1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
71 #include "path-util.h"
72 #include "exit-status.h"
78 char **saved_argv = NULL;
80 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
81 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
83 size_t page_size(void) {
84 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
87 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
90 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
97 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
99 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
110 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
117 pl = strlen(postfix);
120 return (char*) s + sl;
125 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
128 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
131 char* startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
148 char* startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
158 if (tolower(*a) != tolower(*b))
165 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
180 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
184 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
187 int close_nointr(int fd) {
193 /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
194 * thing to do on Linux.
196 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
197 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
198 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
199 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
201 if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
209 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
212 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
215 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
218 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
221 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
223 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
224 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
227 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
230 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
232 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
238 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
239 unsigned long ul = 0;
246 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
252 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
262 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
263 unsigned long ul = 0;
270 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
276 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
283 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
291 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
293 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
294 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
296 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
299 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
303 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
311 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
313 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
314 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
316 if ((long) (int) l != l)
323 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
325 unsigned long long l;
331 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
333 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
334 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
340 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
348 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
350 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
351 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
357 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
367 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
368 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
374 /* Split a string into words. */
375 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
378 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
380 if (!*current || *c == 0)
383 current += strspn(current, separator);
384 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
387 return (char*) current;
390 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
391 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
392 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
394 bool escaped = false;
396 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
398 if (!*current || *c == 0)
401 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
403 if (*current == '\'') {
406 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
416 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
417 } else if (*current == '\"') {
420 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
430 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
432 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
437 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
444 return (char*) current;
447 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
449 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
450 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
456 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
463 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
464 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
468 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
469 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
470 * skip over it manually */
472 p = strrchr(line, ')');
484 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
487 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
492 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
493 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
494 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
499 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
506 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
513 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
514 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
515 * skip over it manually */
517 p = strrchr(line, ')');
539 "%*d " /* priority */
541 "%*d " /* num_threads */
542 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
543 "%llu " /* starttime */,
550 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
555 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
561 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
564 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
568 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
574 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
577 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
580 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
587 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
595 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
598 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
607 if (max_length == 0) {
609 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
610 k = realloc(r, len+1);
617 r[len-1] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
624 r = new(char, max_length);
632 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
654 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
663 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
664 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
673 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
677 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
688 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
698 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
707 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
711 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
714 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
719 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
725 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
728 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
731 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
738 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
739 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
740 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
749 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
756 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
761 if (startswith(l, field)) {
763 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
765 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
767 return parse_uid(l, uid);
774 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
775 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
778 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
779 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
782 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
790 return strndup(suffix, b);
799 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
802 r = new(char, a+b+1);
807 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
813 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
814 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
817 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
827 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
830 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
836 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
847 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
854 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
857 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
867 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
874 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
878 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
885 path_kill_slashes(*r);
890 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
893 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
896 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
900 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
901 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
903 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
904 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
905 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
913 char *strstrip(char *s) {
916 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
917 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
919 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
921 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
922 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
930 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
933 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
935 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
947 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
954 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
960 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
967 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
968 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
971 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
972 return strdup(filename);
974 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
975 return strdup(filename);
977 k = strlen(filename);
978 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
981 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
982 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
987 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
996 /* Skip trailing slashes */
997 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1003 /* Skip last component */
1004 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1007 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1008 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1014 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1017 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1026 if (errno != ENOENT)
1033 char hexchar(int x) {
1034 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1036 return table[x & 15];
1039 int unhexchar(char c) {
1041 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1044 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1045 return c - 'a' + 10;
1047 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1048 return c - 'A' + 10;
1053 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1057 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1061 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1062 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1063 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1070 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1076 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1080 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1083 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1085 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1089 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1096 char octchar(int x) {
1097 return '0' + (x & 7);
1100 int unoctchar(char c) {
1102 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1108 char decchar(int x) {
1109 return '0' + (x % 10);
1112 int undecchar(char c) {
1114 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1120 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1126 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1128 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1132 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1178 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1179 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1180 * g_strescape() does the same */
1181 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1183 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1184 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1185 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1196 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1203 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1205 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1207 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1212 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1214 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1257 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1262 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1265 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1266 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1268 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1269 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1273 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1288 /* octal encoding */
1291 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1292 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1293 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1295 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1296 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1300 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1308 /* premature end of string.*/
1313 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1325 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1326 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1329 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1332 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1335 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1339 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1340 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1343 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1347 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1349 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1350 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1353 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1354 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1364 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1370 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1371 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
1372 * case the empty string. */
1377 r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
1381 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1383 /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
1384 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
1386 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1387 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1388 !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1390 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1391 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1401 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1406 /* Special case for the empty string */
1410 r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
1414 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1419 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1420 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1421 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1424 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1436 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1441 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1442 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1443 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1448 static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1452 filename[0] == '.' ||
1453 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1454 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1455 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1456 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1457 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1458 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1459 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1460 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1461 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1464 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1467 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1470 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1473 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1478 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1482 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1484 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1486 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1492 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1497 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1501 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1503 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1505 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1511 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1514 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1516 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1523 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1528 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1530 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1535 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1536 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1539 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1540 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1542 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1545 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1546 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1553 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1556 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1559 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1560 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1569 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1572 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1573 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1574 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1583 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1586 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1587 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1594 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1595 static const char table[] =
1604 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1608 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1610 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1616 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1620 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1623 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1626 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1632 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1633 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1635 char line[LINE_MAX];
1640 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1641 new_termios = old_termios;
1643 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1644 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1645 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1647 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1650 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
1651 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1652 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1657 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1659 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1665 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1672 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
1673 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1676 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1681 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1691 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1701 bool need_nl = true;
1704 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1711 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1715 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
1718 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1719 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1730 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1735 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1739 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1740 struct termios termios;
1743 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1747 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1748 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1749 * interfere with that. */
1751 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1752 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1754 /* Switch to text mode */
1756 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1758 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1759 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1761 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1766 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1767 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1768 * else will do that for us */
1770 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1771 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1772 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1773 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1774 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1776 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1777 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1778 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1779 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1780 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1781 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1782 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1783 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1784 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1785 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1786 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1787 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1788 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1790 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1791 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1793 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1797 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1798 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1803 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1806 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1810 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1811 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1816 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1821 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1822 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1823 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1824 * retrying a couple of times.
1826 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1830 fd = open(name, mode);
1837 /* Max 1s in total */
1841 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1850 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1855 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
1862 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1863 struct pollfd pollfd;
1867 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
1874 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1884 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1890 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1899 int acquire_terminal(
1903 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1906 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1908 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
1912 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1913 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1914 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1916 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1917 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1918 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1919 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1920 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1921 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1922 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1923 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1925 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
1926 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1928 if (!fail && !force) {
1929 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1935 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1944 r = flush_fd(notify);
1949 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1950 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1951 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1952 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1956 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1957 * if we already own the tty. */
1959 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1960 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1961 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1963 /* First, try to get the tty */
1964 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
1967 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
1969 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
1970 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
1971 * are have this controlling terminal. */
1972 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
1975 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
1984 assert(notify >= 0);
1987 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
1989 struct inotify_event *e;
1991 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
1994 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1995 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2000 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2010 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2013 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2020 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2025 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2030 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2031 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2033 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2040 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2041 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2042 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2043 * an endless loop. */
2044 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2048 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2050 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2052 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2058 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2061 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2066 int release_terminal(void) {
2068 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2069 int _cleanup_close_ fd;
2071 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2075 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2076 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2079 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2080 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2081 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2083 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2086 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2091 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2096 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2097 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2104 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2105 struct sigaction sa;
2110 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2111 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2113 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2117 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2118 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2125 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2126 struct sigaction sa;
2131 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2132 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2134 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2138 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2139 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2146 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2152 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2157 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2161 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2164 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2173 while (nbytes > 0) {
2176 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2178 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2181 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2182 struct pollfd pollfd;
2186 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2188 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2192 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2195 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2196 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2201 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2212 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2221 while (nbytes > 0) {
2224 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2227 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2230 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2231 struct pollfd pollfd;
2235 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2237 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2241 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2244 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2245 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2250 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2261 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2262 static const struct {
2268 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2269 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2270 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2271 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2272 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2289 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2300 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2302 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2303 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2304 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2305 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2309 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2319 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2324 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2325 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2326 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2329 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2331 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2334 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2339 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2342 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2346 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2349 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2351 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2352 * sysfs or in /dev */
2355 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2356 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2359 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2360 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2369 union dirent_storage buf;
2371 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2378 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2383 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2384 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2401 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2402 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2406 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2410 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2411 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2417 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2420 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2423 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2424 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2425 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2426 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2427 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2428 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2431 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2433 if (program_invocation_name)
2434 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2436 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2440 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2442 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2446 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2451 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2458 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2459 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2463 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2466 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2468 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2469 return strdup(u.nodename);
2471 return strdup(u.sysname);
2474 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2477 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2479 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2482 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2485 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2486 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2488 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2490 return strdup("root");
2492 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2496 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2500 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2501 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2503 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2509 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2513 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2518 return lookup_uid(uid);
2521 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2528 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2531 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2532 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2537 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2543 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2551 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2555 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2559 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2561 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2568 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2570 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
2571 unsigned long ttynr;
2574 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
2577 f = fopen(fn, "re");
2582 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
2583 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
2590 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2600 "%*d " /* session */
2605 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2612 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2614 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
2619 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2623 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2626 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2632 /* This is an ugly hack */
2633 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2634 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2644 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2645 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2646 * vaguely useful. */
2659 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2661 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2679 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2685 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2686 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2690 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2692 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2697 union dirent_storage buf;
2698 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2702 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2703 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
2711 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2714 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2716 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2717 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2718 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2723 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2726 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2727 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2729 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2730 keep_around = false;
2736 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2737 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2740 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2741 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2742 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2743 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2748 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2749 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2753 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2754 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2758 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2760 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2761 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2772 static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2774 return s->f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC ||
2775 (long)s->f_type == (long)RAMFS_MAGIC;
2778 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2783 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2784 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2788 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2789 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2791 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2792 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2793 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2797 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2800 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2806 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2807 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2808 * seriously broken system. */
2809 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2810 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2814 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2817 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2821 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2824 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2825 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2830 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2831 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2838 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2839 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2843 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2844 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2845 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2850 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2853 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2856 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2865 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2866 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2869 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2870 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2873 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2876 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2877 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2878 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2880 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2881 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2884 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2885 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2891 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2894 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2895 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2896 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2898 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
2901 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
2907 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2911 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2914 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2917 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2918 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2928 if (errno != EINVAL)
2935 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
2936 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
2937 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2938 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2939 struct iovec iovec[6];
2941 static bool prev_ephemeral;
2945 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
2946 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2948 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2951 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2964 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
2970 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
2980 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
2981 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
2984 if (!isempty(status)) {
2985 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
2986 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
2987 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
2989 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
2992 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
2994 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
2996 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3002 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3008 va_start(ap, format);
3009 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3015 int status_welcome(void) {
3017 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3019 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3020 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3021 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3023 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3024 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3026 return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
3027 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3028 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3029 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3032 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3039 const char *e, *word = format;
3044 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3055 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3064 } else if (*e == '$') {
3065 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3081 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3083 k = strappend(r, t);
3097 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3108 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3110 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3112 l = strv_length(argv);
3114 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3117 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3119 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3120 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3125 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3128 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3139 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3148 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3156 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3157 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3167 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3171 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3180 unsigned columns(void) {
3184 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3185 return cached_columns;
3188 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3193 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3202 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3206 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3215 unsigned lines(void) {
3219 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3220 return cached_lines;
3223 e = getenv("LINES");
3228 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3234 return cached_lines;
3237 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3238 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3244 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3246 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3247 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3249 return cached_on_tty;
3252 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3258 /* Only works as root */
3260 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3263 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3267 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3268 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3271 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3276 assert(percent <= 100);
3277 assert(new_length >= 3);
3279 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3280 return strndup(s, old_length);
3282 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3286 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3288 if (x > new_length - 3)
3296 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3297 new_length - x - 3);
3302 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3303 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3306 int touch(const char *path) {
3311 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3312 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3315 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3319 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3323 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3327 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3328 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3329 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3336 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3337 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3342 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3343 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3346 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3358 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3362 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3370 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3374 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3380 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3391 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3403 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3410 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3412 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3416 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3417 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3418 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3419 return status.si_status;
3422 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3425 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3426 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3428 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3432 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3436 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3438 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3439 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3447 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3450 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3453 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3459 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3464 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3467 return null_or_empty(&st);
3470 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3474 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags);
3480 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3487 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3491 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3493 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3494 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3499 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3503 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3504 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3506 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3510 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3516 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
3525 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3528 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3529 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3531 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3532 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3534 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3535 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3537 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3538 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3543 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3546 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3549 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3552 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3555 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3558 return streq(tty, "console");
3561 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3566 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3569 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3572 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3575 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3579 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3585 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3588 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3589 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3591 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3594 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3597 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3598 * /dev/console points to */
3599 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3608 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3609 char *active = NULL;
3614 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3617 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3618 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3629 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3632 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3635 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3638 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3641 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3642 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3643 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3649 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3652 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3653 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3654 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3657 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3660 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3663 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
3666 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3670 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
3671 * waits for them to finish. */
3674 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
3676 if (errno == ENOENT)
3679 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3686 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
3687 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
3691 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
3696 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3699 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
3704 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
3705 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3723 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3724 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3727 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
3729 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
3730 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
3735 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3736 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3741 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
3746 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
3750 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
3751 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
3752 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
3753 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
3755 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
3757 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
3768 hashmap_free_free(pids);
3771 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3774 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
3782 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
3788 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
3789 if (streq(i, needle))
3795 bool plymouth_running(void) {
3796 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
3799 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
3808 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
3810 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
3811 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
3812 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
3818 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
3825 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
3832 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
3842 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
3848 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
3851 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
3852 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
3853 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
3854 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
3862 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
3866 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
3867 struct pollfd pollfd;
3872 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
3874 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
3881 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
3884 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
3885 struct pollfd pollfd;
3890 pollfd.events = event;
3892 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
3899 return pollfd.revents;
3902 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
3913 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
3917 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
3921 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
3923 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
3929 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
3942 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
3945 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
3951 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
3954 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3958 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
3959 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3964 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
3968 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
3969 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
3970 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
3972 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
3975 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
3976 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
3977 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
3979 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3984 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
3985 "\033[H" /* move home */
3986 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
3988 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3993 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
3996 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4003 /* Try to deallocate */
4004 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4008 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4009 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4017 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4019 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4024 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4025 "\033[H" /* move home */
4026 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4028 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4033 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4039 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4043 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4045 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4053 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4057 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4068 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4070 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4072 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4080 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4081 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4091 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4093 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4096 unsigned long long ull;
4103 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4107 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4111 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4114 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4115 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4121 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4124 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4133 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4137 display[0] == ':' &&
4138 display[1] >= '0' &&
4142 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4149 if (!display_is_local(display))
4152 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4154 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4158 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4159 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4168 const char **username,
4169 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4171 const char **shell) {
4179 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4180 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4182 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4200 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4204 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4205 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4206 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4207 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4208 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4210 *username = p->pw_name;
4213 p = getpwnam(*username);
4217 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4229 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4234 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4239 return strdup("root");
4243 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4245 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
4251 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4256 return strdup("root");
4260 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4262 if (asprintf(&r, "%lu", (unsigned long) gid) < 0)
4268 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4274 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4275 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4277 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4278 *groupname = "root";
4286 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4291 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4294 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4298 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4306 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4308 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4310 if (getgid() == gid)
4313 if (getegid() == gid)
4316 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4317 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4319 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4321 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4325 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4332 int in_group(const char *name) {
4336 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4343 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4351 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4353 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4355 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4358 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4360 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4367 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4373 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4376 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4380 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4381 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4382 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4383 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4384 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4385 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4386 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4392 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4396 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4402 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4403 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4414 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4422 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4423 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4432 union dirent_storage buf;
4435 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4444 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4446 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4450 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4454 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4463 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4465 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
4489 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4503 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4508 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4532 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4546 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4547 static __thread int cached = 0;
4549 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4550 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4555 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4562 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4563 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4566 r = access(p, F_OK);
4574 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4575 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4578 r = access(p, F_OK);
4584 /* Get parent dev_t */
4585 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4588 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4594 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4600 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4601 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4604 r = access(p, F_OK);
4608 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4615 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4620 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4624 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4625 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4628 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4629 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4630 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4631 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4632 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4635 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4637 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4638 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4639 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4640 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4641 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4642 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4643 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4646 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4648 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4649 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4650 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4651 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4652 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4653 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4654 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4655 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4656 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4657 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4658 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4659 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4660 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4661 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4662 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4663 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4664 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4665 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4666 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4667 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4668 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4671 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4673 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4674 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4675 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4676 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4678 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4679 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4680 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4681 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4684 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4686 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4687 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4688 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4689 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4690 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4694 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4696 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4697 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4698 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4699 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4700 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4701 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4702 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4703 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4704 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4705 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4706 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4707 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4708 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4709 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4710 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4711 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4712 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4715 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4717 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4718 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4719 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4720 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4721 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4724 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4726 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4743 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4754 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4756 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4762 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4764 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4765 static __thread char buf[12];
4768 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4772 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4773 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4775 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
4780 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4785 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4789 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4793 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4794 signo = (int) u + offset;
4795 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4801 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4802 bool loaded = false;
4805 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4813 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
4831 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4833 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4842 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
4849 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
4852 static const struct {
4856 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4857 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4858 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4859 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
4860 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
4864 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
4866 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
4869 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
4870 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
4877 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
4885 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
4898 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4900 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4902 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
4904 l == sizeof(value) &&
4905 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4909 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4916 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
4918 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
4920 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
4922 l == sizeof(value) &&
4923 (size_t) value >= n*2)
4927 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
4934 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
4935 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
4937 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
4945 parent_pid = getpid();
4947 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
4954 if (agent_pid != 0) {
4961 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
4962 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
4963 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4965 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
4966 * to set the death signal */
4967 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
4968 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
4970 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
4971 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
4973 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
4974 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
4976 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
4977 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
4978 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
4979 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
4980 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
4981 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
4982 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
4983 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
4984 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
4986 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
4987 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4991 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
4994 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5000 /* Count arguments */
5002 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5007 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5009 /* Fill in arguments */
5011 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5012 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5016 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5019 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5020 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5024 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5030 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5031 * to get as close as we can */
5032 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5034 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5035 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5037 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5043 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5044 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5056 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5059 f = fopen(path, "re");
5067 char line[LINE_MAX];
5070 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5074 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5084 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5085 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5105 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5109 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5113 /* If /sys is read-only we cannot sleep */
5114 if (access("/sys/power/state", W_OK) < 0)
5117 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5122 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state)
5123 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5129 int can_sleep_disk(const char *type) {
5133 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5137 /* If /sys is read-only we cannot sleep */
5138 if (access("/sys/power/state", W_OK) < 0 ||
5139 access("/sys/power/disk", W_OK) < 0)
5142 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/disk", &p);
5147 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) {
5148 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5151 if (l == k + 2 && w[0] == '[' && memcmp(w + 1, type, l - 2) == 0 && w[l-1] == ']')
5158 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5161 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5164 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5167 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5170 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5173 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5179 bool in_initrd(void) {
5180 static __thread int saved = -1;
5186 /* We make two checks here:
5188 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5189 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5191 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5192 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5193 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5196 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5197 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5198 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5203 void warn_melody(void) {
5204 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5206 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5210 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5212 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5213 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5215 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5216 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5218 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5219 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5221 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5224 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5227 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5229 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5231 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5237 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5244 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5252 /* Take the user specified one */
5263 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5266 h = strdup("/root");
5274 /* Check the database... */
5278 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5280 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5283 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5291 void fclosep(FILE **f) {
5296 void pclosep(FILE **f) {
5301 void closep(int *fd) {
5303 close_nointr_nofail(*fd);
5306 void closedirp(DIR **d) {
5311 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5325 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5331 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5336 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5337 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5340 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5347 bool string_has_cc(const char *p) {
5352 for (t = p; *t; t++)
5353 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5359 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5364 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5367 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5370 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5371 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5374 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5380 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5381 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5382 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5391 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5392 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5395 else if (comparison > 0)
5403 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5405 static int cached_answer = -1;
5407 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5410 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5411 cached_answer = true;
5415 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5417 cached_answer = true;
5421 cached_answer = streq(set, "UTF-8");
5423 return (bool)cached_answer;
5426 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5427 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5429 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5430 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5431 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5432 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5433 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */
5435 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5436 [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ",
5437 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5438 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5439 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5440 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ",
5444 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5447 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5450 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5456 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5457 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5470 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5476 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5477 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5485 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5497 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5498 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5503 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5505 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5511 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5513 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5515 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5519 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5524 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5526 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5527 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5528 else if (*i == '\t')
5535 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5538 } else if (*i == '[') {
5539 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5544 state = STATE_OTHER;
5551 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5552 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5555 state = STATE_OTHER;
5557 } else if (*i == 'm')
5558 state = STATE_OTHER;
5580 int on_ac_power(void) {
5581 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5582 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5584 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5590 union dirent_storage buf;
5591 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5596 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5603 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5606 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5608 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5614 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5616 if (errno == ENOENT)
5622 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5626 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5629 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5630 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5632 if (errno == ENOENT)
5638 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5642 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5645 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5646 found_online = true;
5648 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5649 found_offline = true;
5654 return found_online || !found_offline;
5657 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5664 if (!path_strv_canonicalize_uniq(search))
5667 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5668 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5671 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5681 if (errno != ENOENT)
5688 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5689 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5695 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5698 f = fopen(path, mode);
5707 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5711 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, copy, _f);
5714 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5715 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5717 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5720 f = fopen(path, mode);
5729 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5733 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, s, _f);
5736 int create_tmp_dir(char template[], char** dir_name) {
5739 mode_t _cleanup_umask_ u;
5744 d = mkdtemp(template);
5746 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", template);
5750 dt = strjoin(d, "/tmp", NULL);
5757 r = mkdir(dt, 0777);
5759 log_error("Can't create directory %s: %m", dt);
5763 log_debug("Created temporary directory %s", dt);
5765 r = chmod(dt, 0777 | S_ISVTX);
5767 log_error("Failed to chmod %s: %m", dt);
5771 log_debug("Set sticky bit on %s", dt);
5785 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5792 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5799 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5804 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5813 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5823 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5837 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5845 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5849 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5856 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need) {
5860 if (*allocated >= need)
5863 a = MAX(64u, need * 2);