1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
67 #include "path-util.h"
68 #include "exit-status.h"
72 char **saved_argv = NULL;
74 size_t page_size(void) {
75 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
78 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
81 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
88 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
90 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
101 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
104 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
106 return timespec_load(&ts);
109 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
112 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
113 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
118 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
127 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
129 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
131 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
132 ts->monotonic -= delta;
140 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
144 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
145 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
148 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
151 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
152 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
157 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
161 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
162 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
165 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
168 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
169 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
174 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
181 pl = strlen(postfix);
189 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
192 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
207 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
210 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
226 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
227 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
234 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
249 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
253 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
256 int close_nointr(int fd) {
271 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
272 int saved_errno = errno;
274 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
277 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
282 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
285 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
286 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
289 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
292 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
294 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
300 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
301 unsigned long ul = 0;
308 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
313 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
323 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
324 unsigned long ul = 0;
331 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
336 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
343 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
351 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
353 if (!x || *x || errno)
354 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
356 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
359 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
363 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
371 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
373 if (!x || *x || errno)
374 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
376 if ((long) (int) l != l)
383 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
385 unsigned long long l;
391 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
393 if (!x || *x || errno)
394 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
408 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
410 if (!x || *x || errno)
411 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
417 /* Split a string into words. */
418 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
421 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
423 if (!*current || *c == 0)
426 current += strspn(current, separator);
427 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
430 return (char*) current;
433 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
434 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
435 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
437 bool escaped = false;
439 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
441 if (!*current || *c == 0)
444 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
446 if (*current == '\'') {
449 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
459 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
460 } else if (*current == '\"') {
463 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
473 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
475 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
480 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
487 return (char*) current;
490 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
493 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
499 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
502 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
505 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
506 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
513 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
514 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
515 * skip over it manually */
517 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
528 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
531 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
536 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
539 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
544 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
547 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
550 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
551 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
558 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
559 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
560 * skip over it manually */
562 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
583 "%*d " /* priority */
585 "%*d " /* num_threads */
586 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
587 "%llu " /* starttime */,
594 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
606 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
611 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
629 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
634 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
640 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
648 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
652 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
655 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
660 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
671 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
687 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
690 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
699 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
725 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
732 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
735 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
741 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) {
746 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
753 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
759 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
774 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
798 const char *separator, ...) {
801 char *contents = NULL, *p;
806 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
811 const char *key = NULL;
813 p += strspn(p, separator);
814 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
819 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
823 va_start(ap, separator);
824 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
828 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
831 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
836 n = strcspn(p, separator);
839 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
841 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
852 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
869 p += strcspn(p, separator);
888 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
892 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
895 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
908 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
911 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
916 t = strv_append(m, u);
942 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
947 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
951 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
967 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
982 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
985 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
989 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
995 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
998 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1001 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
1008 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
1015 assert(max_length > 0);
1019 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1022 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1032 r = new(char, max_length);
1040 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1062 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1063 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1070 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1080 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1084 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
1095 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1105 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1114 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1118 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1121 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1126 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1132 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1135 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1138 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1145 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1155 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1165 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1167 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1177 if (startswith(l, "Uid:")) {
1179 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1181 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1183 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1196 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1204 return strndup(suffix, b);
1214 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1218 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1224 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1225 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1228 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1238 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1241 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1247 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1258 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1265 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1268 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1278 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1285 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1289 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1296 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1301 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1304 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1305 struct sigaction sa;
1307 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1311 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1312 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1314 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1315 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1316 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1317 if (errno != EINVAL)
1324 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1327 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1328 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1330 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1332 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1333 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1341 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1344 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1346 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1347 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1358 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1364 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1365 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1371 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1378 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1379 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1382 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1383 return strdup(filename);
1385 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1386 return strdup(filename);
1388 k = strlen(filename);
1389 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1392 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1393 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1398 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1407 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1408 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1414 /* Skip last component */
1415 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1418 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1419 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1425 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1428 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1437 if (errno != ENOENT)
1445 char hexchar(int x) {
1446 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1448 return table[x & 15];
1451 int unhexchar(char c) {
1453 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1456 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1457 return c - 'a' + 10;
1459 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1460 return c - 'A' + 10;
1465 char octchar(int x) {
1466 return '0' + (x & 7);
1469 int unoctchar(char c) {
1471 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1477 char decchar(int x) {
1478 return '0' + (x % 10);
1481 int undecchar(char c) {
1483 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1489 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1495 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1497 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1501 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1547 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1548 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1549 * g_strescape() does the same */
1550 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1552 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1553 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1554 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1565 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1571 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1573 r = new(char, length+1);
1577 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1620 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1625 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1628 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1629 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1631 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1632 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1636 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1651 /* octal encoding */
1654 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1655 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1656 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1658 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1659 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1663 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1671 /* premature end of string.*/
1676 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1688 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1689 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1692 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1696 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1697 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1700 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1703 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1705 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1706 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1709 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1710 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1720 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1726 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1727 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1729 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1732 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1734 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1735 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1736 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1738 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1739 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1749 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1754 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1757 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1762 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1763 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1764 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1767 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1779 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1784 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1785 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1786 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1791 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1795 filename[0] == '.' ||
1796 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1797 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1798 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1799 endswith(filename, "~") ||
1800 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1801 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1802 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1803 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1804 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1805 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1808 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1813 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1817 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1819 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1821 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1827 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1832 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1836 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1838 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1840 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1846 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1849 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1851 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1858 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1863 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1865 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1870 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1871 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1874 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1875 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1877 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1880 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1881 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1888 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1891 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1894 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1895 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1904 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1907 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1908 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1909 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1918 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1921 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1922 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1929 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1939 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1941 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1947 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1950 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1952 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1957 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1958 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1959 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1960 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1961 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1962 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1963 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1964 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1965 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1966 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1967 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1968 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1969 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1970 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1971 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1972 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1973 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1974 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1975 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1976 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1977 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1978 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1979 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1980 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1981 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1982 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1983 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1984 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1985 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1986 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1987 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1988 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1989 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1990 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1991 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1992 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1993 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1995 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1996 (unsigned long long) d);
1998 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2004 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2005 static const struct {
2009 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2010 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2011 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2012 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2013 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2014 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2024 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2028 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2033 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2035 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2039 if (t < table[i].usec)
2045 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2046 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2059 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2060 static const char * const table[] = {
2072 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2073 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2082 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2087 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2091 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) {
2096 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2099 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2103 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2107 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2108 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2110 char line[LINE_MAX];
2115 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2116 new_termios = old_termios;
2118 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2119 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2120 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2122 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2125 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2126 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2127 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2132 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2134 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2140 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2147 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2148 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2151 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2156 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2166 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2173 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2179 bool need_nl = true;
2182 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2189 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2193 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2196 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2197 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2208 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2213 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2217 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2218 struct termios termios;
2221 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2225 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2226 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2227 * interfere with that. */
2229 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2230 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2232 /* Switch to text mode */
2234 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2236 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2237 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2239 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2244 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2245 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2246 * else will do that for us */
2248 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2249 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2250 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2251 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2252 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2254 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2255 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2256 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2257 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2258 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2259 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2260 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2261 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2262 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2263 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2264 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2265 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2266 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2268 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2269 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2271 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2275 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2276 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2281 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2284 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2288 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2289 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2294 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2299 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2300 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2301 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2302 * retrying a couple of times.
2304 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2308 fd = open(name, mode);
2315 /* Max 1s in total */
2319 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2328 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2333 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2340 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2341 struct pollfd pollfd;
2345 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2352 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2363 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2368 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2379 int acquire_terminal(
2383 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2386 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2388 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2392 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2393 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2394 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2396 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2397 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2398 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2399 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2400 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2401 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2402 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2403 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2405 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
2406 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2408 if (!fail && !force) {
2409 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2415 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2424 r = flush_fd(notify);
2429 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2430 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2431 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2432 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2436 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2437 * if we already own the tty. */
2439 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2440 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2441 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2443 /* First, try to get the tty */
2444 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2447 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2449 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2450 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2451 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2452 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2455 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2464 assert(notify >= 0);
2467 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2469 struct inotify_event *e;
2471 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
2474 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2475 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2480 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2490 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2493 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2500 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2505 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2510 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2511 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2513 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2520 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2521 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2522 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2523 * an endless loop. */
2524 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2528 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2530 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2532 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2538 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2541 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2546 int release_terminal(void) {
2548 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2550 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2553 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2554 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2557 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2558 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2559 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2561 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2564 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2566 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2570 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2575 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2576 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2583 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2584 struct sigaction sa;
2589 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2590 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2592 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2596 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2597 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2604 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2605 struct sigaction sa;
2610 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2611 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2613 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2617 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2618 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2625 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2631 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2636 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2640 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2643 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2652 while (nbytes > 0) {
2655 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2657 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2660 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2661 struct pollfd pollfd;
2665 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2667 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2671 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2674 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2675 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2680 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2691 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2700 while (nbytes > 0) {
2703 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2706 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2709 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2710 struct pollfd pollfd;
2714 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2716 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2720 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2723 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2724 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2729 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2740 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2741 static const struct {
2745 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2746 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2747 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2748 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2749 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2750 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2751 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2752 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2753 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2754 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2757 { "", USEC_PER_SEC }, /* default is sec */
2773 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2784 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2786 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2787 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2788 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2789 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2793 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2803 int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec) {
2804 static const struct {
2808 { "sec", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2809 { "s", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2810 { "min", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2811 { "hr", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2812 { "h", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2813 { "d", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2814 { "w", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2815 { "msec", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2816 { "ms", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2817 { "m", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2818 { "usec", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2819 { "us", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2822 { "", 1ULL }, /* default is nsec */
2838 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2849 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2851 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2852 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2853 r += (nsec_t) l * table[i].nsec;
2854 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2858 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2868 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2869 static const struct {
2875 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2876 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2877 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2878 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2879 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2896 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2907 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2909 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2910 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2911 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2912 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2916 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2926 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2931 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2932 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2933 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2936 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2938 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2941 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2942 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2943 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2948 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2951 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2955 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2958 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2960 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2961 * sysfs or in /dev */
2964 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2965 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2968 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2971 struct dirent buf, *de;
2973 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
2977 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
2987 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
2997 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
3002 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3005 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
3006 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3008 if (r != sizeof(ull))
3014 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
3017 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
3020 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
3021 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
3022 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
3023 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
3024 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
3025 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
3028 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3030 if (program_invocation_name)
3031 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3033 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3037 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3039 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3043 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3048 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3055 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3056 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3060 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3063 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3065 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
3066 return strdup(u.nodename);
3068 return strdup(u.sysname);
3071 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
3074 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3076 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
3080 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
3083 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3085 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3087 return strdup("root");
3089 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
3093 buf = malloc(bufsize);
3097 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
3098 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
3105 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3111 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3115 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3120 return lookup_uid(uid);
3123 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
3130 return lookup_uid(getuid());
3133 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3134 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3139 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3144 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3151 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3155 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3158 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3160 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3167 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3169 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3170 unsigned long ttynr;
3173 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3176 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3181 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3182 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3189 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3199 "%*d " /* session */
3208 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3210 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3215 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3219 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3222 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3227 /* This is an ugly hack */
3228 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3229 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3239 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3240 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3241 * vaguely useful. */
3243 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3253 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3255 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3273 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3279 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3280 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
3284 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3286 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3290 struct dirent buf, *de;
3291 bool is_dir, keep_around;
3295 r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de);
3296 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
3304 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3307 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
3309 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
3310 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3311 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3316 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3319 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3320 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3322 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3323 keep_around = false;
3329 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3330 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3333 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3334 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3335 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3336 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3341 r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3342 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3346 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3347 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3351 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3353 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3354 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3365 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3370 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3371 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3375 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3376 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3379 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3380 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3381 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3382 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3386 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3389 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3395 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3396 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3397 * seriously broken system. */
3398 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3399 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3403 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3406 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3410 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3413 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3414 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3415 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3420 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3421 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3428 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3429 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3433 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3434 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3435 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3436 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3441 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3444 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3447 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3456 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3457 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3460 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3461 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3464 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3467 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3468 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3469 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3471 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3472 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3475 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3476 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3482 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3485 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3486 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3487 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3489 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3492 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3498 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3502 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3505 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3508 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3509 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3519 if (errno != EINVAL)
3526 void status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3528 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3530 struct iovec iovec[5];
3535 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3536 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3538 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3541 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3554 sl = status ? strlen(status_indent) : 0;
3560 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3570 if (!isempty(status)) {
3571 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3572 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3573 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3575 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3578 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3579 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3581 writev(fd, iovec, n);
3587 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3590 void status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3595 va_start(ap, format);
3596 status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3600 void status_welcome(void) {
3601 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3602 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3605 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3606 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3607 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3611 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3614 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3615 const_pretty = "Linux";
3617 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3622 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3623 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3624 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3630 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3637 const char *e, *word = format;
3642 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3653 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3662 } else if (*e == '$') {
3663 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3679 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3682 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3695 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3706 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3708 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3710 l = strv_length(argv);
3712 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3715 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3717 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3718 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3723 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3725 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3736 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3745 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3753 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3754 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3764 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3768 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3777 unsigned columns(void) {
3778 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3781 if (_likely_(parsed_columns > 0))
3782 return parsed_columns;
3784 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3786 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3788 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3789 parsed_columns = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3791 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3792 parsed_columns = 80;
3794 return parsed_columns;
3797 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3801 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3810 unsigned lines(void) {
3811 static __thread int parsed_lines = 0;
3814 if (_likely_(parsed_lines > 0))
3815 return parsed_lines;
3817 e = getenv("LINES");
3819 parsed_lines = atoi(e);
3821 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3822 parsed_lines = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3824 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3827 return parsed_lines;
3830 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3836 /* Only works as root */
3838 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3841 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3845 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3846 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3849 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3854 assert(percent <= 100);
3855 assert(new_length >= 3);
3857 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3858 return strndup(s, old_length);
3860 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3864 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3866 if (x > new_length - 3)
3874 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3875 new_length - x - 3);
3880 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3881 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3884 int touch(const char *path) {
3889 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
3892 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3896 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3904 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3905 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3910 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3911 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3916 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3922 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3925 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3930 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3938 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
3947 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3958 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3970 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3977 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
3978 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3982 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3983 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3984 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3985 return status.si_status;
3988 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3991 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3992 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3994 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3998 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
4003 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
4005 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
4006 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
4014 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
4017 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
4020 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
4026 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
4031 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
4034 return null_or_empty(&st);
4037 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4041 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
4044 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
4045 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4052 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4056 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
4057 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4058 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4063 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4069 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4072 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4074 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4075 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4078 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4079 unsigned long long a, b;
4084 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4085 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4092 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4096 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4097 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4099 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
4101 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
4104 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4110 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
4119 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
4121 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
4124 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4130 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
4142 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4145 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4148 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4151 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
4154 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4157 return streq(tty, "console");
4160 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4165 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4168 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4171 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4174 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4178 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4184 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4185 char *active = NULL;
4190 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4193 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
4194 * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
4195 * for container setups) */
4196 if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
4197 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4198 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4199 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4200 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4213 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4216 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4219 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4222 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4225 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4226 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4227 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4233 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4236 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4239 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4242 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4245 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4249 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4250 * until all they all finished. */
4253 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4255 if (errno == ENOENT)
4258 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4265 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4266 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4270 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4275 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4278 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4283 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4284 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4302 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4303 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4306 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4308 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4309 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4314 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4315 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4320 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4325 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4329 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4330 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4331 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4332 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4334 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4336 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4347 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4350 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4353 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4361 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4367 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4368 if (streq(i, needle))
4374 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4375 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4378 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p, int *priority) {
4379 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
4389 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
4392 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
4393 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4395 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
4396 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4397 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4399 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
4400 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4401 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4402 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
4407 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0)
4410 *priority = a*100+b*10+c;
4414 void skip_syslog_pid(char **buf) {
4426 p += strspn(p, "0123456789");
4436 void skip_syslog_date(char **buf) {
4444 LETTER, LETTER, LETTER,
4446 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4448 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4450 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4452 SPACE_OR_NUMBER, NUMBER,
4464 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(sequence); i++, p++) {
4469 switch (sequence[i]) {
4476 case SPACE_OR_NUMBER:
4483 if (*p < '0' || *p > '9')
4489 if (!(*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') &&
4490 !(*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z'))
4506 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4515 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4517 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4518 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4519 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4525 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4531 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4532 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4535 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4541 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4544 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4545 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4546 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4547 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4555 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4559 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4560 struct pollfd pollfd;
4565 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4567 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4574 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4577 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4578 struct pollfd pollfd;
4583 pollfd.events = event;
4585 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4592 return pollfd.revents;
4595 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4606 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4610 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4614 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4616 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4622 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4635 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4638 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4644 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4647 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4651 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4652 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4657 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4661 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4662 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4663 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4665 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4668 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4669 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4670 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4672 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4677 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4678 "\033[H" /* move home */
4679 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4681 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4686 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4689 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4696 /* Try to deallocate */
4697 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4701 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4702 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4710 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4712 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4717 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4718 "\033[H" /* move home */
4719 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4721 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4726 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4732 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4736 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4738 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4746 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4750 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4761 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4763 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4765 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4773 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4774 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4784 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from, const char *to) {
4785 char *pf = NULL, *pt = NULL;
4792 if (path_get_parent(from, &pf) < 0 ||
4793 path_get_parent(to, &pt) < 0) {
4798 if (stat(pf, &a) < 0 ||
4804 if (a.st_dev != b.st_dev) {
4808 return copy_file(from, to);
4811 if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
4825 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4829 unsigned long long ull;
4836 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4840 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4844 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4847 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4848 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4854 r = symlink_or_copy(from, t);
4861 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4872 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4876 display[0] == ':' &&
4877 display[1] >= '0' &&
4881 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4888 if (!display_is_local(display))
4891 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4893 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4897 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4898 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4907 const char **username,
4908 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4910 const char **shell) {
4918 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4919 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4921 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4939 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4943 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4944 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4945 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4946 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4947 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4949 *username = p->pw_name;
4952 p = getpwnam(*username);
4956 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4968 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4973 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4979 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4980 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4982 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4983 *groupname = "root";
4991 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4996 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4999 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
5003 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5011 int in_group(const char *name) {
5013 int ngroups_max, r, i;
5015 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
5019 if (getgid() == gid)
5022 if (getegid() == gid)
5025 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
5026 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
5028 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
5030 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
5034 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
5041 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
5049 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
5051 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
5053 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
5056 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
5058 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
5065 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
5071 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
5074 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
5078 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
5079 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
5080 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
5081 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
5082 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
5083 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
5084 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
5090 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
5094 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
5100 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5101 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
5112 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
5120 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
5121 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
5129 struct dirent buffer, *de;
5132 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
5141 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
5143 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
5147 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
5151 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
5160 assert((unsigned) r < n);
5162 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5186 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
5199 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5222 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5236 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5237 static __thread int cached = 0;
5239 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5240 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5245 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5252 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5253 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5256 r = access(p, F_OK);
5264 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5265 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5268 r = access(p, F_OK);
5274 /* Get parent dev_t */
5275 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5278 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5284 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5290 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5291 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5294 r = access(p, F_OK);
5298 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5305 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5310 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5314 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5315 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5318 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5319 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5320 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5321 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5322 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5325 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5327 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5328 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5329 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5330 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5331 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5332 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5333 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5336 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5338 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5339 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5340 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5341 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5342 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5343 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5344 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5345 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5346 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5347 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5348 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5349 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5350 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5351 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5352 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5353 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5354 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5355 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5356 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5357 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5358 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5361 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5363 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5364 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5365 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5366 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5368 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5369 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5370 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5371 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5374 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5376 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5377 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5378 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5379 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5380 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5384 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5386 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5387 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5388 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5389 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5390 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5391 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5392 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5393 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5394 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5395 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5396 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5397 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5398 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5399 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5400 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5401 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5402 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5405 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5407 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5408 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5409 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5410 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5411 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5414 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5416 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5433 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5444 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5446 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5452 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5454 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5455 static __thread char buf[12];
5458 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5462 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5463 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5465 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5470 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5475 signo =__signal_from_string(s);
5479 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5483 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5484 signo = (int) u + offset;
5485 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5491 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5492 bool loaded = false;
5495 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5503 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5521 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5523 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5532 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5539 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5542 static const struct {
5546 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5547 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5548 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5549 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5550 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5554 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5556 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5559 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5560 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5567 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5575 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5588 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5590 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5592 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5594 l == sizeof(value) &&
5595 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5599 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5606 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5608 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5610 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5612 l == sizeof(value) &&
5613 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5617 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5624 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5625 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5627 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5635 parent_pid = getpid();
5637 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5644 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5651 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5652 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5653 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5655 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5656 * to set the death signal */
5657 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5658 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5660 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5661 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5663 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5664 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5666 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5667 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5668 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5669 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5670 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5671 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5672 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5673 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5674 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5676 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5677 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5681 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5684 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5690 /* Count arguments */
5692 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5697 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5699 /* Fill in arguments */
5701 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5702 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5706 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5709 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5710 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5714 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5720 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5721 * to get as close as we can */
5722 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5724 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5725 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5727 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5733 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5734 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5746 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5749 f = fopen(path, "re");
5757 char line[LINE_MAX];
5760 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5764 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5774 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5775 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5795 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5796 char *p, *w, *state;
5803 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5805 return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
5809 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) {
5810 if (l == k && strncmp(w, type, l) == 0) {
5820 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5823 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5826 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5829 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5832 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5835 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5841 bool in_initrd(void) {
5842 static int saved = -1;
5848 /* We make two checks here:
5850 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5851 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5853 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5854 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5855 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5858 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5859 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5860 (s.f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC || s.f_type == RAMFS_MAGIC);
5865 void warn_melody(void) {
5868 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5872 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. Bute well... */
5874 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5875 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5877 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5878 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5880 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5881 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5883 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5884 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5887 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5890 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5892 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5894 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5900 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5907 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5915 /* Take the user specified one */
5926 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5929 h = strdup("/root");
5937 /* Check the database... */
5941 return errno ? -errno : -ENOENT;
5943 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5946 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5954 int get_shell(char **_sh) {
5962 /* Take the user specified one */
5963 e = getenv("SHELL");
5973 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5976 sh = strdup("/bin/sh");
5984 /* Check the database... */
5988 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5990 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5993 sh = strdup(p->pw_shell);