1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
44 #include <sys/prctl.h>
45 #include <sys/utsname.h>
47 #include <netinet/ip.h>
55 #include <sys/mount.h>
56 #include <linux/magic.h>
60 #include <sys/personality.h>
61 #include <sys/xattr.h>
62 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
66 /* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
67 * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the XDG
68 * version which is really broken. */
72 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
84 #include "path-util.h"
85 #include "exit-status.h"
89 #include "device-nodes.h"
94 #include "sparse-endian.h"
96 /* Put this test here for a lack of better place */
97 assert_cc(EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK);
100 char **saved_argv = NULL;
102 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
103 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
105 size_t page_size(void) {
106 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
109 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
112 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
119 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
121 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
132 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
139 pl = strlen(postfix);
142 return (char*) s + sl;
147 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
150 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
153 char* endswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
160 pl = strlen(postfix);
163 return (char*) s + sl;
168 if (strcasecmp(s + sl - pl, postfix) != 0)
171 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
174 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
181 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
182 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
183 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
194 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
201 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
204 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
208 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
209 char * buf_old = buf;
255 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
256 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
257 * g_strescape() does the same */
258 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
260 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
261 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
262 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
268 return buf - buf_old;
271 int close_nointr(int fd) {
278 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
281 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
282 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
283 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
284 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
292 int safe_close(int fd) {
295 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
296 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
297 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
299 * fd = safe_close(fd);
305 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
306 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
307 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
308 * the fd was invalid at all... */
310 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
316 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
319 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
321 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
325 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
336 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
339 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
341 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
347 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
348 unsigned long ul = 0;
355 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
361 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
371 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
372 unsigned long ul = 0;
379 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
385 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
388 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
389 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
392 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
393 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
400 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
408 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
410 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
411 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
413 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
416 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
420 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
428 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
430 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
431 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
433 if ((long) (int) l != l)
440 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
448 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
450 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
451 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
453 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
460 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
468 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
470 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
471 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
473 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
480 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
488 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
490 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
491 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
493 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
500 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
502 unsigned long long l;
508 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
510 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
511 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
517 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
525 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
527 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
528 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
534 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
542 loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
543 if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
547 d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
549 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
551 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
559 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
560 bool escaped = false;
563 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
566 else if (s[n] == '\\')
568 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
572 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
576 /* Split a string into words. */
577 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
583 assert(**state == '\0');
587 current += strspn(current, separator);
593 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
594 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
596 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
597 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
598 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
599 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
603 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
604 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
606 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
607 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
608 /* unfinished escape */
612 *state = current + *l;
614 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
615 *state = current + *l;
621 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
623 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
635 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
636 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
640 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
641 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
642 * skip over it manually */
644 p = strrchr(line, ')');
656 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
659 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
664 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
669 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
675 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
678 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
682 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
686 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
690 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
691 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
695 p = strrchr(line, ')');
701 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
704 return (unsigned char) state;
707 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
714 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
716 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
723 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
724 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
732 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
738 if (max_length == 0) {
739 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
741 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
743 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
748 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
758 r = new(char, max_length);
764 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
786 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
793 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
795 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
803 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
807 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
816 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
828 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
833 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
837 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
840 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
845 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
851 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
853 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
856 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
862 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
864 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
869 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
876 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
877 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
881 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
888 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
889 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
899 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
904 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
909 if (startswith(l, field)) {
911 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
913 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
915 return parse_uid(l, uid);
922 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
923 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
926 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
927 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
928 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
931 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
936 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
938 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
941 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
946 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
948 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
951 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
952 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
953 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
956 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
961 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
967 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
968 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
972 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
974 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
984 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
992 return strndup(suffix, b);
1001 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
1004 r = new(char, a+b+1);
1009 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1015 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1016 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1019 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1034 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1041 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1052 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1053 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1056 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1057 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1061 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1065 value = basename(link);
1069 value = strdup(value);
1078 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1079 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1086 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1090 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1098 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1105 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1109 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1116 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1121 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1124 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1125 struct sigaction sa = {
1126 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1127 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1130 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1131 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1134 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1135 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1136 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1137 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1144 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1147 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1150 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1156 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1159 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1160 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1162 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1164 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1165 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1173 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1176 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1178 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1179 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1190 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1197 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1198 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1201 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1202 return strdup(filename);
1204 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1206 return strdup(filename);
1208 k = strlen(filename);
1209 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1213 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1217 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1226 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1227 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1233 /* Skip last component */
1234 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1237 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1238 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1244 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1247 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1256 if (errno != ENOENT)
1263 char hexchar(int x) {
1264 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1266 return table[x & 15];
1269 int unhexchar(char c) {
1271 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1274 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1275 return c - 'a' + 10;
1277 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1278 return c - 'A' + 10;
1283 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1287 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1291 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1292 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1293 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1300 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1306 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1310 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1313 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1315 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1319 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1326 char octchar(int x) {
1327 return '0' + (x & 7);
1330 int unoctchar(char c) {
1332 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1338 char decchar(int x) {
1339 return '0' + (x % 10);
1342 int undecchar(char c) {
1344 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1350 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1356 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1358 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1362 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1363 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1370 static int cunescape_one(const char *p, size_t length, char *ret) {
1377 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 1)
1414 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1419 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1422 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 3)
1425 a = unhexchar(p[1]);
1429 b = unhexchar(p[2]);
1433 /* don't allow NUL bytes */
1434 if (a == 0 && b == 0)
1437 *ret = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1450 /* octal encoding */
1453 if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 4)
1456 a = unoctchar(p[0]);
1460 b = unoctchar(p[1]);
1464 c = unoctchar(p[2]);
1468 /* don't allow NUL bytes */
1469 if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)
1472 /* Don't allow bytes above 255 */
1473 m = (a << 6) | (b << 3) | c;
1489 int cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1497 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1499 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1501 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1506 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1508 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1512 remaining = s + length - f;
1513 assert(remaining > 0);
1516 /* A literal literal, copy verbatim */
1521 if (remaining == 1) {
1522 if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
1523 /* A trailing backslash, copy verbatim */
1532 k = cunescape_one(f + 1, remaining - 1, t);
1534 if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
1535 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1554 int cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1555 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL, flags, ret);
1558 int cunescape(const char *s, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
1559 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s), flags, ret);
1562 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1566 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1567 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1570 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1574 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1576 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1577 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1580 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1581 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1591 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1596 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1597 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1598 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1603 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1607 filename[0] == '.' ||
1608 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1609 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1610 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1611 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1612 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1613 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1614 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1615 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1616 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1617 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
1618 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
1619 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
1620 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
1621 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1624 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1627 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1630 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1633 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1638 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1643 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1645 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1647 if (nflags == flags)
1650 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1656 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1661 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1666 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1668 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1670 if (nflags == flags)
1673 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1679 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1682 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1684 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1691 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1692 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1696 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1698 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1703 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1704 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1707 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1708 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1710 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1713 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1714 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1721 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1724 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1727 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1728 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1737 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1740 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1741 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1742 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1750 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1753 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1754 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1761 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1762 static const char table[] =
1777 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1781 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1785 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1787 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1793 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1797 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1800 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1803 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1809 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1810 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1811 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1816 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1817 new_termios = old_termios;
1819 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1820 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1821 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1823 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1826 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1827 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1828 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1833 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1835 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1841 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1848 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1849 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1854 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1855 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1859 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1869 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1879 bool need_nl = true;
1882 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1889 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1893 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1896 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1897 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1908 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1913 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1917 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1922 char line[LINE_MAX];
1926 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1933 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1938 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1939 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1941 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1960 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1961 struct termios termios;
1964 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1968 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1969 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1970 * interfere with that. */
1972 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1973 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1975 /* Switch to text mode */
1977 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1979 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1980 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1982 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1987 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1988 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1989 * else will do that for us */
1991 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1992 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1993 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1994 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1995 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1997 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1998 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1999 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2000 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2001 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2002 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2003 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2004 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2005 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2006 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2007 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2008 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2009 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2011 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2012 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2014 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2018 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2019 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2024 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2025 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2027 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2031 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2034 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2039 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2040 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2041 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2042 * retrying a couple of times.
2044 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2047 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
2050 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
2057 /* Max 1s in total */
2061 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2079 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2080 struct pollfd pollfd = {
2090 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2100 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2106 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2115 int acquire_terminal(
2119 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2122 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2127 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2128 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2129 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2131 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2132 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2133 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2134 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2135 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2136 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2137 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2138 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2140 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2141 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2143 if (!fail && !force) {
2144 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2150 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2158 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2159 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2160 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2164 r = flush_fd(notify);
2169 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2170 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2171 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2172 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2176 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2177 * if we already own the tty. */
2178 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2180 /* First, try to get the tty */
2181 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2184 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2186 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2187 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2188 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2189 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2192 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2201 assert(notify >= 0);
2204 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2205 struct inotify_event *e;
2208 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2211 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2212 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2217 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2227 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2229 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2236 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2237 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2246 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2247 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2248 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2249 * an endless loop. */
2250 fd = safe_close(fd);
2255 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2257 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2268 int release_terminal(void) {
2269 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2270 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2271 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2274 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2275 struct sigaction sa_old;
2278 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2282 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2283 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2284 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2286 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2289 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2294 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2299 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2300 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2307 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2308 struct sigaction sa = {
2309 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2310 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2315 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2319 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2320 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2327 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2328 struct sigaction sa = {
2329 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2330 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2335 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2339 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2340 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2347 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2351 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2353 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2357 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2358 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2361 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2368 while (nbytes > 0) {
2371 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2376 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2378 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2379 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2382 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2386 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2400 int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2403 n = loop_read(fd, buf, nbytes, do_poll);
2406 if ((size_t) n != nbytes)
2411 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2412 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2419 while (nbytes > 0) {
2422 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2427 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2428 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2429 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2432 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2439 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2449 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2451 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2452 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2453 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2454 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2455 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2456 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2457 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2459 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2460 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2461 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2462 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2467 unsigned long long factor;
2470 static const struct table iec[] = {
2471 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2472 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2473 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2474 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2475 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2481 static const struct table si[] = {
2482 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2483 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2484 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2485 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2486 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2492 const struct table *table;
2494 unsigned long long r = 0;
2495 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2498 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2503 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2506 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2512 unsigned long long l2;
2518 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2531 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2534 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2535 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2537 if (errno == ERANGE)
2540 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2547 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2549 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2550 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2551 unsigned long long tmp;
2552 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2554 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2555 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2559 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2562 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2578 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2583 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2584 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2585 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2590 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2593 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2594 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2595 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2596 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2597 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2602 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2605 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2609 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2612 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2614 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2615 * sysfs or in /dev */
2618 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2619 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2622 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2623 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2634 if (!de && errno != 0)
2640 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2645 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2646 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2663 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2664 static int have_syscall = -1;
2666 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2669 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2670 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2671 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2672 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2673 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2674 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2676 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2677 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2678 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2679 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2681 have_syscall = true;
2686 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2687 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2688 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2689 have_syscall = false;
2690 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2691 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2692 * remember to use the syscall the
2693 * next time, again, but also read
2694 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2695 * doesn't care about the current
2696 * amount of entropy. */
2697 have_syscall = true;
2701 /* too short read? */
2705 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2707 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2709 return loop_read_exact(fd, p, n, true);
2712 void initialize_srand(void) {
2713 static bool srand_called = false;
2715 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2724 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2725 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2726 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2727 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2729 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2731 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2734 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2735 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2738 srand_called = true;
2741 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2745 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2749 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2750 * get a PRNG instead. */
2754 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2758 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2761 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2762 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2763 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2764 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2765 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2766 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2769 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2771 if (program_invocation_name)
2772 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2774 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2778 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2780 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2784 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2789 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2796 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2797 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2801 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2806 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2809 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2810 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2813 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2819 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2822 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2824 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2825 return strdup(u.nodename);
2827 return strdup(u.sysname);
2830 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2833 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2835 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2838 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2841 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2842 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2844 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2846 return strdup("root");
2848 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2852 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2856 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2857 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2859 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2865 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2869 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2874 return lookup_uid(uid);
2877 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2884 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2887 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2897 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2902 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2903 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2920 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2924 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2928 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2930 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2937 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2939 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2941 unsigned long ttynr;
2945 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2946 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2950 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2960 "%*d " /* session */
2965 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2974 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2975 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2976 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2983 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2987 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2989 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2995 /* This is an ugly hack */
2996 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2997 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr)) < 0)
3000 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3001 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3002 * vaguely useful. */
3009 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3011 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3028 bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) {
3031 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3032 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3035 int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3038 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3041 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3044 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3047 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3048 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3049 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3051 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3052 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3055 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3056 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3062 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3065 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3066 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3067 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3069 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3070 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3073 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3074 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3080 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3084 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3087 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3090 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3091 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3101 if (errno != EINVAL)
3108 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3109 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3110 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3111 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3112 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3114 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3118 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3119 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3121 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3124 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3137 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3143 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3151 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3152 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3155 if (!isempty(status)) {
3156 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3157 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3158 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3160 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3163 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3165 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3167 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3173 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3179 va_start(ap, format);
3180 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3186 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3193 const char *e, *word = format;
3198 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3209 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3219 } else if (*e == '$') {
3220 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3237 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3239 k = strappend(r, t);
3253 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3265 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3267 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3269 l = strv_length(argv);
3271 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3275 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3277 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3278 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3280 char **w, **m = NULL;
3283 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3287 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
3299 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3309 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3317 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3318 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3330 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3331 struct winsize ws = {};
3333 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3342 unsigned columns(void) {
3346 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3347 return cached_columns;
3350 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3352 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3355 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3361 return cached_columns;
3364 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3365 struct winsize ws = {};
3367 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3376 unsigned lines(void) {
3380 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3381 return cached_lines;
3384 e = getenv("LINES");
3386 (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
3389 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3395 return cached_lines;
3398 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3399 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3405 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3407 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3408 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3410 return cached_on_tty;
3413 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3416 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3419 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3422 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3423 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3426 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3429 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3436 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3441 assert(percent <= 100);
3442 assert(new_length >= 3);
3444 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3445 return strndup(s, old_length);
3447 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3451 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3453 if (x > new_length - 3)
3461 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3462 new_length - x - 3);
3467 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3471 unsigned k, len, len2;
3474 assert(percent <= 100);
3475 assert(new_length >= 3);
3477 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3478 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3479 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3481 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3482 return strndup(s, old_length);
3484 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3486 if (x > new_length - 3)
3490 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3493 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3496 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3499 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3502 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3505 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3506 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3509 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3513 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3515 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3517 /* make space for ellipsis */
3518 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3521 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3522 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3527 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3528 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3532 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3536 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3541 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3542 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3545 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3546 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3552 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3554 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3559 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3564 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
3565 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3570 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3571 struct timespec ts[2];
3573 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3575 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3577 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3584 int touch(const char *path) {
3585 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
3588 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3592 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3593 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3594 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3601 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3602 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3607 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3608 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
3612 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3622 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3627 name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
3628 p = strdupa(eq + 1);
3630 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3634 return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
3637 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3648 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3662 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3663 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3664 * failed for an unknown reason.
3665 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3668 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3669 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3671 * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
3672 * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
3674 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
3681 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3683 return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
3685 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3686 if (status.si_status != 0)
3687 log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
3688 "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3690 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3692 return status.si_status;
3693 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3694 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3696 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3700 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3704 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3706 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3707 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3715 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3718 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3721 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3727 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3732 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3735 return null_or_empty(&st);
3738 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3743 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3746 return null_or_empty(&st);
3749 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3753 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3755 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3768 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3772 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3774 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3775 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3780 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3781 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3784 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3788 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3789 t = new(char, enc_len);
3793 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3796 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3799 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3802 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3803 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3805 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3806 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3808 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3809 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3811 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3812 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3817 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3820 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3823 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3826 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3829 return streq(tty, "console");
3832 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3837 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3840 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3843 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3846 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3850 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3856 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3859 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3860 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3862 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3865 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3868 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3869 * /dev/console points to */
3870 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3876 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3879 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3880 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3882 tty = *active = tmp;
3889 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3890 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3894 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3897 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3898 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3903 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3906 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3909 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt220";
3912 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3915 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
3918 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3919 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3920 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3926 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3929 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3930 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3931 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3934 if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3937 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3940 static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3941 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3942 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
3945 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
3946 * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
3948 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3949 reset_signal_mask();
3951 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3953 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
3957 seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
3961 STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
3962 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
3965 d = opendir(*directory);
3967 if (errno == ENOENT)
3970 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
3973 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3974 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3978 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3981 if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
3982 log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
3986 r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
3990 path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3994 if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
3995 log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
4001 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4003 } else if (pid == 0) {
4006 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
4016 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4019 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
4021 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
4028 /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
4029 * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
4030 * and turn on alarm(). */
4032 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
4033 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
4035 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4036 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
4039 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4042 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
4045 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
4051 void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
4055 char **dirs = (char**) directories;
4057 assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
4059 name = basename(dirs[0]);
4060 assert(!isempty(name));
4062 /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
4063 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
4064 * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
4065 * earliest one wins. */
4067 executor_pid = fork();
4068 if (executor_pid < 0) {
4069 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
4072 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
4073 r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
4074 _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
4077 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
4080 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4083 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4091 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4097 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4098 if (streq(i, needle))
4104 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4105 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4108 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4117 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4119 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4120 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4121 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4127 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4134 /* Doesn't accept empty hostnames, hostnames with trailing or
4135 * leading dots, and hostnames with multiple dots in a
4136 * sequence. Also ensures that the length stays below
4139 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4146 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4156 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4162 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4166 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4173 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4174 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4185 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4190 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4192 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4195 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4196 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4205 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4206 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4208 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4213 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4220 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4223 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4225 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4233 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4240 return pollfd.revents;
4243 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4252 r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
4256 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4262 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4275 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4278 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4284 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4285 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4287 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4291 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4294 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4298 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4299 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4300 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4302 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4305 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4306 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4307 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4309 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4314 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4315 "\033[H" /* move home */
4316 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4323 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4326 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4333 /* Try to deallocate */
4334 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4338 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4347 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4349 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4354 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4355 "\033[H" /* move home */
4356 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4363 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4364 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4370 r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
4374 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4377 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4385 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4386 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4391 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4395 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4398 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4406 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4407 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4412 r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
4416 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4419 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4427 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4431 display[0] == ':' &&
4432 display[1] >= '0' &&
4436 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4443 if (!display_is_local(display))
4446 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4448 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4452 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4453 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4462 const char **username,
4463 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4465 const char **shell) {
4473 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4474 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4476 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4494 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4498 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4499 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4500 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4501 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4502 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4504 *username = p->pw_name;
4507 p = getpwnam(*username);
4511 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4523 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4528 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4533 return strdup("root");
4537 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4539 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4545 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4550 return strdup("root");
4554 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4556 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4562 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4568 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4569 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4571 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4572 *groupname = "root";
4580 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4585 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4588 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4592 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4600 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4602 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4604 if (getgid() == gid)
4607 if (getegid() == gid)
4610 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4611 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4613 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4615 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4619 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4626 int in_group(const char *name) {
4630 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4637 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4638 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4644 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4646 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4648 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4651 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4653 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4656 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4657 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4662 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4664 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4666 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4668 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4669 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4671 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4672 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4680 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4686 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4689 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4693 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4694 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4695 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4696 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4697 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4698 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4699 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4705 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4706 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4707 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4708 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4712 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4713 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4725 if (!de && errno != 0)
4730 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4732 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4736 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4737 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4740 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4751 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4757 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4771 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4776 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4800 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4814 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4815 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4817 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4818 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4823 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4830 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4831 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4834 r = access(p, F_OK);
4842 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4843 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4846 r = access(p, F_OK);
4852 /* Get parent dev_t */
4853 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4856 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4862 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4868 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4869 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4872 r = access(p, F_OK);
4876 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4883 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4884 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4885 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4886 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4887 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4890 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4892 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4893 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4894 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4895 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4896 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4897 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4898 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4901 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4903 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4904 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4905 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4906 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4907 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4908 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4909 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4910 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4911 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4912 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4913 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4914 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4915 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4916 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4917 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4918 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4919 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4920 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4921 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4922 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4923 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4926 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4928 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4929 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4930 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4931 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4933 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4934 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4935 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4936 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4939 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4941 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4942 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4943 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4944 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4945 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4949 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4951 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4952 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4953 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4954 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4955 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4956 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4957 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4958 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4959 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4960 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4961 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4962 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4963 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4964 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4965 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4966 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4967 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4970 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4972 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4973 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4974 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4975 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4976 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4979 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4981 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4998 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5009 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5011 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5017 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5019 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5020 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
5023 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5027 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5028 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5030 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
5035 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5040 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5044 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5048 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5049 signo = (int) u + offset;
5050 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5056 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5057 bool loaded = false;
5060 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5068 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5070 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5079 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5086 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5089 static const struct {
5093 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5094 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5095 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5096 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5097 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5101 if (t == (off_t) -1)
5104 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5106 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5109 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5110 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5117 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5125 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5138 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5140 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5142 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5143 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5146 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5149 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5150 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5156 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5158 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5160 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5161 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5164 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5167 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5168 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5173 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5174 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5175 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5176 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5184 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5187 parent_pid = getpid();
5189 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5190 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5191 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5192 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5193 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5196 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5197 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5201 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5202 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5209 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5210 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5211 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5213 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5214 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5215 * SIGTERM or so... */
5216 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5217 reset_signal_mask();
5219 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5220 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5221 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5222 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5224 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5225 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5227 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5228 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5230 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5233 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5234 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5235 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5236 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5237 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5238 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5239 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5240 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5242 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5243 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5247 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5250 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5256 /* Count arguments */
5258 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5263 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5265 /* Fill in arguments */
5267 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5268 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5272 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5275 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5276 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5280 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5286 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5287 * to get as close as we can */
5288 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5290 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5291 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5293 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5299 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5300 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5311 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5313 f = fopen(path, "re");
5321 char line[LINE_MAX];
5324 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5328 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5338 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5339 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5353 bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
5357 if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
5360 if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
5366 bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5372 p = startswith(url, "http://");
5374 p = startswith(url, "https://");
5381 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5384 bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
5390 if (http_url_is_valid(url))
5393 p = startswith(url, "file:/");
5395 p = startswith(url, "info:");
5397 p = startswith(url, "man:");
5402 return ascii_is_valid(p);
5405 bool in_initrd(void) {
5406 static int saved = -1;
5412 /* We make two checks here:
5414 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5415 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5417 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5418 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5419 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5422 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5423 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5424 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5429 void warn_melody(void) {
5430 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5432 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5436 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5438 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5439 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5441 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5442 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5444 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5445 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5447 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5450 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5453 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5455 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5457 return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to acquire terminal: %m");
5461 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %m");
5466 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5474 /* Take the user specified one */
5475 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5476 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5485 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5488 h = strdup("/root");
5496 /* Check the database... */
5500 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5502 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5505 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5513 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5521 /* Take the user specified one */
5522 e = getenv("SHELL");
5532 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5535 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5543 /* Check the database... */
5547 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5549 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5552 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5560 bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
5574 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5580 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5586 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5587 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5590 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5598 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5599 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5601 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5606 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5607 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5610 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5620 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5625 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5628 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5631 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5632 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5635 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5641 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5642 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5643 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5652 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5653 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5656 else if (comparison > 0)
5664 void init_gettext(void) {
5665 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
5666 textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
5669 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5671 static int cached_answer = -1;
5673 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5676 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5677 cached_answer = true;
5681 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5683 cached_answer = true;
5687 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5688 cached_answer = true;
5692 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5693 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5694 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5696 cached_answer = true;
5700 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5704 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5705 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5709 return (bool) cached_answer;
5712 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5713 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5716 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5717 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5718 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5719 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5720 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5721 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5722 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5723 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5726 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5727 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5728 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5729 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5730 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5731 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5732 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5733 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5738 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5741 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5744 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5750 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5751 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5764 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5770 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5771 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5779 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5791 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5792 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5797 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5799 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5805 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5807 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5809 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5813 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5818 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5820 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5821 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5822 else if (*i == '\t')
5829 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5832 } else if (*i == '[') {
5833 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5838 state = STATE_OTHER;
5845 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5846 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5849 state = STATE_OTHER;
5851 } else if (*i == 'm')
5852 state = STATE_OTHER;
5874 int on_ac_power(void) {
5875 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5876 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5878 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5880 return errno == ENOENT ? true : -errno;
5884 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5890 if (!de && errno != 0)
5896 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
5899 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5901 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5907 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5909 if (errno == ENOENT)
5915 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5919 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5923 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5925 if (errno == ENOENT)
5931 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5935 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5938 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5939 found_online = true;
5941 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5942 found_offline = true;
5947 return found_online || !found_offline;
5950 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5957 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5960 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5961 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5965 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5967 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5977 if (errno != ENOENT)
5984 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5985 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5991 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5994 f = fopen(path, mode);
6003 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
6007 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
6010 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
6011 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
6013 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
6016 f = fopen(path, mode);
6025 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
6029 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
6032 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
6039 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
6046 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6051 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
6060 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
6070 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
6084 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
6092 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
6096 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
6103 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6110 if (*allocated >= need)
6113 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6114 a = newalloc * size;
6116 /* check for overflows */
6117 if (a < size * need)
6125 *allocated = newalloc;
6129 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6138 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6142 if (*allocated > prev)
6143 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6148 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6154 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6156 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6159 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6160 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6161 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6165 } else if (l == 36) {
6167 /* Formatted UUID */
6169 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6172 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6176 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6177 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6178 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6189 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6204 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6208 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6220 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6221 _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
6224 r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
6230 return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
6233 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6236 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
6237 return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
6239 return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6242 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6243 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6249 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6255 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6258 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
6264 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6266 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6269 value = strchr(word, '=');
6273 r = parse_item(word, value);
6281 int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
6282 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
6289 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6295 _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
6298 r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
6304 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6306 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6310 e = startswith(word, key);
6314 r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
6320 if (streq(word, key))
6334 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6335 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6343 p = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6344 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6352 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6355 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6365 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6366 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6374 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6375 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6383 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6384 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6392 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6393 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6401 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6402 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6408 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6411 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6414 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6419 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6424 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6427 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6431 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6435 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6439 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6442 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6446 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6449 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6452 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6458 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6459 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6464 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6467 return errno != ESRCH;
6470 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6473 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6478 r = get_process_state(pid);
6479 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6485 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6486 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6493 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6497 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6500 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6501 * to namespacing issues */
6504 if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
6506 if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
6513 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6525 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6529 if (errno != ERANGE)
6536 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6552 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6553 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6554 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6561 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6568 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6575 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6576 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6581 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6582 p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6584 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6592 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6595 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6598 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6599 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6601 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6602 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6604 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6605 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6610 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6612 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6613 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6614 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6615 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6616 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6617 * used by libseccomp. */
6619 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6621 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6624 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6627 #elif defined(__i386__)
6629 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6633 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6634 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6635 * as error indicator. */
6636 return 0xffffffffUL;
6639 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6641 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6643 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6649 #elif defined(__i386__)
6658 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6661 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6662 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6664 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6667 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6670 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6671 const uint8_t *b = p;
6674 assert(s == 0 || b);
6679 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6681 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6686 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6694 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6699 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6713 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6718 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6720 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6721 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6723 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6728 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6732 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6733 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6734 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6737 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6742 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6743 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6747 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6750 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6751 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6752 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6753 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6754 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6755 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6756 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6757 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6758 "- " /* (8) separator */
6759 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6760 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6761 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6762 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6771 r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
6775 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6778 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6794 static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
6797 if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
6799 *flags = buf.f_flag;
6803 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6804 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6805 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6808 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6809 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6810 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6811 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6812 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6813 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6814 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6815 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6816 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6817 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6818 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6819 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6820 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6822 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6826 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6828 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6833 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6834 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6835 bool top_autofs = false;
6837 unsigned long orig_flags;
6839 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6843 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6844 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6848 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6851 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6852 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6853 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6854 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6855 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6856 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6857 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6858 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6859 "- " /* (8) separator */
6860 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6861 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6862 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6863 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6873 r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
6877 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6878 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6879 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6880 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6881 * already triggered, then we will find
6882 * another entry for this. */
6883 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6884 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6888 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6889 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6891 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6901 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6902 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6904 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6905 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6908 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6909 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6910 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6911 * mount, make it one. */
6912 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6916 (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
6917 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
6919 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6922 x = strdup(cleaned);
6926 r = set_consume(done, x);
6931 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6933 r = set_consume(done, x);
6939 /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
6940 * don't care for errors, in case of
6941 * obstructed mounts */
6943 (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
6944 orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
6946 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6948 /* Deal with mount points that are
6949 * obstructed by a later mount */
6951 if (errno != ENOENT)
6959 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6966 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6971 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
6983 * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
6987 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
6990 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
6994 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
6996 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7000 int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
7014 * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
7018 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7021 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
7025 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
7028 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7029 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7035 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7039 int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
7050 * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
7053 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
7057 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
7060 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
7061 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
7067 *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
7071 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
7072 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
7075 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
7076 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
7078 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
7079 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
7080 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
7081 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
7082 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
7083 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
7084 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
7085 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
7088 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
7090 struct flock flock = {
7092 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7100 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
7101 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
7102 * our own trivial version of this.
7104 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
7105 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
7106 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
7107 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
7108 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
7111 path = strjoina(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
7113 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
7115 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
7119 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
7128 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
7131 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
7134 return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
7137 int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
7142 r = stat(path, &st);
7144 r = lstat(path, &st);
7148 return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
7151 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, UnquoteFlags flags) {
7152 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
7153 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
7161 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7163 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
7171 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
7172 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
7173 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
7174 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
7184 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7194 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7196 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
7198 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7199 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7202 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7212 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7217 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7220 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7221 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7235 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7238 } else if (c == '\'')
7241 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7243 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7251 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7253 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7258 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7261 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7262 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7270 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7279 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7281 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7289 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7291 if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
7296 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7299 if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
7300 r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c);
7308 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7314 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7336 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, UnquoteFlags flags, ...) {
7341 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7342 * quotes if necessary. */
7346 /* Count how many words are expected */
7347 va_start(ap, flags);
7349 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7358 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7359 l = newa0(char*, n);
7360 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7362 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], flags);
7366 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7376 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7378 va_start(ap, flags);
7379 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7382 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7392 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7397 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7398 * possibly freeing the old one. */
7413 int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s) {
7415 char buf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1] = {};
7419 r = gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf));
7426 r = sethostname(s, strlen(s));
7433 int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
7446 if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
7450 if (errno != ERANGE) {
7460 int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
7461 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
7462 _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
7464 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
7465 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
7467 struct msghdr mh = {
7468 .msg_control = &control,
7469 .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
7471 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7478 r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
7482 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
7492 pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
7494 r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
7496 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7498 master = posix_openpt(flags);
7500 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7502 cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
7503 cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
7504 cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
7505 cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
7506 memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
7508 mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
7510 if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
7511 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
7513 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
7516 pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
7518 r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
7521 if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
7524 if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
7527 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&mh, cmsg))
7528 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
7532 fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
7533 n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
7536 close_many(fds, n_fds);
7546 ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
7547 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7550 /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
7552 fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOATIME|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
7556 l = fgetxattr(fd, attribute, value, size);
7563 static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
7569 if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
7576 int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
7583 /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
7584 * let's fake one with xattrs */
7586 n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7589 if (n != sizeof(le))
7592 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7595 int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
7599 n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
7602 if (n != sizeof(le))
7605 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7608 int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
7615 n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
7618 if (n != sizeof(le))
7621 return parse_crtime(le, usec);
7624 int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
7630 usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
7632 le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
7633 if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
7639 int chattr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
7640 unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
7647 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
7650 new_attr = (old_attr & ~mask) | (value & mask);
7651 if (new_attr == old_attr)
7654 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
7660 int chattr_path(const char *p, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
7661 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7668 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7672 return chattr_fd(fd, value, mask);
7675 int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
7678 if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
7684 int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
7685 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7690 fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
7694 return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
7697 int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7698 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
7699 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
7703 * We use UNPOSIX locks if they are available. They have nice
7704 * semantics, and are mostly compatible with NFS. However,
7705 * they are only available on new kernels. When we detect we
7706 * are running on an older kernel, then we fall back to good
7707 * old BSD locks. They also have nice semantics, but are
7708 * slightly problematic on NFS, where they are upgraded to
7709 * POSIX locks, even though locally they are orthogonal to
7719 .l_type = (operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX ? F_WRLCK : F_RDLCK,
7720 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7724 fd = open(p, O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0600);
7728 r = fcntl(fd, (operation & LOCK_NB) ? F_OFD_SETLK : F_OFD_SETLKW, &fl);
7731 /* If the kernel is too old, use good old BSD locks */
7732 if (errno == EINVAL)
7733 r = flock(fd, operation);
7736 return errno == EAGAIN ? -EBUSY : -errno;
7739 /* If we acquired the lock, let's check if the file
7740 * still exists in the file system. If not, then the
7741 * previous exclusive owner removed it and then closed
7742 * it. In such a case our acquired lock is worthless,
7743 * hence try again. */
7748 if (st.st_nlink > 0)
7751 fd = safe_close(fd);
7756 ret->operation = operation;
7764 int make_lock_file_for(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
7772 if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
7775 t = newa(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 4 + 1);
7776 stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), ".lck");
7778 return make_lock_file(t, operation, ret);
7781 void release_lock_file(LockFile *f) {
7789 /* If we are the exclusive owner we can safely delete
7790 * the lock file itself. If we are not the exclusive
7791 * owner, we can try becoming it. */
7794 (f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_SH) {
7795 static const struct flock fl = {
7797 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
7800 r = fcntl(f->fd, F_OFD_SETLK, &fl);
7801 if (r < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
7802 r = flock(f->fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
7805 f->operation = LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB;
7808 if ((f->operation & ~LOCK_NB) == LOCK_EX)
7809 unlink_noerrno(f->path);
7815 f->fd = safe_close(f->fd);
7819 static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
7834 ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
7835 const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
7843 n = nul_length(q, e - q);
7845 /* If there are more than the specified run length of
7846 * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
7847 * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
7848 if ((n > run_length) ||
7849 (n > 0 && q == p) ||
7850 (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
7852 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
7859 if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
7871 l = write(fd, w, q - w);
7878 return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
7881 void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid) {
7887 if (kill(*pid, SIGKILL) > 0)
7888 (void) wait_for_terminate(*pid, NULL);
7891 int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
7892 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
7902 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
7905 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
7906 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7908 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
7909 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7910 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
7912 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
7913 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
7914 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
7915 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
7920 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
7921 (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
7925 *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
7927 *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
7933 ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
7939 for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
7940 if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
7946 void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
7947 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
7951 for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(mh, cmsg))
7952 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
7953 close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
7956 int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
7960 ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
7964 /* Even though renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added
7965 * support for it later. If it is not implemented, fallback to another
7967 if (errno != EINVAL)
7970 /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
7971 * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
7972 * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
7974 ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
7975 if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
7976 ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
7977 return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
7980 /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
7981 ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
7985 ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
7987 /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
7989 (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);