1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
187 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
188 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
189 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
190 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
198 int safe_close(int fd) {
201 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
202 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
203 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
205 * fd = safe_close(fd);
211 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
212 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
213 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
214 * the fd was invalid at all... */
216 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
222 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
225 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
227 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
231 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
242 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
245 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
247 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
253 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
254 unsigned long ul = 0;
261 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
267 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
277 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
278 unsigned long ul = 0;
285 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
291 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
295 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
298 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
299 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
306 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
314 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
316 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
317 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
319 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
322 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
326 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
334 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
336 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
337 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
339 if ((long) (int) l != l)
346 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
354 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
356 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
357 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
359 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
366 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
368 unsigned long long l;
374 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
376 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
377 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
383 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
391 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
393 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
394 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
407 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
412 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
413 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
419 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
420 bool escaped = false;
423 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
426 else if (s[n] == '\\')
428 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
431 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
435 /* Split a string into words. */
436 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
442 assert(**state == '\0');
446 current += strspn(current, separator);
452 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
453 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
455 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
456 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
457 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
458 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
462 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
463 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
465 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
466 *state = current + *l;
468 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
469 *state = current + *l;
475 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
477 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
489 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
490 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
494 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
495 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
496 * skip over it manually */
498 p = strrchr(line, ')');
510 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
513 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
518 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
520 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
526 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
527 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
531 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
532 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
533 * skip over it manually */
535 p = strrchr(line, ')');
557 "%*d " /* priority */
559 "%*d " /* num_threads */
560 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
561 "%llu " /* starttime */,
568 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
573 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
579 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
582 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
586 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
590 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
594 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
595 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
599 p = strrchr(line, ')');
605 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
608 return (unsigned char) state;
611 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
618 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
620 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
627 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
628 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
636 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
642 if (max_length == 0) {
643 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
645 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
647 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
652 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
662 r = new(char, max_length);
668 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
690 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
697 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
698 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
699 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
707 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
711 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
720 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
732 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
737 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
741 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
744 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
749 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
755 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
757 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
760 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
768 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
770 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
772 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
774 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
781 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
782 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
792 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
797 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
802 if (startswith(l, field)) {
804 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
806 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
808 return parse_uid(l, uid);
815 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
816 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
819 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
820 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
821 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
824 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
832 return strndup(suffix, b);
841 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
844 r = new(char, a+b+1);
849 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
855 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
856 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
859 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
874 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
881 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
892 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
893 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
896 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
897 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
904 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
908 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
916 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
923 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
927 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
934 path_kill_slashes(*r);
939 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
942 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
943 struct sigaction sa = {
944 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
945 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
948 /* These two cannot be caught... */
949 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
952 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
953 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
954 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
955 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
962 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
965 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
968 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
974 char *strstrip(char *s) {
977 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
978 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
980 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
982 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
983 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
991 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
994 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
996 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1008 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1015 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1016 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1019 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1020 return strdup(filename);
1022 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1023 return strdup(filename);
1025 k = strlen(filename);
1026 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1029 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1030 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1035 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1044 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1045 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1051 /* Skip last component */
1052 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1055 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1056 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1062 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1065 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1074 if (errno != ENOENT)
1081 char hexchar(int x) {
1082 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1084 return table[x & 15];
1087 int unhexchar(char c) {
1089 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1092 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1093 return c - 'a' + 10;
1095 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1096 return c - 'A' + 10;
1101 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1105 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1109 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1110 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1111 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1118 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1124 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1128 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1131 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1133 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1137 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1144 char octchar(int x) {
1145 return '0' + (x & 7);
1148 int unoctchar(char c) {
1150 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1156 char decchar(int x) {
1157 return '0' + (x % 10);
1160 int undecchar(char c) {
1162 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1168 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1174 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1176 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1180 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1226 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1227 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1228 * g_strescape() does the same */
1229 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1231 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1232 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1233 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1244 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1251 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1253 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1255 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1260 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1262 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1305 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1310 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1313 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1314 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1316 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1317 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1321 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1336 /* octal encoding */
1339 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1340 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1341 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1343 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1344 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1348 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1356 /* premature end of string.*/
1361 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1373 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1374 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1377 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1380 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1383 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1387 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1388 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1391 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1395 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1397 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1398 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1401 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1402 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1412 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1417 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1418 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1419 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1424 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1428 filename[0] == '.' ||
1429 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1430 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1431 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1432 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1433 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1434 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1435 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1436 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1437 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1438 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1441 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1444 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1447 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1450 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1455 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1460 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1462 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1464 if (nflags == flags)
1467 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1473 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1478 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1483 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1485 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1487 if (nflags == flags)
1490 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1496 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1499 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1501 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1508 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1509 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1513 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1515 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1520 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1521 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1524 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1525 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1527 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1530 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1531 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1538 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1541 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1544 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1545 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1554 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1557 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1558 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1559 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1567 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1570 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1571 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1578 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1579 static const char table[] =
1593 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1597 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1601 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1603 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1609 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1613 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1616 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1619 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1625 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1626 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1627 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1632 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1633 new_termios = old_termios;
1635 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1636 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1637 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1639 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1642 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1643 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1644 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1649 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1651 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1657 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1664 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1665 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1670 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1671 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1675 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1685 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1695 bool need_nl = true;
1698 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1705 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1709 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1712 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1713 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1724 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1729 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1733 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1738 char line[LINE_MAX];
1742 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1749 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1754 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1755 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1757 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1776 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1777 struct termios termios;
1780 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1784 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1785 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1786 * interfere with that. */
1788 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1789 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1791 /* Switch to text mode */
1793 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1795 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1796 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1798 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1803 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1804 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1805 * else will do that for us */
1807 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1808 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1809 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1810 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1811 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1813 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1814 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1815 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1816 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1817 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1818 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1819 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1820 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1821 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1822 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1823 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1824 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1825 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1827 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1828 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1830 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1834 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1835 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1840 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1841 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1843 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1847 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1850 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1855 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1856 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1857 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1858 * retrying a couple of times.
1860 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1863 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1866 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1873 /* Max 1s in total */
1877 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1898 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1899 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1909 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1919 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1925 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1934 int acquire_terminal(
1938 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1941 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1946 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1947 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1948 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1950 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1951 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1952 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1953 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1954 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1955 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1956 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1957 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1959 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1960 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1962 if (!fail && !force) {
1963 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1969 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1977 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1978 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1979 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1983 r = flush_fd(notify);
1988 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1989 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1990 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1991 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1995 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1996 * if we already own the tty. */
1997 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1999 /* First, try to get the tty */
2000 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2003 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2005 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2006 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2007 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2008 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2011 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2020 assert(notify >= 0);
2023 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2025 struct inotify_event *e;
2027 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2030 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2031 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2036 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2046 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2049 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2056 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2061 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2066 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2067 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2069 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2076 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2077 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2078 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2079 * an endless loop. */
2085 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2087 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2098 int release_terminal(void) {
2099 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2100 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2101 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2104 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2105 struct sigaction sa_old;
2108 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2112 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2113 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2114 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2116 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2119 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2124 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2129 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2130 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2137 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2138 struct sigaction sa = {
2139 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2140 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2145 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2149 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2150 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2157 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2158 struct sigaction sa = {
2159 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2160 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2165 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2169 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2170 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2177 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2181 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2183 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2187 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2188 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2191 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2198 while (nbytes > 0) {
2201 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2202 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2205 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2207 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2208 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2211 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2216 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2226 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2227 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2233 while (nbytes > 0) {
2236 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2237 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2240 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2242 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2243 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2246 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2251 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2261 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2263 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2264 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2265 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2266 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2267 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2268 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2269 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2271 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2272 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2273 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2274 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2279 unsigned long long factor;
2282 static const struct table iec[] = {
2283 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2284 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2285 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2286 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2287 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2293 static const struct table si[] = {
2294 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2295 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2296 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2297 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2298 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2304 const struct table *table;
2306 unsigned long long r = 0;
2307 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2310 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2315 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2318 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2324 unsigned long long l2;
2330 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2343 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2346 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2347 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2349 if (errno == ERANGE)
2352 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2359 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2361 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2362 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2363 unsigned long long tmp;
2364 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2366 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2367 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2371 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2374 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2390 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2395 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2396 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2397 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2402 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2405 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2410 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2413 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2417 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2420 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2422 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2423 * sysfs or in /dev */
2426 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2427 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2430 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2431 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2442 if (!de && errno != 0)
2448 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2453 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2454 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2471 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2472 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2475 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2477 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2479 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2482 if ((size_t) k != n)
2488 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2489 static bool srand_called = false;
2493 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2497 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2498 * get a PRNG instead. */
2500 if (!srand_called) {
2503 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2504 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2505 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2506 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2511 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2513 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2516 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2517 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2520 srand_called = true;
2523 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2527 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2530 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2531 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2532 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2533 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2534 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2535 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2538 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2540 if (program_invocation_name)
2541 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2543 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2547 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2549 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2553 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2558 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2565 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2566 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2570 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2575 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2578 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2579 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2582 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2588 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2591 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2593 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2594 return strdup(u.nodename);
2596 return strdup(u.sysname);
2599 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2602 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2604 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2607 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2610 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2611 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2613 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2615 return strdup("root");
2617 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2621 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2625 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2626 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2628 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2634 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2638 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2643 return lookup_uid(uid);
2646 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2653 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2656 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2657 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2662 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2668 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2676 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2680 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2684 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2686 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2693 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2695 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2697 unsigned long ttynr;
2701 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2702 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2706 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2716 "%*d " /* session */
2721 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2730 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2731 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2732 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2739 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2743 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2745 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2751 /* This is an ugly hack */
2752 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2753 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2757 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2758 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2759 * vaguely useful. */
2765 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2767 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2785 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2786 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2791 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2792 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2798 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2803 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2810 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2815 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2818 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2820 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2821 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2822 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2827 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2830 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2831 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2833 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2834 keep_around = false;
2840 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2841 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2844 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2845 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2846 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2847 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2852 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2853 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2857 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2858 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2862 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2864 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2865 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2872 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2875 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2876 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2879 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2884 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2889 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2890 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2892 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2893 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2898 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2901 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2907 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2908 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2909 * seriously broken system. */
2910 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2911 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2915 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2918 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2922 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2925 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2926 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2931 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2932 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2939 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2944 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2945 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2951 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2954 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2957 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2966 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2967 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2970 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2971 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2974 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2977 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2978 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2979 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2981 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2982 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2985 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2986 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2992 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2995 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2996 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2997 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2999 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3000 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3003 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3004 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3010 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3014 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3017 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3020 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3021 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3031 if (errno != EINVAL)
3038 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3039 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3040 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3041 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3042 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3044 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3048 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3049 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3051 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3054 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3067 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3073 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3081 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3082 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3085 if (!isempty(status)) {
3086 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3087 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3088 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3090 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3093 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3095 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3097 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3103 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3109 va_start(ap, format);
3110 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3116 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3123 const char *e, *word = format;
3128 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3139 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3148 } else if (*e == '$') {
3149 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3165 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3167 k = strappend(r, t);
3181 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3192 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3194 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3196 l = strv_length(argv);
3198 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3202 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3204 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3205 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3210 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3214 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3226 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3236 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3244 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3245 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3257 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3258 struct winsize ws = {};
3260 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3269 unsigned columns(void) {
3273 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3274 return cached_columns;
3277 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3282 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3291 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3292 struct winsize ws = {};
3294 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3303 unsigned lines(void) {
3307 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3308 return cached_lines;
3311 e = getenv("LINES");
3316 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3322 return cached_lines;
3325 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3326 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3332 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3334 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3335 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3337 return cached_on_tty;
3340 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3343 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3346 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3349 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3350 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3353 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3356 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3363 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3368 assert(percent <= 100);
3369 assert(new_length >= 3);
3371 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3372 return strndup(s, old_length);
3374 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3378 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3380 if (x > new_length - 3)
3388 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3389 new_length - x - 3);
3394 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3398 unsigned k, len, len2;
3401 assert(percent <= 100);
3402 assert(new_length >= 3);
3404 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3405 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3406 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3408 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3409 return strndup(s, old_length);
3411 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3413 if (x > new_length - 3)
3417 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3420 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3423 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3426 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3429 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3432 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3433 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3436 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3440 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3442 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3444 /* make space for ellipsis */
3445 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3448 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3449 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3454 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3455 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3459 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3463 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3468 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3469 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3472 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3473 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3479 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3481 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3486 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3491 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3492 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3497 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3498 struct timespec ts[2];
3500 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3502 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3504 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3511 int touch(const char *path) {
3512 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3515 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3519 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3520 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3521 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3528 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3529 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3534 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3535 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3538 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3550 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3554 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3562 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3566 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3572 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3583 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3597 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3598 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3599 * failed for an unknown reason.
3600 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3603 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3604 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3606 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3613 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3615 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3619 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3620 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3621 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3622 return status.si_status;
3625 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3628 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3629 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3631 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3635 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3639 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3641 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3642 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3650 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3653 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3656 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3662 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3667 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3670 return null_or_empty(&st);
3673 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3678 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3681 return null_or_empty(&st);
3684 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3688 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3690 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3703 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3707 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3709 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3710 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3715 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3716 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3719 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3723 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3724 t = new(char, enc_len);
3728 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3731 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3734 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3737 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3738 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3740 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3741 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3743 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3744 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3746 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3747 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3752 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3755 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3758 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3761 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3764 return streq(tty, "console");
3767 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3772 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3775 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3778 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3781 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3785 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3791 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3794 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3795 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3797 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3800 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3803 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3804 * /dev/console points to */
3805 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3811 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3814 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3815 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3817 tty = *active = tmp;
3824 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3825 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3829 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3832 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3833 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3838 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3841 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3844 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3847 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3850 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3853 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3854 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3855 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3861 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3864 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3865 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3866 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3869 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3872 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3875 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3881 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3882 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3884 executor_pid = fork();
3885 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3886 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3889 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3890 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3891 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3895 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3896 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3899 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3901 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
3902 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) == 0);
3904 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3907 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3909 if (errno == ENOENT)
3910 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3912 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3913 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3917 pids = hashmap_new(NULL, NULL);
3920 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3923 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3924 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3927 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3930 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3933 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3938 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3940 } else if (pid == 0) {
3943 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3953 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3954 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3957 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3959 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3962 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3968 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3969 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3970 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3972 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
3973 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3975 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3976 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3979 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3982 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3985 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3988 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3991 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3994 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3997 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4005 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4011 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4012 if (streq(i, needle))
4018 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4019 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4022 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4031 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4033 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4034 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4035 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4041 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4048 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4055 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4065 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4071 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4075 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4082 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4083 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4094 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4099 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4101 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4104 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4105 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4114 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4115 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4117 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4122 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4129 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4132 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4134 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4142 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4149 return pollfd.revents;
4152 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4161 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4165 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4171 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4184 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4187 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4193 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4194 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4196 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4200 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4203 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4207 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4208 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4209 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4211 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4214 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4215 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4216 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4218 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4223 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4224 "\033[H" /* move home */
4225 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4232 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4235 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4242 /* Try to deallocate */
4243 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4247 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4256 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4258 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4263 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4264 "\033[H" /* move home */
4265 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4272 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4273 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4278 t = tempfn_random(to);
4282 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4285 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4293 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4294 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4298 t = tempfn_random(path);
4302 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4305 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4313 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4314 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4318 t = tempfn_random(path);
4322 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4325 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4333 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4337 display[0] == ':' &&
4338 display[1] >= '0' &&
4342 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4349 if (!display_is_local(display))
4352 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4354 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4358 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4359 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4368 const char **username,
4369 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4371 const char **shell) {
4379 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4380 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4382 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4400 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4404 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4405 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4406 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4407 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4408 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4410 *username = p->pw_name;
4413 p = getpwnam(*username);
4417 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4429 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4434 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4439 return strdup("root");
4443 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4445 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4451 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4456 return strdup("root");
4460 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4462 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4468 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4474 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4475 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4477 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4478 *groupname = "root";
4486 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4491 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4494 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4498 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4506 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4508 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4510 if (getgid() == gid)
4513 if (getegid() == gid)
4516 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4517 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4519 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4521 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4525 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4532 int in_group(const char *name) {
4536 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4543 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4544 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4550 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4552 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4554 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4557 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4559 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4562 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4563 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4568 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4570 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4572 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4574 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4575 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4577 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4578 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4586 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4592 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4595 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4599 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4600 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4601 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4602 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4603 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4604 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4605 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4611 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4612 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4613 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4614 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4618 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4619 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4631 if (!de && errno != 0)
4636 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4638 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4642 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4643 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4646 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4657 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4663 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4677 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4682 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4706 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4720 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4721 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4723 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4724 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4729 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4736 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4737 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4740 r = access(p, F_OK);
4748 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4749 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4752 r = access(p, F_OK);
4758 /* Get parent dev_t */
4759 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4762 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4768 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4774 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4775 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4778 r = access(p, F_OK);
4782 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4789 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4794 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4798 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4799 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4802 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4803 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4804 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4805 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4806 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4809 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4811 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4812 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4813 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4814 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4815 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4816 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4817 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4820 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4822 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4823 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4824 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4825 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4826 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4827 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4828 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4829 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4830 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4831 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4832 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4833 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4834 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4835 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4836 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4837 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4838 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4839 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4840 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4841 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4842 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4845 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4847 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4848 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4849 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4850 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4852 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4853 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4854 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4855 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4858 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4860 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4861 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4862 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4863 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4864 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4868 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4870 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4871 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4872 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4873 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4874 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4875 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4876 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4877 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4878 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4879 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4880 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4881 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4882 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4883 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4884 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4885 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4886 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4889 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4891 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4892 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4893 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4894 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4895 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4898 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4900 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4917 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4928 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4930 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4936 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4938 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4939 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4942 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4946 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4947 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4949 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4954 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4959 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4963 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4967 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4968 signo = (int) u + offset;
4969 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4975 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4976 bool loaded = false;
4979 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4987 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5005 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5007 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5016 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5023 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5026 static const struct {
5030 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5031 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5032 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5033 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5034 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5038 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5040 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5043 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5044 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5051 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5059 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5072 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5074 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5076 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5077 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5080 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5083 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5084 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5090 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5092 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5094 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5095 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5098 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5101 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5102 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5107 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5108 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5110 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5118 parent_pid = getpid();
5120 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5127 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5134 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5135 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5136 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5138 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5139 * to set the death signal */
5140 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5141 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5143 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5144 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5146 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5147 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5148 * SIGTERM or so... */
5149 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5150 reset_signal_mask();
5152 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5153 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5155 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5156 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5157 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5158 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5159 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5160 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5161 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5162 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5163 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5165 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5166 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5170 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5173 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5179 /* Count arguments */
5181 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5186 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5188 /* Fill in arguments */
5190 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5191 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5195 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5198 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5199 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5203 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5209 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5210 * to get as close as we can */
5211 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5213 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5214 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5216 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5222 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5223 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5234 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5236 f = fopen(path, "re");
5244 char line[LINE_MAX];
5247 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5251 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5261 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5262 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5276 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5279 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5282 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5285 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5288 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5291 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5297 bool in_initrd(void) {
5298 static int saved = -1;
5304 /* We make two checks here:
5306 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5307 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5309 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5310 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5311 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5314 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5315 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5316 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5321 void warn_melody(void) {
5322 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5324 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5328 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5330 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5331 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5333 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5334 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5336 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5337 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5339 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5342 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5345 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5347 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5349 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5355 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5362 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5370 /* Take the user specified one */
5371 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5372 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5381 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5384 h = strdup("/root");
5392 /* Check the database... */
5396 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5398 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5401 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5409 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5417 /* Take the user specified one */
5418 e = getenv("SHELL");
5428 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5431 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5439 /* Check the database... */
5443 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5445 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5448 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5456 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5470 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5476 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5482 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5483 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5486 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5494 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5495 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5497 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5502 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5503 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5506 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5516 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5521 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5524 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5527 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5528 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5531 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5537 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5538 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5539 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5548 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5549 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5552 else if (comparison > 0)
5560 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5562 static int cached_answer = -1;
5564 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5567 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5568 cached_answer = true;
5572 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5574 cached_answer = true;
5578 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5579 cached_answer = true;
5583 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5584 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5585 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5587 cached_answer = true;
5591 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5595 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5596 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5600 return (bool) cached_answer;
5603 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5604 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5607 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5608 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5609 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5610 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5611 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5612 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5613 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5614 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5617 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5618 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5619 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5620 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5621 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5622 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5623 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5624 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5629 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5632 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5635 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5641 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5642 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5655 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5661 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5662 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5670 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5682 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5683 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5688 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5690 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5696 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5698 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5700 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5704 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5709 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5711 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5712 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5713 else if (*i == '\t')
5720 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5723 } else if (*i == '[') {
5724 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5729 state = STATE_OTHER;
5736 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5737 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5740 state = STATE_OTHER;
5742 } else if (*i == 'm')
5743 state = STATE_OTHER;
5765 int on_ac_power(void) {
5766 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5767 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5769 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5775 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5781 if (!de && errno != 0)
5787 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5790 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5792 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5798 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5800 if (errno == ENOENT)
5806 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5810 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5814 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5816 if (errno == ENOENT)
5822 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5826 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5829 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5830 found_online = true;
5832 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5833 found_offline = true;
5838 return found_online || !found_offline;
5841 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5848 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5851 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5852 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5856 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5858 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5868 if (errno != ENOENT)
5875 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5876 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5882 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5885 f = fopen(path, mode);
5894 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5898 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5901 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5902 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5904 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5907 f = fopen(path, mode);
5916 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5920 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5923 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5930 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5937 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5942 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5951 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5961 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5975 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5983 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5987 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5994 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6001 if (*allocated >= need)
6004 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6005 a = newalloc * size;
6007 /* check for overflows */
6008 if (a < size * need)
6016 *allocated = newalloc;
6020 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6029 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6033 if (*allocated > prev)
6034 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6039 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6045 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6047 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6050 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6051 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6052 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6056 } else if (l == 36) {
6058 /* Formatted UUID */
6060 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6063 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6067 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6068 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6069 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6080 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6095 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6099 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6111 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6112 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6113 const char *word, *state;
6117 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6120 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6125 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6133 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6137 k = parse_boolean(e);
6145 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6148 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6149 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6152 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6156 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6165 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6172 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6173 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6174 const char *w, *state;
6180 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6182 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6186 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6187 char word[l+1], *value;
6192 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6194 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6197 value = strchr(word, '=');
6201 r = parse_item(word, value);
6209 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6210 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6218 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6219 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6227 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6230 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6240 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6241 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6249 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6250 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6258 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6259 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6267 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6268 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6276 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6277 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6283 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6286 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6289 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6294 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6299 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6302 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6306 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6310 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6314 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6317 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6321 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6324 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6327 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6333 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6334 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6339 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6342 return errno != ESRCH;
6345 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6348 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6353 r = get_process_state(pid);
6354 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6360 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6361 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6368 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6372 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6375 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6376 * to namespacing issues */
6384 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6396 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6400 if (errno != ERANGE)
6407 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6423 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6424 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6425 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6432 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6439 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6446 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6447 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6452 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6453 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6455 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6463 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6466 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6469 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6470 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6472 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6473 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6475 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6476 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6481 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6483 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6484 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6485 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6486 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6487 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6488 * used by libseccomp. */
6490 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6492 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6495 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6498 #elif defined(__i386__)
6500 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6504 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6505 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6506 * as error indicator. */
6507 return 0xffffffffUL;
6510 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6512 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6514 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6520 #elif defined(__i386__)
6529 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6532 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6533 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6535 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6538 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6541 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6543 struct mntent me = {
6544 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6549 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6555 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6558 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6559 const uint8_t *b = p;
6562 assert(s == 0 || b);
6567 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6569 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6574 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6582 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6587 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6601 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6606 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6608 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6609 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6611 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6616 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6620 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6621 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6622 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6625 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6630 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6631 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6635 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6638 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6639 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6640 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6641 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6642 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6643 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6644 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6645 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6646 "- " /* (8) separator */
6647 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6648 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6649 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6650 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6659 p = cunescape(path);
6663 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6666 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6682 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6683 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6684 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6687 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6688 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6689 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6690 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6691 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6692 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6693 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6694 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6695 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6696 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6697 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6698 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6699 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6701 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6705 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6707 done = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6712 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6713 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6714 bool top_autofs = false;
6717 todo = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
6721 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6722 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6726 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6729 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6730 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6731 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6732 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6733 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6734 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6735 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6736 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6737 "- " /* (8) separator */
6738 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6739 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6740 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6741 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6751 p = cunescape(path);
6755 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6756 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6757 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6758 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6759 * already triggered, then we will find
6760 * another entry for this. */
6761 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6762 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6766 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6767 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6769 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6779 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6780 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6782 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6783 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6786 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6787 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6788 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6789 * mount, make it one. */
6790 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6793 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6796 x = strdup(cleaned);
6800 r = set_consume(done, x);
6805 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6807 r = set_consume(done, x);
6813 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6815 /* Deal with mount points that are
6816 * obstructed by a later mount */
6818 if (errno != ENOENT)
6826 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6833 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6838 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6845 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6852 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6857 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6866 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6873 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6876 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6877 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6886 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6887 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6890 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
6891 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6893 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6894 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6895 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
6896 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
6897 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6898 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6899 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6900 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6903 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6905 struct flock flock = {
6907 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6915 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6916 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6917 * our own trivial version of this.
6919 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6920 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6921 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6922 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6923 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6926 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6928 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6930 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6934 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
6943 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
6946 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
6949 if (S_ISLNK(info.st_mode))
6955 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret) {
6956 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
6957 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
6964 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6966 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6974 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
6975 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
6976 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
6977 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
6987 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
6997 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
6999 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7001 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7002 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7005 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7017 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7031 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7033 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7041 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7045 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7049 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7058 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7060 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7068 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7072 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7076 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7082 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7104 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7109 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7110 * quotes if necessary. */
7114 /* Count how many words are expected */
7117 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7126 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7127 l = newa0(char*, n);
7128 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7130 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c]);
7134 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7144 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7147 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7150 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7160 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7165 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7166 * possibly freeing the old one. */