1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
67 #include "path-util.h"
68 #include "exit-status.h"
72 char **saved_argv = NULL;
74 size_t page_size(void) {
75 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
78 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
81 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
88 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
90 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
101 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
104 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
106 return timespec_load(&ts);
109 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
112 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
113 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
118 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
127 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
129 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
131 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
132 ts->monotonic -= delta;
140 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
144 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
145 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
148 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
151 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
152 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
157 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
161 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
162 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
165 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
168 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
169 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
174 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
181 pl = strlen(postfix);
189 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
192 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
207 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
210 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
226 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i)
227 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
233 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
248 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
252 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
255 int close_nointr(int fd) {
270 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
271 int saved_errno = errno;
273 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
276 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
281 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
284 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
285 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
288 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
291 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
293 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
299 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
300 unsigned long ul = 0;
307 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
313 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
323 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
324 unsigned long ul = 0;
331 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
337 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
344 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
352 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
354 if (!x || *x || errno)
355 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
357 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
360 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
364 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
372 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
374 if (!x || *x || errno)
375 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
377 if ((long) (int) l != l)
384 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
386 unsigned long long l;
392 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
394 if (!x || *x || errno)
395 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
401 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
409 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
411 if (!x || *x || errno)
412 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
418 /* Split a string into words. */
419 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
422 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
424 if (!*current || *c == 0)
427 current += strspn(current, separator);
428 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
431 return (char*) current;
434 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
435 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
436 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
438 bool escaped = false;
440 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
442 if (!*current || *c == 0)
445 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
447 if (*current == '\'') {
450 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
460 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
461 } else if (*current == '\"') {
464 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
474 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
476 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
481 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
488 return (char*) current;
491 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
493 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
494 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
500 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
507 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
508 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
513 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
514 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
515 * skip over it manually */
517 p = strrchr(line, ')');
529 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
532 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
537 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
538 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
539 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
544 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
551 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
558 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
559 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
560 * skip over it manually */
562 p = strrchr(line, ')');
584 "%*d " /* priority */
586 "%*d " /* num_threads */
587 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
588 "%llu " /* starttime */,
595 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
596 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
606 if (fputs(line, f) < 0)
607 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
609 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
615 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
620 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
625 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
631 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
639 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
643 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
646 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
651 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
662 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
678 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
679 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
680 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
689 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
692 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
706 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
707 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
709 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
716 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0)
720 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024)
723 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
730 t = realloc(buf, n+1);
735 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
764 const char *separator, ...) {
767 char *contents = NULL, *p;
772 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
777 const char *key = NULL;
779 p += strspn(p, separator);
780 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
785 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
789 va_start(ap, separator);
790 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
794 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
797 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
802 n = strcspn(p, separator);
805 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
807 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
818 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
835 p += strcspn(p, separator);
854 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
858 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
861 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
874 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
877 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
882 t = strv_append(m, u);
908 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
913 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
917 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
933 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
948 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
951 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
955 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
961 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
964 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
967 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
974 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
981 assert(max_length > 0);
985 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
988 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
998 r = new(char, max_length);
1006 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1028 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1029 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1036 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1046 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1050 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
1061 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1071 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1080 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1084 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1087 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1092 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1098 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1101 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1104 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1111 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
1121 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1131 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1133 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1143 if (startswith(l, field)) {
1145 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1147 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1149 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1162 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1163 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
1166 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
1167 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
1170 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1178 return strndup(suffix, b);
1188 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1192 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1198 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1199 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1202 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1212 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1215 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1221 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1232 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1239 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1242 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1252 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1259 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1263 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1270 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1275 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1278 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1279 struct sigaction sa;
1281 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1285 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1286 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1288 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1289 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1290 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1291 if (errno != EINVAL)
1298 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1301 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1302 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1304 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1306 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1307 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1315 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1318 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1320 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1321 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1332 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1338 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1339 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1345 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1352 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1353 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1356 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1357 return strdup(filename);
1359 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1360 return strdup(filename);
1362 k = strlen(filename);
1363 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1366 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1367 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1372 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1381 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1382 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1388 /* Skip last component */
1389 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1392 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1393 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1399 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1402 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1411 if (errno != ENOENT)
1419 char hexchar(int x) {
1420 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1422 return table[x & 15];
1425 int unhexchar(char c) {
1427 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1430 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1431 return c - 'a' + 10;
1433 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1434 return c - 'A' + 10;
1439 char octchar(int x) {
1440 return '0' + (x & 7);
1443 int unoctchar(char c) {
1445 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1451 char decchar(int x) {
1452 return '0' + (x % 10);
1455 int undecchar(char c) {
1457 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1463 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1469 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1471 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1475 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1521 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1522 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1523 * g_strescape() does the same */
1524 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1526 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1527 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1528 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1539 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1546 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1548 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1550 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1555 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1557 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1600 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1605 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1608 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1609 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1611 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1612 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1616 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1631 /* octal encoding */
1634 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1635 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1636 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1638 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1639 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1643 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1651 /* premature end of string.*/
1656 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1668 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1669 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1672 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1675 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1678 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1682 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1683 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1686 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1689 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1691 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1692 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1695 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1696 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1706 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1712 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1713 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1715 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1718 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1720 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1721 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1722 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1724 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1725 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1735 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1740 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1743 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1748 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1749 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1750 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1753 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1765 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1770 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1771 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1772 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1777 static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1781 filename[0] == '.' ||
1782 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1783 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1784 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1785 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1786 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1787 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1788 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1789 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1790 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1793 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1796 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1799 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1802 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1807 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1811 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1813 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1815 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1821 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1826 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1830 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1832 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1834 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1840 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1843 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1845 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1852 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1857 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1859 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1864 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1865 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1868 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1869 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1871 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1874 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1875 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1882 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1885 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1888 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1889 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1898 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1901 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1902 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1903 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1912 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1915 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1916 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1923 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1933 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1935 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1941 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1944 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1946 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1951 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1952 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1953 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1954 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1955 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1956 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1957 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1958 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1959 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1960 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1961 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1962 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1963 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1964 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1965 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1966 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1967 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1968 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1969 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1970 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1971 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1972 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1973 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1974 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1975 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1976 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1977 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1978 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1979 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1980 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1981 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1982 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1983 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1984 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1985 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1986 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1987 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1989 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1990 (unsigned long long) d);
1992 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
1998 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1999 static const struct {
2003 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2004 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2005 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2006 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2007 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2008 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2018 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2022 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2027 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2029 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2033 if (t < table[i].usec)
2039 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2040 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2053 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2054 static const char table[] =
2063 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
2067 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2069 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2075 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2079 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
2082 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2085 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2091 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2092 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2094 char line[LINE_MAX];
2099 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2100 new_termios = old_termios;
2102 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2103 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2104 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2106 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2109 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2110 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2111 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2116 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2118 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2124 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2131 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2132 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2135 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2140 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2150 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2157 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2163 bool need_nl = true;
2166 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2173 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2177 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2180 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2181 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2192 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2197 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2201 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2202 struct termios termios;
2205 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2209 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2210 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2211 * interfere with that. */
2213 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2214 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2216 /* Switch to text mode */
2218 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2220 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2221 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2223 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2228 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2229 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2230 * else will do that for us */
2232 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2233 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2234 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2235 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2236 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2238 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2239 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2240 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2241 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2242 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2243 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2244 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2245 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2246 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2247 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2248 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2249 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2250 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2252 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2253 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2255 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2259 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2260 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2265 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2268 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2272 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2273 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2278 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2283 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2284 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2285 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2286 * retrying a couple of times.
2288 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2292 fd = open(name, mode);
2299 /* Max 1s in total */
2303 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2312 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2317 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2324 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2325 struct pollfd pollfd;
2329 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2336 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2347 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2352 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2363 int acquire_terminal(
2367 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2370 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2372 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2376 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2377 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2378 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2380 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2381 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2382 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2383 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2384 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2385 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2386 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2387 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2389 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
2390 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2392 if (!fail && !force) {
2393 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2399 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2408 r = flush_fd(notify);
2413 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2414 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2415 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2416 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2420 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2421 * if we already own the tty. */
2423 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2424 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2425 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2427 /* First, try to get the tty */
2428 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2431 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2433 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2434 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2435 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2436 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2439 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2448 assert(notify >= 0);
2451 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2453 struct inotify_event *e;
2455 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
2458 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2459 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2464 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2474 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2477 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2484 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2489 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2494 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2495 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2497 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2504 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2505 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2506 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2507 * an endless loop. */
2508 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2512 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2514 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2516 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2522 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2525 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2530 int release_terminal(void) {
2532 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2534 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2537 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2538 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2541 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2542 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2543 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2545 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2548 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2550 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2554 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2559 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2560 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2567 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2568 struct sigaction sa;
2573 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2574 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2576 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2580 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2581 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2588 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2589 struct sigaction sa;
2594 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2595 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2597 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2601 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2602 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2609 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2615 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2620 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2624 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2627 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2636 while (nbytes > 0) {
2639 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2641 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2644 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2645 struct pollfd pollfd;
2649 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2651 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2655 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2658 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2659 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2664 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2675 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2684 while (nbytes > 0) {
2687 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2690 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2693 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2694 struct pollfd pollfd;
2698 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2700 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2704 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2707 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2708 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2713 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2724 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2725 static const struct {
2729 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2730 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2731 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2732 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2733 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2734 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2735 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2736 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2737 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2738 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2741 { "", USEC_PER_SEC }, /* default is sec */
2757 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2768 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2770 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2771 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2772 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2773 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2777 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2787 int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec) {
2788 static const struct {
2792 { "sec", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2793 { "s", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2794 { "min", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2795 { "hr", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2796 { "h", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2797 { "d", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2798 { "w", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2799 { "msec", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2800 { "ms", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2801 { "m", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2802 { "usec", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2803 { "us", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2806 { "", 1ULL }, /* default is nsec */
2822 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2833 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2835 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2836 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2837 r += (nsec_t) l * table[i].nsec;
2838 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2842 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2852 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2853 static const struct {
2859 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2860 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2861 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2862 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2863 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2880 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2891 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2893 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2894 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2895 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2896 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2900 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2910 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2915 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2916 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2917 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2920 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2922 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2925 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2930 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2933 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2937 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2940 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2942 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2943 * sysfs or in /dev */
2946 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2947 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2950 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2951 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2960 union dirent_storage buf;
2962 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
2969 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2974 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2975 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2979 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2983 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2984 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2990 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2993 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2996 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2997 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2998 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2999 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
3000 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
3001 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
3004 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3006 if (program_invocation_name)
3007 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3009 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3013 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3015 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3019 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3024 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3031 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3032 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3036 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3039 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3041 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
3042 return strdup(u.nodename);
3044 return strdup(u.sysname);
3047 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
3050 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3052 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
3055 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
3058 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
3059 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3061 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3063 return strdup("root");
3065 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
3069 buf = malloc(bufsize);
3073 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
3074 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
3076 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3082 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3086 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3091 return lookup_uid(uid);
3094 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
3101 return lookup_uid(getuid());
3104 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3105 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3110 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
3116 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
3124 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3128 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
3132 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3134 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3141 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3143 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3144 unsigned long ttynr;
3147 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3150 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3155 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3156 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3163 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3173 "%*d " /* session */
3182 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3184 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3189 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3193 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3196 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3201 /* This is an ugly hack */
3202 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3203 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3213 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3214 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3215 * vaguely useful. */
3217 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3227 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3229 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3247 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3253 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3254 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
3258 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3260 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3265 union dirent_storage buf;
3266 bool is_dir, keep_around;
3270 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
3271 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
3279 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3282 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
3284 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
3285 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3286 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3291 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3294 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3295 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3297 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3298 keep_around = false;
3304 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3305 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3308 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3309 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3310 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3311 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3316 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3317 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3321 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3322 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3326 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3328 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3329 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3340 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3345 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3346 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3350 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3351 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3354 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3355 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3356 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3357 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3361 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3364 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3370 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3371 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3372 * seriously broken system. */
3373 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3374 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3378 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3381 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3385 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3388 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3389 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3390 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3395 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3396 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3403 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3404 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3408 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3409 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3410 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3411 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3416 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3419 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3422 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3431 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3432 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3435 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3436 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3439 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3442 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3443 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3444 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3446 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3447 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3450 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3451 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3457 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3460 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3461 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3462 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3464 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3467 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3473 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3477 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3480 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3483 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3484 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3494 if (errno != EINVAL)
3501 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3502 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3503 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3504 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3505 struct iovec iovec[5];
3510 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3511 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3513 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3516 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3529 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3535 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3545 if (!isempty(status)) {
3546 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3547 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3548 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3550 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3553 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3554 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3556 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3562 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3568 va_start(ap, format);
3569 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3575 int status_welcome(void) {
3577 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3579 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3580 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3581 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3583 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3584 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3586 return status_printf(NULL, false,
3587 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3588 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3589 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3592 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3599 const char *e, *word = format;
3604 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3615 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3624 } else if (*e == '$') {
3625 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3641 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3644 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3657 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3668 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3670 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3672 l = strv_length(argv);
3674 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3677 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3679 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3680 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3685 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3687 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3698 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3707 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3715 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3716 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3726 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3730 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3739 static unsigned columns_cached(bool cached) {
3740 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0, env_columns = -1;
3743 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0 && cached))
3744 return parsed_columns;
3746 if (_unlikely_(env_columns == -1)) {
3747 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3749 env_columns = atoi(e);
3754 if (env_columns > 0) {
3755 parsed_columns = env_columns;
3756 return parsed_columns;
3759 if (parsed_columns <= 0 || !cached)
3760 parsed_columns = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3762 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3763 parsed_columns = 80;
3765 return parsed_columns;
3768 unsigned columns(void) {
3769 return columns_cached(true);
3772 unsigned columns_uncached(void) {
3773 return columns_cached(false);
3776 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3780 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3789 unsigned lines(void) {
3790 static __thread int parsed_lines = 0;
3793 if (_likely_(parsed_lines > 0))
3794 return parsed_lines;
3796 e = getenv("LINES");
3798 parsed_lines = atoi(e);
3800 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3801 parsed_lines = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3803 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3806 return parsed_lines;
3809 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3815 /* Only works as root */
3817 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3820 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3824 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3825 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3828 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3833 assert(percent <= 100);
3834 assert(new_length >= 3);
3836 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3837 return strndup(s, old_length);
3839 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3843 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3845 if (x > new_length - 3)
3853 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3854 new_length - x - 3);
3859 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3860 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3863 int touch(const char *path) {
3868 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3869 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3872 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3876 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3880 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3884 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3885 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3886 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3893 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3894 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3899 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3900 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3903 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3915 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3919 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3927 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3931 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3937 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3948 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3960 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3967 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3969 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3973 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3974 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3975 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3976 return status.si_status;
3979 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3982 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3983 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3985 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3989 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3993 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
3995 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3996 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
4004 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
4007 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
4010 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
4016 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
4021 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
4024 return null_or_empty(&st);
4027 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4031 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags);
4037 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4044 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4048 signo = signal_from_string(s);
4050 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4051 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4056 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4062 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4065 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4067 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4068 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4071 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4072 unsigned long long a, b;
4077 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4078 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4085 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
4089 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4090 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4092 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
4096 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4102 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
4111 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4114 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
4115 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
4117 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
4118 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
4120 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
4121 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
4123 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
4124 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
4129 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4132 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4135 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4138 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
4141 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4144 return streq(tty, "console");
4147 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4152 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4155 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4158 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4161 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4165 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4171 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4172 char *active = NULL;
4177 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4180 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
4181 * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
4182 * for container setups) */
4183 if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
4184 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4185 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4186 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4187 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4200 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4203 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4206 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4209 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4212 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4213 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4214 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4220 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4223 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4224 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4225 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4228 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4231 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4234 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4237 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4241 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4242 * until all they all finished. */
4245 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4247 if (errno == ENOENT)
4250 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4257 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4258 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4262 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4267 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4270 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4275 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4276 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4294 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4295 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4298 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4300 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4301 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4306 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4307 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4312 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4317 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4321 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4322 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
4323 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4324 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4326 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4328 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4339 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4342 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4345 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4353 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4359 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4360 if (streq(i, needle))
4366 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4367 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4370 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4379 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4381 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4382 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4383 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4389 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4395 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4396 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4399 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4405 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4408 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4409 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4410 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4411 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4419 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4423 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4424 struct pollfd pollfd;
4429 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4431 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4438 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4441 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4442 struct pollfd pollfd;
4447 pollfd.events = event;
4449 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4456 return pollfd.revents;
4459 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4470 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4474 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4478 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4480 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4486 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4499 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4502 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4508 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4511 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4515 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4516 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4521 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4525 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4526 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4527 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4529 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4532 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4533 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4534 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4536 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4541 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4542 "\033[H" /* move home */
4543 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4545 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4550 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4553 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4560 /* Try to deallocate */
4561 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4565 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4566 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4574 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4576 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4581 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4582 "\033[H" /* move home */
4583 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4585 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4590 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4596 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4600 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4602 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4610 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4614 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4625 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4627 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4629 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4637 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4638 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4648 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4650 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4653 unsigned long long ull;
4660 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4664 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4668 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4671 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4672 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4678 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4681 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4690 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4694 display[0] == ':' &&
4695 display[1] >= '0' &&
4699 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4706 if (!display_is_local(display))
4709 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4711 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4715 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4716 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4725 const char **username,
4726 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4728 const char **shell) {
4736 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4737 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4739 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4757 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4761 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4762 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4763 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4764 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4765 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4767 *username = p->pw_name;
4770 p = getpwnam(*username);
4774 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4786 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4791 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4797 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4798 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4800 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4801 *groupname = "root";
4809 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4814 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4817 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4821 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4829 int in_group(const char *name) {
4831 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4833 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4837 if (getgid() == gid)
4840 if (getegid() == gid)
4843 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4844 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4846 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4848 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4852 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4859 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4867 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4869 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4871 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4874 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4876 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4883 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4889 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4892 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4896 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4897 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4898 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4899 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4900 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4901 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4902 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4908 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4912 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4918 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4919 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4930 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4938 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4939 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4948 union dirent_storage buf;
4951 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
4960 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4962 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4966 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
4970 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
4979 assert((unsigned) r < n);
4981 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5005 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
5018 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5041 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5055 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5056 static __thread int cached = 0;
5058 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5059 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5064 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5071 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5072 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5075 r = access(p, F_OK);
5083 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5084 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5087 r = access(p, F_OK);
5093 /* Get parent dev_t */
5094 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5097 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5103 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5109 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5110 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5113 r = access(p, F_OK);
5117 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5124 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5129 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5133 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5134 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5137 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5138 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5139 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5140 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5141 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5144 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5146 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5147 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5148 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5149 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5150 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5151 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5152 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5155 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5157 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5158 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5159 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5160 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5161 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5162 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5163 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5164 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5165 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5166 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5167 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5168 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5169 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5170 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5171 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5172 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5173 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5174 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5175 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5176 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5177 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5180 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5182 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5183 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5184 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5185 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5187 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5188 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5189 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5190 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5193 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5195 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5196 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5197 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5198 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5199 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5203 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5205 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5206 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5207 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5208 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5209 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5210 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5211 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5212 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5213 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5214 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5215 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5216 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5217 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5218 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5219 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5220 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5221 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5224 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5226 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5227 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5228 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5229 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5230 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5233 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5235 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5252 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5263 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5265 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5271 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5273 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5274 static __thread char buf[12];
5277 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5281 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5282 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5284 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5289 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5294 signo =__signal_from_string(s);
5298 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5302 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5303 signo = (int) u + offset;
5304 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5310 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5311 bool loaded = false;
5314 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5322 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5340 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5342 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5351 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5358 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5361 static const struct {
5365 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5366 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5367 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5368 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5369 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5373 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5375 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5378 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5379 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5386 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5394 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5407 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5409 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5411 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5413 l == sizeof(value) &&
5414 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5418 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5425 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5427 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5429 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5431 l == sizeof(value) &&
5432 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5436 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5443 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5444 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5446 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5454 parent_pid = getpid();
5456 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5463 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5470 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5471 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5472 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5474 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5475 * to set the death signal */
5476 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5477 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5479 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5480 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5482 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5483 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5485 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5486 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5487 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5488 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5489 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5490 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5491 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5492 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5493 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5495 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5496 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5500 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5503 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5509 /* Count arguments */
5511 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5516 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5518 /* Fill in arguments */
5520 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5521 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5525 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5528 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5529 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5533 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5539 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5540 * to get as close as we can */
5541 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5543 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5544 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5546 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5552 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5553 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5565 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5568 f = fopen(path, "re");
5576 char line[LINE_MAX];
5579 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5583 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5593 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5594 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5614 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5618 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5622 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5624 return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
5627 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state)
5628 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5634 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5637 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5640 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5643 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5646 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5649 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5655 bool in_initrd(void) {
5656 static __thread int saved = -1;
5662 /* We make two checks here:
5664 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5665 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5667 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5668 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5669 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5672 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5673 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5674 (s.f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC || s.f_type == RAMFS_MAGIC);
5679 void warn_melody(void) {
5680 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5682 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5686 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. Bute well... */
5688 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5689 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5691 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5692 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5694 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5695 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5697 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5700 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5703 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5705 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5707 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5713 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5720 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5728 /* Take the user specified one */
5739 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5742 h = strdup("/root");
5750 /* Check the database... */
5754 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5756 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5759 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5767 int get_shell(char **_sh) {
5775 /* Take the user specified one */
5776 e = getenv("SHELL");
5786 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5789 sh = strdup("/bin/sh");
5797 /* Check the database... */
5801 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5803 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5806 sh = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5814 void freep(void *p) {
5818 void fclosep(FILE **f) {
5823 void closep(int *fd) {
5825 close_nointr_nofail(*fd);
5828 void closedirp(DIR **d) {
5833 void umaskp(mode_t *u) {