1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
44 #include <sys/prctl.h>
45 #include <sys/utsname.h>
47 #include <netinet/ip.h>
56 #include <sys/mount.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
62 #include <sys/xattr.h>
64 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
69 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
81 #include "path-util.h"
82 #include "exit-status.h"
86 #include "device-nodes.h"
91 #include "sparse-endian.h"
94 char **saved_argv = NULL;
96 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
97 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
99 size_t page_size(void) {
100 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
103 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
106 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
113 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
115 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
126 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
133 pl = strlen(postfix);
136 return (char*) s + sl;
141 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
144 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
147 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
154 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
155 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
156 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
167 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
174 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
177 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
181 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
182 char * buf_old = buf;
228 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
229 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
230 * g_strescape() does the same */
231 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
233 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
234 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
235 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
241 return buf - buf_old;
244 int close_nointr(int fd) {
251 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
254 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
255 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
256 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
257 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
265 int safe_close(int fd) {
268 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
269 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
270 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
272 * fd = safe_close(fd);
278 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
279 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
280 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
281 * the fd was invalid at all... */
283 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
289 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
292 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
294 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
298 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
309 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
312 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
314 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
320 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
321 unsigned long ul = 0;
328 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
334 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
344 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
345 unsigned long ul = 0;
352 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
358 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
361 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
362 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
365 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
366 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
373 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
381 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
383 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
384 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
386 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
389 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
393 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
401 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
403 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
404 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
406 if ((long) (int) l != l)
413 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
421 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
423 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
424 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
426 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
433 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
441 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
443 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
444 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
446 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
453 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
461 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
463 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
464 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
466 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
473 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
475 unsigned long long l;
481 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
483 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
484 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
490 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
498 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
500 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
501 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
507 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
515 loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
516 if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
520 d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
522 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
524 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
532 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
533 bool escaped = false;
536 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
539 else if (s[n] == '\\')
541 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
545 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
549 /* Split a string into words. */
550 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
556 assert(**state == '\0');
560 current += strspn(current, separator);
566 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
567 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
569 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
570 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
571 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
572 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
576 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
577 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
579 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
580 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
581 /* unfinished escape */
585 *state = current + *l;
587 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
588 *state = current + *l;
594 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
596 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
608 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
609 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
613 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
614 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
615 * skip over it manually */
617 p = strrchr(line, ')');
629 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
632 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
637 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
642 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
648 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
651 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
655 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
659 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
663 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
664 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
668 p = strrchr(line, ')');
674 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
677 return (unsigned char) state;
680 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
687 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
689 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
696 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
697 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
705 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
711 if (max_length == 0) {
712 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
714 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
716 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
721 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
731 r = new(char, max_length);
737 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
759 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
766 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
768 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
776 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
780 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
789 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
801 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
806 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
810 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
813 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
818 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
824 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
826 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
829 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
835 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
837 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
842 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
849 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
850 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
854 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
861 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
862 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
872 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
877 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
882 if (startswith(l, field)) {
884 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
886 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
888 return parse_uid(l, uid);
895 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
896 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
899 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
900 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
901 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
904 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
909 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
911 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
914 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
919 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
921 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
924 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
925 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
926 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
929 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
934 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
940 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
941 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
945 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
947 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
957 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
965 return strndup(suffix, b);
974 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
977 r = new(char, a+b+1);
982 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
988 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
989 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
992 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1007 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1014 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1025 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1026 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1029 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1030 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1034 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1038 value = basename(link);
1042 value = strdup(value);
1051 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1052 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1059 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1063 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1071 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1078 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1082 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1089 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1094 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1097 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1098 struct sigaction sa = {
1099 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1100 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1103 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1104 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1107 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1108 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1109 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1110 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1117 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1120 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1123 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1129 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1132 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1133 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1135 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1137 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1138 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1146 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1149 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1151 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1152 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1163 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1170 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1171 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1174 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1175 return strdup(filename);
1177 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1179 return strdup(filename);
1181 k = strlen(filename);
1182 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1186 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1190 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1199 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1200 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1206 /* Skip last component */
1207 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1210 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1211 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1217 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1220 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1229 if (errno != ENOENT)
1236 char hexchar(int x) {
1237 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1239 return table[x & 15];
1242 int unhexchar(char c) {
1244 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1247 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1248 return c - 'a' + 10;
1250 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1251 return c - 'A' + 10;
1256 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1260 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1264 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1265 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1266 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1273 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1279 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1283 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1286 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1288 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1292 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1299 char octchar(int x) {
1300 return '0' + (x & 7);
1303 int unoctchar(char c) {
1305 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1311 char decchar(int x) {
1312 return '0' + (x % 10);
1315 int undecchar(char c) {
1317 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1323 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1329 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1331 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1335 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1336 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1343 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1350 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1352 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1354 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1359 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1361 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1362 size_t remaining = s + length - f;
1363 assert(remaining > 0);
1365 if (*f != '\\') { /* a literal literal */
1370 if (--remaining == 0) { /* copy trailing backslash verbatim */
1411 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1416 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1419 if (remaining >= 2) {
1420 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1421 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1424 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1425 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1429 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1444 /* octal encoding */
1445 int a = -1, b = -1, c = -1;
1447 if (remaining >= 3) {
1448 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1449 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1450 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1453 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1454 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1458 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1466 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1477 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1478 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1481 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1484 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1487 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1491 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1492 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1495 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1499 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1501 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1502 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1505 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1506 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1516 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1521 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1522 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1523 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1528 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1532 filename[0] == '.' ||
1533 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1534 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1535 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1536 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1537 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1538 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1539 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1540 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1541 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1542 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1545 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1548 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1551 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1554 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1559 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1564 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1566 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1568 if (nflags == flags)
1571 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1577 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1582 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1587 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1589 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1591 if (nflags == flags)
1594 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1600 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1603 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1605 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1612 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1613 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1617 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1619 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1624 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1625 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1628 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1629 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1631 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1634 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1635 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1642 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1645 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1648 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1649 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1658 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1661 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1662 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1663 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1671 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1674 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1675 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1682 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1683 static const char table[] =
1697 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1701 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1705 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1707 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1713 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1717 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1720 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1723 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1729 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1730 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1731 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1736 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1737 new_termios = old_termios;
1739 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1740 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1741 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1743 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1746 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1747 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1748 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1753 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1755 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1761 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1768 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1769 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1774 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1775 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1779 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1789 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1799 bool need_nl = true;
1802 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1809 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1813 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1816 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1817 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1828 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1833 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1837 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1842 char line[LINE_MAX];
1846 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1853 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1858 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1859 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1861 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1880 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1881 struct termios termios;
1884 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1888 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1889 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1890 * interfere with that. */
1892 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1893 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1895 /* Switch to text mode */
1897 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1899 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1900 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1902 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1907 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1908 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1909 * else will do that for us */
1911 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1912 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1913 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1914 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1915 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1917 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1918 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1919 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1920 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1921 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1922 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1923 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1924 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1925 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1926 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1927 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1928 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1929 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1931 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1932 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1934 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1938 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1939 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1944 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1945 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1947 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1951 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1954 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1959 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1960 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1961 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1962 * retrying a couple of times.
1964 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1967 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1970 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1977 /* Max 1s in total */
1981 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1999 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2000 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2010 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2020 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2026 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2035 int acquire_terminal(
2039 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2042 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2047 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2048 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2049 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2051 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2052 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2053 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2054 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2055 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2056 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2057 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2058 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2060 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2061 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2063 if (!fail && !force) {
2064 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2070 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2078 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2079 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2080 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2084 r = flush_fd(notify);
2089 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2090 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2091 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2092 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2096 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2097 * if we already own the tty. */
2098 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2100 /* First, try to get the tty */
2101 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2104 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2106 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2107 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2108 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2109 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2112 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2121 assert(notify >= 0);
2124 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2125 struct inotify_event *e;
2128 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2131 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2132 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2137 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2147 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2149 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2156 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2157 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2166 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2167 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2168 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2169 * an endless loop. */
2170 fd = safe_close(fd);
2175 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2177 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2188 int release_terminal(void) {
2189 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2190 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2191 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2194 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2195 struct sigaction sa_old;
2198 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2202 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2203 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2204 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2206 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2209 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2214 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2219 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2220 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2227 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2228 struct sigaction sa = {
2229 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2230 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2235 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2239 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2240 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2247 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2248 struct sigaction sa = {
2249 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2250 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2255 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2259 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2260 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2267 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2271 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2273 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2277 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2278 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2281 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2288 while (nbytes > 0) {
2291 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2296 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2298 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2299 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2302 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2306 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2320 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2321 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2328 while (nbytes > 0) {
2331 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2336 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2337 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2338 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2341 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2348 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2358 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2360 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2361 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2362 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2363 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2364 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2365 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2366 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2368 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2369 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2370 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2371 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2376 unsigned long long factor;
2379 static const struct table iec[] = {
2380 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2381 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2382 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2383 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2384 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2390 static const struct table si[] = {
2391 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2392 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2393 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2394 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2395 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2401 const struct table *table;
2403 unsigned long long r = 0;
2404 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2407 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2412 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2415 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2421 unsigned long long l2;
2427 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2440 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2443 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2444 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2446 if (errno == ERANGE)
2449 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2456 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2458 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2459 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2460 unsigned long long tmp;
2461 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2463 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2464 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2468 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2471 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2487 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2492 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2493 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2494 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2499 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2502 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2503 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2504 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2505 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2506 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2511 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2514 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2518 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2521 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2523 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2524 * sysfs or in /dev */
2527 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2528 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2531 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2532 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2543 if (!de && errno != 0)
2549 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2554 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2555 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2572 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2573 static int have_syscall = -1;
2577 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2578 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2579 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2580 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2581 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2582 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2584 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2585 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2586 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2587 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2589 have_syscall = true;
2594 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2595 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2596 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2597 have_syscall = false;
2598 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2599 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2600 * remember to use the syscall the
2601 * next time, again, but also read
2602 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2603 * doesn't care about the current
2604 * amount of entropy. */
2605 have_syscall = true;
2609 /* too short read? */
2613 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2615 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2617 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2622 if ((size_t) k != n)
2628 void initialize_srand(void) {
2629 static bool srand_called = false;
2631 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2640 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2641 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2642 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2643 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2645 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2647 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2650 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2651 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2654 srand_called = true;
2657 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2661 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2665 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2666 * get a PRNG instead. */
2670 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2674 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2677 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2678 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2679 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2680 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2681 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2682 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2685 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2687 if (program_invocation_name)
2688 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2690 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2694 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2696 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2700 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2705 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2712 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2713 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2717 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2722 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2725 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2726 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2729 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2735 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2738 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2740 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2741 return strdup(u.nodename);
2743 return strdup(u.sysname);
2746 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2749 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2751 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2754 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2757 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2758 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2760 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2762 return strdup("root");
2764 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2768 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2772 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2773 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2775 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2781 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2785 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2790 return lookup_uid(uid);
2793 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2800 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2803 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2813 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2818 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2819 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2836 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2840 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2844 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2846 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2853 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2855 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2857 unsigned long ttynr;
2861 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2862 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2866 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2876 "%*d " /* session */
2881 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2890 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2891 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2892 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2899 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2903 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2905 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2911 /* This is an ugly hack */
2912 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2913 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2917 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2918 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2919 * vaguely useful. */
2925 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2927 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2945 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2946 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2951 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2952 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2958 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2963 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2970 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2975 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2978 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2980 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2981 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2982 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2987 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2990 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2991 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2993 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2994 keep_around = false;
3000 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3001 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3004 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3005 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3006 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3007 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3012 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3013 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3017 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3018 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3022 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3024 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3025 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3032 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3035 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3036 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3039 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3042 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3045 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3048 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3053 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3058 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3059 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3061 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3062 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3067 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3070 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3075 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3079 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3080 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3083 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3089 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3090 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3091 * seriously broken system. */
3092 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3093 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3097 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3100 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3104 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3107 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3108 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3113 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3114 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3121 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3126 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3127 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3133 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3136 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3139 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3148 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3149 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3152 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3153 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3156 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3159 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3160 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3161 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3163 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3164 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3167 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3168 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3174 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3177 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3178 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3179 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3181 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3182 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3185 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3186 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3192 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3196 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3199 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3202 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3203 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3213 if (errno != EINVAL)
3220 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3221 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3222 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3223 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3224 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3226 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3230 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3231 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3233 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3236 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3249 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3255 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3263 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3264 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3267 if (!isempty(status)) {
3268 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3269 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3270 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3272 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3275 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3277 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3279 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3285 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3291 va_start(ap, format);
3292 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3298 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3305 const char *e, *word = format;
3310 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3321 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3331 } else if (*e == '$') {
3332 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3349 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3351 k = strappend(r, t);
3365 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3377 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3379 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3381 l = strv_length(argv);
3383 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3387 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3389 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3390 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3395 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3399 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);
3411 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3421 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3429 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3430 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3442 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3443 struct winsize ws = {};
3445 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3454 unsigned columns(void) {
3458 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3459 return cached_columns;
3462 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3464 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3467 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3473 return cached_columns;
3476 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3477 struct winsize ws = {};
3479 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3488 unsigned lines(void) {
3492 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3493 return cached_lines;
3496 e = getenv("LINES");
3498 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3501 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3507 return cached_lines;
3510 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3511 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3517 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3519 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3520 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3522 return cached_on_tty;
3525 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3528 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3531 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3534 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3535 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3538 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3541 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3548 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3553 assert(percent <= 100);
3554 assert(new_length >= 3);
3556 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3557 return strndup(s, old_length);
3559 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3563 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3565 if (x > new_length - 3)
3573 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3574 new_length - x - 3);
3579 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3583 unsigned k, len, len2;
3586 assert(percent <= 100);
3587 assert(new_length >= 3);
3589 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3590 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3591 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3593 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3594 return strndup(s, old_length);
3596 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3598 if (x > new_length - 3)
3602 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3605 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3608 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3611 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3614 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3617 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3618 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3621 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3625 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3627 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3629 /* make space for ellipsis */
3630 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3633 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3634 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3639 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3640 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3644 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3648 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3653 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3654 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3657 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3658 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3664 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3666 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3671 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3676 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3677 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3682 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3683 struct timespec ts[2];
3685 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3687 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3689 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3696 int touch(const char *path) {
3697 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3700 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3704 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3705 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3706 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3713 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3714 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3719 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3720 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3724 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3734 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3739 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3740 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3742 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3746 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3749 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3760 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3774 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3775 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3776 * failed for an unknown reason.
3777 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3780 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3781 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3783 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3784 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3786 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3793 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3795 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3797 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3798 if (status.si_status != 0)
3799 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3800 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3802 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3804 return status.si_status;
3805 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3806 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3808 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3812 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3816 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3818 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3819 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3827 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3830 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3833 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3839 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3844 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3847 return null_or_empty(&st);
3850 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3855 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3858 return null_or_empty(&st);
3861 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3865 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3867 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3880 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3884 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3886 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3887 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3892 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3893 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3896 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3900 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3901 t = new(char, enc_len);
3905 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3908 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3911 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3914 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3915 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3917 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3918 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3920 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3921 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3923 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3924 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3929 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3932 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3935 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3938 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3941 return streq(tty, "console");
3944 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3949 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3952 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3955 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3958 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3962 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3968 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3971 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3972 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3974 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3977 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)