1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
78 char **saved_argv = NULL;
80 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
81 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
83 size_t page_size(void) {
84 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
87 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
90 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
97 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
99 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
110 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
117 pl = strlen(postfix);
120 return (char*) s + sl;
125 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
128 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
131 char* startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
148 char* startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
158 if (tolower(*a) != tolower(*b))
165 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
180 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
184 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
187 int close_nointr(int fd) {
193 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
194 * thing to do on Linux.
196 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
197 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
198 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
199 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
201 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
209 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
212 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
215 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
218 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
221 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
223 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
224 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
227 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
238 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
241 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
243 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
249 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
250 unsigned long ul = 0;
257 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
263 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
273 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
274 unsigned long ul = 0;
281 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
287 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
302 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
304 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
305 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
307 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
310 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
314 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
322 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
324 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
325 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
327 if ((long) (int) l != l)
334 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
336 unsigned long long l;
342 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
344 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
345 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
351 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
359 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
361 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
362 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
368 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
375 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
380 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
381 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
387 /* Split a string into words. */
388 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
391 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
393 if (!*current || *c == 0)
396 current += strspn(current, separator);
397 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
400 return (char*) current;
403 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
404 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
405 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
407 bool escaped = false;
409 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
411 if (!*current || *c == 0)
414 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
416 if (*current == '\'') {
419 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
429 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
430 } else if (*current == '\"') {
433 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
443 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
445 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
450 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
457 return (char*) current;
460 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
462 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
475 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
480 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
481 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
485 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
486 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
487 * skip over it manually */
489 p = strrchr(line, ')');
501 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
504 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
509 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
510 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
518 p = "/proc/self/stat";
520 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
526 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
533 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
534 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
535 * skip over it manually */
537 p = strrchr(line, ')');
559 "%*d " /* priority */
561 "%*d " /* num_threads */
562 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
563 "%llu " /* starttime */,
570 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
575 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
581 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
584 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
588 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
595 p = "/proc/self/comm";
597 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
599 return read_one_line_file(p, name);
602 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
603 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
612 p = "/proc/self/cmdline";
614 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
620 if (max_length == 0) {
621 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
623 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
625 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
630 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
640 r = new(char, max_length);
646 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
668 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
675 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
676 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
685 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
689 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
700 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
712 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
717 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
721 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
724 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
730 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
739 p = "/proc/self/exe";
741 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
743 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
747 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
754 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
755 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
765 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
770 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
775 if (startswith(l, field)) {
777 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
779 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
781 return parse_uid(l, uid);
788 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
789 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
792 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
793 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
794 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
797 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
805 return strndup(suffix, b);
814 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
817 r = new(char, a+b+1);
822 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
828 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
829 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
832 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
842 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
845 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
851 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
862 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
863 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
870 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
874 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
882 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
889 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
893 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
900 path_kill_slashes(*r);
905 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
908 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
909 struct sigaction sa = {
910 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
911 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
914 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
917 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
918 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
919 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
927 char *strstrip(char *s) {
930 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
931 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
933 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
935 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
936 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
944 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
947 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
949 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
961 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
968 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
974 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
981 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
982 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
985 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
986 return strdup(filename);
988 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
989 return strdup(filename);
991 k = strlen(filename);
992 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
995 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
996 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1001 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1010 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1011 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1017 /* Skip last component */
1018 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1021 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1022 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1028 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1031 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1040 if (errno != ENOENT)
1047 char hexchar(int x) {
1048 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1050 return table[x & 15];
1053 int unhexchar(char c) {
1055 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1058 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1059 return c - 'a' + 10;
1061 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1062 return c - 'A' + 10;
1067 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1071 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1075 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1076 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1077 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1084 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1090 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1094 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1097 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1099 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1103 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1110 char octchar(int x) {
1111 return '0' + (x & 7);
1114 int unoctchar(char c) {
1116 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1122 char decchar(int x) {
1123 return '0' + (x % 10);
1126 int undecchar(char c) {
1128 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1134 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1140 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1142 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1146 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1192 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1193 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1194 * g_strescape() does the same */
1195 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1197 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1198 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1199 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1210 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1217 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1219 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1221 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1226 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1228 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1271 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1276 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1279 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1280 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1282 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1283 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1287 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1302 /* octal encoding */
1305 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1306 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1307 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1309 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1310 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1314 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1322 /* premature end of string.*/
1327 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1339 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1340 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1343 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1346 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1349 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1353 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1354 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1357 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1361 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1363 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1364 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1367 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1368 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1378 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1384 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1385 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1386 * case the empty string. */
1391 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1395 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1397 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1398 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1400 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1401 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1402 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1404 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1405 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1415 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1420 /* Special case for the empty string */
1424 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1428 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1433 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1434 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1435 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1438 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1450 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1455 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1456 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1457 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1462 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1466 filename[0] == '.' ||
1467 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1468 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1469 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1470 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1471 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1472 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1473 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1474 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1475 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1478 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1481 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1484 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1487 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1492 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1496 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1498 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1500 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1506 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1511 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1515 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1517 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1519 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1525 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1528 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1530 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1537 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1542 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1544 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1549 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1550 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1553 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1554 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1556 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1559 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1560 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1567 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1570 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1573 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1574 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1583 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1586 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1587 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1588 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1597 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1600 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1601 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1608 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1609 static const char table[] =
1619 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1623 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1625 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1631 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1635 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1638 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1641 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1647 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1648 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1650 char line[LINE_MAX];
1655 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1656 new_termios = old_termios;
1658 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1659 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1660 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1662 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1665 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1666 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1667 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1672 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1674 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1680 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1687 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1688 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1691 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1696 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1706 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1716 bool need_nl = true;
1719 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1726 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1730 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1733 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1734 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1745 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1750 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1754 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1755 struct termios termios;
1758 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1762 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1763 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1764 * interfere with that. */
1766 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1767 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1769 /* Switch to text mode */
1771 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1773 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1774 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1776 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1781 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1782 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1783 * else will do that for us */
1785 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1786 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1787 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1788 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1789 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1791 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1792 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1793 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1794 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1795 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1796 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1797 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1798 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1799 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1800 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1801 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1802 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1803 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1805 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1806 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1808 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1812 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1813 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1818 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1821 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1825 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1826 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1831 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1836 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1837 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1838 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1839 * retrying a couple of times.
1841 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1845 fd = open(name, mode);
1852 /* Max 1s in total */
1856 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1865 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1870 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1877 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1878 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1888 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1898 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1904 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1913 int acquire_terminal(
1917 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1920 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1925 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1926 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1927 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1929 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1930 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1931 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1932 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1933 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1934 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1935 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1936 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1938 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1939 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1941 if (!fail && !force) {
1942 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1948 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1956 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1957 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1958 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1962 r = flush_fd(notify);
1967 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1968 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1969 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1970 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1974 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1975 * if we already own the tty. */
1976 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1978 /* First, try to get the tty */
1979 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1982 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1984 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1985 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1986 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1987 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1990 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1999 assert(notify >= 0);
2002 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2004 struct inotify_event *e;
2006 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
2009 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2010 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2015 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2025 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2028 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2035 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2040 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2045 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2046 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2048 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2055 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2056 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2057 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2058 * an endless loop. */
2059 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2063 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2065 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2067 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2073 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2076 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2081 int release_terminal(void) {
2083 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2084 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2085 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2087 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2089 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2093 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2094 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2095 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2097 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2100 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2105 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2110 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2111 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2118 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2119 struct sigaction sa = {
2120 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2121 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2127 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2131 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2132 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2139 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2140 struct sigaction sa = {
2141 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2142 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2147 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2151 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2152 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2159 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2165 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2170 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2174 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2177 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2186 while (nbytes > 0) {
2189 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2191 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2194 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2195 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2200 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2204 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2207 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2208 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2213 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2224 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2233 while (nbytes > 0) {
2236 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2239 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2242 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2243 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2248 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2252 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2255 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2256 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2261 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2272 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2273 static const struct {
2275 unsigned long long factor;
2279 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2280 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2281 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2282 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2283 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2288 unsigned long long r = 0;
2300 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2311 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2313 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2314 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2315 unsigned long long tmp;
2316 if ((unsigned long long) l > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2318 tmp = l * table[i].factor;
2319 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2323 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2326 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2330 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2340 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2345 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2346 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2347 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2350 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2352 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2355 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2360 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2363 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2367 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2370 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2372 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2373 * sysfs or in /dev */
2376 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2377 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2380 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2381 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2390 union dirent_storage buf;
2392 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2399 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2404 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2405 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2422 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2423 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2427 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2431 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2432 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2438 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2441 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2444 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2445 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2446 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2447 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2448 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2449 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2452 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2454 if (program_invocation_name)
2455 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2457 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2461 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2463 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2467 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2472 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2479 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2480 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2484 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2487 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2489 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2490 return strdup(u.nodename);
2492 return strdup(u.sysname);
2495 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2498 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2500 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2503 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2506 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2507 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2509 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2511 return strdup("root");
2513 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2517 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2521 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2522 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2524 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2530 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2534 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2539 return lookup_uid(uid);
2542 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2549 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2552 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2553 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2558 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2564 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2572 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2576 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2580 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2582 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2589 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2590 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
2591 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
2592 unsigned long ttynr;
2600 fn = "/proc/self/stat";
2602 fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2604 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2608 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2609 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2613 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2623 "%*d " /* session */
2628 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2635 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2637 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
2642 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2646 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2648 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2654 /* This is an ugly hack */
2655 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2656 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2666 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2667 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2668 * vaguely useful. */
2681 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2683 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2701 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2707 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2708 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2712 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2714 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2719 union dirent_storage buf;
2720 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2724 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2725 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2733 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2736 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2738 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2739 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2740 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2745 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2748 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2749 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2751 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2752 keep_around = false;
2758 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2759 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2762 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2763 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2764 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2765 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2770 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2771 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2775 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2776 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2780 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2782 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2783 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2794 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2797 F_TYPE_CMP(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2798 F_TYPE_CMP(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2801 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2806 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2807 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2811 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2812 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2814 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2815 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2816 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2820 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2823 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2829 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2830 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2831 * seriously broken system. */
2832 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2833 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2837 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2840 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2844 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2847 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2848 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2853 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2854 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2861 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2862 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2866 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2867 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2868 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2873 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2876 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2879 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2888 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2889 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2892 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2893 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2896 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2899 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2900 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2901 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2903 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2904 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2907 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2908 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2914 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2917 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2918 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2919 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2921 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2924 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2930 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2934 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2937 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2940 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2941 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2951 if (errno != EINVAL)
2958 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2959 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2960 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2961 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2962 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
2964 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2968 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2969 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2971 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2974 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2987 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2993 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3001 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3002 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3005 if (!isempty(status)) {
3006 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3007 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3008 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3010 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3013 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3015 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3017 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3023 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3029 va_start(ap, format);
3030 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3036 int status_welcome(void) {
3038 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3040 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3041 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3042 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3044 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3045 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3047 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3048 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3049 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3050 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3053 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3060 const char *e, *word = format;
3065 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3076 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3085 } else if (*e == '$') {
3086 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3102 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3104 k = strappend(r, t);
3118 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3129 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3131 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3133 l = strv_length(argv);
3135 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3138 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3140 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3141 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3146 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3149 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3160 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3169 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3177 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3178 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3188 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3189 struct winsize ws = {};
3191 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3200 unsigned columns(void) {
3204 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3205 return cached_columns;
3208 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3213 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3222 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3223 struct winsize ws = {};
3225 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3234 unsigned lines(void) {
3238 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3239 return cached_lines;
3242 e = getenv("LINES");
3247 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3253 return cached_lines;
3256 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3257 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3263 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3265 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3266 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3268 return cached_on_tty;
3271 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3272 struct stat a = {}, b = {};
3274 /* Only works as root */
3275 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3278 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3282 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3283 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3286 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3291 assert(percent <= 100);
3292 assert(new_length >= 3);
3294 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3295 return strndup(s, old_length);
3297 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3301 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3303 if (x > new_length - 3)
3311 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3312 new_length - x - 3);
3317 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3318 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3321 int touch(const char *path) {
3326 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3327 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3330 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3334 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3338 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3342 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3343 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3344 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3351 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3352 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3357 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3358 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3361 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3373 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3377 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3385 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3389 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3395 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3406 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3418 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3425 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3427 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3431 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3432 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3433 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3434 return status.si_status;
3437 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3440 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3441 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3443 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3447 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3451 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3453 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3454 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3462 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3465 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3468 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3474 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3479 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3482 return null_or_empty(&st);
3485 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3489 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags);
3495 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3502 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3506 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3508 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3509 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3514 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3518 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3519 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3521 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3525 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3531 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
3540 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3543 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3544 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3546 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3547 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3549 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3550 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3552 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3553 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3558 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3561 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3564 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3567 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3570 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3573 return streq(tty, "console");
3576 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3581 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3584 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3587 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3590 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3594 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3600 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3603 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3604 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3606 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3609 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3612 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3613 * /dev/console points to */
3614 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3623 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3624 char *active = NULL;
3629 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3632 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3633 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3644 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3647 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3650 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3653 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3656 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3657 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3658 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3664 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3667 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3668 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3669 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3672 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3675 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3678 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3681 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3685 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3686 * waits for them to finish. */
3689 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3691 if (errno == ENOENT)
3694 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3701 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3702 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3706 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3711 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3714 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3719 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3720 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3738 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3739 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3742 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3744 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3745 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3750 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3751 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3755 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3760 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3764 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3765 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3766 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3767 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3769 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3771 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3782 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3785 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3788 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3796 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3802 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3803 if (streq(i, needle))
3809 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3810 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3813 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3822 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3824 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3825 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3826 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3832 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3839 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3846 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3856 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3862 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
3866 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3873 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
3874 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
3885 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3890 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3892 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3894 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
3897 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3904 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3907 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3909 struct pollfd pollfd = {
3914 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3921 return pollfd.revents;
3924 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3935 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3939 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3943 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3945 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3951 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3964 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3967 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3973 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3976 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3980 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3981 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3986 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3990 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3991 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3992 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3994 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
3997 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
3998 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
3999 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4001 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4006 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4007 "\033[H" /* move home */
4008 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4010 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4015 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4018 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4025 /* Try to deallocate */
4026 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4030 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4031 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4039 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4041 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4046 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4047 "\033[H" /* move home */
4048 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4050 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4055 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4061 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4065 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4067 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4075 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4079 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4090 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4092 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4094 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4102 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4103 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4113 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4115 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4118 unsigned long long ull;
4125 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4129 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4133 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4136 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4137 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4143 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4146 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4155 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4159 display[0] == ':' &&
4160 display[1] >= '0' &&
4164 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4171 if (!display_is_local(display))
4174 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4176 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4180 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4181 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4190 const char **username,
4191 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4193 const char **shell) {
4201 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4202 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4204 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4222 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4226 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4227 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4228 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4229 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4230 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4232 *username = p->pw_name;
4235 p = getpwnam(*username);
4239 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4251 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4256 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4261 return strdup("root");
4265 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4267 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4273 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4278 return strdup("root");
4282 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4284 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4290 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4296 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4297 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4299 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4300 *groupname = "root";
4308 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4313 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4316 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4320 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4328 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4330 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4332 if (getgid() == gid)
4335 if (getegid() == gid)
4338 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4339 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4341 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4343 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4347 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4354 int in_group(const char *name) {
4358 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4365 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4366 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4372 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4374 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4376 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4379 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4381 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4384 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4385 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4390 k = glob(optarg, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4392 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4394 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4396 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4397 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4399 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4400 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4408 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4414 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4417 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4421 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4422 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4423 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4424 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4425 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4426 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4427 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4433 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4437 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4443 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4444 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4455 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4463 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4464 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4473 union dirent_storage buf;
4476 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4485 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4487 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4491 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4495 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4504 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4506 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
4530 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4544 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4549 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4573 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4587 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4588 static __thread int cached = 0;
4590 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4591 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4596 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4603 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4604 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4607 r = access(p, F_OK);
4615 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4616 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4619 r = access(p, F_OK);
4625 /* Get parent dev_t */
4626 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4629 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4635 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4641 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4642 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4645 r = access(p, F_OK);
4649 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4656 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4661 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4665 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4666 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4669 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4670 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4671 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4672 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4673 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4676 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4678 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4679 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4680 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4681 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4682 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4683 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4684 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4687 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4689 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4690 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4691 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4692 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4693 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4694 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4695 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4696 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4697 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4698 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4699 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4700 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4701 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4702 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4703 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4704 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4705 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4706 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4707 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4708 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4709 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4712 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4714 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4715 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4716 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4717 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4719 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4720 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4721 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4722 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4725 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4727 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4728 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4729 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4730 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4731 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4735 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4737 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4738 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4739 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4740 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4741 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4742 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4743 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4744 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4745 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4746 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4747 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4748 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4749 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4750 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4751 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4752 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4753 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4756 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4758 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4759 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4760 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4761 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4762 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4765 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4767 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4784 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4795 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4797 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4803 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4805 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4806 static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4809 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4813 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4814 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4816 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4821 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4826 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4830 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4834 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4835 signo = (int) u + offset;
4836 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4842 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4843 bool loaded = false;
4846 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4854 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4872 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4874 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4883 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4890 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4893 static const struct {
4897 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4898 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4899 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4900 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4901 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4905 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4907 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4910 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4911 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4918 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4926 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4939 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4941 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4943 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4945 l == sizeof(value) &&
4946 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4950 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4957 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4959 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4961 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4963 l == sizeof(value) &&
4964 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4968 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4975 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4976 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4978 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4986 parent_pid = getpid();
4988 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4995 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5002 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5003 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5004 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5006 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5007 * to set the death signal */
5008 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5009 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5011 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5012 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5014 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5015 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5017 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5018 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5019 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5020 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5021 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5022 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5023 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5024 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5025 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5027 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5028 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5032 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5035 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5041 /* Count arguments */
5043 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5048 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5050 /* Fill in arguments */
5052 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5053 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5057 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5060 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5061 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5065 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5071 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5072 * to get as close as we can */
5073 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5075 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5076 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5078 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5084 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5085 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5097 path = "/proc/self/environ";
5099 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5101 f = fopen(path, "re");
5109 char line[LINE_MAX];
5112 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5116 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5126 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5127 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5141 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5144 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5147 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5150 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5153 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5156 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5162 bool in_initrd(void) {
5163 static __thread int saved = -1;
5169 /* We make two checks here:
5171 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5172 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5174 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5175 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5176 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5179 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5180 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5181 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5186 void warn_melody(void) {
5187 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5189 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5193 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5195 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5196 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5198 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5199 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5201 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5202 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5204 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5207 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5210 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5212 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5214 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5220 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5227 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5235 /* Take the user specified one */
5246 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5249 h = strdup("/root");
5257 /* Check the database... */
5261 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5263 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5266 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5274 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5288 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5294 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5299 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5300 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5303 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5310 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5315 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5316 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5322 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5327 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5330 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5333 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5334 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5337 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5343 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5344 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5345 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5354 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5355 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5358 else if (comparison > 0)
5366 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5368 static int cached_answer = -1;
5370 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5373 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5374 cached_answer = true;
5378 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5380 cached_answer = true;
5384 if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5385 cached_answer = true;
5389 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true,
5390 * because CTYPE is effectly unset and
5391 * everything defaults to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5393 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5395 cached_answer = true;
5399 cached_answer = streq(set, "C");
5402 return (bool)cached_answer;
5405 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5406 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5408 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5409 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5410 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5411 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5412 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5414 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5415 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5416 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5417 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5418 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5419 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5423 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5426 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5429 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5435 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5436 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5449 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5455 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5456 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5464 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5476 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5477 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5482 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5484 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5490 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5492 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5494 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5498 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5503 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5505 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5506 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5507 else if (*i == '\t')
5514 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5517 } else if (*i == '[') {
5518 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5523 state = STATE_OTHER;
5530 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5531 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5534 state = STATE_OTHER;
5536 } else if (*i == 'm')
5537 state = STATE_OTHER;
5559 int on_ac_power(void) {
5560 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5561 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5563 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5569 union dirent_storage buf;
5570 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5575 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5582 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5585 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5587 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5593 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5595 if (errno == ENOENT)
5601 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5605 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5608 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5609 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5611 if (errno == ENOENT)
5617 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5621 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5624 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5625 found_online = true;
5627 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5628 found_offline = true;
5633 return found_online || !found_offline;
5636 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5643 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5646 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5647 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5650 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5660 if (errno != ENOENT)
5667 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5668 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5674 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5677 f = fopen(path, mode);
5686 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5690 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5693 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5694 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5696 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5699 f = fopen(path, mode);
5708 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5712 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5715 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5721 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
5722 d = mkdtemp(template);
5725 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5729 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5735 RUN_WITH_UMASK(0000) {
5736 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5739 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5743 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5745 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5747 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5751 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5765 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5772 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5779 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5784 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5793 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5803 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5817 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5825 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5829 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5836 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5840 if (*allocated >= need)
5843 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);
5853 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
5859 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
5861 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5864 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5865 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5866 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5870 } else if (l == 36) {
5872 /* Formatted UUID */
5874 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
5877 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
5881 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
5882 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
5883 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
5894 void parse_user_at_host(char *arg, char **user, char **host) {
5899 *host = strchr(arg, '@');