1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
67 #include "path-util.h"
68 #include "exit-status.h"
72 char **saved_argv = NULL;
74 size_t page_size(void) {
75 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
78 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
81 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
88 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
90 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
101 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
104 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
106 return timespec_load(&ts);
109 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
112 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
113 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
118 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
127 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
129 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
131 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
132 ts->monotonic -= delta;
140 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
144 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
145 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
148 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
151 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
152 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
157 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
161 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
162 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
165 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
168 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
169 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
174 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
181 pl = strlen(postfix);
189 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
192 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
207 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
210 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
226 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i)
227 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
233 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
248 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
252 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
255 int close_nointr(int fd) {
270 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
271 int saved_errno = errno;
273 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
276 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
281 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
284 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
285 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
288 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
291 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
293 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
299 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
300 unsigned long ul = 0;
307 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
313 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
323 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
324 unsigned long ul = 0;
331 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
337 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
344 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
352 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
354 if (!x || *x || errno)
355 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
357 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
360 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
364 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
372 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
374 if (!x || *x || errno)
375 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
377 if ((long) (int) l != l)
384 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
386 unsigned long long l;
392 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
394 if (!x || *x || errno)
395 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
401 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
409 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
411 if (!x || *x || errno)
412 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
418 /* Split a string into words. */
419 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
422 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
424 if (!*current || *c == 0)
427 current += strspn(current, separator);
428 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
431 return (char*) current;
434 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
435 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
436 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
438 bool escaped = false;
440 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
442 if (!*current || *c == 0)
445 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
447 if (*current == '\'') {
450 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
460 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
461 } else if (*current == '\"') {
464 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
474 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
476 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
481 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
488 return (char*) current;
491 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
493 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
494 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
500 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
507 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
508 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
513 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
514 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
515 * skip over it manually */
517 p = strrchr(line, ')');
529 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
532 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
537 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
538 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
539 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
544 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
551 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
558 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
559 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
560 * skip over it manually */
562 p = strrchr(line, ')');
584 "%*d " /* priority */
586 "%*d " /* num_threads */
587 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
588 "%llu " /* starttime */,
595 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
596 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
606 if (fputs(line, f) < 0)
607 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
609 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
615 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
620 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
625 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
631 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
639 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
643 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
646 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
651 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
662 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
678 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
679 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
680 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
689 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
692 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
706 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
707 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
709 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
716 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0)
720 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024)
723 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
730 t = realloc(buf, n+1);
735 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
764 const char *separator, ...) {
767 char *contents = NULL, *p;
772 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
777 const char *key = NULL;
779 p += strspn(p, separator);
780 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
785 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
789 va_start(ap, separator);
790 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
794 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
797 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
802 n = strcspn(p, separator);
805 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
807 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
818 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
835 p += strcspn(p, separator);
854 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
858 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
861 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
874 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
877 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
882 t = strv_append(m, u);
908 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
913 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
917 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
933 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
948 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
951 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
955 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
961 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
964 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
967 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
974 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
981 assert(max_length > 0);
985 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
988 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
998 r = new(char, max_length);
1006 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1028 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1029 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1036 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1046 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1050 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
1061 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1071 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1080 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1084 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1087 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1092 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1098 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1101 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1104 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1111 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1121 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1131 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1133 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1143 if (startswith(l, "Uid:")) {
1145 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1147 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1149 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1162 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1170 return strndup(suffix, b);
1180 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1184 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1190 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1191 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1194 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1204 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1207 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1213 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1224 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1231 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1234 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1244 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1251 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1255 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1262 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1267 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1270 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1271 struct sigaction sa;
1273 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1277 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1278 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1280 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1281 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1282 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1283 if (errno != EINVAL)
1290 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1293 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1294 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1296 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1298 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1299 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1307 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1310 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1312 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1313 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1324 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1330 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1331 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1337 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1344 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1345 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1348 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1349 return strdup(filename);
1351 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1352 return strdup(filename);
1354 k = strlen(filename);
1355 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1358 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1359 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1364 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1373 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1374 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1380 /* Skip last component */
1381 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1384 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1385 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1391 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1394 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1403 if (errno != ENOENT)
1411 char hexchar(int x) {
1412 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1414 return table[x & 15];
1417 int unhexchar(char c) {
1419 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1422 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1423 return c - 'a' + 10;
1425 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1426 return c - 'A' + 10;
1431 char octchar(int x) {
1432 return '0' + (x & 7);
1435 int unoctchar(char c) {
1437 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1443 char decchar(int x) {
1444 return '0' + (x % 10);
1447 int undecchar(char c) {
1449 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1455 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1461 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1463 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1467 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1513 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1514 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1515 * g_strescape() does the same */
1516 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1518 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1519 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1520 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1531 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1538 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1540 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1542 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1547 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1549 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1592 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1597 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1600 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1601 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1603 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1604 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1608 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1623 /* octal encoding */
1626 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1627 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1628 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1630 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1631 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1635 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1643 /* premature end of string.*/
1648 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1660 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1661 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1664 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1667 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1670 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1674 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1675 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1678 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1681 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1683 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1684 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1687 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1688 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1698 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1704 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1705 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1707 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1710 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1712 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1713 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1714 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1716 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1717 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1727 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1732 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1735 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1740 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1741 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1742 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1745 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1757 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1762 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1763 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1764 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1769 static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1773 filename[0] == '.' ||
1774 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1775 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1776 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1777 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1778 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1779 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1780 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1781 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1782 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1785 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1788 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1791 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1794 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1799 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1803 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1805 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1807 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1813 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1818 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1822 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1824 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1826 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1832 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1835 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1837 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1844 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1849 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1851 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1856 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1857 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1860 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1861 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1863 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1866 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1867 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1874 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1877 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1880 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1881 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1890 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1893 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1894 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1895 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1904 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1907 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1908 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1915 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1925 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1927 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1933 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1936 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1938 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1943 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1944 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1945 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1946 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1947 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1948 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1949 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1950 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1951 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1952 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1953 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1954 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1955 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1956 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1957 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1958 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1959 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1960 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1961 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1962 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1963 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1964 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1965 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1966 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1967 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1968 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1969 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1970 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1971 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1972 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1973 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1974 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1975 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1976 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1977 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1978 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1979 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1981 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1982 (unsigned long long) d);
1984 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
1990 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1991 static const struct {
1995 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
1996 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
1997 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
1998 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
1999 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2000 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2010 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2014 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2019 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2021 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2025 if (t < table[i].usec)
2031 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2032 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2045 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2046 static const char * const table[] = {
2058 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2059 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2068 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2073 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2077 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) {
2082 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2085 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2089 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2093 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2094 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2096 char line[LINE_MAX];
2101 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2102 new_termios = old_termios;
2104 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2105 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2106 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2108 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2111 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2112 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2113 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2118 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2120 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2126 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2133 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2134 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2137 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2142 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2152 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2159 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2165 bool need_nl = true;
2168 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2175 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2179 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2182 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2183 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2194 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2199 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2203 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2204 struct termios termios;
2207 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2211 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2212 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2213 * interfere with that. */
2215 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2216 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2218 /* Switch to text mode */
2220 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2222 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2223 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2225 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2230 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2231 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2232 * else will do that for us */
2234 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2235 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2236 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2237 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2238 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2240 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2241 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2242 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2243 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2244 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2245 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2246 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2247 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2248 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2249 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2250 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2251 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2252 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2254 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2255 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2257 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2261 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2262 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2267 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2270 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2274 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2275 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2280 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2285 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2286 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2287 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2288 * retrying a couple of times.
2290 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2294 fd = open(name, mode);
2301 /* Max 1s in total */
2305 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2314 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2319 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2326 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2327 struct pollfd pollfd;
2331 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2338 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2349 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2354 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2365 int acquire_terminal(
2369 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2372 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2374 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2378 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2379 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2380 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2382 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2383 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2384 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2385 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2386 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2387 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2388 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2389 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2391 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
2392 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2394 if (!fail && !force) {
2395 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2401 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2410 r = flush_fd(notify);
2415 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2416 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2417 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2418 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2422 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2423 * if we already own the tty. */
2425 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2426 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2427 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2429 /* First, try to get the tty */
2430 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2433 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2435 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2436 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2437 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2438 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2441 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2450 assert(notify >= 0);
2453 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2455 struct inotify_event *e;
2457 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
2460 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2461 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2466 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2476 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2479 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2486 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2491 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2496 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2497 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2499 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2506 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2507 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2508 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2509 * an endless loop. */
2510 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2514 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2516 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2518 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2524 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2527 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2532 int release_terminal(void) {
2534 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2536 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2539 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2540 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2543 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2544 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2545 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2547 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2550 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2552 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2556 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2561 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2562 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2569 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2570 struct sigaction sa;
2575 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2576 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2578 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2582 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2583 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2590 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2591 struct sigaction sa;
2596 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2597 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2599 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2603 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2604 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2611 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2617 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2622 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2626 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2629 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2638 while (nbytes > 0) {
2641 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2643 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2646 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2647 struct pollfd pollfd;
2651 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2653 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2657 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2660 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2661 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2666 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2677 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2686 while (nbytes > 0) {
2689 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2692 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2695 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2696 struct pollfd pollfd;
2700 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2702 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2706 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2709 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2710 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2715 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2726 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2727 static const struct {
2731 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2732 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2733 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2734 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2735 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2736 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2737 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2738 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2739 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2740 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2743 { "", USEC_PER_SEC }, /* default is sec */
2759 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2770 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2772 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2773 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2774 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2775 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2779 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2789 int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec) {
2790 static const struct {
2794 { "sec", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2795 { "s", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2796 { "min", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2797 { "hr", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2798 { "h", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2799 { "d", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2800 { "w", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2801 { "msec", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2802 { "ms", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2803 { "m", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2804 { "usec", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2805 { "us", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2808 { "", 1ULL }, /* default is nsec */
2824 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2835 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2837 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2838 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2839 r += (nsec_t) l * table[i].nsec;
2840 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2844 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2854 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2855 static const struct {
2861 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2862 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2863 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2864 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2865 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2882 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2893 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2895 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2896 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2897 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2898 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2902 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2912 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2917 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2918 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2919 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2922 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2924 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2927 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2928 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2929 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2934 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2937 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2941 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2944 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2946 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2947 * sysfs or in /dev */
2950 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2951 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2954 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2957 struct dirent buf, *de;
2959 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
2963 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
2973 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
2983 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2988 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2992 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2993 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2995 if (r != sizeof(ull))
3001 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
3004 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
3007 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
3008 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
3009 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
3010 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
3011 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
3012 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
3015 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3017 if (program_invocation_name)
3018 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3020 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3024 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3026 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3030 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3035 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3042 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3043 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3047 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3050 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3052 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
3053 return strdup(u.nodename);
3055 return strdup(u.sysname);
3058 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
3061 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3063 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
3066 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
3069 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3071 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3073 return strdup("root");
3075 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
3079 buf = malloc(bufsize);
3083 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
3084 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
3091 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3097 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3101 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3106 return lookup_uid(uid);
3109 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
3116 return lookup_uid(getuid());
3119 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3120 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3125 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3130 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3137 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3141 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3144 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3146 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3153 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3155 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3156 unsigned long ttynr;
3159 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3162 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3167 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3168 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3175 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3185 "%*d " /* session */
3194 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3196 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3201 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3205 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3208 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3213 /* This is an ugly hack */
3214 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3215 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3225 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3226 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3227 * vaguely useful. */
3229 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3239 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3241 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3259 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3265 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3266 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
3270 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3272 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3276 struct dirent buf, *de;
3277 bool is_dir, keep_around;
3281 r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de);
3282 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
3290 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3293 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
3295 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
3296 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3297 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3302 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3305 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3306 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3308 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3309 keep_around = false;
3315 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3316 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3319 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3320 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3321 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3322 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3327 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3328 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3332 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3333 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3337 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3339 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3340 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3351 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3356 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3357 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3361 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3362 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3365 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3366 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3367 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3368 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3372 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3375 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3381 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3382 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3383 * seriously broken system. */
3384 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3385 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3389 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3392 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3396 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3399 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3400 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3401 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3406 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3407 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3414 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3415 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3419 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3420 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3421 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3422 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3427 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3430 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3433 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3442 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3443 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3446 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3447 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3450 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3453 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3454 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3455 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3457 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3458 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3461 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3462 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3468 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3471 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3472 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3473 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3475 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3478 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3484 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3488 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3491 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3494 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3495 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3505 if (errno != EINVAL)
3512 void status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3514 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3516 struct iovec iovec[5];
3521 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3522 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3524 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3527 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3540 sl = status ? strlen(status_indent) : 0;
3546 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3556 if (!isempty(status)) {
3557 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3558 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3559 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3561 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3564 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3565 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3567 writev(fd, iovec, n);
3573 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3576 void status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3581 va_start(ap, format);
3582 status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3586 void status_welcome(void) {
3587 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3588 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3591 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3592 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3593 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3597 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3600 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3601 const_pretty = "Linux";
3603 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3608 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3609 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3610 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3616 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3623 const char *e, *word = format;
3628 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3639 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3648 } else if (*e == '$') {
3649 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3665 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3668 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3681 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3692 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3694 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3696 l = strv_length(argv);
3698 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3701 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3703 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3704 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3709 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3711 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3722 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3731 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3739 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3740 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3750 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3754 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3763 static unsigned columns_cached(bool cached) {
3764 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0, env_columns = -1;
3767 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0 && cached))
3768 return parsed_columns;
3770 if (_unlikely_(env_columns == -1)) {
3771 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3773 env_columns = atoi(e);
3778 if (env_columns > 0) {
3779 parsed_columns = env_columns;
3780 return parsed_columns;
3783 if (parsed_columns <= 0 || !cached)
3784 parsed_columns = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3786 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3787 parsed_columns = 80;
3789 return parsed_columns;
3792 unsigned columns(void) {
3793 return columns_cached(true);
3796 unsigned columns_uncached(void) {
3797 return columns_cached(false);
3800 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3804 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3813 unsigned lines(void) {
3814 static __thread int parsed_lines = 0;
3817 if (_likely_(parsed_lines > 0))
3818 return parsed_lines;
3820 e = getenv("LINES");
3822 parsed_lines = atoi(e);
3824 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3825 parsed_lines = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3827 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3830 return parsed_lines;
3833 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3839 /* Only works as root */
3841 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3844 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3848 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3849 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3852 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3857 assert(percent <= 100);
3858 assert(new_length >= 3);
3860 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3861 return strndup(s, old_length);
3863 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3867 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3869 if (x > new_length - 3)
3877 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3878 new_length - x - 3);
3883 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3884 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3887 int touch(const char *path) {
3892 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
3895 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3899 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3907 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3908 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3913 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3914 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3919 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3925 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3928 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3933 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3941 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
3950 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3961 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3973 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3980 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3982 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3986 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3987 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3988 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3989 return status.si_status;
3992 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3995 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3996 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3998 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
4002 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
4006 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
4008 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
4009 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
4017 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
4020 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
4023 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
4029 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
4034 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
4037 return null_or_empty(&st);
4040 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4044 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
4047 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
4048 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4055 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4059 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
4060 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4061 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4066 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4072 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4075 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4077 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4078 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4081 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4082 unsigned long long a, b;
4087 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4088 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4095 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
4099 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4100 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4102 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
4106 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4112 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
4121 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4122 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
4123 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
4125 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
4126 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
4128 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
4129 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
4131 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
4132 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
4137 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4140 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4143 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4146 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
4149 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4152 return streq(tty, "console");
4155 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4160 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4163 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4166 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4169 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4173 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4179 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4180 char *active = NULL;
4185 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4188 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
4189 * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
4190 * for container setups) */
4191 if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
4192 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4193 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4194 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4195 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4208 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4211 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4214 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4217 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4220 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4221 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4222 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4228 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4231 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4232 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4233 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4236 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4239 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4242 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4245 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4249 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4250 * until all they all finished. */
4253 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4255 if (errno == ENOENT)
4258 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4265 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4266 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4270 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4275 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4278 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4283 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4284 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4302 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4303 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4306 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4308 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4309 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4314 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4315 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4320 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4325 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4329 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4330 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
4331 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4332 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4334 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4336 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4347 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4350 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4353 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4361 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4367 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4368 if (streq(i, needle))
4374 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4375 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4378 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4387 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4389 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4390 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4391 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4397 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4403 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4404 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4407 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4413 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4416 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4417 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4418 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4419 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4427 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4431 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4432 struct pollfd pollfd;
4437 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4439 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4446 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4449 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4450 struct pollfd pollfd;
4455 pollfd.events = event;
4457 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4464 return pollfd.revents;
4467 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4478 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4482 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4486 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4488 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4494 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4507 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4510 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4516 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4519 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4523 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4524 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4529 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4533 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4534 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4535 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4537 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4540 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4541 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4542 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4544 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4549 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4550 "\033[H" /* move home */
4551 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4553 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4558 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4561 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4568 /* Try to deallocate */
4569 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4573 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4574 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4582 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4584 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4589 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4590 "\033[H" /* move home */
4591 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4593 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4598 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4604 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4608 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4610 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4618 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4622 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4633 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4635 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4637 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4645 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4646 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4656 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from, const char *to) {
4657 char *pf = NULL, *pt = NULL;
4664 if (path_get_parent(from, &pf) < 0 ||
4665 path_get_parent(to, &pt) < 0) {
4670 if (stat(pf, &a) < 0 ||
4676 if (a.st_dev != b.st_dev) {
4680 return copy_file(from, to);
4683 if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
4697 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4701 unsigned long long ull;
4708 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4712 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4716 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4719 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4720 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4726 r = symlink_or_copy(from, t);
4733 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4744 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4748 display[0] == ':' &&
4749 display[1] >= '0' &&
4753 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4760 if (!display_is_local(display))
4763 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4765 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4769 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4770 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4779 const char **username,
4780 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4782 const char **shell) {
4790 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4791 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4793 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4811 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4815 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4816 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4817 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4818 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4819 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4821 *username = p->pw_name;
4824 p = getpwnam(*username);
4828 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4840 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4845 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4851 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4852 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4854 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4855 *groupname = "root";
4863 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4868 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4871 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4875 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4883 int in_group(const char *name) {
4885 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4887 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4891 if (getgid() == gid)
4894 if (getegid() == gid)
4897 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4898 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4900 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4902 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4906 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4913 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4921 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4923 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4925 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4928 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4930 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4937 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4943 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4946 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4950 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4951 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4952 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4953 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4954 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4955 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4956 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4962 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4966 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4972 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4973 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4984 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4992 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4993 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
5001 struct dirent buffer, *de;
5004 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
5013 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
5015 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
5019 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
5023 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
5032 assert((unsigned) r < n);
5034 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5058 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
5071 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5094 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5108 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5109 static __thread int cached = 0;
5111 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5112 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5117 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5124 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5125 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5128 r = access(p, F_OK);
5136 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5137 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5140 r = access(p, F_OK);
5146 /* Get parent dev_t */
5147 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5150 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5156 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5162 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5163 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5166 r = access(p, F_OK);
5170 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5177 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5182 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5186 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5187 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5190 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5191 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5192 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5193 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5194 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5197 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5199 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5200 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5201 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5202 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5203 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5204 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5205 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5208 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5210 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5211 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5212 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5213 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5214 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5215 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5216 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5217 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5218 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5219 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5220 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5221 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5222 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5223 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5224 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5225 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5226 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5227 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5228 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5229 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5230 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5233 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5235 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5236 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5237 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5238 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5240 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5241 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5242 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5243 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5246 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5248 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5249 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5250 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5251 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5252 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5256 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5258 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5259 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5260 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5261 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5262 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5263 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5264 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5265 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5266 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5267 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5268 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5269 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5270 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5271 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5272 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5273 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5274 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5277 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5279 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5280 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5281 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5282 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5283 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5286 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5288 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5305 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5316 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5318 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5324 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5326 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5327 static __thread char buf[12];
5330 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5334 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5335 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5337 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5342 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5347 signo =__signal_from_string(s);
5351 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5355 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5356 signo = (int) u + offset;
5357 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5363 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5364 bool loaded = false;
5367 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5375 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5393 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5395 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5404 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5411 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5414 static const struct {
5418 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5419 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5420 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5421 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5422 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5426 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5428 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5431 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5432 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5439 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5447 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5460 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5462 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5464 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5466 l == sizeof(value) &&
5467 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5471 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5478 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5480 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5482 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5484 l == sizeof(value) &&
5485 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5489 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5496 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5497 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5499 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5507 parent_pid = getpid();
5509 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5516 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5523 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5524 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5525 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5527 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5528 * to set the death signal */
5529 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5530 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5532 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5533 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5535 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5536 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5538 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5539 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5540 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5541 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5542 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5543 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5544 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5545 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5546 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5548 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5549 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5553 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5556 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5562 /* Count arguments */
5564 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5569 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5571 /* Fill in arguments */
5573 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5574 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5578 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5581 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5582 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5586 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5592 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5593 * to get as close as we can */
5594 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5596 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5597 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5599 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5605 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5606 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5618 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5621 f = fopen(path, "re");
5629 char line[LINE_MAX];
5632 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5636 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5646 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5647 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5667 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5671 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5675 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5677 return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
5680 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state)
5681 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5687 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5690 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5693 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5696 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5699 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5702 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5708 bool in_initrd(void) {
5709 static int saved = -1;
5715 /* We make two checks here:
5717 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5718 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5720 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5721 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5722 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5725 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5726 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5727 (s.f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC || s.f_type == RAMFS_MAGIC);
5732 void warn_melody(void) {
5733 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5735 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5739 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. Bute well... */
5741 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5742 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5744 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5745 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5747 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5748 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5750 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5753 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5756 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5758 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5760 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5766 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5773 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5781 /* Take the user specified one */
5792 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5795 h = strdup("/root");
5803 /* Check the database... */
5807 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5809 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5812 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5820 int get_shell(char **_sh) {
5828 /* Take the user specified one */
5829 e = getenv("SHELL");
5839 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5842 sh = strdup("/bin/sh");
5850 /* Check the database... */
5854 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5856 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5859 sh = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5867 void freep(void *p) {
5871 void fclosep(FILE **f) {
5876 void closep(int *fd) {
5878 close_nointr_nofail(*fd);