1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
44 #include <sys/prctl.h>
45 #include <sys/utsname.h>
47 #include <netinet/ip.h>
56 #include <sys/mount.h>
57 #include <linux/magic.h>
61 #include <sys/personality.h>
62 #include <sys/xattr.h>
64 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
68 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
80 #include "path-util.h"
81 #include "exit-status.h"
85 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 #include "sparse-endian.h"
93 char **saved_argv = NULL;
95 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
96 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
98 size_t page_size(void) {
99 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
102 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
105 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
112 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
114 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
125 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
132 pl = strlen(postfix);
135 return (char*) s + sl;
140 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
143 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
146 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
153 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
154 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
155 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
166 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
173 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
176 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
180 static size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
181 char * buf_old = buf;
227 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
228 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
229 * g_strescape() does the same */
230 if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
232 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
233 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
234 *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
240 return buf - buf_old;
243 int close_nointr(int fd) {
250 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
253 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
254 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
255 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
256 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
264 int safe_close(int fd) {
267 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
268 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
269 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
271 * fd = safe_close(fd);
277 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
278 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
279 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
280 * the fd was invalid at all... */
282 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
288 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
291 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
293 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
297 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
308 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
311 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
313 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
319 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
320 unsigned long ul = 0;
327 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
333 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
343 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
344 unsigned long ul = 0;
351 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
357 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
360 /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
361 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
364 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
365 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
372 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
380 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
382 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
383 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
385 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
388 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
392 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
400 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
402 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
403 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
405 if ((long) (int) l != l)
412 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
420 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
422 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
423 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
425 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
432 int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
440 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
442 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
443 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
445 if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
452 int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
460 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
462 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
463 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
465 if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
472 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
474 unsigned long long l;
480 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
482 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
483 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
489 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
497 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
499 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
500 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
506 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
513 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
518 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
519 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
525 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
526 bool escaped = false;
529 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
532 else if (s[n] == '\\')
534 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
538 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
542 /* Split a string into words. */
543 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
549 assert(**state == '\0');
553 current += strspn(current, separator);
559 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
560 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
562 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
563 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
564 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
565 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
569 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
570 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
572 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
573 if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
574 /* unfinished escape */
578 *state = current + *l;
580 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
581 *state = current + *l;
587 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
589 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
601 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
602 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
606 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
607 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
608 * skip over it manually */
610 p = strrchr(line, ')');
622 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
625 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
630 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
635 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
641 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
644 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
648 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
652 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
656 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
657 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
661 p = strrchr(line, ')');
667 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
670 return (unsigned char) state;
673 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
680 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
682 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
689 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
690 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
698 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
704 if (max_length == 0) {
705 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
707 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
709 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
714 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
724 r = new(char, max_length);
730 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
752 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
759 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
761 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
769 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
773 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
782 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
794 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
799 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
803 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
806 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
811 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
817 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
819 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
822 static int get_process_link_contents(const char *proc_file, char **name) {
828 r = readlink_malloc(proc_file, name);
830 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
835 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
842 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
843 r = get_process_link_contents(p, name);
847 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
854 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
855 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
865 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
870 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
875 if (startswith(l, field)) {
877 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
879 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
881 return parse_uid(l, uid);
888 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
889 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
892 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
893 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
894 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
897 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd) {
902 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cwd");
904 return get_process_link_contents(p, cwd);
907 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root) {
912 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
914 return get_process_link_contents(p, root);
917 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
918 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
919 _cleanup_free_ char *outcome = NULL;
922 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
927 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
933 while ((c = fgetc(f)) != EOF) {
934 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(outcome, allocated, sz + 5))
938 outcome[sz++] = '\n';
940 sz += cescape_char(c, outcome + sz);
950 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
958 return strndup(suffix, b);
967 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
970 r = new(char, a+b+1);
975 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
981 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
982 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
985 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
1000 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
1007 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1018 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
1019 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
1022 int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
1023 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1027 r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
1031 value = basename(link);
1035 value = strdup(value);
1044 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1045 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1052 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
1056 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1064 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1071 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1075 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1082 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1087 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1090 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1091 struct sigaction sa = {
1092 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
1093 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1096 /* These two cannot be caught... */
1097 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1100 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1101 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1102 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1103 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
1110 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
1113 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
1116 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
1122 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1125 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1126 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1128 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1130 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1131 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1139 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1142 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1144 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1145 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1156 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1163 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1164 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1167 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1168 return strdup(filename);
1170 e = strrchr(path, '/');
1172 return strdup(filename);
1174 k = strlen(filename);
1175 ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
1179 memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
1183 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1192 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1193 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1199 /* Skip last component */
1200 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1203 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1204 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1210 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1213 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1222 if (errno != ENOENT)
1229 char hexchar(int x) {
1230 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1232 return table[x & 15];
1235 int unhexchar(char c) {
1237 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1240 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1241 return c - 'a' + 10;
1243 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1244 return c - 'A' + 10;
1249 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1253 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1257 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1258 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1259 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1266 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1272 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1276 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1279 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1281 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1285 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1292 char octchar(int x) {
1293 return '0' + (x & 7);
1296 int unoctchar(char c) {
1298 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1304 char decchar(int x) {
1305 return '0' + (x % 10);
1308 int undecchar(char c) {
1310 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1316 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1322 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1324 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1328 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1329 t += cescape_char(*f, t);
1336 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1343 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1345 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1347 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1352 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1354 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1397 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1402 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1405 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1406 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1408 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1409 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1413 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1428 /* octal encoding */
1431 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1432 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1433 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1435 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1436 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1440 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1448 /* premature end of string. */
1453 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1465 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1466 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1469 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1472 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1475 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1479 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1480 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1483 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1487 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1489 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1490 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1493 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1494 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1504 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1509 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1510 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1511 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1516 _pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1520 filename[0] == '.' ||
1521 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1522 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1523 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1524 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1525 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1526 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1527 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1528 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1529 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1530 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1533 bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
1536 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1539 return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
1542 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1547 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1552 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1554 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1556 if (nflags == flags)
1559 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1565 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1570 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1575 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1577 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1579 if (nflags == flags)
1582 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1588 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1591 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1593 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1600 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1601 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1605 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1607 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1612 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1613 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1616 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1617 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1619 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1622 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1623 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1630 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1633 if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
1636 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1637 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1646 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1649 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1650 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1651 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1659 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1662 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1663 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1670 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1671 static const char table[] =
1685 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1689 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1693 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1695 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1701 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1705 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1708 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1711 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1717 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1718 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1719 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1724 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1725 new_termios = old_termios;
1727 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1728 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1729 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1731 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1734 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1735 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1736 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1741 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1743 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1749 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1756 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1757 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1762 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1763 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1767 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1777 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1787 bool need_nl = true;
1790 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1797 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1801 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1804 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1805 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1816 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1821 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1825 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1830 char line[LINE_MAX];
1834 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1841 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1846 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1847 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1849 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1868 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1869 struct termios termios;
1872 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1876 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1877 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1878 * interfere with that. */
1880 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1881 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1883 /* Switch to text mode */
1885 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1887 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1888 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1890 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1895 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1896 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1897 * else will do that for us */
1899 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1900 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1901 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1902 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1903 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1905 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1906 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1907 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1908 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1909 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1910 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1911 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1912 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1913 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1914 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1915 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1916 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1917 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1919 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1920 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1922 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1926 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1927 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1932 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1933 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1935 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1939 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1942 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1947 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1948 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1949 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1950 * retrying a couple of times.
1952 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1955 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1958 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1965 /* Max 1s in total */
1969 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1987 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1988 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1998 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
2008 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
2014 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2023 int acquire_terminal(
2027 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2030 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2035 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2036 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2037 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2039 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2040 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2041 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2042 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2043 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2044 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2045 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2046 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2048 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
2049 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2051 if (!fail && !force) {
2052 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2058 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2066 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
2067 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2068 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2072 r = flush_fd(notify);
2077 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2078 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2079 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2080 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2084 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2085 * if we already own the tty. */
2086 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2088 /* First, try to get the tty */
2089 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2092 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2094 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2095 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2096 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2097 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2100 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2109 assert(notify >= 0);
2112 union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
2113 struct inotify_event *e;
2116 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2119 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2120 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2125 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2135 l = read(notify, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
2137 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2144 FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
2145 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2154 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2155 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2156 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2157 * an endless loop. */
2158 fd = safe_close(fd);
2163 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2165 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to reset terminal: %m");
2176 int release_terminal(void) {
2177 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2178 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2179 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2182 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2183 struct sigaction sa_old;
2186 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2190 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2191 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2192 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2194 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2197 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2202 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2207 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2208 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2215 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2216 struct sigaction sa = {
2217 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2218 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2223 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2227 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2228 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2235 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2236 struct sigaction sa = {
2237 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2238 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2243 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2247 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2248 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2255 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2259 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2261 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2265 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2266 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2269 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2276 while (nbytes > 0) {
2279 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2284 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2286 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2287 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2290 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2294 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2308 int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2309 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2316 while (nbytes > 0) {
2319 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2324 if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2325 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2326 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2329 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2336 if (k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
2346 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2348 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2349 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2350 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2351 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2352 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2353 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2354 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2356 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2357 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2358 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2359 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2364 unsigned long long factor;
2367 static const struct table iec[] = {
2368 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2369 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2370 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2371 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2372 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2378 static const struct table si[] = {
2379 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2380 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2381 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2382 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2383 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2389 const struct table *table;
2391 unsigned long long r = 0;
2392 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2395 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2400 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2403 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2409 unsigned long long l2;
2415 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2428 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2431 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2432 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2434 if (errno == ERANGE)
2437 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2444 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2446 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2447 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2448 unsigned long long tmp;
2449 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2451 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2452 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2456 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2459 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2475 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2480 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2481 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2482 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2487 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2490 /* Explicitly unset O_CLOEXEC, since if fd was < 3, then
2491 * dup2() was a NOP and the bit hence possibly set. */
2492 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2493 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2494 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2499 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2502 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2506 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2509 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2511 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2512 * sysfs or in /dev */
2515 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2516 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2519 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2520 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2531 if (!de && errno != 0)
2537 if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
2542 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2543 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2560 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2561 static int have_syscall = -1;
2565 /* Gathers some randomness from the kernel. This call will
2566 * never block, and will always return some data from the
2567 * kernel, regardless if the random pool is fully initialized
2568 * or not. It thus makes no guarantee for the quality of the
2569 * returned entropy, but is good enough for or usual usecases
2570 * of seeding the hash functions for hashtable */
2572 /* Use the getrandom() syscall unless we know we don't have
2573 * it, or when the requested size is too large for it. */
2574 if (have_syscall != 0 || (size_t) (int) n != n) {
2575 r = getrandom(p, n, GRND_NONBLOCK);
2577 have_syscall = true;
2582 if (errno == ENOSYS)
2583 /* we lack the syscall, continue with
2584 * reading from /dev/urandom */
2585 have_syscall = false;
2586 else if (errno == EAGAIN)
2587 /* not enough entropy for now. Let's
2588 * remember to use the syscall the
2589 * next time, again, but also read
2590 * from /dev/urandom for now, which
2591 * doesn't care about the current
2592 * amount of entropy. */
2593 have_syscall = true;
2597 /* too short read? */
2601 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2603 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2605 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2610 if ((size_t) k != n)
2616 void initialize_srand(void) {
2617 static bool srand_called = false;
2619 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2628 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2629 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in auxv, so
2630 * let's try to make use of that to seed the pseudo-random
2631 * generator. It's better than nothing... */
2633 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2635 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2638 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2639 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2642 srand_called = true;
2645 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2649 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2653 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2654 * get a PRNG instead. */
2658 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2662 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2665 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2666 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2667 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2668 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2669 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2670 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2673 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2675 if (program_invocation_name)
2676 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2678 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2682 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2684 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2688 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2693 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2700 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2701 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2705 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2710 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2713 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2714 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2717 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2723 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2726 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2728 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2729 return strdup(u.nodename);
2731 return strdup(u.sysname);
2734 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2737 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2739 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2742 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2745 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2746 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2748 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2750 return strdup("root");
2752 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2756 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2760 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2761 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2763 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2769 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2773 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2778 return lookup_uid(uid);
2781 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2788 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2791 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
2801 r = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2806 p = startswith(path, "/dev/");
2807 c = strdup(p ?: path);
2824 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2828 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2832 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2834 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2841 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2843 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2845 unsigned long ttynr;
2849 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2850 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2854 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2864 "%*d " /* session */
2869 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2878 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2879 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2880 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2887 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2891 sprintf(fn, "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2893 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2899 /* This is an ugly hack */
2900 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2901 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2905 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2906 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2907 * vaguely useful. */
2913 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2915 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2933 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2934 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2939 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2940 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2946 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2951 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2958 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2963 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2966 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2968 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2969 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2970 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2975 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2978 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2979 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2981 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2982 keep_around = false;
2988 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2989 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2992 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2993 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2994 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2995 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3000 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3001 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3005 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3006 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3010 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3012 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3013 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3020 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
3023 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
3024 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
3027 int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd) {
3030 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
3033 return is_temporary_fs(&s);
3036 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3041 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3046 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3047 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3049 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3050 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3055 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3058 static int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
3063 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
3067 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3068 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3071 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3077 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3078 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3079 * seriously broken system. */
3080 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3081 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3085 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3088 if (errno != ENOTDIR && errno != ELOOP)
3092 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3095 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3096 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3101 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3102 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3109 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3114 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
3115 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3121 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3124 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3127 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3136 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3137 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3140 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3141 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3144 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3147 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3148 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3149 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3151 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3152 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3155 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3156 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3162 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3165 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3166 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3167 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3169 if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
3170 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3173 if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
3174 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3180 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3184 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3187 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3190 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3191 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3201 if (errno != EINVAL)
3208 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3209 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3210 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3211 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3212 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3214 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3218 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3219 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3221 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3224 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3237 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3243 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3251 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3252 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3255 if (!isempty(status)) {
3256 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3257 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3258 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3260 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3263 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3265 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3267 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3273 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3279 va_start(ap, format);
3280 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3286 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3293 const char *e, *word = format;
3298 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3309 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1);
3319 } else if (*e == '$') {
3320 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3337 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3339 k = strappend(r, t);
3353 k = strnappend(r, word, e-word);
3365 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3367 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3369 l = strv_length(argv);
3371 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3375 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3377 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3378 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3383 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3387 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e, true);