1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
67 #include "path-util.h"
68 #include "exit-status.h"
72 char **saved_argv = NULL;
74 size_t page_size(void) {
75 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
78 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
81 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
88 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
90 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
101 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
104 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
106 return timespec_load(&ts);
109 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
112 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
113 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
118 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
127 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
129 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
131 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
132 ts->monotonic -= delta;
140 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
144 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
145 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
148 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
151 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
152 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
157 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
161 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
162 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
165 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
168 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
169 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
174 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
181 pl = strlen(postfix);
189 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
192 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
207 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
210 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
226 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i)
227 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
233 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
248 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
252 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
255 int close_nointr(int fd) {
270 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
271 int saved_errno = errno;
273 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
276 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
281 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
284 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
285 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
288 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
291 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
293 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
299 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
300 unsigned long ul = 0;
307 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
313 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
323 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
324 unsigned long ul = 0;
331 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
337 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
344 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
352 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
354 if (!x || *x || errno)
355 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
357 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
360 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
364 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
372 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
374 if (!x || *x || errno)
375 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
377 if ((long) (int) l != l)
384 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
386 unsigned long long l;
392 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
394 if (!x || *x || errno)
395 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
401 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
409 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
411 if (!x || *x || errno)
412 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
418 /* Split a string into words. */
419 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
422 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
424 if (!*current || *c == 0)
427 current += strspn(current, separator);
428 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
431 return (char*) current;
434 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
435 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
436 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
438 bool escaped = false;
440 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
442 if (!*current || *c == 0)
445 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
447 if (*current == '\'') {
450 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
460 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
461 } else if (*current == '\"') {
464 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
474 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
476 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
481 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
488 return (char*) current;
491 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
493 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
494 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
500 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
507 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
508 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
513 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
514 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
515 * skip over it manually */
517 p = strrchr(line, ')');
529 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
532 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
537 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
538 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
539 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
544 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
551 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
558 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
559 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
560 * skip over it manually */
562 p = strrchr(line, ')');
584 "%*d " /* priority */
586 "%*d " /* num_threads */
587 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
588 "%llu " /* starttime */,
595 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
596 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
606 if (fputs(line, f) < 0)
607 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
609 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
615 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
620 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
625 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
631 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
639 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
643 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
646 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
651 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
662 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
678 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
679 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
680 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
689 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
692 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
706 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
707 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
709 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
716 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0)
720 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024)
723 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
730 t = realloc(buf, n+1);
735 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
764 const char *separator, ...) {
767 char *contents = NULL, *p;
772 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
777 const char *key = NULL;
779 p += strspn(p, separator);
780 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
785 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
789 va_start(ap, separator);
790 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
794 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
797 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
802 n = strcspn(p, separator);
805 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
807 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
818 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
835 p += strcspn(p, separator);
854 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
858 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
861 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
874 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
877 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
882 t = strv_append(m, u);
908 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
913 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
917 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
933 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
948 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
951 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
955 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
961 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
964 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
967 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
974 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
981 assert(max_length > 0);
985 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
988 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
998 r = new(char, max_length);
1006 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1028 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1029 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1036 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1046 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1050 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
1061 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1071 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1080 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1084 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1087 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1092 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1098 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1101 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1104 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1111 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1121 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1131 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1133 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1143 if (startswith(l, "Uid:")) {
1145 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1147 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1149 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1162 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1170 return strndup(suffix, b);
1180 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1184 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1190 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1191 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1194 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1204 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1207 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1213 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1224 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1231 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1234 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1244 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1251 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1255 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1262 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1267 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1270 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1271 struct sigaction sa;
1273 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1277 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1278 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1280 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1281 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1282 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1283 if (errno != EINVAL)
1290 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1293 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1294 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1296 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1298 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1299 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1307 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1310 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1312 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1313 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1324 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1330 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1331 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1337 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1344 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1345 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1348 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1349 return strdup(filename);
1351 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1352 return strdup(filename);
1354 k = strlen(filename);
1355 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1358 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1359 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1364 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1373 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1374 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1380 /* Skip last component */
1381 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1384 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1385 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1391 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1394 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1403 if (errno != ENOENT)
1411 char hexchar(int x) {
1412 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1414 return table[x & 15];
1417 int unhexchar(char c) {
1419 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1422 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1423 return c - 'a' + 10;
1425 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1426 return c - 'A' + 10;
1431 char octchar(int x) {
1432 return '0' + (x & 7);
1435 int unoctchar(char c) {
1437 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1443 char decchar(int x) {
1444 return '0' + (x % 10);
1447 int undecchar(char c) {
1449 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1455 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1461 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1463 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1467 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1513 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1514 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1515 * g_strescape() does the same */
1516 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1518 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1519 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1520 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1531 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1538 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1540 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1542 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1547 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1549 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1592 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1597 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1600 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1601 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1603 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1604 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1608 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1623 /* octal encoding */
1626 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1627 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1628 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1630 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1631 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1635 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1643 /* premature end of string.*/
1648 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1660 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1661 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1664 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1667 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1670 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1674 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1675 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1678 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1681 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1683 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1684 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1687 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1688 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1698 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1704 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1705 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1707 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1710 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1712 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1713 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1714 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1716 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1717 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1727 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1732 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1735 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1740 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1741 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1742 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1745 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1757 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1762 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1763 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1764 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1769 static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1773 filename[0] == '.' ||
1774 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1775 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1776 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1777 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1778 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1779 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1780 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1781 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1782 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1785 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1788 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1791 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1794 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1799 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1803 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1805 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1807 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1813 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1818 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1822 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1824 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1826 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1832 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1835 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1837 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1844 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1849 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1851 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1856 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1857 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1860 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1861 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1863 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1866 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1867 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1874 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1877 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1880 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1881 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1890 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1893 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1894 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1895 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1904 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1907 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1908 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1915 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1925 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1927 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1933 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1936 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1938 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1943 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1944 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1945 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1946 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1947 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1948 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1949 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1950 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1951 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1952 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1953 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1954 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1955 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1956 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1957 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1958 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1959 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1960 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1961 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1962 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1963 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1964 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1965 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1966 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1967 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1968 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1969 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1970 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1971 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1972 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1973 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1974 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1975 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1976 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1977 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1978 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1979 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1981 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1982 (unsigned long long) d);
1984 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
1990 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1991 static const struct {
1995 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
1996 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
1997 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
1998 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
1999 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2000 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2010 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2014 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2019 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2021 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2025 if (t < table[i].usec)
2031 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2032 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2045 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2046 static const char table[] =
2055 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
2059 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2061 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2067 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2071 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
2074 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2077 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2083 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2084 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2086 char line[LINE_MAX];
2091 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2092 new_termios = old_termios;
2094 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2095 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2096 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2098 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2101 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2102 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2103 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2108 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2110 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2116 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2123 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2124 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2127 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2132 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2142 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2149 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2155 bool need_nl = true;
2158 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2165 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2169 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2172 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2173 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2184 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2189 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2193 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2194 struct termios termios;
2197 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2201 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2202 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2203 * interfere with that. */
2205 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2206 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2208 /* Switch to text mode */
2210 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2212 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2213 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2215 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2220 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2221 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2222 * else will do that for us */
2224 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2225 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2226 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2227 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2228 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2230 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2231 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2232 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2233 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2234 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2235 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2236 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2237 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2238 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2239 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2240 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2241 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2242 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2244 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2245 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2247 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2251 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2252 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2257 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2260 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2264 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2265 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2270 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2275 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2276 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2277 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2278 * retrying a couple of times.
2280 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2284 fd = open(name, mode);
2291 /* Max 1s in total */
2295 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2304 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2309 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2316 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2317 struct pollfd pollfd;
2321 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2328 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2339 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2344 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2355 int acquire_terminal(
2359 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2362 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2364 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2368 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2369 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2370 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2372 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2373 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2374 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2375 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2376 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2377 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2378 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2379 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2381 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
2382 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2384 if (!fail && !force) {
2385 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2391 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2400 r = flush_fd(notify);
2405 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2406 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2407 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2408 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2412 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2413 * if we already own the tty. */
2415 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2416 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2417 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2419 /* First, try to get the tty */
2420 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2423 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2425 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2426 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2427 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2428 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2431 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2440 assert(notify >= 0);
2443 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2445 struct inotify_event *e;
2447 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
2450 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2451 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2456 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2466 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2469 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2476 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2481 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2486 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2487 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2489 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2496 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2497 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2498 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2499 * an endless loop. */
2500 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2504 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2506 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2508 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2514 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2517 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2522 int release_terminal(void) {
2524 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2526 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2529 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2530 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2533 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2534 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2535 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2537 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2540 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2542 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2546 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2551 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2552 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2559 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2560 struct sigaction sa;
2565 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2566 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2568 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2572 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2573 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2580 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2581 struct sigaction sa;
2586 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2587 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2589 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2593 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2594 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2601 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2607 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2612 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2616 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2619 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2628 while (nbytes > 0) {
2631 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2633 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2636 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2637 struct pollfd pollfd;
2641 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2643 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2647 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2650 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2651 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2656 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2667 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2676 while (nbytes > 0) {
2679 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2682 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2685 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2686 struct pollfd pollfd;
2690 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2692 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2696 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2699 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2700 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2705 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2716 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2717 static const struct {
2721 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2722 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2723 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2724 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2725 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2726 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2727 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2728 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2729 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2730 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2733 { "", USEC_PER_SEC }, /* default is sec */
2749 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2760 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2762 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2763 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2764 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2765 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2769 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2779 int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec) {
2780 static const struct {
2784 { "sec", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2785 { "s", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2786 { "min", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2787 { "hr", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2788 { "h", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2789 { "d", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2790 { "w", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2791 { "msec", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2792 { "ms", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2793 { "m", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2794 { "usec", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2795 { "us", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2798 { "", 1ULL }, /* default is nsec */
2814 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2825 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2827 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2828 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2829 r += (nsec_t) l * table[i].nsec;
2830 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2834 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2844 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2845 static const struct {
2851 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2852 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2853 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2854 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2855 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2872 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2883 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2885 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2886 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2887 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2888 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2892 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2902 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2907 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2908 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2909 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2912 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2914 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2917 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2922 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2925 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2929 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2932 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2934 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2935 * sysfs or in /dev */
2938 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2939 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2942 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2943 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2951 struct dirent buf, *de;
2953 r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de);
2960 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2965 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2966 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2970 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2974 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2975 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2981 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2984 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2987 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2988 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2989 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2990 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2991 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2992 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2995 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2997 if (program_invocation_name)
2998 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3000 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3004 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3006 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3010 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3015 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3022 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3023 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3027 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3030 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3032 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
3033 return strdup(u.nodename);
3035 return strdup(u.sysname);
3038 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
3041 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3043 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
3046 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
3049 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
3050 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3052 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3054 return strdup("root");
3056 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
3060 buf = malloc(bufsize);
3064 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
3065 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
3067 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3073 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3077 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3082 return lookup_uid(uid);
3085 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
3092 return lookup_uid(getuid());
3095 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3096 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3101 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
3107 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
3115 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3119 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
3123 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3125 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3132 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3134 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3135 unsigned long ttynr;
3138 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3141 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3146 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3147 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3154 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3164 "%*d " /* session */
3173 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3175 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3180 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3184 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3187 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3192 /* This is an ugly hack */
3193 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3194 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3204 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3205 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3206 * vaguely useful. */
3208 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3218 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3220 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3238 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3244 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3245 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
3249 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3251 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3255 struct dirent buf, *de;
3256 bool is_dir, keep_around;
3260 r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de);
3261 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
3269 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3272 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
3274 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
3275 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3276 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3281 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3284 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3285 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3287 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3288 keep_around = false;
3294 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3295 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3298 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3299 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3300 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3301 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3306 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3307 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3311 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3312 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3316 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3318 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3319 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3330 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3335 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3336 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3340 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3341 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3344 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3345 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3346 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3347 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3351 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3354 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3360 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3361 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3362 * seriously broken system. */
3363 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3364 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3368 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3371 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3375 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3378 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3379 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3380 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3385 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3386 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3393 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3394 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3398 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3399 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3400 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3401 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3406 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3409 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3412 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3421 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3422 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3425 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3426 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3429 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3432 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3433 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3434 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3436 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3437 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3440 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3441 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3447 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3450 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3451 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3452 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3454 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3457 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3463 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3467 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3470 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3473 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3474 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3484 if (errno != EINVAL)
3491 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3492 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3493 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3494 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3495 struct iovec iovec[5];
3500 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3501 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3503 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3506 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3519 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3525 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3535 if (!isempty(status)) {
3536 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3537 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3538 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3540 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3543 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3544 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3546 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3552 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3558 va_start(ap, format);
3559 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3565 int status_welcome(void) {
3567 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3569 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3570 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3571 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3573 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3574 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3576 return status_printf(NULL, false,
3577 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3578 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3579 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3582 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3589 const char *e, *word = format;
3594 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3605 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3614 } else if (*e == '$') {
3615 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3631 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3634 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3647 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3658 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3660 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3662 l = strv_length(argv);
3664 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3667 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3669 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3670 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3675 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3677 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3688 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3697 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3705 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3706 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3716 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3720 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3729 static unsigned columns_cached(bool cached) {
3730 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0, env_columns = -1;
3733 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0 && cached))
3734 return parsed_columns;
3736 if (_unlikely_(env_columns == -1)) {
3737 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3739 env_columns = atoi(e);
3744 if (env_columns > 0) {
3745 parsed_columns = env_columns;
3746 return parsed_columns;
3749 if (parsed_columns <= 0 || !cached)
3750 parsed_columns = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3752 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3753 parsed_columns = 80;
3755 return parsed_columns;
3758 unsigned columns(void) {
3759 return columns_cached(true);
3762 unsigned columns_uncached(void) {
3763 return columns_cached(false);
3766 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3770 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3779 unsigned lines(void) {
3780 static __thread int parsed_lines = 0;
3783 if (_likely_(parsed_lines > 0))
3784 return parsed_lines;
3786 e = getenv("LINES");
3788 parsed_lines = atoi(e);
3790 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3791 parsed_lines = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3793 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3796 return parsed_lines;
3799 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3805 /* Only works as root */
3807 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3810 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3814 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3815 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3818 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3823 assert(percent <= 100);
3824 assert(new_length >= 3);
3826 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3827 return strndup(s, old_length);
3829 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3833 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3835 if (x > new_length - 3)
3843 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3844 new_length - x - 3);
3849 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3850 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3853 int touch(const char *path) {
3858 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3859 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3862 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3866 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3870 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3874 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3875 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3876 * escaping or anything. */
3882 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3883 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3888 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3889 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3894 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3900 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3903 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3908 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3916 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
3925 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3936 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3948 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3955 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3957 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3961 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3962 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3963 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3964 return status.si_status;
3967 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3970 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3971 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3973 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3977 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3981 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3983 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3984 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3992 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3995 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3998 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
4004 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
4009 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
4012 return null_or_empty(&st);
4015 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4019 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags);
4025 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4032 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4036 signo = signal_from_string(s);
4038 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4039 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4044 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4050 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4053 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4055 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4056 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4059 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4060 unsigned long long a, b;
4065 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4066 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4073 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
4077 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4078 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4080 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
4084 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4090 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
4099 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4100 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
4101 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
4103 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
4104 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
4106 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
4107 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
4109 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
4110 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
4115 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4118 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4121 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4124 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
4127 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4130 return streq(tty, "console");
4133 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4138 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4141 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4144 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4147 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4151 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4157 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4158 char *active = NULL;
4163 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4166 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
4167 * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
4168 * for container setups) */
4169 if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
4170 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4171 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4172 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4173 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4186 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4189 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4192 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4195 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4198 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4199 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4200 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4206 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4209 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4210 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4211 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4214 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4217 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4220 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4223 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4227 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4228 * until all they all finished. */
4231 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4233 if (errno == ENOENT)
4236 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4243 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4244 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4248 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4253 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4256 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4261 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4262 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4280 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4281 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4284 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4286 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4287 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4292 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4293 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4298 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4303 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4307 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4308 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
4309 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4310 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4312 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4314 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4325 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4328 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4331 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4339 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4345 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4346 if (streq(i, needle))
4352 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4353 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4356 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4365 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4367 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4368 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4369 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4375 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4381 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4382 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4385 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4391 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4394 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4395 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4396 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4397 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4405 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4409 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4410 struct pollfd pollfd;
4415 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4417 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4424 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4427 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4428 struct pollfd pollfd;
4433 pollfd.events = event;
4435 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4442 return pollfd.revents;
4445 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4456 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4460 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4464 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4466 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4472 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4485 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4488 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4494 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4497 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4501 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4502 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4507 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4511 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4512 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4513 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4515 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4518 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4519 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4520 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4522 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4527 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4528 "\033[H" /* move home */
4529 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4531 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4536 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4539 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4546 /* Try to deallocate */
4547 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4551 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4552 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4560 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4562 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4567 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4568 "\033[H" /* move home */
4569 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4571 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4576 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4582 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4586 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4588 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4596 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4600 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4611 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4613 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4615 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4623 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4624 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4634 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4636 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4639 unsigned long long ull;
4646 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4650 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4654 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4657 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4658 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4664 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4667 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4676 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4680 display[0] == ':' &&
4681 display[1] >= '0' &&
4685 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4692 if (!display_is_local(display))
4695 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4697 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4701 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4702 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4711 const char **username,
4712 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4714 const char **shell) {
4722 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4723 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4725 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4743 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4747 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4748 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4749 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4750 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4751 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4753 *username = p->pw_name;
4756 p = getpwnam(*username);
4760 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4772 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4777 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4783 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4784 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4786 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4787 *groupname = "root";
4795 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4800 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4803 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4807 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4815 int in_group(const char *name) {
4817 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4819 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4823 if (getgid() == gid)
4826 if (getegid() == gid)
4829 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4830 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4832 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4834 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4838 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4845 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4853 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4855 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4857 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4860 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4862 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4869 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4875 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4878 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4882 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4883 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4884 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4885 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4886 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4887 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4888 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4894 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4898 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4904 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4905 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4916 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4924 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4925 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4933 struct dirent buffer, *de;
4936 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
4945 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4947 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4951 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4955 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4964 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4966 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
4990 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
5003 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5026 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5040 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5041 static __thread int cached = 0;
5043 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5044 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5049 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5056 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5057 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5060 r = access(p, F_OK);
5068 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5069 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5072 r = access(p, F_OK);
5078 /* Get parent dev_t */
5079 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5082 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5088 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5094 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5095 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5098 r = access(p, F_OK);
5102 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5109 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5114 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5118 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5119 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5122 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5123 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5124 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5125 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5126 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5129 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5131 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5132 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5133 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5134 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5135 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5136 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5137 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5140 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5142 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5143 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5144 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5145 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5146 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5147 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5148 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5149 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5150 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5151 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5152 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5153 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5154 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5155 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5156 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5157 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5158 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5159 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5160 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5161 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5162 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5165 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5167 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5168 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5169 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5170 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5172 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5173 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5174 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5175 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5178 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5180 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5181 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5182 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5183 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5184 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5188 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5190 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5191 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5192 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5193 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5194 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5195 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5196 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5197 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5198 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5199 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5200 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5201 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5202 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5203 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5204 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5205 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5206 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5209 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5211 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5212 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5213 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5214 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5215 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5218 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5220 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5237 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5248 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5250 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5256 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5258 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5259 static __thread char buf[12];
5262 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5266 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5267 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5269 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5274 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5279 signo =__signal_from_string(s);
5283 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5287 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5288 signo = (int) u + offset;
5289 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5295 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5296 bool loaded = false;
5299 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5307 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5325 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5327 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5336 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5343 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5346 static const struct {
5350 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5351 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5352 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5353 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5354 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5358 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5360 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5363 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5364 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5371 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5379 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5392 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5394 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5396 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5398 l == sizeof(value) &&
5399 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5403 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5410 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5412 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5414 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5416 l == sizeof(value) &&
5417 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5421 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5428 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5429 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5431 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5439 parent_pid = getpid();
5441 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5448 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5455 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5456 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5457 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5459 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5460 * to set the death signal */
5461 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5462 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5464 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5465 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5467 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5468 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5470 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5471 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5472 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5473 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5474 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5475 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5476 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5477 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5478 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5480 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5481 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5485 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5488 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5494 /* Count arguments */
5496 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5501 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5503 /* Fill in arguments */
5505 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5506 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5510 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5513 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5514 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5518 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5524 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5525 * to get as close as we can */
5526 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5528 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5529 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5531 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5537 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5538 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5550 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5553 f = fopen(path, "re");
5561 char line[LINE_MAX];
5564 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5568 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5578 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5579 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5599 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5603 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5607 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5609 return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
5612 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state)
5613 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5619 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5622 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5625 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5628 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5631 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5634 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5640 bool in_initrd(void) {
5641 static __thread int saved = -1;
5647 /* We make two checks here:
5649 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5650 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5652 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5653 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5654 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5657 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5658 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5659 (s.f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC || s.f_type == RAMFS_MAGIC);
5664 void warn_melody(void) {
5665 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5667 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5671 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. Bute well... */
5673 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5674 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5676 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5677 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5679 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5680 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5682 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5685 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5688 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5690 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5692 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5698 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5705 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5713 /* Take the user specified one */
5724 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5727 h = strdup("/root");
5735 /* Check the database... */
5739 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5741 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5744 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5752 int get_shell(char **_sh) {
5760 /* Take the user specified one */
5761 e = getenv("SHELL");
5771 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5774 sh = strdup("/bin/sh");
5782 /* Check the database... */
5786 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5788 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5791 sh = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5799 void freep(void *p) {
5803 void fclosep(FILE **f) {
5808 void closep(int *fd) {
5810 close_nointr_nofail(*fd);
5813 void closedirp(DIR **d) {
5818 void umaskp(mode_t *u) {