1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
187 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
188 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
189 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
190 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
198 int safe_close(int fd) {
201 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
202 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
203 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
205 * fd = safe_close(fd);
211 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
212 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
213 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
214 * the fd was invalid at all... */
216 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
222 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
225 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
227 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
231 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
242 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
245 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
247 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
253 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
254 unsigned long ul = 0;
261 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
267 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
277 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
278 unsigned long ul = 0;
285 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
291 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
295 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
298 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
299 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
306 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
314 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
316 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
317 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
319 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
322 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
326 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
334 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
336 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
337 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
339 if ((long) (int) l != l)
346 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
354 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
356 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
357 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
359 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
366 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
368 unsigned long long l;
374 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
376 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
377 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
383 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
391 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
393 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
394 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
407 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
412 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
413 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
419 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
420 bool escaped = false;
423 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
426 else if (s[n] == '\\')
428 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
431 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
435 /* Split a string into words. */
436 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
442 assert(**state == '\0');
446 current += strspn(current, separator);
452 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
453 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
455 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
456 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
457 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
458 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
462 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
463 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
465 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
466 *state = current + *l;
468 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
469 *state = current + *l;
475 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
477 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
489 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
490 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
494 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
495 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
496 * skip over it manually */
498 p = strrchr(line, ')');
510 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
513 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
518 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
520 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
526 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
527 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
531 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
532 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
533 * skip over it manually */
535 p = strrchr(line, ')');
557 "%*d " /* priority */
559 "%*d " /* num_threads */
560 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
561 "%llu " /* starttime */,
568 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
573 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
579 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
582 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
586 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
590 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
594 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
595 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
599 p = strrchr(line, ')');
605 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
608 return (unsigned char) state;
611 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
618 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
620 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
627 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
628 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
636 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
642 if (max_length == 0) {
643 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
645 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
647 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
652 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
662 r = new(char, max_length);
668 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
690 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
697 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
698 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
699 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
707 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
711 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
720 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
732 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
737 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
741 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
744 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
749 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
755 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
757 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
760 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
768 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
770 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
772 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
774 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
781 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
782 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
792 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
797 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
802 if (startswith(l, field)) {
804 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
806 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
808 return parse_uid(l, uid);
815 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
816 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
819 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
820 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
821 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
824 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
832 return strndup(suffix, b);
841 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
844 r = new(char, a+b+1);
849 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
855 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
856 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
859 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
874 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
881 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
892 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
893 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
896 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
897 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
904 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
908 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
916 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
923 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
927 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
934 path_kill_slashes(*r);
939 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
942 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
943 struct sigaction sa = {
944 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
945 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
948 /* These two cannot be caught... */
949 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
952 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
953 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
954 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
955 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
962 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
965 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
968 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
974 char *strstrip(char *s) {
977 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
978 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
980 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
982 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
983 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
991 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
994 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
996 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1008 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1015 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1016 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1019 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1020 return strdup(filename);
1022 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1023 return strdup(filename);
1025 k = strlen(filename);
1026 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1029 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1030 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1035 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1044 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1045 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1051 /* Skip last component */
1052 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1055 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1056 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1062 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1065 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1074 if (errno != ENOENT)
1081 char hexchar(int x) {
1082 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1084 return table[x & 15];
1087 int unhexchar(char c) {
1089 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1092 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1093 return c - 'a' + 10;
1095 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1096 return c - 'A' + 10;
1101 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1105 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1109 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1110 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1111 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1118 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1124 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1128 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1131 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1133 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1137 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1144 char octchar(int x) {
1145 return '0' + (x & 7);
1148 int unoctchar(char c) {
1150 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1156 char decchar(int x) {
1157 return '0' + (x % 10);
1160 int undecchar(char c) {
1162 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1168 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1174 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1176 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1180 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1226 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1227 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1228 * g_strescape() does the same */
1229 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1231 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1232 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1233 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1244 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1251 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1253 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1255 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1260 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1262 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1305 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1310 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1313 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1314 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1316 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1317 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1321 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1336 /* octal encoding */
1339 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1340 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1341 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1343 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1344 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1348 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1356 /* premature end of string.*/
1361 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1373 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1374 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1377 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1380 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1383 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1387 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1388 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1391 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1395 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1397 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1398 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1401 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1402 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1412 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1417 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1418 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1419 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1424 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1428 filename[0] == '.' ||
1429 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1430 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1431 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1432 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1433 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1434 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1435 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1436 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1437 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1438 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1441 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1444 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1447 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1450 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1455 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1460 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1462 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1464 if (nflags == flags)
1467 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1473 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1478 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1483 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1485 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1487 if (nflags == flags)
1490 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1496 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1499 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1501 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1508 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1509 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1513 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1515 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1520 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1521 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1524 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1525 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1527 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1530 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1531 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1538 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1541 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1544 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1545 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1554 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1557 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1558 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1559 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1567 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1570 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1571 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1578 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1579 static const char table[] =
1593 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1597 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1601 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1603 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1609 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1613 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1616 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1619 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1625 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1626 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1627 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1632 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1633 new_termios = old_termios;
1635 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1636 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1637 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1639 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1642 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1643 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1644 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1649 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1651 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1657 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1664 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1665 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1670 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1671 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1675 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1685 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1695 bool need_nl = true;
1698 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1705 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1709 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1712 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1713 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1724 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1729 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1733 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1738 char line[LINE_MAX];
1742 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1749 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1754 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1755 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1757 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1776 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1777 struct termios termios;
1780 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1784 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1785 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1786 * interfere with that. */
1788 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1789 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1791 /* Switch to text mode */
1793 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1795 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1796 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1798 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1803 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1804 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1805 * else will do that for us */
1807 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1808 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1809 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1810 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1811 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1813 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1814 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1815 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1816 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1817 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1818 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1819 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1820 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1821 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1822 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1823 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1824 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1825 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1827 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1828 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1830 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1834 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1835 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1840 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1841 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1843 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1847 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1850 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1855 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1856 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1857 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1858 * retrying a couple of times.
1860 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1863 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1866 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1873 /* Max 1s in total */
1877 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1895 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1896 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1906 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1916 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1922 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1931 int acquire_terminal(
1935 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1938 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1943 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1944 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1945 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1947 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1948 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1949 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1950 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1951 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1952 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1953 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1954 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1956 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1957 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1959 if (!fail && !force) {
1960 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1966 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1974 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1975 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1976 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1980 r = flush_fd(notify);
1985 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1986 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1987 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1988 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1992 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1993 * if we already own the tty. */
1994 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1996 /* First, try to get the tty */
1997 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2000 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2002 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2003 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2004 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2005 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2008 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2017 assert(notify >= 0);
2020 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2022 struct inotify_event *e;
2024 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2027 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2028 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2033 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2043 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2046 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2053 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2058 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2063 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2064 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2066 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2073 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2074 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2075 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2076 * an endless loop. */
2077 fd = safe_close(fd);
2082 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2084 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2095 int release_terminal(void) {
2096 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2097 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2098 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2101 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2102 struct sigaction sa_old;
2105 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2109 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2110 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2111 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2113 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2116 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2121 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2126 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2127 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2134 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2135 struct sigaction sa = {
2136 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2137 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2142 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2146 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2147 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2154 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2155 struct sigaction sa = {
2156 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2157 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2162 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2166 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2167 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2174 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2178 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2180 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2184 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2185 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2188 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2195 while (nbytes > 0) {
2198 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2199 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2202 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2204 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2205 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2208 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2213 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2223 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2224 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2230 while (nbytes > 0) {
2233 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2234 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2237 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2239 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2240 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2243 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2248 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2258 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2260 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2261 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2262 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2263 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2264 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2265 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2266 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2268 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2269 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2270 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2271 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2276 unsigned long long factor;
2279 static const struct table iec[] = {
2280 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2281 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2282 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2283 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2284 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2290 static const struct table si[] = {
2291 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2292 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2293 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2294 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2295 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2301 const struct table *table;
2303 unsigned long long r = 0;
2304 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2307 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2312 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2315 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2321 unsigned long long l2;
2327 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2340 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2343 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2344 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2346 if (errno == ERANGE)
2349 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2356 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2358 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2359 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2360 unsigned long long tmp;
2361 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2363 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2364 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2368 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2371 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2387 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2392 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2393 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2394 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2399 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2402 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2407 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2410 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2414 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2417 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2419 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2420 * sysfs or in /dev */
2423 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2424 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2427 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2428 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2439 if (!de && errno != 0)
2445 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2450 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2451 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2468 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2469 static int have_syscall = -1;
2473 /* Use the syscall unless we know we don't have it, or when
2474 * the requested size is too large for it. */
2475 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2476 r = getrandom(p, n, 0);
2478 have_syscall = true;
2483 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2484 /* we lack the syscall, continue with reading from /dev/urandom */
2485 have_syscall = false;
2489 /* too short read? */
2493 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2495 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2497 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2502 if ((size_t) k != n)
2508 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2509 static bool srand_called = false;
2513 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2517 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2518 * get a PRNG instead. */
2520 if (!srand_called) {
2523 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2524 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2525 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2526 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2531 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2533 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2536 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2537 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2540 srand_called = true;
2543 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2547 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2550 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2551 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2552 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2553 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2554 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2555 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2558 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2560 if (program_invocation_name)
2561 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2563 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2567 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2569 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2573 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2578 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2585 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2586 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2590 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2595 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2598 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2599 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2602 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2608 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2611 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2613 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2614 return strdup(u.nodename);
2616 return strdup(u.sysname);
2619 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2622 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2624 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2627 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2630 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2631 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2633 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2635 return strdup("root");
2637 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2641 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2645 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2646 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2648 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2654 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2658 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2663 return lookup_uid(uid);
2666 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2673 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2676 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2677 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2682 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2688 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2696 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2700 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2704 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2706 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2713 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2715 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2717 unsigned long ttynr;
2721 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2722 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2726 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2736 "%*d " /* session */
2741 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2750 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2751 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2752 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2759 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2763 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2765 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2771 /* This is an ugly hack */
2772 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2773 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2777 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2778 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2779 * vaguely useful. */
2785 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2787 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2805 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2806 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2811 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2812 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2818 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2823 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2830 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2835 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2838 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2840 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2841 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2842 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2847 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2850 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2851 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2853 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2854 keep_around = false;
2860 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2861 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2864 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2865 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2866 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2867 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2872 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2873 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2877 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2878 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2882 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2884 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2885 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2892 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2895 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2896 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2899 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2904 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2909 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2910 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2912 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2913 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2918 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2921 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2927 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2928 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2929 * seriously broken system. */
2930 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2931 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2935 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2938 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2942 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2945 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2946 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2951 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2952 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2959 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2964 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2965 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2971 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2974 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2977 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2986 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2987 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2990 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2991 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2994 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2997 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2998 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2999 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3001 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3002 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3005 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3006 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3012 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3015 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3016 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3017 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3019 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3020 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3023 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3024 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3030 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3034 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3037 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3040 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3041 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3051 if (errno != EINVAL)
3058 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3059 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3060 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3061 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3062 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3064 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3068 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3069 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3071 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3074 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3087 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3093 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3101 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3102 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3105 if (!isempty(status)) {
3106 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3107 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3108 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3110 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3113 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3115 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3117 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3123 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3129 va_start(ap, format);
3130 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3136 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3143 const char *e, *word = format;
3148 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3159 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3168 } else if (*e == '$') {
3169 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3185 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3187 k = strappend(r, t);
3201 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3212 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3214 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3216 l = strv_length(argv);
3218 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3222 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3224 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3225 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3230 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3234 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3246 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3256 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3264 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3265 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3277 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3278 struct winsize ws = {};
3280 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3289 unsigned columns(void) {
3293 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3294 return cached_columns;
3297 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3299 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3302 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3311 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3312 struct winsize ws = {};
3314 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3323 unsigned lines(void) {
3327 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3328 return cached_lines;
3331 e = getenv("LINES");
3333 (void) safe_atou(e, &l);
3336 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3342 return cached_lines;
3345 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3346 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3352 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3354 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3355 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3357 return cached_on_tty;
3360 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3363 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3366 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3369 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3370 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3373 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3376 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3383 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3388 assert(percent <= 100);
3389 assert(new_length >= 3);
3391 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3392 return strndup(s, old_length);
3394 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3398 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3400 if (x > new_length - 3)
3408 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3409 new_length - x - 3);
3414 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3418 unsigned k, len, len2;
3421 assert(percent <= 100);
3422 assert(new_length >= 3);
3424 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3425 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3426 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3428 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3429 return strndup(s, old_length);
3431 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3433 if (x > new_length - 3)
3437 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3440 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3443 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3446 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3449 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3452 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3453 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3456 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3460 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3462 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3464 /* make space for ellipsis */
3465 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3468 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3469 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3474 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3475 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3479 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3483 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3488 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3489 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3492 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3493 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3499 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3501 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3506 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3511 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3512 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3517 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3518 struct timespec ts[2];
3520 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3522 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3524 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3531 int touch(const char *path) {
3532 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3535 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3539 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3540 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3541 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3548 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3549 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3554 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3555 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3558 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3570 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3574 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3582 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3586 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3592 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3603 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3617 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3618 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3619 * failed for an unknown reason.
3620 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3623 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3624 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3626 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3633 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3635 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3639 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3640 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3641 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3642 return status.si_status;
3645 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3648 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3649 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3651 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3655 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3659 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3661 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3662 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3670 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3673 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3676 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3682 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3687 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3690 return null_or_empty(&st);
3693 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3698 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3701 return null_or_empty(&st);
3704 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3708 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3710 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3723 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3727 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3729 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3730 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3735 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3736 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3739 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3743 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3744 t = new(char, enc_len);
3748 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3751 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3754 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3757 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3758 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3760 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3761 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3763 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3764 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3766 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3767 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3772 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3775 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3778 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3781 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3784 return streq(tty, "console");
3787 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3792 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3795 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3798 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3801 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3805 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3811 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3814 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3815 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3817 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3820 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3823 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3824 * /dev/console points to */
3825 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3831 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3834 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3835 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3837 tty = *active = tmp;
3844 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3845 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3849 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3852 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3853 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3858 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3861 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3864 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3867 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3870 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3873 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3874 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3875 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3881 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3884 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3885 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3886 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3889 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3892 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3895 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3901 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3902 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3904 executor_pid = fork();
3905 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3906 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3909 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3910 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3911 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3914 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3915 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3918 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3919 reset_signal_mask();
3921 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3924 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3926 if (errno == ENOENT)
3927 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3929 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3930 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3934 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
3937 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3940 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3941 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3944 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3947 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3950 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3955 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3957 } else if (pid == 0) {
3960 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3970 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3971 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3974 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3976 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3979 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3985 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3986 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3987 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3989 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
3990 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3992 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3993 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3996 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3999 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4002 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
4005 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4008 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
4011 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4014 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4022 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4028 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4029 if (streq(i, needle))
4035 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4036 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4039 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4048 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4050 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4051 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4052 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4058 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4065 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4072 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4082 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4088 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4092 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4099 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4100 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4111 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4116 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4118 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4121 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4122 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4131 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4132 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4134 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4139 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4146 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4149 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4151 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4159 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4166 return pollfd.revents;
4169 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4178 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4182 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4188 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4201 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4204 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4210 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4211 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4213 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4217 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4220 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4224 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4225 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4226 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4228 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4231 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4232 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4233 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4235 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4240 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4241 "\033[H" /* move home */
4242 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4249 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4252 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4259 /* Try to deallocate */
4260 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4264 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4273 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4275 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4280 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4281 "\033[H" /* move home */
4282 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4289 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4290 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4295 t = tempfn_random(to);
4299 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4302 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4310 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4311 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4315 t = tempfn_random(path);
4319 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4322 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4330 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4331 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4335 t = tempfn_random(path);
4339 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4342 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4350 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4354 display[0] == ':' &&
4355 display[1] >= '0' &&
4359 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4366 if (!display_is_local(display))
4369 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4371 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4375 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4376 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4385 const char **username,
4386 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4388 const char **shell) {
4396 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4397 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4399 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4417 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4421 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4422 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4423 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4424 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4425 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4427 *username = p->pw_name;
4430 p = getpwnam(*username);
4434 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4446 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4451 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4456 return strdup("root");
4460 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4462 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4468 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4473 return strdup("root");
4477 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4479 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4485 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4491 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4492 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4494 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4495 *groupname = "root";
4503 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4508 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4511 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4515 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4523 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4525 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4527 if (getgid() == gid)
4530 if (getegid() == gid)
4533 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4534 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4536 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4538 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4542 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4549 int in_group(const char *name) {
4553 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4560 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4561 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4567 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4569 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4571 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4574 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4576 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4579 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4580 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4585 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4587 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4589 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4591 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4592 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4594 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4595 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4603 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4609 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4612 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4616 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4617 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4618 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4619 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4620 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4621 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4622 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4628 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4629 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4630 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4631 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4635 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4636 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4648 if (!de && errno != 0)
4653 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4655 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4659 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4660 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4663 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4674 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4680 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4694 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4699 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4723 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4737 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4738 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4740 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4741 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4746 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4753 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4754 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4757 r = access(p, F_OK);
4765 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4766 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4769 r = access(p, F_OK);
4775 /* Get parent dev_t */
4776 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4779 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4785 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4791 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4792 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4795 r = access(p, F_OK);
4799 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4806 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4811 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4815 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4816 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4819 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4820 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4821 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4822 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4823 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4826 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4828 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4829 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4830 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4831 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4832 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4833 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4834 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4837 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4839 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4840 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4841 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4842 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4843 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4844 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4845 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4846 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4847 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4848 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4849 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4850 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4851 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4852 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4853 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4854 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4855 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4856 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4857 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4858 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4859 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4862 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4864 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4865 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4866 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4867 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4869 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4870 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4871 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4872 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4875 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4877 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4878 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4879 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4880 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4881 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4885 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4887 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4888 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4889 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4890 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4891 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4892 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4893 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4894 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4895 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4896 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4897 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4898 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4899 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4900 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4901 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4902 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4903 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4906 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4908 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4909 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4910 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4911 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4912 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4915 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4917 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4934 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4945 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4947 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4953 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4955 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4956 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4959 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4963 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4964 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4966 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4971 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4976 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4980 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4984 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4985 signo = (int) u + offset;
4986 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4992 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4993 bool loaded = false;
4996 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5004 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5006 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5015 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5022 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5025 static const struct {
5029 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5030 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5031 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5032 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5033 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5037 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5039 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5042 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5043 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5050 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5058 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5071 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5073 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5075 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5076 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5079 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5082 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5083 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5089 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5091 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5093 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5094 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5097 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5100 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5101 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5106 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5107 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5108 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5109 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5117 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5120 parent_pid = getpid();
5122 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5123 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5124 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5125 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5126 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5129 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5130 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5134 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5135 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5142 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5143 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5144 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5146 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5147 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5148 * SIGTERM or so... */
5149 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5150 reset_signal_mask();
5152 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5153 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5154 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5155 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5157 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5158 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5160 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5161 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5163 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5166 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5167 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5168 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5169 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5170 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5171 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5172 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5173 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5175 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5176 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5180 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5183 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5189 /* Count arguments */
5191 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5196 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5198 /* Fill in arguments */
5200 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5201 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5205 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5208 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5209 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5213 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5219 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5220 * to get as close as we can */
5221 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5223 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5224 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5226 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5232 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5233 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5244 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5246 f = fopen(path, "re");
5254 char line[LINE_MAX];
5257 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5261 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5271 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5272 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5286 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5289 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5292 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5295 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5298 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5301 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5307 bool in_initrd(void) {
5308 static int saved = -1;
5314 /* We make two checks here:
5316 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5317 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5319 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5320 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5321 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5324 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5325 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5326 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5331 void warn_melody(void) {
5332 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5334 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5338 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5340 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5341 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5343 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5344 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5346 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5347 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5349 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5352 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5355 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5357 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5359 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5365 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5372 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5380 /* Take the user specified one */
5381 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5382 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5391 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5394 h = strdup("/root");
5402 /* Check the database... */
5406 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5408 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5411 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5419 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5427 /* Take the user specified one */
5428 e = getenv("SHELL");
5438 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5441 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5449 /* Check the database... */
5453 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5455 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5458 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5466 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5480 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5486 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5492 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5493 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5496 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5504 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5505 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5507 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5512 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5513 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5516 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5526 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5531 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5534 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5537 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5538 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5541 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5547 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5548 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5549 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5558 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5559 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5562 else if (comparison > 0)
5570 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5572 static int cached_answer = -1;
5574 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5577 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5578 cached_answer = true;
5582 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5584 cached_answer = true;
5588 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5589 cached_answer = true;
5593 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5594 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5595 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5597 cached_answer = true;
5601 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5605 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5606 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5610 return (bool) cached_answer;
5613 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5614 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5617 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5618 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5619 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5620 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5621 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5622 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5623 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5624 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5627 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5628 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5629 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5630 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5631 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5632 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5633 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5634 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5639 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5642 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5645 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5651 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5652 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5665 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5671 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5672 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5680 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5692 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5693 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5698 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5700 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5706 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5708 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5710 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5714 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5719 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5721 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5722 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5723 else if (*i == '\t')
5730 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5733 } else if (*i == '[') {
5734 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5739 state = STATE_OTHER;
5746 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5747 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5750 state = STATE_OTHER;
5752 } else if (*i == 'm')
5753 state = STATE_OTHER;
5775 int on_ac_power(void) {
5776 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5777 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5779 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5785 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5791 if (!de && errno != 0)
5797 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5800 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5802 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5808 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5810 if (errno == ENOENT)
5816 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5820 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5824 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5826 if (errno == ENOENT)
5832 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5836 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5839 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5840 found_online = true;
5842 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5843 found_offline = true;
5848 return found_online || !found_offline;
5851 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5858 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5861 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5862 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5866 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5868 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5878 if (errno != ENOENT)
5885 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5886 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5892 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5895 f = fopen(path, mode);
5904 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5908 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5911 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5912 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5914 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5917 f = fopen(path, mode);
5926 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5930 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5933 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5940 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5947 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5952 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5961 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5971 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5985 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5993 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5997 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6004 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6011 if (*allocated >= need)
6014 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6015 a = newalloc * size;
6017 /* check for overflows */
6018 if (a < size * need)
6026 *allocated = newalloc;
6030 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6039 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6043 if (*allocated > prev)
6044 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6049 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6055 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6057 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6060 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6061 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6062 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6066 } else if (l == 36) {
6068 /* Formatted UUID */
6070 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6073 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6077 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6078 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6079 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6090 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6105 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6109 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6121 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6122 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6123 const char *word, *state;
6127 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6130 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6135 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6143 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6147 k = parse_boolean(e);
6155 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6158 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6159 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6162 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6166 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6175 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6182 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6183 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6184 const char *w, *state;
6190 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6192 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6196 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6197 char word[l+1], *value;
6202 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6204 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6207 value = strchr(word, '=');
6211 r = parse_item(word, value);
6219 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6220 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6228 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6229 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6237 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6240 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6250 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6251 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6259 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6260 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6268 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6269 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6277 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6278 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6286 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6287 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6293 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6296 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6299 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6304 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6309 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6312 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6316 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6320 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6324 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6327 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6331 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6334 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6337 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6343 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6344 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6349 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6352 return errno != ESRCH;
6355 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6358 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6363 r = get_process_state(pid);
6364 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6370 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6371 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6378 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6382 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6385 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6386 * to namespacing issues */
6394 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6406 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6410 if (errno != ERANGE)
6417 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6433 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6434 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6435 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6442 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6449 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6456 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6457 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6462 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6463 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6465 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6473 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6476 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6479 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6480 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6482 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6483 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6485 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6486 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6491 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6493 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6494 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6495 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6496 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6497 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6498 * used by libseccomp. */
6500 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6502 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6505 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6508 #elif defined(__i386__)
6510 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6514 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6515 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6516 * as error indicator. */
6517 return 0xffffffffUL;
6520 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6522 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6524 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6530 #elif defined(__i386__)
6539 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6542 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6543 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6545 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6548 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6551 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6553 struct mntent me = {
6554 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6559 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6565 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6568 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6569 const uint8_t *b = p;
6572 assert(s == 0 || b);
6577 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6579 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6584 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6592 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6597 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6611 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6616 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6618 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6619 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6621 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6626 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6630 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6631 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6632 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6635 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6640 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6641 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6645 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6648 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6649 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6650 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6651 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6652 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6653 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6654 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6655 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6656 "- " /* (8) separator */
6657 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6658 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6659 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6660 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6669 p = cunescape(path);
6673 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6676 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6692 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6693 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6694 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6697 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6698 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6699 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6700 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6701 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6702 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6703 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6704 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6705 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6706 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6707 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6708 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6709 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6711 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6715 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6717 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6722 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6723 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6724 bool top_autofs = false;
6727 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6731 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6732 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6736 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6739 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6740 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6741 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6742 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6743 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6744 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6745 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6746 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6747 "- " /* (8) separator */
6748 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6749 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6750 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6751 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6761 p = cunescape(path);
6765 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6766 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6767 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6768 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6769 * already triggered, then we will find
6770 * another entry for this. */
6771 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6772 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6776 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6777 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6779 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6789 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6790 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6792 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6793 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6796 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6797 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6798 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6799 * mount, make it one. */
6800 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6803 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6806 x = strdup(cleaned);
6810 r = set_consume(done, x);
6815 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6817 r = set_consume(done, x);
6823 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6825 /* Deal with mount points that are
6826 * obstructed by a later mount */
6828 if (errno != ENOENT)
6836 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6843 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6848 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6855 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6862 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6867 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6876 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6883 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6886 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6887 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6896 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6897 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6900 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
6901 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6903 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6904 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6905 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
6906 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
6907 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6908 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6909 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6910 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6913 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6915 struct flock flock = {
6917 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6925 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6926 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6927 * our own trivial version of this.
6929 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6930 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6931 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6932 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6933 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6936 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6938 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6940 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6944 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
6953 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
6956 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
6959 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
6962 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
6966 if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
6969 if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
6973 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
6976 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret) {
6977 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
6978 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
6985 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6987 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6995 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
6996 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
6997 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
6998 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7008 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7018 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7020 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7022 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7023 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7026 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7038 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7052 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7054 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7062 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7066 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7070 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7079 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7081 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7089 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7093 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7097 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7103 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7125 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7130 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7131 * quotes if necessary. */
7135 /* Count how many words are expected */
7138 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7147 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7148 l = newa0(char*, n);
7149 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7151 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c]);
7155 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7165 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7168 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7171 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7181 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7186 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7187 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7202 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7204 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7208 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7215 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));