 309         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 310         unsigned k = 0;
 311
 312         dbus_error_init(&error);
 313
 314         assert(bus);
 315
 316         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 317                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 318                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 319                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 320                               "ListJobs"))) {
 321                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 322                 return -ENOMEM;
 323         }
 324
 325         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 326                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 327                 r = -EIO;
 328                 goto finish;
 329         }
 330
 331         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 332             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 333             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 334                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 335                 r = -EIO;
 336                 goto finish;
 337         }
 338
 339         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 340
 341         printf("%4s %-45s %-17s %-7s\n", "JOB", "UNIT", "TYPE", "STATE");
 342
 343         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 344                 const char *name, *type, *state, *job_path, *unit_path;
 345                 uint32_t id;
 346
 347                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 348                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 349                         r = -EIO;
 350                         goto finish;
 351                 }
 352
 353                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 354
 355                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id, true) < 0 ||
 356                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0 ||
 357                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) < 0 ||
 358                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state, true) < 0 ||
 359                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, true) < 0 ||
 360                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, false) < 0) {
 361                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 362                         r = -EIO;
 363                         goto finish;
 364                 }
 365
 366                 printf("%4u %-45s %-17s %-7s\n", id, name, type, state);
 367                 k++;
 368
 369                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 370         }
 371
 372         printf("\n%u jobs listed.\n", k);
 373         r = 0;
 374
 375 finish:
 376         if (m)
 377                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 378
 379         if (reply)
 380                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 381
 382         dbus_error_free(&error);
 383
 384         return r;
 385 }
 386
 387 static int load_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 388         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 389         DBusError error;
 390         int r;
 391         unsigned i;
 392
 393         dbus_error_init(&error);
 394
 395         assert(bus);
 396         assert(args);
 397
 398         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 399
 400                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 401                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 402                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 403                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 404                                       "LoadUnit"))) {
 405                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 406                         r = -ENOMEM;
 407                         goto finish;
 408                 }
 409
 410                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 411                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
 412                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 413                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 414                         r = -ENOMEM;
 415                         goto finish;
 416                 }
 417
 418                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 419                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 420                         r = -EIO;
 421                         goto finish;
 422                 }
 423
 424                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 425                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 426
 427                 m = reply = NULL;
 428         }
 429
 430         r = 0;
 431
 432 finish:
 433         if (m)
 434                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 435
 436         if (reply)
 437                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 438
 439         dbus_error_free(&error);
 440
 441         return r;
 442 }
 443
 444 static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 445         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 446         DBusError error;
 447         int r;
 448         unsigned i;
 449
 450         dbus_error_init(&error);
 451
 452         assert(bus);
 453         assert(args);
 454
 455         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 456                 unsigned id;
 457                 const char *path;
 458
 459                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 460                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 461                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 462                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 463                                       "GetJob"))) {
 464                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 465                         r = -ENOMEM;
 466                         goto finish;
 467                 }
 468
 469                 if ((r = safe_atou(args[i], &id)) < 0) {
 470                         log_error("Failed to parse job id: %s", strerror(-r));
 471                         goto finish;
 472                 }
 473
 474                 assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(id));
 475                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 476                                               DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
 477                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 478                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 479                         r = -ENOMEM;
 480                         goto finish;
 481                 }
 482
 483                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 484                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 485                         r = -EIO;
 486                         goto finish;
 487                 }
 488
 489                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
 490                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 491                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 492                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
 493                         r = -EIO;
 494                         goto finish;
 495                 }
 496
 497                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 498                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 499                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 500                                       path,
 501                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
 502                                       "Cancel"))) {
 503                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 504                         r = -ENOMEM;
 505                         goto finish;
 506                 }
 507
 508                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 509                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 510                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 511                         r = -EIO;
 512                         goto finish;
 513                 }
 514
 515                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 516                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 517                 m = reply = NULL;
 518         }
 519
 520         r = 0;
 521
 522 finish:
 523         if (m)
 524                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 525
 526         if (reply)
 527                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 528
 529         dbus_error_free(&error);
 530
 531         return r;
 532 }
 533
 534 typedef struct WaitData {
 535         Set *set;
 536         bool failed;
 537 } WaitData;
 538
 539 static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
 540         DBusError error;
 541         WaitData *d = data;
 542
 543         assert(connection);
 544         assert(message);
 545         assert(d);
 546
 547         dbus_error_init(&error);
 548
 549         /* log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s", */
 550         /*           dbus_message_get_interface(message), */
 551         /*           dbus_message_get_member(message), */
 552         /*           dbus_message_get_path(message)); */
 553
 554         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
 555                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
 556                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
 557
 558         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
 559                 uint32_t id;
 560                 const char *path;
 561                 dbus_bool_t success = true;
 562
 563                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
 564                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
 565                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 566                                            DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &success,
 567                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
 568                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", error.message);
 569                 else {
 570                         char *p;
 571
 572                         if ((p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path)))
 573                                 free(p);
 574
 575                         if (!success)
 576                                 d->failed = true;
 577                 }
 578         }
 579
 580         dbus_error_free(&error);
 581         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
 582 }
 583
 584 static int enable_wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus) {
 585         DBusError error;
 586         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 587         int r;
 588
 589         assert(bus);
 590
 591         dbus_error_init(&error);
 592
 593         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
 594                            "type='signal',"
 595                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
 596                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
 597                            "member='JobRemoved',"
 598                            "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
 599                            &error);
 600
 601         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
 602                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
 603                 r = -EIO;
 604                 goto finish;
 605         }
 606
 607         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 608                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 609                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 610                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 611                               "Subscribe"))) {
 612                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 613                 r = -ENOMEM;
 614                 goto finish;
 615         }
 616
 617         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 618                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 619                 r = -EIO;
 620                 goto finish;
 621         }
 622
 623         r = 0;
 624
 625 finish:
 626         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the match registrations. */
 627
 628         if (m)
 629                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 630
 631         if (reply)
 632                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 633
 634         dbus_error_free(&error);
 635
 636         return r;
 637 }
 638
 639 static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
 640         int r;
 641         WaitData d;
 642
 643         assert(bus);
 644         assert(s);
 645
 646         zero(d);
 647         d.set = s;
 648         d.failed = false;
 649
 650         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL)) {
 651                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
 652                 r = -ENOMEM;
 653                 goto finish;
 654         }
 655
 656         while (!set_isempty(s) &&
 657                dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
 658                 ;
 659
 660         if (!arg_quiet && d.failed)
 661                 log_error("Job failed, see logs for details.");
 662
 663         r = d.failed ? -EIO : 0;
 664
 665 finish:
 666         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter registration. */
 667
 668         return r;
 669 }
 670
 671 static int start_unit_one(
 672                 DBusConnection *bus,
 673                 const char *method,
 674                 const char *name,
 675                 const char *mode,
 676                 Set *s) {
 677
 678         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 679         DBusError error;
 680         int r;
 681
 682         assert(bus);
 683         assert(method);
 684         assert(name);
 685         assert(mode);
 686         assert(arg_no_block || s);
 687
 688         dbus_error_init(&error);
 689
 690         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 691                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 692                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 693                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 694                               method))) {
 695                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 696                 r = -ENOMEM;
 697                 goto finish;
 698         }
 699
 700         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 701                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
 702                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
 703                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 704                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 705                 r = -ENOMEM;
 706                 goto finish;
 707         }
 708
 709         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 710
 711                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
 712                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
 713                          * legacy actions. */
 714                         r = 0;
 715                         goto finish;
 716                 }
 717
 718                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 719                 r = -EIO;
 720                 goto finish;
 721         }
 722
 723         if (!arg_no_block) {
 724                 const char *path;
 725                 char *p;
 726
 727                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
 728                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 729                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 730                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
 731                         r = -EIO;
 732                         goto finish;
 733                 }
 734
 735                 if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
 736                         log_error("Failed to duplicate path.");
 737                         r = -ENOMEM;
 738                         goto finish;
 739                 }
 740
 741                 if ((r = set_put(s, p)) < 0) {
 742                         free(p);
 743                         log_error("Failed to add path to set.");
 744                         goto finish;
 745                 }
 746         }
 747
 748         r = 1;
 749
 750 finish:
 751         if (m)
 752                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 753
 754         if (reply)
 755                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 756
 757         dbus_error_free(&error);
 758
 759         return r;
 760 }
 761
 762 static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
 763         if (streq(verb, "halt"))
 764                 return ACTION_HALT;
 765         else if (streq(verb, "poweroff"))
 766                 return ACTION_POWEROFF;
 767         else if (streq(verb, "reboot"))
 768                 return ACTION_REBOOT;
 769         else if (streq(verb, "rescue"))
 770                 return ACTION_RESCUE;
 771         else if (streq(verb, "emergency"))
 772                 return ACTION_EMERGENCY;
 773         else if (streq(verb, "default"))
 774                 return ACTION_DEFAULT;
 775         else
 776                 return ACTION_INVALID;
 777 }
 778
 779 static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 780
 781         static const char * const table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
 782                 [ACTION_HALT] = SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET,
 783                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] = SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET,
 784                 [ACTION_REBOOT] = SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET,
 785                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
 786                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
 787                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
 788                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
 789                 [ACTION_RESCUE] = SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 790                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_SERVICE,
 791                 [ACTION_DEFAULT] = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET
 792         };
 793
 794         int r;
 795         unsigned i;
 796         const char *method, *mode, *one_name;
 797         Set *s = NULL;
 798
 799         assert(bus);
 800
 801         if (arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL) {
 802                 method =
 803                         streq(args[0], "stop")    ? "StopUnit" :
 804                         streq(args[0], "reload")  ? "ReloadUnit" :
 805                         streq(args[0], "restart") ? "RestartUnit" :
 806                                                     "StartUnit";
 807
 808                 mode =
 809                         (streq(args[0], "isolate") ||
 810                          streq(args[0], "rescue")  ||
 811                          streq(args[0], "emergency")) ? "isolate" :
 812                                           arg_replace ? "replace" :
 813                                                         "fail";
 814
 815                 one_name = table[verb_to_action(args[0])];
 816
 817         } else {
 818                 assert(arg_action < ELEMENTSOF(table));
 819                 assert(table[arg_action]);
 820
 821                 method = "StartUnit";
 822
 823                 mode = (arg_action == ACTION_EMERGENCY ||
 824                         arg_action == ACTION_RESCUE) ? "isolate" : "replace";
 825
 826                 one_name = table[arg_action];
 827         }
 828
 829         if (!arg_no_block) {
 830                 if ((r = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus)) < 0) {
 831                         log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-r));
 832                         goto finish;
 833                 }
 834
 835                 if (!(s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
 836                         log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
 837                         r = -ENOMEM;
 838                         goto finish;
 839                 }
 840         }
 841
 842         r = 0;
 843
 844         if (one_name) {
 845                 if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, s)) <= 0)
 846                         goto finish;
 847         } else {
 848                 for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
 849                         if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, args[i], mode, s)) < 0)
 850                                 goto finish;
 851         }
 852
 853         if (!arg_no_block)
 854                 r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s);
 855
 856 finish:
 857         if (s)
 858                 set_free_free(s);
 859
 860         return r;
 861 }
 862
 863 static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 864         assert(bus);
 865         assert(args);
 866
 867         warn_wall(verb_to_action(args[0]));
 868
 869         return start_unit(bus, args, n);
 870 }
 871
 872 static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 873         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 874         const char
 875                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
 876                 *property = "ActiveState";
 877         int r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
 878         DBusError error;
 879         unsigned i;
 880
 881         assert(bus);
 882         assert(args);
 883
 884         dbus_error_init(&error);
 885
 886         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 887                 const char *path = NULL;
 888                 const char *state;
 889                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
 890
 891                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 892                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 893                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 894                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 895                                       "GetUnit"))) {
 896                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 897                         r = -ENOMEM;
 898                         goto finish;
 899                 }
 900
 901                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 902                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
 903                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 904                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 905                         r = -ENOMEM;
 906                         goto finish;
 907                 }
 908
 909                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 910
 911                         /* Hmm, cannot figure out anything about this unit... */
 912                         if (!arg_quiet)
 913                                 puts("unknown");
 914
 915                         continue;
 916                 }
 917
 918                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
 919                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 920                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 921                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
 922                         r = -EIO;
 923                         goto finish;
 924                 }
 925
 926                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 927                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 928                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 929                                       path,
 930                                       "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
 931                                       "Get"))) {
 932                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 933                         r = -ENOMEM;
 934                         goto finish;
 935                 }
 936
 937                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 938                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
 939                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
 940                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 941                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 942                         r = -ENOMEM;
 943                         goto finish;
 944                 }
 945
 946                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 947                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 948                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 949                         r = -EIO;
 950                         goto finish;
 951                 }
 952
 953                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 954                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
 955                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 956                         r = -EIO;
 957                         goto finish;
 958                 }
 959
 960                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 961
 962                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
 963                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 964                         r = -EIO;
 965                         goto finish;
 966                 }
 967
 968                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
 969
 970                 if (!arg_quiet)
 971                         puts(state);
 972
 973                 if (streq(state, "active") || startswith(state, "reloading"))
 974                         r = 0;
 975
 976                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 977                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 978                 m = reply = NULL;
 979         }
 980
 981 finish:
 982         if (m)
 983                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 984
 985         if (reply)
 986                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 987
 988         dbus_error_free(&error);
 989
 990         return r;
 991 }
 992
 993 static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
 994         assert(name);
 995         assert(iter);
 996
 997         if (arg_property && !streq(name, arg_property))
 998                 return 0;
 999
1000         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
1001
1002         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
1003                 const char *s;
1004                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
1005
1006                 if (arg_all || s[0])
1007                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
1008
1009                 return 0;
1010         }
1011
1012         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
1013                 dbus_bool_t b;
1014                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
1015                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, yes_no(b));
1016
1017                 return 0;
1018         }
1019
1020         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
1021                 uint64_t u;
1022                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
1023
1024                 /* Yes, heuristics! But we can change this check
1025                  * should it turn out to not be sufficient */
1026
1027                 if (strstr(name, "Timestamp")) {
1028                         char timestamp[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *t;
1029
1030                         if ((t = format_timestamp(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp), u)) || arg_all)
1031                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, strempty(t));
1032                 } else
1033                         printf("%s=%llu\n", name, (unsigned long long) u);
1034
1035                 return 0;
1036         }
1037
1038         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
1039                 uint32_t u;
1040                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
1041
1042                 if (strstr(name, "UMask"))
1043                         printf("%s=%04o\n", name, u);
1044                 else
1045                         printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
1046
1047                 return 0;
1048         }
1049
1050         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
1051                 int32_t i;
1052                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &i);
1053
1054                 printf("%s=%i\n", name, (int) i);
1055                 return 0;
1056         }
1057
1058         case DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT: {
1059                 DBusMessageIter sub;
1060                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1061
1062                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_UINT32 && strstr(name, "Job")) {
1063                         uint32_t u;
1064
1065                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
1066
1067                         if (u)
1068                                 printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
1069                         else if (arg_all)
1070                                 printf("%s=\n", name);
1071
1072                         return 0;
1073                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING && strstr(name, "Unit")) {
1074                         const char *s;
1075
1076                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
1077
1078                         if (arg_all || s[0])
1079                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
1080
1081                         return 0;
1082                 }
1083
1084                 break;
1085         }
1086
1087         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
1088
1089                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
1090                         DBusMessageIter sub;
1091                         bool space = false;
1092
1093                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1094
1095                         if (arg_all ||
1096                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1097                                 printf("%s=", name);
1098
1099                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1100                                         const char *s;
1101
1102                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1103                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
1104                                         printf("%s%s", space ? " " : "", s);
1105
1106                                         space = true;
1107                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1108                                 }
1109
1110                                 puts("");
1111                         }
1112
1113                         return 0;
1114                 }
1115
1116                 break;
1117         }
1118
1119         if (arg_all)
1120                 printf("%s=[unprintable]\n", name);
1121
1122         return 0;
1123 }
1124
1125 static int show_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *path) {
1126         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1127         const char *interface = "";
1128         int r;
1129         DBusError error;
1130         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
1131
1132         assert(bus);
1133         assert(path);
1134
1135         dbus_error_init(&error);
1136
1137         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1138                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1139                               path,
1140                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1141                               "GetAll"))) {
1142                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1143                 r = -ENOMEM;
1144                 goto finish;
1145         }
1146
1147         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1148                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1149                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1150                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1151                 r = -ENOMEM;
1152                 goto finish;
1153         }
1154
1155         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1156                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1157                 r = -EIO;
1158                 goto finish;
1159         }
1160
1161         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1162             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
1163             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
1164                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1165                 r = -EIO;
1166                 goto finish;
1167         }
1168
1169         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1170
1171         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1172                 const char *name;
1173
1174                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
1175                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1176                         r = -EIO;
1177                         goto finish;
1178                 }
1179
1180                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
1181
1182                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0) {
1183                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1184                         r = -EIO;
1185                         goto finish;
1186                 }
1187
1188                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1189                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1190                         r = -EIO;
1191                         goto finish;
1192                 }
1193
1194                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1195
1196                 if (print_property(name, &sub3) < 0) {
1197                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1198                         r = -EIO;
1199                         goto finish;
1200                 }
1201
1202                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1203         }
1204
1205         r = 0;
1206
1207 finish:
1208         if (m)
1209                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1210
1211         if (reply)
1212                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1213
1214         dbus_error_free(&error);
1215
1216         return r;
1217 }
1218
1219 static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1220         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1221         int r;
1222         DBusError error;
1223         unsigned i;
1224
1225         assert(bus);
1226         assert(args);
1227
1228         dbus_error_init(&error);
1229
1230         if (n <= 1) {
1231                 /* If not argument is specified inspect the manager
1232                  * itself */
1233
1234                 r = show_one(bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1");
1235                 goto finish;
1236         }
1237
1238         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1239                 const char *path = NULL;
1240                 uint32_t id;
1241
1242                 if (safe_atou32(args[i], &id) < 0) {
1243
1244                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1245                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1246                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1247                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1248                                               "GetUnit"))) {
1249                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1250                                 r = -ENOMEM;
1251                                 goto finish;
1252                         }
1253
1254                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1255                                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1256                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1257                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1258                                 r = -ENOMEM;
1259                                 goto finish;
1260                         }
1261
1262                 } else {
1263
1264                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1265                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1266                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1267                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1268                                               "GetJob"))) {
1269                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1270                                 r = -ENOMEM;
1271                                 goto finish;
1272                         }
1273
1274                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1275                                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1276                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1277                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1278                                 r = -ENOMEM;
1279                                 goto finish;
1280                         }
1281                 }
1282
1283                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1284                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1285                         r = -EIO;
1286                         goto finish;
1287                 }
1288
1289                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1290                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1291                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1292                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
1293                         r = -EIO;
1294                         goto finish;
1295                 }
1296
1297                 if ((r = show_one(bus, path)) < 0)
1298                         goto finish;
1299
1300                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1301                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1302                 m = reply = NULL;
1303         }
1304
1305         r = 0;
1306
1307 finish:
1308         if (m)
1309                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1310
1311         if (reply)
1312                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1313
1314         dbus_error_free(&error);
1315
1316         return r;
1317 }
1318
1319 static DBusHandlerResult monitor_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
1320         DBusError error;
1321         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1322
1323         assert(connection);
1324         assert(message);
1325
1326         dbus_error_init(&error);
1327
1328         /* log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s", */
1329         /*           dbus_message_get_interface(message), */
1330         /*           dbus_message_get_member(message), */
1331         /*           dbus_message_get_path(message)); */
1332
1333         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
1334                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
1335                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
1336
1337         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitNew") ||
1338                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitRemoved")) {
1339                 const char *id, *path;
1340
1341                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
1342                                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id,
1343                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1344                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1345                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", error.message);
1346                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "UnitNew"))
1347                         printf("Unit %s added.\n", id);
1348                 else
1349                         printf("Unit %s removed.\n", id);
1350
1351         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobNew") ||
1352                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
1353                 uint32_t id;
1354                 const char *path;
1355
1356                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
1357                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1358                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1359                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1360                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", error.message);
1361                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "JobNew"))
1362                         printf("Job %u added.\n", id);
1363                 else
1364                         printf("Job %u removed.\n", id);
1365
1366
1367         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit", "Changed") ||
1368                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job", "Changed")) {
1369
1370                 const char *path, *interface, *property = "Id";
1371                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1372
1373                 path = dbus_message_get_path(message);
1374                 interface = dbus_message_get_interface(message);
1375
1376                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1377                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1378                               path,
1379                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1380                               "Get"))) {
1381                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1382                         goto oom;
1383                 }
1384
1385                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1386                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1387                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1388                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1389                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1390                         goto finish;
1391                 }
1392
1393                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connection, m, -1, &error))) {
1394                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1395                         goto finish;
1396                 }
1397
1398                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1399                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1400                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1401                         goto finish;
1402                 }
1403
1404                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1405
1406                 if (streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit")) {
1407                         const char *id;
1408
1409                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1410                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1411                                 goto finish;
1412                         }
1413
1414                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
1415                         printf("Unit %s changed.\n", id);
1416                 } else {
1417                         uint32_t id;
1418
1419                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_UINT32)  {
1420                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1421                                 goto finish;
1422                         }
1423
1424                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
1425                         printf("Job %u changed.\n", id);
1426                 }
1427         }
1428
1429 finish:
1430         if (m)
1431                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1432
1433         if (reply)
1434                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1435
1436         dbus_error_free(&error);
1437         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
1438
1439 oom:
1440         if (m)
1441                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1442
1443         if (reply)
1444                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1445
1446         dbus_error_free(&error);
1447         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
1448 }
1449
1450 static int monitor(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1451         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1452         DBusError error;
1453         int r;
1454
1455         dbus_error_init(&error);
1456
1457         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
1458                            "type='signal',"
1459                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
1460                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
1461                            "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
1462                            &error);
1463
1464         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
1465                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
1466                 r = -EIO;
1467                 goto finish;
1468         }
1469
1470         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
1471                            "type='signal',"
1472                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
1473                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit',"
1474                            "member='Changed'",
1475                            &error);
1476
1477         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
1478                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
1479                 r = -EIO;
1480                 goto finish;
1481         }
1482
1483         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
1484                            "type='signal',"
1485                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
1486                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job',"
1487                            "member='Changed'",
1488                            &error);
1489
1490         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
1491                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
1492                 r = -EIO;
1493                 goto finish;
1494         }
1495
1496         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, monitor_filter, NULL, NULL)) {
1497                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
1498                 r = -ENOMEM;
1499                 goto finish;
1500         }
1501
1502         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1503                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1504                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1505                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1506                               "Subscribe"))) {
1507                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1508                 r = -ENOMEM;
1509                 goto finish;
1510         }
1511
1512         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1513                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1514                 r = -EIO;
1515                 goto finish;
1516         }
1517
1518         while (dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
1519                 ;
1520
1521         r = 0;
1522
1523 finish:
1524
1525         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter or the matches. */
1526
1527         if (m)
1528                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1529
1530         if (reply)
1531                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1532
1533         dbus_error_free(&error);
1534
1535         return r;
1536 }
1537
1538 static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1539         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1540         DBusError error;
1541         int r;
1542         const char *text;
1543
1544         dbus_error_init(&error);
1545
1546         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1547                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1548                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1549                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1550                               "Dump"))) {
1551                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1552                 return -ENOMEM;
1553         }
1554
1555         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1556                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1557                 r = -EIO;
1558                 goto finish;
1559         }
1560
1561         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1562                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
1563                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1564                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
1565                 r = -EIO;
1566                 goto finish;
1567         }
1568
1569         fputs(text, stdout);
1570
1571         r = 0;
1572
1573 finish:
1574         if (m)
1575                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1576
1577         if (reply)
1578                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1579
1580         dbus_error_free(&error);
1581
1582         return r;
1583 }
1584
1585 static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1586         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1587         DBusError error;
1588         int r;
1589         const char *name = "", *path, *id;
1590         dbus_bool_t cleanup = FALSE;
1591         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1592         const char
1593                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1594                 *property = "Id";
1595
1596         dbus_error_init(&error);
1597
1598         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1599                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1600                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1601                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1602                               "CreateSnapshot"))) {
1603                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1604                 return -ENOMEM;
1605         }
1606
1607         if (n > 1)
1608                 name = args[1];
1609
1610         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1611                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
1612                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
1613                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1614                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1615                 r = -ENOMEM;
1616                 goto finish;
1617         }
1618
1619         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1620                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1621                 r = -EIO;
1622                 goto finish;
1623         }
1624
1625         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1626                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1627                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1628                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
1629                 r = -EIO;
1630                 goto finish;
1631         }
1632
1633         dbus_message_unref(m);
1634         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1635                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1636                               path,
1637                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1638                               "Get"))) {
1639                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1640                 return -ENOMEM;
1641         }
1642
1643         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1644                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1645                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1646                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1647                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1648                 r = -ENOMEM;
1649                 goto finish;
1650         }
1651
1652         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1653         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1654                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1655                 r = -EIO;
1656                 goto finish;
1657         }
1658
1659         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1660             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1661                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1662                 r = -EIO;
1663                 goto finish;
1664         }
1665
1666         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1667
1668         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1669                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1670                 r = -EIO;
1671                 goto finish;
1672         }
1673
1674         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
1675
1676         if (!arg_quiet)
1677                 puts(id);
1678         r = 0;
1679
1680 finish:
1681         if (m)
1682                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1683
1684         if (reply)
1685                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1686
1687         dbus_error_free(&error);
1688
1689         return r;
1690 }
1691
1692 static int delete_snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1693         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1694         int r;
1695         DBusError error;
1696         unsigned i;
1697
1698         assert(bus);
1699         assert(args);
1700
1701         dbus_error_init(&error);
1702
1703         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1704                 const char *path = NULL;
1705
1706                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1707                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1708                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1709                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1710                                       "GetUnit"))) {
1711                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1712                         r = -ENOMEM;
1713                         goto finish;
1714                 }
1715
1716                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1717                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1718                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1719                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1720                         r = -ENOMEM;
1721                         goto finish;
1722                 }
1723
1724                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1725                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1726                         r = -EIO;
1727                         goto finish;
1728                 }
1729
1730                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1731                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1732                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1733                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
1734                         r = -EIO;
1735                         goto finish;
1736                 }
1737
1738                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1739                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1740                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1741                                       path,
1742                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
1743                                       "Remove"))) {
1744                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1745                         r = -ENOMEM;
1746                         goto finish;
1747                 }
1748
1749                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1750                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1751                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1752                         r = -EIO;
1753                         goto finish;
1754                 }
1755
1756                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1757                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1758                 m = reply = NULL;
1759         }
1760
1761         r = 0;
1762
1763 finish:
1764         if (m)
1765                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1766
1767         if (reply)
1768                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1769
1770         dbus_error_free(&error);
1771
1772         return r;
1773 }
1774
1775 static int clear_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1776         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1777         DBusError error;
1778         int r;
1779         const char *method;
1780
1781         dbus_error_init(&error);
1782
1783         if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
1784                 method = "Reload";
1785         else if (arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC)
1786                 method = "Reexecute";
1787         else {
1788                 assert(arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL);
1789
1790                 method =
1791                         streq(args[0], "clear-jobs")    ? "ClearJobs" :
1792                         streq(args[0], "daemon-reload") ? "Reload" :
1793                         streq(args[0], "daemon-reexec") ? "Reexecute" :
1794                                                           "Exit";
1795         }
1796
1797         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1798                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1799                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1800                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1801                               method))) {
1802                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1803                 return -ENOMEM;
1804         }
1805
1806         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1807
1808                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
1809                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
1810                          * legacy actions. */
1811                         r = 0;
1812                         goto finish;
1813                 }
1814
1815                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1816                 r = -EIO;
1817                 goto finish;
1818         }
1819
1820         r = 1;
1821
1822 finish:
1823         if (m)
1824                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1825
1826         if (reply)
1827                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1828
1829         dbus_error_free(&error);
1830
1831         return r;
1832 }
1833
1834 static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1835         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1836         DBusError error;
1837         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
1838         int r;
1839         const char
1840                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1841                 *property = "Environment";
1842
1843         dbus_error_init(&error);
1844
1845         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1846                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1847                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1848                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1849                               "Get"))) {
1850                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1851                 return -ENOMEM;
1852         }
1853
1854         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1855                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1856                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1857                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1858                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1859                 r = -ENOMEM;
1860                 goto finish;
1861         }
1862
1863         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1864                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1865                 r = -EIO;
1866                 goto finish;
1867         }
1868
1869         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1870             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1871                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1872                 r = -EIO;
1873                 goto finish;
1874         }
1875
1876         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1877
1878         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
1879             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1880                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1881                 r = -EIO;
1882                 goto finish;
1883         }
1884
1885         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
1886
1887         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1888                 const char *text;
1889
1890                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
1891                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1892                         r = -EIO;
1893                         goto finish;
1894                 }
1895
1896                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub2, &text);
1897                 printf("%s\n", text);
1898
1899                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2);
1900         }
1901
1902         r = 0;
1903
1904 finish:
1905         if (m)
1906                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1907
1908         if (reply)
1909                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1910
1911         dbus_error_free(&error);
1912
1913         return r;
1914 }
1915
1916 static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1917         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1918         DBusError error;
1919         int r;
1920         const char *method;
1921         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1922         unsigned i;
1923
1924         dbus_error_init(&error);
1925
1926         method = streq(args[0], "set-environment")
1927                 ? "SetEnvironment"
1928                 : "UnsetEnvironment";
1929
1930         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1931                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1932                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1933                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1934                               method))) {
1935
1936                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1937                 return -ENOMEM;
1938         }
1939
1940         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
1941
1942         if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub)) {
1943                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1944                 r = -ENOMEM;
1945                 goto finish;
1946         }
1947
1948         for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
1949                 if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i])) {
1950                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1951                         r = -ENOMEM;
1952                         goto finish;
1953                 }
1954
1955         if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub)) {
1956                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1957                 r = -ENOMEM;
1958                 goto finish;
1959         }
1960
1961         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1962                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1963                 r = -EIO;
1964                 goto finish;
1965         }
1966
1967         r = 0;
1968
1969 finish:
1970         if (m)
1971                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1972
1973         if (reply)
1974                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1975
1976         dbus_error_free(&error);
1977
1978         return r;
1979 }
1980
1981 static int systemctl_help(void) {
1982
1983         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
1984                "Send control commands to the systemd manager.\n\n"
1985                "  -h --help          Show this help\n"
1986                "  -t --type=TYPE     List only units of a particular type\n"
1987                "  -p --property=NAME Show only property by this name\n"
1988                "  -a --all           Show all units/properties, including dead/empty ones\n"
1989                "     --replace       When installing a new job, replace existing conflicting ones\n"
1990                "     --system        Connect to system bus\n"
1991                "     --session       Connect to session bus\n"
1992                "  -q --quiet         Suppress output\n"
1993                "     --no-block      Do not wait until operation finished\n"
1994                "     --no-wall       Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
1995                "Commands:\n"
1996                "  list-units                      List units\n"
1997                "  start [NAME...]                 Start one or more units\n"
1998                "  stop [NAME...]                  Stop one or more units\n"
1999                "  restart [NAME...]               Restart one or more units\n"
2000                "  reload [NAME...]                Reload one or more units\n"
2001                "  isolate [NAME]                  Start one unit and stop all others\n"
2002                "  check [NAME...]                 Check whether any of the passed units are active\n"
2003                "  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show information about one or more units\n"
2004                "  load [NAME...]                  Load one or more units\n"
2005                "  list-jobs                       List jobs\n"
2006                "  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel one or more jobs\n"
2007                "  clear-jobs                      Cancel all jobs\n"
2008                "  monitor                         Monitor unit/job changes\n"
2009                "  dump                            Dump server status\n"
2010                "  snapshot [NAME]                 Create a snapshot\n"
2011                "  delete [NAME...]                Remove one or more snapshots\n"
2012                "  daemon-reload                   Reload systemd manager configuration\n"
2013                "  daemon-reexec                   Reexecute systemd manager\n"
2014                "  daemon-exit                     Ask the systemd manager to quit\n"
2015                "  show-environment                Dump environment\n"
2016                "  set-environment [NAME=VALUE...] Set one or more environment variables\n"
2017                "  unset-environment [NAME...]     Unset one or more environment variables\n"
2018                "  halt                            Shut down and halt the system\n"
2019                "  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system\n"
2020                "  reboot                          Shut down and reboot the system\n"
2021                "  default                         Enter default mode\n"
2022                "  rescue                          Enter rescue mode\n"
2023                "  emergency                       Enter emergency mode\n",
2024                program_invocation_short_name);
2025
2026         return 0;
2027 }
2028
2029 static int halt_help(void) {
2030
2031         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
2032                "%s the system.\n\n"
2033                "     --help      Show this help\n"
2034                "     --halt      Halt the machine\n"
2035                "  -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine\n"
2036                "     --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
2037                "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
2038                "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
2039                "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
2040                "  -n --no-sync   Don't sync before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
2041                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
2042                program_invocation_short_name,
2043                arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
2044                arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? "Power off" :
2045                                                "Halt");
2046
2047         return 0;
2048 }
2049
2050 static int shutdown_help(void) {
2051
2052         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [now] [WALL...]\n\n"
2053                "Shut down the system.\n\n"
2054                "     --help      Show this help\n"
2055                "  -H --halt      Halt the machine\n"
2056                "  -P --poweroff  Power-off the machine\n"
2057                "  -r --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
2058                "  -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overriden by --halt\n"
2059                "  -k             Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings\n"
2060                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
2061                program_invocation_short_name);
2062
2063         return 0;
2064 }
2065
2066 static int telinit_help(void) {
2067
2068         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}\n\n"
2069                "Send control commands to the init daemon.\n\n"
2070                "     --help      Show this help\n"
2071                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
2072                "Commands:\n"
2073                "  0              Power-off the machine\n"
2074                "  6              Reboot the machine\n"
2075                "  2, 3, 4, 5     Start runlevelX.target unit\n"
2076                "  1, s, S        Enter rescue mode\n"
2077                "  q, Q           Reload init daemon configuration\n"
2078                "  u, U           Reexecute init daemon\n",
2079                program_invocation_short_name);
2080
2081         return 0;
2082 }
2083
2084 static int runlevel_help(void) {
2085
2086         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
2087                "Prints the previous and current runlevel of the init system.\n\n"
2088                "     --help      Show this help\n",
2089                program_invocation_short_name);
2090
2091         return 0;
2092 }
2093
2094 static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2095
2096         enum {
2097                 ARG_REPLACE = 0x100,
2098                 ARG_SESSION,
2099                 ARG_SYSTEM,
2100                 ARG_NO_BLOCK,
2101                 ARG_NO_WALL
2102         };
2103
2104         static const struct option options[] = {
2105                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, 'h'          },
2106                 { "type",      required_argument, NULL, 't'          },
2107                 { "property",  required_argument, NULL, 'p'          },
2108                 { "all",       no_argument,       NULL, 'a'          },
2109                 { "replace",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REPLACE  },
2110                 { "session",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SESSION  },
2111                 { "system",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM   },
2112                 { "no-block",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_BLOCK },
2113                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL  },
2114                 { "quiet",     no_argument,       NULL, 'q'          },
2115                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0            }
2116         };
2117
2118         int c;
2119
2120         assert(argc >= 0);
2121         assert(argv);
2122
2123         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aq", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
2124
2125                 switch (c) {
2126
2127                 case 'h':
2128                         systemctl_help();
2129                         return 0;
2130
2131                 case 't':
2132                         arg_type = optarg;
2133                         break;
2134
2135                 case 'p':
2136                         arg_property = optarg;
2137
2138                         /* If the user asked for a particular
2139                          * property, show it to him, even if it is
2140                          * empty. */
2141                         arg_all = true;
2142                         break;
2143
2144                 case 'a':
2145                         arg_all = true;
2146                         break;
2147
2148                 case ARG_REPLACE:
2149                         arg_replace = true;
2150                         break;
2151
2152                 case ARG_SESSION:
2153                         arg_session = true;
2154                         break;
2155
2156                 case ARG_SYSTEM:
2157                         arg_session = false;
2158                         break;
2159
2160                 case ARG_NO_BLOCK:
2161                         arg_no_block = true;
2162                         break;
2163
2164                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
2165                         arg_no_wall = true;
2166                         break;
2167
2168                 case 'q':
2169                         arg_quiet = true;
2170                         break;
2171
2172                 case '?':
2173                         return -EINVAL;
2174
2175                 default:
2176                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
2177                         return -EINVAL;
2178                 }
2179         }
2180
2181         return 1;
2182 }
2183
2184 static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2185
2186         enum {
2187                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
2188                 ARG_HALT,
2189                 ARG_REBOOT,
2190                 ARG_NO_WALL
2191         };
2192
2193         static const struct option options[] = {
2194                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
2195                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HALT    },
2196                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'p'         },
2197                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REBOOT  },
2198                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
2199                 { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
2200                 { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
2201                 { "no-sync",   no_argument,       NULL, 'n'         },
2202                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
2203                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
2204         };
2205
2206         int c, runlevel;
2207
2208         assert(argc >= 0);
2209         assert(argv);
2210
2211         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, NULL) >= 0)
2212                 if (runlevel == '0' || runlevel == '6')
2213                         arg_immediate = true;
2214
2215         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "pfwdnih", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
2216                 switch (c) {
2217
2218                 case ARG_HELP:
2219                         halt_help();
2220                         return 0;
2221
2222                 case ARG_HALT:
2223                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
2224                         break;
2225
2226                 case 'p':
2227                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
2228                         break;
2229
2230                 case ARG_REBOOT:
2231                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
2232                         break;
2233
2234                 case 'f':
2235                         arg_immediate = true;
2236                         break;
2237
2238                 case 'w':
2239                         arg_dry = true;
2240                         break;
2241
2242                 case 'd':
2243                         arg_no_wtmp = true;
2244                         break;
2245
2246                 case 'n':
2247                         arg_no_sync = true;
2248                         break;
2249
2250                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
2251                         arg_no_wall = true;
2252                         break;
2253
2254                 case 'i':
2255                 case 'h':
2256                         /* Compatibility nops */
2257                         break;
2258
2259                 case '?':
2260                         return -EINVAL;
2261
2262                 default:
2263                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
2264                         return -EINVAL;
2265                 }
2266         }
2267
2268         if (optind < argc) {
2269                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
2270                 return -EINVAL;
2271         }
2272
2273         return 1;
2274 }
2275
2276 static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2277
2278         enum {
2279                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
2280                 ARG_NO_WALL
2281         };
2282
2283         static const struct option options[] = {
2284                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
2285                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, 'H'         },
2286                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'P'         },
2287                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, 'r'         },
2288                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
2289                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
2290         };
2291
2292         int c;
2293
2294         assert(argc >= 0);
2295         assert(argv);
2296
2297         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "HPrhkt:a", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
2298                 switch (c) {
2299
2300                 case ARG_HELP:
2301                         shutdown_help();
2302                         return 0;
2303
2304                 case 'H':
2305                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
2306                         break;
2307
2308                 case 'P':
2309                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
2310                         break;
2311
2312                 case 'r':
2313                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
2314                         break;
2315
2316                 case 'h':
2317                         if (arg_action != ACTION_HALT)
2318                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
2319                         break;
2320
2321                 case 'k':
2322                         arg_dry = true;
2323                         break;
2324
2325                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
2326                         arg_no_wall = true;
2327                         break;
2328
2329                 case 't':
2330                 case 'a':
2331                         /* Compatibility nops */
2332                         break;
2333
2334                 case '?':
2335                         return -EINVAL;
2336
2337                 default:
2338                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
2339                         return -EINVAL;
2340                 }
2341         }
2342
2343         if (argc > optind && !streq(argv[optind], "now"))
2344                 log_warning("First argument '%s' isn't 'now'. Ignoring.", argv[optind]);
2345
2346         /* We ignore the time argument */
2347         if (argc > optind + 1)
2348                 arg_wall = argv + optind + 1;
2349
2350         optind = argc;
2351
2352         return 1;
2353 }
2354
2355 static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2356
2357         enum {
2358                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
2359                 ARG_NO_WALL
2360         };
2361
2362         static const struct option options[] = {
2363                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
2364                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
2365                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
2366         };
2367
2368         static const struct {
2369                 char from;
2370                 enum action to;
2371         } table[] = {
2372                 { '0', ACTION_POWEROFF },
2373                 { '6', ACTION_REBOOT },
2374                 { '1', ACTION_RESCUE },
2375                 { '2', ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 },
2376                 { '3', ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 },
2377                 { '4', ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 },
2378                 { '5', ACTION_RUNLEVEL5 },
2379                 { 's', ACTION_RESCUE },
2380                 { 'S', ACTION_RESCUE },
2381                 { 'q', ACTION_RELOAD },
2382                 { 'Q', ACTION_RELOAD },
2383                 { 'u', ACTION_REEXEC },
2384                 { 'U', ACTION_REEXEC }
2385         };
2386
2387         unsigned i;
2388         int c;
2389
2390         assert(argc >= 0);
2391         assert(argv);
2392
2393         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
2394                 switch (c) {
2395
2396                 case ARG_HELP:
2397                         telinit_help();
2398                         return 0;
2399
2400                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
2401                         arg_no_wall = true;
2402                         break;
2403
2404                 case '?':
2405                         return -EINVAL;
2406
2407                 default:
2408                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
2409                         return -EINVAL;
2410                 }
2411         }
2412
2413         if (optind >= argc) {
2414                 telinit_help();
2415                 return -EINVAL;
2416         }
2417
2418         if (optind + 1 < argc) {
2419                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
2420                 return -EINVAL;
2421         }
2422
2423         if (strlen(argv[optind]) != 1) {
2424                 log_error("Expected single character argument.");
2425                 return -EINVAL;
2426         }
2427
2428         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2429                 if (table[i].from == argv[optind][0])
2430                         break;
2431
2432         if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) {
2433                 log_error("Unknown command %s.", argv[optind]);
2434                 return -EINVAL;
2435         }
2436
2437         arg_action = table[i].to;
2438
2439         optind ++;
2440
2441         return 1;
2442 }
2443
2444 static int runlevel_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2445
2446         enum {
2447                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
2448         };
2449
2450         static const struct option options[] = {
2451                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
2452                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
2453         };
2454
2455         int c;
2456
2457         assert(argc >= 0);
2458         assert(argv);
2459
2460         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
2461                 switch (c) {
2462
2463                 case ARG_HELP:
2464                         runlevel_help();
2465                         return 0;
2466
2467                 case '?':
2468                         return -EINVAL;
2469
2470                 default:
2471                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
2472                         return -EINVAL;
2473                 }
2474         }
2475
2476         if (optind < argc) {
2477                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
2478                 return -EINVAL;
2479         }
2480
2481         return 1;
2482 }
2483
2484 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2485         assert(argc >= 0);
2486         assert(argv);
2487
2488         if (program_invocation_short_name) {
2489
2490                 if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "halt")) {
2491                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
2492                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2493                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "poweroff")) {
2494                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
2495                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2496                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "reboot")) {
2497                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
2498                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2499                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "shutdown")) {
2500                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
2501                         return shutdown_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2502                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
2503                         arg_action = ACTION_INVALID;
2504                         return telinit_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2505                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "runlevel")) {
2506                         arg_action = ACTION_RUNLEVEL;
2507                         return runlevel_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2508                 }
2509         }
2510
2511         arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
2512         return systemctl_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2513 }
2514
2515 static int action_to_runlevel(void) {
2516
2517         static const char table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
2518                 [ACTION_HALT] =      '0',
2519                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] =  '0',
2520                 [ACTION_REBOOT] =    '6',
2521                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = '2',
2522                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = '3',
2523                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = '4',
2524                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = '5',
2525                 [ACTION_RESCUE] =    '1'
2526         };
2527
2528         assert(arg_action < _ACTION_MAX);
2529
2530         return table[arg_action];
2531 }
2532
2533 static int talk_upstart(void) {
2534         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2535         DBusError error;
2536         int previous, rl, r;
2537         char
2538                 env1_buf[] = "RUNLEVEL=X",
2539                 env2_buf[] = "PREVLEVEL=X";
2540         char *env1 = env1_buf, *env2 = env2_buf;
2541         const char *emit = "runlevel";
2542         dbus_bool_t b_false = FALSE;
2543         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2544         DBusConnection *bus;
2545
2546         dbus_error_init(&error);
2547
2548         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
2549                 return 0;
2550
2551         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&previous, NULL) < 0)
2552                 previous = 'N';
2553
2554         if (!(bus = dbus_connection_open("unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart", &error))) {
2555                 if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_SERVER)) {
2556                         r = 0;
2557                         goto finish;
2558                 }
2559
2560                 log_error("Failed to connect to Upstart bus: %s", error.message);
2561                 r = -EIO;
2562                 goto finish;
2563         }
2564
2565         if ((r = bus_check_peercred(bus)) < 0) {
2566                 log_error("Failed to verify owner of bus.");
2567                 goto finish;
2568         }
2569
2570         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2571                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart",
2572                               "/com/ubuntu/Upstart",
2573                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6",
2574                               "EmitEvent"))) {
2575
2576                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2577                 r = -ENOMEM;
2578                 goto finish;
2579         }
2580
2581         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
2582
2583         env1_buf[sizeof(env1_buf)-2] = rl;
2584         env2_buf[sizeof(env2_buf)-2] = previous;
2585
2586         if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &emit) ||
2587             !dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub) ||
2588             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env1) ||
2589             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env2) ||
2590             !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub) ||
2591             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &b_false)) {
2592                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2593                 r = -ENOMEM;
2594                 goto finish;
2595         }
2596
2597         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2598
2599                 if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
2600                         r = 0;
2601                         goto finish;
2602                 }
2603
2604                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2605                 r = -EIO;
2606                 goto finish;
2607         }
2608
2609         r = 1;
2610
2611 finish:
2612         if (m)
2613                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2614
2615         if (reply)
2616                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2617
2618         if (bus)
2619                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
2620
2621         dbus_error_free(&error);
2622
2623         return r;
2624 }
2625
2626 static int talk_initctl(void) {
2627         struct init_request request;
2628         int r, fd;
2629         char rl;
2630
2631         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
2632                 return 0;
2633
2634         zero(request);
2635         request.magic = INIT_MAGIC;
2636         request.sleeptime = 0;
2637         request.cmd = INIT_CMD_RUNLVL;
2638         request.runlevel = rl;
2639
2640         if ((fd = open(INIT_FIFO, O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) {
2641
2642                 if (errno == ENOENT)
2643                         return 0;
2644
2645                 log_error("Failed to open "INIT_FIFO": %m");
2646                 return -errno;
2647         }
2648
2649         errno = 0;
2650         r = loop_write(fd, &request, sizeof(request), false) != sizeof(request);
2651         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2652
2653         if (r < 0) {
2654                 log_error("Failed to write to "INIT_FIFO": %m");
2655                 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
2656         }
2657
2658         return 1;
2659 }
2660
2661 static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[]) {
2662
2663         static const struct {
2664                 const char* verb;
2665                 const enum {
2666                         MORE,
2667                         LESS,
2668                         EQUAL
2669                 } argc_cmp;
2670                 const int argc;
2671                 int (* const dispatch)(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n);
2672         } verbs[] = {
2673                 { "list-units",        LESS,  1, list_units      },
2674                 { "list-jobs",         EQUAL, 1, list_jobs       },
2675                 { "clear-jobs",        EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
2676                 { "load",              MORE,  2, load_unit       },
2677                 { "cancel",            MORE,  2, cancel_job      },
2678                 { "start",             MORE,  2, start_unit      },
2679                 { "stop",              MORE,  2, start_unit      },
2680                 { "reload",            MORE,  2, start_unit      },
2681                 { "restart",           MORE,  2, start_unit      },
2682                 { "isolate",           EQUAL, 2, start_unit      },
2683                 { "check",             MORE,  2, check_unit      },
2684                 { "show",              MORE,  1, show            },
2685                 { "monitor",           EQUAL, 1, monitor         },
2686                 { "dump",              EQUAL, 1, dump            },
2687                 { "snapshot",          LESS,  2, snapshot        },
2688                 { "delete",            MORE,  2, delete_snapshot },
2689                 { "daemon-reload",     EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
2690                 { "daemon-reexec",     EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
2691                 { "daemon-exit",       EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
2692                 { "show-environment",  EQUAL, 1, show_enviroment },
2693                 { "set-environment",   MORE,  2, set_environment },
2694                 { "unset-environment", MORE,  2, set_environment },
2695                 { "halt",              EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2696                 { "poweroff",          EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2697                 { "reboot",            EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2698                 { "default",           EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2699                 { "rescue",            EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2700                 { "emergency",         EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2701         };
2702
2703         int left;
2704         unsigned i;
2705
2706         assert(bus);
2707         assert(argc >= 0);
2708         assert(argv);
2709
2710         left = argc - optind;
2711
2712         if (left <= 0)
2713                 /* Special rule: no arguments means "list-units" */
2714                 i = 0;
2715         else {
2716                 if (streq(argv[optind], "help")) {
2717                         systemctl_help();
2718                         return 0;
2719                 }
2720
2721                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(verbs); i++)
2722                         if (streq(argv[optind], verbs[i].verb))
2723                                 break;
2724
2725                 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(verbs)) {
2726                         log_error("Unknown operation %s", argv[optind]);
2727                         return -EINVAL;
2728                 }
2729         }
2730
2731         switch (verbs[i].argc_cmp) {
2732
2733         case EQUAL:
2734                 if (left != verbs[i].argc) {
2735                         log_error("Invalid number of arguments.");
2736                         return -EINVAL;
2737                 }
2738
2739                 break;
2740
2741         case MORE:
2742                 if (left < verbs[i].argc) {
2743                         log_error("Too few arguments.");
2744                         return -EINVAL;
2745                 }
2746
2747                 break;
2748
2749         case LESS:
2750                 if (left > verbs[i].argc) {
2751                         log_error("Too many arguments.");
2752                         return -EINVAL;
2753                 }
2754
2755                 break;
2756
2757         default:
2758                 assert_not_reached("Unknown comparison operator.");
2759         }
2760
2761         return verbs[i].dispatch(bus, argv + optind, left);
2762 }
2763
2764 static int reload_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
2765         int r;
2766
2767         if (bus) {
2768                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
2769                 if ((r = clear_jobs(bus, NULL, 0)) > 0)
2770                         return 0;
2771         }
2772
2773         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try signals */
2774         assert(arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD || arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC);
2775
2776         if (kill(1, arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD ? SIGHUP : SIGTERM) < 0) {
2777                 log_error("kill() failed: %m");
2778                 return -errno;
2779         }
2780
2781         return 0;
2782 }
2783
2784 static int start_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
2785         int r;
2786
2787         warn_wall(arg_action);
2788
2789         if (bus) {
2790                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
2791                 if ((r = start_unit(bus, NULL, 0)) > 0)
2792                         return 0;
2793
2794                 /* Hmm, talking to systemd via D-Bus didn't work. Then
2795                  * let's try to talk to Upstart via D-Bus. */
2796                 if ((r = talk_upstart()) > 0)
2797                         return 0;
2798         }
2799
2800         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try
2801          * /dev/initctl */
2802         if ((r = talk_initctl()) != 0)
2803                 return 0;
2804
2805         log_error("Failed to talk to init daemon.");
2806         return -EIO;
2807 }
2808
2809 static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
2810         int r;
2811
2812         if (!arg_immediate)
2813                 return start_with_fallback(bus);
2814
2815         if (!arg_no_wtmp)
2816                 if ((r = utmp_put_shutdown(0)) < 0)
2817                         log_warning("Failed to write utmp record: %s", strerror(-r));
2818
2819         if (!arg_no_sync)
2820                 sync();
2821
2822         if (arg_dry)
2823                 return 0;
2824
2825         /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
2826          * point on... */
2827         reboot(RB_ENABLE_CAD);
2828
2829         switch (arg_action) {
2830
2831         case ACTION_HALT:
2832                 log_info("Halting");
2833                 reboot(RB_HALT_SYSTEM);
2834                 break;
2835
2836         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
2837                 log_info("Powering off");
2838                 reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
2839                 break;
2840
2841         case ACTION_REBOOT:
2842                 log_info("Rebooting");
2843                 reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
2844                 break;
2845
2846         default:
2847                 assert_not_reached("Unknown halt action.");
2848         }
2849
2850         /* We should never reach this. */
2851         return -ENOSYS;
2852 }
2853
2854 static int runlevel_main(void) {
2855         int r, runlevel, previous;
2856
2857         if ((r = utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, &previous)) < 0) {
2858                 printf("unknown");
2859                 return r;
2860         }
2861
2862         printf("%c %c\n",
2863                previous <= 0 ? 'N' : previous,
2864                runlevel <= 0 ? 'N' : runlevel);
2865
2866         return 0;
2867 }
2868
2869 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
2870         int r, retval = 1;
2871         DBusConnection *bus = NULL;
2872         DBusError error;
2873
2874         dbus_error_init(&error);
2875
2876         log_parse_environment();
2877
2878         if ((r = parse_argv(argc, argv)) < 0)
2879                 goto finish;
2880         else if (r == 0) {
2881                 retval = 0;
2882                 goto finish;
2883         }
2884
2885         /* /sbin/runlevel doesn't need to communicate via D-Bus, so
2886          * let's shortcut this */
2887         if (arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL) {
2888                 retval = runlevel_main() < 0;
2889                 goto finish;
2890         }
2891
2892         /* If we are root, then let's not go via the bus */
2893         if (geteuid() == 0 && !arg_session) {
2894                 bus = dbus_connection_open("unix:abstract=/org/freedesktop/systemd1/private", &error);
2895
2896                 if (bus && bus_check_peercred(bus) < 0) {
2897                         log_error("Failed to verify owner of bus.");
2898                         goto finish;
2899                 }
2900         } else
2901                 bus = dbus_bus_get(arg_session ? DBUS_BUS_SESSION : DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM, &error);
2902
2903         if (bus)
2904                 dbus_connection_set_exit_on_disconnect(bus, FALSE);
2905
2906         switch (arg_action) {
2907
2908         case ACTION_SYSTEMCTL: {
2909
2910                 if (!bus) {
2911                         log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s", error.message);
2912                         goto finish;
2913                 }
2914
2915                 retval = systemctl_main(bus, argc, argv) < 0;
2916                 break;
2917         }
2918
2919         case ACTION_HALT:
2920         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
2921         case ACTION_REBOOT:
2922                 retval = halt_main(bus) < 0;
2923                 break;
2924
2925         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL2:
2926         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL3:
2927         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL4:
2928         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL5:
2929         case ACTION_RESCUE:
2930         case ACTION_EMERGENCY:
2931         case ACTION_DEFAULT:
2932                 retval = start_with_fallback(bus) < 0;
2933                 break;
2934
2935         case ACTION_RELOAD:
2936         case ACTION_REEXEC:
2937                 retval = reload_with_fallback(bus) < 0;
2938                 break;
2939
2940         case ACTION_INVALID:
2941         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL:
2942         default:
2943                 assert_not_reached("Unknown action");
2944         }
2945
2946 finish:
2947
2948         if (bus)
2949                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
2950
2951         dbus_error_free(&error);
2952
2953         dbus_shutdown();
2954
2955         return retval;
2956 }